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T.C. SELÇUK ÜNİVERSİTESİ FEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜ TÜRKİYE’DE YAYILIŞ GÖSTEREN GLYCYRRHIZA L. (MEYAN) CİNSİNİN REVİZYONU Özlem ÇETİN DOKTORA TEZİ Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Nisan-2015 KONYA Her Hakkı Saklıdır ÖZET DOKTORA TEZİ TÜRKİYE’DE YAYILIŞ GÖSTEREN GLYCYRRHIZA L. (MEYAN) CİNSİNİN REVİZYONU Özlem ÇETİN Selçuk Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı Danışman: Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN 2015, 305 Sayfa Jüri Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN Prof. Dr. Hüseyin DURAL Prof. Dr. Yavuz BAĞCI Doç. Dr. Esra MARTİN Doç. Dr. Ekrem DÜNDAR Bu çalışmada, ülkemizde doğal olarak yayılış gösteren Glycyrrhiza L. (Fabaceae) cinsi taksonları morfolojik, sitotaksonomik, palinolojik, moleküler ve nümerik çalışmalara dayalı veriler kullanılarak revizyonu gerçekleştirildi. Tüm taksonların daha kullanışlı teşhis anahtarları ve kapsamlı betimleri yapıldı. Ayrıca habitat özellikleri, yayılış haritaları ve fotoğrafları verildi. Hayat formu ve IUCN kategorileri değerlendirildi. Glycyrrhiza taksonlarının kromozom sayıları belirlendi. G. asymetrica türünün somatik kromozom sayısı 2n=14, Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. echinata subsp. echinata, G. echinata subsp. macedonica, G. flavescens subsp. flavescens, G. flavescens subsp. antalyensis, G. asymmetrica taksonlarının somatik kromozom sayısı ise 2n=16’dır. Görüntü Analiz Sistemi (Bs200ProP) aracılığı ile karyotip analizleri yapıldı. Tohum yüzey ornemantasyonu taramalı elektron mikroskobu ile incelendi. Ayrıca polenler ışık ve elektron mikroskobu ile incelendi. Farklı lokalitelerden toplanan örneklerinden DNA izolasyonları yapıldı. ISSR verileri, ITS ve trnL-F bölgelerine ait sekans dizileri kullanılarak filogenetik analizleri yapıldı ve dendrogramları oluşturuldu. Glycyrrhiza cinsinin nümerik sınıflandırılmasında ise morfolojik çalışmalardan sağlanan veriler NTSYS programında analiz edilerek fenogramları oluşturuldu. Morfolojik, mikromorfolojik ve moleküler çalışmalardan sağlanan veriler Glycyrrhiza cinsinin üç alt cins (subgen. Glycyrrhiza, subgen. Liquiritia, subgen. nov. Glycyrrhizopsis) olarak ayrılmasını destekledi. Glycyrrhiza echinata subsp. macedonica taksonu Türkiye Florası için yeni kayıt olarak eklendi. Glycyrrhiza iconica hibrit bir bitki olarak tespit edildi. Beta amyrin-11 oxidase geninin intron ve ekzon bölgelerini belirlemek için Glycyrrhiza glabra ve Glycyrrhiza echinata subsp. echinata türleri kullanıldı. RNA izolasyonları yapıldıktan sonra cDNA sentezlendi. cDNA ve genomik DNA örnekleri Beta amyrin oxidase geni için sentezlenmiş primerler ile çoğaltıldı ve sekans analizi yapıldı. Yine Glycyrrhiza taksonlarında türler arasındaki polimorfizmi belirlemek amacıyla da intron ve ekzon karışımı bir bölge seçilerek PCR çalışmaları iv yapılmıştır. Bu bölge değerlendirilerek filogenetik bir ağaç oluşturulmuştur. Beta amyrin oxidase gen dizisi ile oluşturulan filogenetik ağaç ISSR, ITS ve trnL-F verileri ile oluşturulan ağaçlar ile korelasyon göstermektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Glycyrrhiza, ITS, ISSR, kromozom, Fabaceae, Leguminosae, polen, Sem, β-amyrin 11-oxidase, revizyon v ABSTRACT Ph.D THESIS REVISION OF THE GENUS GLYCYRRHIZA L. DISTRIBUTED IN TURKEY ÖZLEM ÇETİN THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCE OF SELÇUK UNIVERSITY THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF BIOLOGY Advisor: Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN 2015, 305 Pages Jury Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN Prof. Dr. Hüseyin DURAL Prof. Dr. Yavuz BAĞCI Assoc. Prof. Dr. Esra MARTİN Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ekrem DÜNDAR In this study, a revision of Glycyrrhiza L. (Fabaceae) taxa naturally distributed in Turkey was conducted with respect to morphology, sitotaxonomy, pollenology, molecular biology and numerical taxonomy. More practical diagnosis keys and comprehensive descriptions were also accomplished along with habitat properties, distribution maps and photographs. Life forms and IUCN categories were reviewed and revised. The number of chromosomes of Glycyrrhiza L. species was determined as G. asymetrica had 2n = 14 while the , Glycyrrhiza glabra, G. echinata subsp. echinata, G. echinata subsp. macedonica, G. flavescens subsp. flavescens, G. flavescens subsp. antalyensis, G. asymmetrica displayed 2n = 16. Karyotype and idiogram analyses were conducted through Image Analysis System (Bs200Pro). Seed surface ornamentations and pollens were investigated via electron microscope while the pollens were also studied under light microscope. ISSR results and ITS and trnL-F sequences of the taxa were used to construct phylogenetic trees. For numerical taxonomy, morphological features were scored and converted to phenograms using NTSYS program. The data obtained from morphology, micromorphology and molecular analyses suggested Glycyrrhiza organize in three sub genera as subgen. Glycyrrhiza, subgen. Liquiritia, subgen. nov. Glycyrrhizopsis. Glycyrrhiza echinata subsp. macedonica was added new record for flora of Turkey. Glycyrrhiza iconica was determined as a hybrid plant. Glycyrrhiza glabra and Glycyrrhiza echinata were used to determine the intron size of Beta-amyrin-11 oxydase. For this, cDNA synthesis following total RNA isolation were conducted. Beta amyrin-11 oxydase fragments from genomic DNA and cDNA samples were amplified via nested primers desinged for this purpose. The vi amplified fragments were sequenced using the same primers used for amplification. To determine the polymorphism of beta amynrin oxydase among Glycrrhiza species, a region of the gene including introns and exons was amplified from all the species and sequenced. The sequences were utilized to construct a phylogenetic tree which were in accordance with the trees generated using ISSR and ITS data. Keywords: chromosome, Glycyrrhiza, ITS, ISSR, Fabaceae, Leguminosae, pollen, SEM, β-amyrin 11-oxidase vii ÖNSÖZ Doktora tez çalışmam esnasında her zaman yardımlarını ve desteklerini esirgemeyen değerli danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN’a teşekkür ederim. Arazi çalışmalarında ve örneklerin temini konusunda yardım eden başta danışman hocam Prof. Dr. Ahmet DURAN’a, Doç. Dr. Ramazan Süleyman GÖKTÜRK’e, Doç. Dr. Bekir DOĞAN’a, Yard. Doç. Dr. Özge ÇETİN’e, Uzman Mustafa ÇELİK’e, Yasemin GÜRBÜZ’e, Naile ÇETİN’e ve Selçuk ÇETİN’e teşekkür ederim. Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Araştırma Laboratuarında çalışmama imkan sağlayan, görüş ve deneyimlerini benden esirgemeyen Doç. Dr. Ekrem DÜNDAR’a teşekkür ederim. Ayrıca Balıkesir Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Araştırma Laboratuarında yardımcı olan Araş. Gör. Dr. Görkem SÖNMEZ’e, Araş. Gör. Taner ÖZCAN’a, Özge TOK’a teşekkür ederim. Görüş ve deneyimlerinden faydalandığım Prof. Dr. Mustafa KÜÇÜKÖDÜK’e, Prof. Dr. Münevver PINAR’a ve Doç. Dr. Esra MARTİN’e, Doç. Dr. Tuncay DİRMENCİ’ye teşekkür ederim. Oxytropis örneklerinin temin edilmesinde bütün içtenliği ile yardım eden Yard. Doç. Dr. Seher Karaman ÖZKUL’a teşekkür ederim. Herbaryum materyallerinin incelenmesinde imkan sağlayan KNYA, GAZI, HUB, ANK, HUB, EGE, ISTF, ISTE, ISTO, AKDU, W herbaryumları yetkililerine teşekkür ederim. Selçuk Üniversitesi, Fen Fakültesi Bitki Biyolojisi Araştırma Laboratuvarındaki çalışmalarım esnasında benden yardımlarını esirgemeyen Doç. Dr. Evren YILDIZTUGAY’a, Elif GEZER’e, Fahim ALTINORDU’ya, Büşra TOSUN’a, Şerife ATİKER’e teşekkür ederim. Eğitim hayatım boyunca benden maddi-manevi desteğini esirgemeyen canım anneme ve babama teşekkür ederim Ayrıca,Tez çalışmalarım için maddi destek sağlayan TUBİTAK’a ve bu tez çalışmasına maddi destek sağlayan Selçuk Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (BAP)’ne maddi desteklerinden dolayı teşekkür ederim. Özlem ÇETİN KONYA-2015 viii İÇİNDEKİLER ÖZET .............................................................................................................................. iv ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... vi ÖNSÖZ ......................................................................................................................... viii İÇİNDEKİLER .............................................................................................................. ix ŞEKİLLER LİSTESİ ................................................................................................... xii ÇİZELGELER LİSTESİ ............................................................................................. xv SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR ............................................................................ xvi 1. GİRİŞ ........................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Glycyrrhiza cinsinin ülkemizdeki ve dünyadaki genel taksonomik problemleri .. 8 2. KAYNAK ARAŞTIRMASI ..................................................................................... 10 2.1. Fabaceae familyasının dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki durumu ................................. 10 2.2. Papilionoideae alt familyası ve Galegeae tribusu hakkında genel bilgi .............. 22 2.3. Glycyrrhiza cinsi hakkında genel bilgi ................................................................ 25 2.3.1. Glycyrrhiza cinsinin dünyadaki ve ülkemizdeki genel durumu ................... 25 2.3.2. Glycrrhiza cinsinin biyolojik aktivitesi ile ilgili yapılan çalışmalar ............. 29 2.3.3. Glycyrrhiza cinsi üzerine yapılan moleküler çalışmalar ............................... 34 2.3.4. Fabaceae familyası ve Glycyrrhiza cinsi üzerine yapılan mikromorfolojik çalışmalar ................................................................................................................ 36 2.3.5. Glycyrrhiza cinsi üzerine yapılan karyolojik
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    Систематика, флористика, географія рослин Plant Taxonomy, Geography and Floristics https://doi.org/10.15407/ukrbotj75.04.305 Конспект родини Fabaceae у флорі України. II. Підродина Faboideae (триби Galegeae, Hedysareae, Loteae, Cicereae) Микола М. ФЕДОРОНЧУК, Сергій Л. МОСЯКІН Інститут ботаніки ім. М.Г. Холодного НАН України вул. Терещенківська, 2, Київ 01004, Україна Fedoronchuk M.M., Mosyakin S.L. A synopsis of the family Fabaceae in the flora of Ukraine. II. Subfamily Faboideae (tribes Galegeae, Hedysareae, Loteae, and Cicereae). Ukr. Bot. J., 2018, 75(4): 305–321. M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kyiv 01004, Ukraine Abstract. The article provides a synopsis of tribes Galegeae, Hedysareae, Loteae, Cicereae of Fabaceae subfam. Faboideae in the flora of Ukraine, with nomenclatural citations, types, and main synonyms. It is based on critical analysis of available data of taxonomic, morphological, and molecular phylogenetic studies. Tribe Galegeae is best represented in the flora of Ukraine, comprising 10 genera, including the most species-rich genus Astragalus (48 species). However, the number of genera in the tribe will be probably changed due to further results of morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies which already indicate possible inclusion of Calophaca and Halimodendron in Caragana s. l.; however, these data require confirmation. Tribe Loteae is accepted here in a wide circumscription, including Coronilleae, which is in accordance with results of new morphological and molecular studies. There are 9 genera (or 7, in a wider circumscription) in the tribe, but the number of natural genera in that group will be clarified after further studies.
  • Riparian Vegetation of the River Murray COVER: Healthy Red Gum in the Kex)Ndrook State Forest Near Barham N.S.W

    Riparian Vegetation of the River Murray COVER: Healthy Red Gum in the Kex)Ndrook State Forest Near Barham N.S.W

    Riparian Vegetation of The River Murray COVER: Healthy red gum in the Kex)ndrook State Forest near Barham N.S.W. Background, black box silhouette. PHOTO: D. Eastburn ISBN 1 R75209 02 6 RIVER MURRAY RIPARIAN VEGET ION STUDY PREPARED FOR: MURRAY-DARLING BASIN COMMISSION BY: MARGULES AND PARTNERS PTY LTD PAND J SMITH ECOLOGICAL CONSULTANTS DEPARTMENT OF CONSERVATION FORESTS AND LANDS VICTORIA January 1990 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS The River Murray Riparian Vegetation Survey was initiated by the Murray­ Darling Basin Commission t9 assessJhe present status ofthe vegetationalong the Murray, to identify causes ofdegradation, and to develop solutions for its rehabilitation and long term stability. The study area was the floodplain of the Murray River and its anabranches, including the Edward-Wakool system, from below Hume Dam to the upper end of Lake Alexandrina. The components of the study were: · Literature Review A comprehensive bibliography was compiled on the floodplain vegeta­ tion, its environment and the impact ofman's activities. The literature was reviewed and summarised. · Floristic Survey A field survey was carried out, visiting 112 sites throughout the study area and collecting vegetation data from 335 plots. Data collected were the species present, their relative abundance, the condition of the eucalypts, the amount ofeucalypt regeneration and indices ofgrazing pressure. Brief studies were made of the effects of river regulation and salinisation at specific sites. Thirty-seven plant communities were identified from a numerical analyis ofthe floristic survey data. The differences reflect environmental changes both along the river and across the floodplain. The most important factors were identified as soil salinity levels and flooding frequency.
  • Reconstructing the Deep-Branching Relationships of the Papilionoid Legumes

    Reconstructing the Deep-Branching Relationships of the Papilionoid Legumes

    SAJB-00941; No of Pages 18 South African Journal of Botany xxx (2013) xxx–xxx Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Reconstructing the deep-branching relationships of the papilionoid legumes D. Cardoso a,⁎, R.T. Pennington b, L.P. de Queiroz a, J.S. Boatwright c, B.-E. Van Wyk d, M.F. Wojciechowski e, M. Lavin f a Herbário da Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana (HUEFS), Av. Transnordestina, s/n, Novo Horizonte, 44036-900 Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil b Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, 20A Inverleith Row, EH5 3LR Edinburgh, UK c Department of Biodiversity and Conservation Biology, University of the Western Cape, Modderdam Road, \ Bellville, South Africa d Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, P. O. Box 524, 2006 Auckland Park, Johannesburg, South Africa e School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-4501, USA f Department of Plant Sciences and Plant Pathology, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA article info abstract Available online xxxx Resolving the phylogenetic relationships of the deep nodes of papilionoid legumes (Papilionoideae) is essential to understanding the evolutionary history and diversification of this economically and ecologically important legume Edited by J Van Staden subfamily. The early-branching papilionoids include mostly Neotropical trees traditionally circumscribed in the tribes Sophoreae and Swartzieae. They are more highly diverse in floral morphology than other groups of Keywords: Papilionoideae. For many years, phylogenetic analyses of the Papilionoideae could not clearly resolve the relation- Leguminosae ships of the early-branching lineages due to limited sampling.
  • BSBI News Back Panel of Referees and Specialists Catalogue with Google

    BSBI News Back Panel of Referees and Specialists Catalogue with Google

    CONTENTS Notes from the Receiving Editor............. 2 Vascular plant Red Data List: year 5 amendments Editorial..................................................... 3 ................ S.J. Leach & K.J. Walker 51 Marsh Botany Awards.............................. 4 New Flora of RHS Wisley and the Diary.......................................................... 4 host range of Lathraea clandestina Notes..................................................... 5-59 .........................................J. Armitage 57 Alopecurus aequalis at the Great Fen, Honorary membership..........T.G. Evans 59 Huntingdonshire. P. Stroh & M. Burton 5 Aliens.................................................. 60-78 Utricularia bremii in the New Forest Indian Balsam – triffid or treat? ...............................................M. Rand 8 .........................................J. Presland 60 Mire and wet heath restoration and Sedum kamtschaticum var. ellacombianum in management in Burnham Beeches. Johnston (v.c.45)..... S.D.S. Bosanquet 69 ....A.R. Westgarth-Smith, A. McVeigh Epilobium tournefortii...........M. Wilcox 70 .......................................& H.J. Read 10 Red Arum................................A. Galton 11 Focus on Apium leptophyllum Population structure and conservation of Genista .......................................E.J. Clement 76 anglica.....................................P.A. Vaughan 12 No future for Prunus mahaleb in Britain? Wild flower twitching.............C. Jacobs 17 .......................................E.J. Clement