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Unit 4.12 Marine Fishes Marine Science

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Marine Science Unit 4.12 Marine Fishes Entry Task(s) What characteristics would you use to classify the following organism? Marine Fishes Unit 4.12 Marine Fishes Vocabulary. • Using Chapter 12 (pgs. 296-317) of the textbook provide a definition for each term. • Be sure to complete the vocabulary as we progress through the unit, it will be checked prior to the assessment. Note: The “Unit 4.12 Marine Fishes Vocabulary” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Marine Fishes Fishes • Ancient group of animals whose origins date back more than 500 million years. • More than 25,000 species (freshwater & marine). • Astonishing variety of shapes, sizes, & colors • Most diverse group of vertebrates in the ocean & the world. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Barracuda_laban.jpg Marine Fishes What Are the Features of Protochordates & Jawless Fishes? • Vertebrates in the phylum Chordata. - Structures found in vertebrate embryos: hollow dorsal nerve cord & a notochord (flexible, rodlike structure). • Subgroup of protochordates. Marine Fishes What Are the Features of Protochordates & Jawless Fishes? • Of great scientific interest. - Ancestors evolutionary link between invertebrates & vertebrates. Marine Fishes Compare Protochordates WS. • Using Chapter 12 (pgs. 297-299) of the textbook complete the worksheet. • Follow the instructions provided on the worksheet. Note: The “Compare protochordates” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What are the four common characteristics found in all chordates at some point during development? • Notochord • Dorsal hollow nerve cord • Pharyngeal (gill) slits • Post-anal tail Do the following organisms retain the chordate characteristics? Explain. • Sea Squirt (tunicate) • Lancelet • Acorn Worm Video Lamprey: Ancient Bloodsucking Parasites | Earth Unplugged (8:26): Synopsis: Lamprey are infamous for their bloodsucking behaviour but little else is know about the life cycle of these ancient creatures. Lamprey are prehistoric animals that have a bad reputation as bloodsucking parasites but there's so much more to these animals than just their nightmarish mouth parts. Lizzie Daly travels to south west Ireland to find a Lamprey in the wild and learn more about this strange but fascinating species. Link @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FodQ96zZEnA&t=70s Video Discovery Channel features Eddie Kisfaludy and Hagfish (5:36): Synopsis: Discovery Channel and Pangolin Pictures present "Nasty by Nature" featuring Eddie Kisfaludy who presents Hagfish at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. Link @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bqk0mnMgwUQ Eddie Kisfaludy and the Hagfish (5:34): Synopsis: Eddie Kisfaludy who presents Hagfish at Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD. Link @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rE26tBwkz68 Marine Fishes Pet Store Brochure - Jawless Fish Instructions. • Log into google classroom & click on the assignment “Pet Store Brochure - Jawless Fish.” • Complete the brochure with the required information. Entry Task(s) Which of the protochordates retain the dorsal nerve cord, notochord, & gill slits into its adult form? • Lancelet • Acorn Worm What class are the jawless fishes placed in? • Agnatha Marine Fishes Agnatha: The Jawless Lampreys & Hagfish Existed as far back as 550 million years & still look quite ancient. • Most primitive of the vertebrates. • Adults retain their larval notochord for support of their long, flexible bodies. Do NOT have a lower jaw. • Have a sucker-like mouth with large teeth & rasp-like tongue. http://anintrospectiveworld.blogspot.com/2014/05/lamprey.html https://mistralmtn.blogspot.com/2013/03/hagfish-what-is-it.html Marine Fishes Agnatha: The Jawless Lampreys & Hagfish Body structure: • Flexible cartilage skeleton • Small fins • Elongated snake-like body Many lampreys & hagfish make the Great Lakes their home. http://dp0a.info/sea-lamprey-classification.html http://animalia-life.club/other/hagfish-anatomy.html Marine Fishes Agnatha: The Jawless Lampreys & Hagfish ExistedLive as parasitesas far back & ascan 550 grow million up to one meter. Travel by attaching to more mobile fish. Two types of jawless fish. • Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) • Hagfish - Pacific Hagfish (Eptatretus stoutii) - Atlantic Hagfish (Myxine glutinosa) https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/lamprey http://fishesofaustralia.net.au/home/species/1999 Marine Fishes Agnatha: The Jawless Lampreys & Hagfish Sea lamprey feeding • Uses sucking disk on mouth to attach to living trout or other host fish. • Teeth & rasping tongue make a hole in host. • Sucks blood & tissue from host. Does NOT have scales. Marine Fishes Agnatha: The Jawless Lampreys & Hagfish Hagfish feeding • Uses sharp teeth to burrow into the bodies of dead or dying fish. Hagfish• Feed defensefrom the inside out. Hagfish defense • Excretes a protein from glands along ventral side that reacts with seawater to form a thick slime. https://interestingengineering.com/slime-engineering-hagfish Marine Fishes Hagfish. Marine Fishes Complete the following pertaining to section 12.1. • Read pgs. 297-300 in the textbook. • Complete the following section review questions in your “Section Review” worksheet. 1) How can you tell tunicates & lancelets are protochordates? 2) Why are all fishes classified as vertebrates in phylum Chordata? 3) Why are lampreys & hagfish referred to as primitive fishes? Assessment MSS9-4.12 Marine Fishes Assessment_01 • Grab a copy of the assessment. • Only using your knowledge of what you have learned complete the assessment. • Once complete, raise your hand so I can collect your paper. Video Grab a copy of the “Mystery Sharks of Seattle” question worksheet from the front counter. Instructions: • Carefully watch the video. • Complete the questions as you find the answers in the video. • Turn in the question worksheet at the end of the period. Note: The “Mystery Sharks of Seattle” question worksheet can be located on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6601 Video Wildlife Detectives: Mystery Sharks of Seattle (51:09): Synopsis: One of the world's largest & most elusive predatory sharks, the sixgill, suddenly appears in Seattle's waters. These creatures typically dwell in darkness several thousands of feet beneath the surface. Little is known about them. What would make them appear in the shallows of Puget Sound? And what does it say about our oceans? Researchers are hunting for answers. Link @ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eQwThFPjdGM Entry Task(s) How would you classify the fish shown below? • Jawless Fish (Agnatha) How does the organism above feed? • Sucking disk on mouth attaches to host fish; teeth & rasping tongue make a hole; sucks blood & tissue from host. Marine Fishes “Conservation: Shark Attack or Attack on Sharks?” article Instructions: • Read the article highlighting or underlining key information. • Answer the questions following the article. Note: The “Conservation: Shark Attack or Attack on Sharks?” worksheet can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What is the term used for fast-moving fish? • Nekton or Pelagic What are the three major groups of cartilaginous fishes? • Sharks • Skates • Rays Marine Fishes Cartilaginous Fishes:Fishes Sharks & Rays Class of Chondrichthyes (“cartilage fishes”). • Cartilage makes up the entire skeleton of cartilaginous fishes. • Of the 25,000 species of fishes, the cartilaginous species consists of fewer than 700 species. • Ancient class that includes species of sharks, skates, & rays. Graphic Organizer Cartilaginous Fishes Graphic Organizer Instructions: • Read through the introduction to the graphic organizer. • Using pgs. 300-305 of the textbook, fill in the graphic organizer with crustacean information. Note: The “Cartilaginous Fishes” graphic organizer can be located in google classroom & on the Marine Science webpage @ link: https://www.steilacoom.k12.wa.us/Page/6828 Entry Task(s) What is the structure called that covers the gills of bony fish, but not cartilaginous fish? • Operculum What allows some bottom dwelling cartilaginous fish to continue breathing when lying on the bottom & not swimming? • Spiracles Marine Fishes Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fishes Placoid Scales • Small toothlike structures (scales) embedded in the skin, also called dermal denticles. • Point backward, from posterior to anterior feels rough (like sandpaper) https://erinmdillon.wordpress.com/2015/08/18/dermal-denticles-up-close-and-personal/ http://www.thesuperfins.com/why-is-shark-skin-so-rough/ Marine Fishes Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fishes • Breathe through visible or exposed gills slits. - No operculum. - Many sharks cannot force water over their gills to breathe, must keep swimming or rely on currents. https://www.flickr.com/photos/sharkpix/31094720390 www.johneasley.com Marine Fishes Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fishes • Bottom-dwelling cartilaginous fishes have a pair of dorsal breathing holes (spiracles). - Water flows through spiracles into gill chambers. - Can actively pump water. http://www.mesa.edu.au/seaweek2005/infosheet01.asp Marine Fishes Characteristics of Cartilaginous Fishes • Fins are more rigid than those of bony fish. - Rely on the lift of winglike pectoral fins that help prevent sinking. 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  • Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

    Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes

    See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311861377 Agnatha, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes Chapter · November 2016 CITATIONS READS 0 1,531 2 authors: Antonis Petrou Charitos Zapitis AP Marine Env.Consultancy Ltd & Enalia Physis Environmental Research Centre University of Derby 29 PUBLICATIONS 131 CITATIONS 1 PUBLICATION 0 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Lionfish in the Mediterranean View project PCY1 - Investigating the effects of recreational diving on the macroalgal communities of the 'Zenobia' shipwreck (Cyprus) View project All content following this page was uploaded by Charitos Zapitis on 24 December 2016. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Chapter 26 - Agnatha CHAPTER 26: AGNATHA, CHONDRICHTHYES AND OSTEICHTHYES FISHES Antonis Petrou and Charitos Zapitis 1. INTRODUCTION The classification of fishes is not straightforward since they do not form a natural scientific grouping like the other vertebrate classes, i.e. the amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. Indeed, fishes can be considered by exclusion to be vertebrates that are not tetrapods (see Chapter 25: Introduction to Vertebrates). They are aquatic, gill- bearing, ectothermic ('cold-blooded') animals with a distinguishable head and, when present, digit-less limbs. Traditionally, fish have been arranged into three groups: ➵ Agnatha 1, the jawless fish (Myxini [hagfishes] and Hyperoartia [lampreys]); ➵ Chondrichthyes, the cartilaginous fish (sharks, skates and rays); ➵ Osteichthyes, the bony fish (Actinopterygii [ray-finned fishes] and Sarcopterygii [lobe-finned fishes]). This classification is adequate for general purposes, although Agnatha is paraphyletic and includes several groups of extinct jawless fishes.