AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGY LAW SOCIETY

American Psychology-Law Society, Division 41, American NEWSPsychological Association Spring/Summer 1997 Vol. 17, No. 1

President’s Column AP-LS: A Professional Mosaic That Works Gail Goodman As part of the celebration, there will be an anniversary party free to all who are registered at the convention. Fitting The American Psychology Law Society (AP-LS) is a net- with the theme, Mark Small has organized a symposium work of scientists, practitioners, policy analysts, attorneys, on the History of Psycholegal Scholarship that will include and others who share interests in psychology and law. We papers by Tom Grisso (University of Massachusetts), Sol have a proud history and an exciting future. In all respects, Fulero (Sinclair College), and Larry Wrightsman (Univer- we have been incredibly successful as a society and APA sity of Kansas). (Sol Fulero is also writing a history of Di- division. vision 41 that will be published in an APA Publications book.) Each division was encouraged to invite luminaries Why does AP-LS work so well? AP-LS is unique in bring- in their respective fields to speak. Two psychology-law lu- ing together a diverse group of professionals joined by com- minaries who will provide invited addresses are John mon interests. We do not necessarily share the same focus: Monahan (University of Virginia) and Gary Melton (Uni- some of us are mainly involved in practice, others in re- versity of South Carolina). search, and still others in policy. We do not necessarily share the same training: Many of us are psychologists and/ A Division Fair will be held on August 17, which will be or attorneys, but others are judges, teachers, political sci- an all-day event. Thanks to Member at Large Pam Casey entists, psychiatrists, or even Secret Service agents. We (Center for State Courts), our booth at the fair will feature work in different contexts and settings, such as in univer- Division 41 materials (e.g., books, journals, career infor- sities, the criminal justice system, foundations, clinics, or mation, psych-law course syllabi). Even T-shirts with the private practice, and sometimes on behalf of different con- AP-LS logo will be on sale there. Continued on page 2 stituencies. And we live in different countries, including Germany, Spain, Canada, South Africa, The Netherlands, Inside... and Australia. Nevertheless, we are bound by a common interest in truth, justice, and the human mind. The com- Subliminal Messages: Judas Priest Trial ...... 3 monalities, tensions, and diversity inherent in our organi- Expert Opinion ...... 5 zation work well to create a stimulating mix. In this Presi- AP-LS Committee Chairs ...... 7 dential column, I want to highlight accomplishments of Book Review ...... 9 the year, activities in progress, and plans for the future. Executive Committee E-mail ...... 9 Continuing Education Opportunities ...... 10 1997 APA Convention in Chicago AP-LS Announcements ...... 15 Ira Packer (Forensic Health Services, Massachusetts) and Minutes from AP-LS Meeting ...... 16 Edie Greene (University of Colorado, Colorado Springs), AP-LS Deadlines ...... 19 co-chairs of the 1997 APA program committee, deserve Call for Papers ...... 20 many thanks for putting together an exciting program. Two Research Opportunities ...... 21 themes are featured this year by APA. One theme is the 1998 Biennial Conference ...... 21 Gala Celebration of Divisions in honor of the establish- APA Division 41 Convention Program...... 23 ment of APA divisions 50 years ago. Margaret Coggins Student Column ...... 28 and Marisa Pynchon, psychologists employed at the US Fellowships and Positions ...... 29 Secret Service, are coordinating Division 41’s activities. Call for Nominations...... 33 AP-LS Membership Application ...... 36 President’s Column EC Meeting: The Future of AP-LS and More AP-LS: A Professional Mosaic That Works Each year in early Spring, the EC Continued from page 1 meets to attend to division business. Our EC meeting this year was held in Our social hour at the convention will AP-LS Biennial San Francisco; the minutes of which also carry through with the Gala Cel- Conference In appear in this newsletter. One item on ebration theme. We have ordered a the EC meeting agenda was to begin plaque, paid for by APA, that will in- Redondo Beach, CA a discussion of The Future of AP-LS. clude the names of all past presidents Thanks to Beth Wiggins (Federal Ju- It seems time to take stock, reflect on of Division 41. The plaque, which will dicial Center) and Melissa Warren our past and present, and plan for the be on display at the social hour, will (American Psychological Associa- future. The EC is considering hold- eventually be housed at APA head- tion), our two program chairs, we are ing a retreat for the purpose of in- quarters in Washington, DC. We want set for the next AP-LS Biennial Con- depth discussion of future directions to invite all past presidents to attend ference, to be held March 5 - 7, 1998. for our division. We are also discuss- and to be honored at the social hour. We have secured a wonderful loca- tion and hotel for the conference. The ing the possibility of sponsoring a joint conference with the European Asso- The second APA theme concerns rac- location is the marina in Redondo ciation of Psychology and Law. In ism. Each division was invited to Beach, CA. When I visited the hotel addition, representatives of APA, in- sponsor symposia dealing in some way in January, I could see Catalina Is- cluding such division members as with this pernicious problem. Melissa land from my room, and in March, Past-President Kirk Heilbrun (Allegh- Warren (American Psychological As- we may be able to see whales saunter eny University), Past-Past President sociation) will chair our division sym- by. The hotel adjoins a Gold’s Gym, Jane Goodman-Delahunty (a psy- posium on racism. Her symposium has an outdoor deck for a conference chologist and judge), and William deals with ethnic minorities in prison. luncheon, and boasts a fabulous view of the southern California coastline. Foote (chair of APA’s COLI), are cur- rently holding meetings with repre- In addition to organizing activities to There are numerous restaurants sentatives of the American Bar Asso- correspond to the two APA themes, nearby, and for those who don’t mind ciation to plan joint APA-ABA activi- we have invited a number of speakers a short drive (i.e., about 15 minutes), ties, which may well involve AP-LS. and symposia this year: For instance, one can easily dine at some of the ex- Susan Limber (University of South cellent Santa Monica restaurants as As was clear from reports presented Carolina) will give an invited address well. At the last Biennial meeting, at the EC meeting, we continue to as the winner of the Saleem Shah many of you completed a survey con- sponsor a large number of programs, Award, which was bestowed this year cerning your priorities for conference awards, and committees, including for policy work; Bette Bottoms (Uni- sites. One of the top priorities was a (but not limited to) Congressional versity of Illinois, Chicago) will speak reasonably priced hotel. Another was Briefings (chair Gary Melton, Univer- on ritual abuse, therapeutic practices, a warm location and proximity to a sity of South Carolina), Dissertation and repressed memories; Edie Greene major airport. We tried to accommo- Awards (chair Caton Roberts, Univer- (University of Colorado, Colorado date these preferences (New Orleans sity of Wisconsin), Grants in Aid Springs) will chair a symposium on was problematic in part due to the (chair Larry Heuer, Columbia Univer- capital punishment, Alan Goldstein high and intractable cost of hotels.) sity), Membership Committee (chair will give an invited address as the re- Diane Follingstad, University of South cipient of the American Academy in Look for the Biennial Conference Carolina), White Paper Committee Forensic Psychology Award for Dis- Call for Papers in this newsletter. We (chair Rich Wiener, St. Louis Univer- tinguished Contributions, and welcome submissions from everyone sity), and Fellows Committee (chair Mitchell Eisen (Mt. Sinai Medical interested. In addition, President- Murray Levine, SUNY-Buffalo). At Center) will chair a symposium on Elect Jack Brigham (Florida State the recent EC meeting, we established suggestibility in children’s testimony. University) and I plan to invite a a new committee, to be chaired by There will be many other talks and number of distinguished scientists to Member at Large Patty Griffin, to activities, of course, and I hope Divi- present their research and organize oversee our various conference activi- sion 41 members will make special ef- symposia. There is room for many ties. I also want to mention that Lori forts to attend them. more presentations, and we hope you will help us make the conference an Butts (Hahneman/Villenova Univer- sity) is to be commended for taking The AP-LS NEWS is published 3-4 electrifying event. on the role of chair of our student sec- times a year by the American Psychol- ogy-Law Society/Division 41 of the tion a year earlier than expected. American Psychological Association, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. MHH- 115, Tampa, FL 33612-3899. Continued on page 31 Page 2 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Subliminal Messages Scientific Consensus & Expert Testimony: Lessons from the Judas Priest Trial* Timothy E. Moore but the courtroom is a different kind the shootings took place in December of forum. It is adversarial in nature. 1985. It was alleged that a particular The face of Jesus was ‘discovered’ in What happens to scientific consensus phrase in one of their songs (“Better a forkful of spaghetti in a Pizza Hut in court, especially if scientific infor- by You Better Than Me”) on the al- billboard advertisement in DeKalb mation is distorted, misrepresented, or bum triggered a suicidal impulse. The County, Georgia in May of 1991. Joyce perhaps not science at all? Peter Huber phrase at issue was “Do It.” In isola- Simpson said she was debating has described what he calls “junk sci- tion, this phrase has little meaning whether to quit her church choir as ence” (Huber, 1991), and according unless there is some antecedent to she was leaving a gas station, when to Huber junk science may (and often which the “It” refers. Moreover, the she felt compelled to look up. “And I does) wreak havoc with scientific in- antecedent could not have been any- saw Christ’s face,” she said (Guevara- tegrity and with justice. thing that was audible on the record Castro & Viele, 1991). Subsequently, (or visible on the album cover), be- dozens of motorists claimed to have Can a subliminal mes- cause such material would have been seen Jesus shrouded in spaghetti and protected by the First Amendment. tomato sauce on the chain’s billboard. sage induce someone to Consequently the plaintiffs were in the God works in mysterious ways but this commit suicide? This difficult position of having to ac- tactic seems unnecessarily convoluted. was the central question knowledge that the boys were suicidal On the other hand, compared to be- at the Judas Priest trial. to begin with, and that the subliminal ing abducted by aliens, seeing a face phrase “Do It” triggered the already in a blob of spaghetti is small pota- existing disposition. toes. This article explores the issue of junk First Amendment Sometimes perceptual illusions or science in the context of a specific trial Protection & the Denial of faulty reasoning can have more per- -- namely the Judas Priest trial that Summary Judgment nicious consequences. For example, in unfolded in Reno Nevada in the sum- The defendants denied any and all 1986 a Philadelphia jury awarded a mer of 1990. Two teenage boys, James knowledge of subliminal messages, woman over $900,000 in damages Vance and Ray Belknap, had at- and denied having engaged in any because she claimed her psychic pow- tempted suicide. At the time of the tricks or mischief during production ers had been damaged during a CAT- shootings, Belknap died instantly. of the record. Nevertheless, the case scan conducted at Temple University Vance was severely injured but he went to trial. The defense was unsuc- Medical School (New York Times, lived, only to die of drug complica- cessful in arguing that all speech (in- March 29, 1986). Her complaint was tions three years later. The plaintiffs cluding subliminal speech) should en- supported by the ‘expert’ testimony of (the boys’ parents) alleged that sub- joy first amendment protection. In a a doctor. Unfounded fears are not un- liminal messages hidden in the heavy pre-trial motion, Justice Jerry Carr usual, but when they are afforded fur- metal rock music that James Vance Whitehead ruled that subliminal ther esteem by a credulous judge or and Ray Belknap listened to had con- speech does not deserve protection jury we risk surrender to the irratio- tributed to their suicidal impulse. This because it does not perform any of the nal. What the courts take seriously is trial is interesting for a number of rea- functions that free speech accom- believed to be serious by the common sons. First, it provides a classic ex- plishes. Since the recipient of a sub- citizen. While science can supposedly ample of junk science. Second, the liminal message is unaware of it, the provide some protection against liti- trial established a legal precedent that message can’t contribute to dialogue, gious foolishness, sometimes science has already influenced the ruling in a the pursuit of truth, the marketplace itself seems to be part of the problem. similar subsequent suit. Third, it pro- of ideas, or personal autonomy. There vides a good forum for illustrating is no information exchange. No argu- How do scientific beliefs influence some important and often misunder- ments are possible if recipients are courtroom deliberations? More spe- stood aspects of subliminal perception. cifically, what happens to an extraor- unaware of the message’s presence. dinary claim when it plays a pivotal Judas Priest was a British heavy metal Continued on page 4 role in a high-stakes criminal trial? rock band -- one of the first of that *This article was originally Within the scientific community there genre. Their popularity peaked in the published in the Skeptical Inquirer, are accepted methods and procedures mid -70’s. The album in question 1996, 20, 32-38. It is reprinted with for establishing the truth or falsity of (Stained Class) was produced in 1978; permission of the author and an extravagant claim (Gardner, 1981), publisher. AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 3 Subliminal Messages to judge the lives of the decedents or evaluate their families.” (Vance v. Ju- Scientific Consensus & Expert Testimony: das Priest, 1990, p. 2-3) The plain- Lessons from the Judas Priest Trial tiffs were obliged, however, to ac- knowledge some degree of risk, oth- Continued from page 3 erwise the “Do It’s” would have been People also have a right, the judge to a mechanical defect rather than to meaningless. What were some of these added, to be free from unwanted operator error. It may also be more risk factors? According to the clini- speech. Since subliminal materials appealing and more lucrative to law- cal psychologist who testified for the cannot be avoided, they constitute an yers interested in liability. Liability defense, both boys had serious long- invasion of privacy. For all these rea- science often assumes that every ill has term adjustment problems. Both were sons, subliminals were not afforded a distant cause -- often a technologi- violent and abusive in their relation- First Amendment protection (Vance v. cal cause. Food additives, environ- ships. They felt socially alienated; they Judas Priest, 1989b). This ruling mental toxins, and mechanical defects were emotionally distressed, often de- makes logical sense if a subliminal have all been alleged culprits in liabil- pressed, and impulsive. Vance once message could have the power attrib- ity suits within the last two decades. broke another student’s jaw in a fight uted to it by the plaintiffs. The plain- The Judas Priest suit was a product at school. Both had a history of drug tiffs thus achieved a major victory in liability case. An allegedly defective abuse, petty crime, school failure, and getting the case to trial in the first product was placed on the market and unemployment. Family backgrounds place. it caused harm. According to Timo- were violent and punitive. Belknap thy Post, one of the plaintiffs’ lawyers, had attempted suicide before and had While First Amendment protection the subliminal message triggered the expressed suicidal intentions. Just has never been absolute, the excep- suicides. The defense denied placing prior to the shootings, Belknap gave tions have been narrow and carefully any subliminal messages, and further out some of his Christmas presents limited. Speech that is obscene, libel- contended that subliminal stimuli are early, and indicated a desire for his ous, or an incitement to lawlessness not capable of compelling any behav- sister to name her baby after him if is not protected by the First Amend- iors, let alone suicidal ones. anything happened to him. Most of ment. Justice Whitehead’s ruling pro- these factors were mentioned by the vided another exception -- subliminal One of the threats to scientific integ- judge in his final ruling. They were speech. We may not have seen the last rity mentioned by Huber (1991) has included “reluctantly” to show that the of trials concerning allegations about to do with abandoning the usual sci- deceased were at high suicide risk (see subliminal influences (Dee, 1994). A entific meaning of the term causality. Litman & Farberow, 1994). Was this few months after Judas Priest’s acquit- From a scientific perspective, we typi- a reasoned departure from the “sub- tal, Michael Waller, the son of a Geor- cally want to understand a phenom- verted causality” that often typifies li- gia minister, shot himself in the head enon by discovering all the causal fac- ability cases? Who can say? The con- while listening to Ozzie Osbourne’s tors that contribute to it. According cession may simply have been an ar- record Suicide Solution. His parents to Huber, however, liability science tifact of the logical necessity for the claimed that subliminal messages may has its own rules. Liability science plaintiffs to recognize the high-risk have influenced his actions. The judge likes to simplify matters. A specific status of the boys. At any rate, mul- in that trial granted the summary judg- potential cause is selected and other tiple causes were recognized, albeit ment because the plaintiffs could not contributing factors are ignored. It is somewhat grudgingly. The judge show that there was any subliminal assumed that no other variables were stated that “[t]here exist other factors material on the record. He noted how- operating except the one of interest. which explain the conduct of the de- ever, that if they had shown that sub- The standard scientific approach is ceased independent of the subliminal liminal content had been present, they abandoned. Multiple risks are disre- stimuli . . . [t]he deceased had pro- would not have received protection garded -- especially obvious, ubiqui- pensities which made them a high under the First Amendment because tous, taken-for-granted risks -- and all suicide risk.” (Vance v. Judas Priest, subliminal messages are, in principle, attention is focused on remote and 1990, p. 31-32) false, misleading or extremely limited (perhaps) implausible causes that im- in their social value (Waller v. plicate negligence on the part of some- The Plaintiffs’ Experts Osbourne, 1991). Justice Whitehead’s one else. The pursuit of isolated, distant and ruling in the Judas Priest trial was mysterious causes for various mishaps cited to support his position. There was some evidence of this ap- sometimes results in a search for dis- proach at the Judas Priest trial -- the tant and mysterious experts. Experts tendency to subvert the meaning of Liability ‘Science’ are invited to provide support for the causality -- at the Judas Priest trial. If a car accident causes severe injury contentious claim. When courts are In his final ruling, the judge explic- or death, it may be more appealing and tolerant of a subverted sense of the more comforting to the driver if the itly stated “the deceased and their par- cause of the accident can be attributed ents are not on trial. The court is not Continued on page 6 Page 4 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Expert Opinion A Threat to Public Safety The Question You have been retained to evaluate a police officer who has been suspended due to bizarre and aggressive behavior. Specifically, you have been hired to render an opinion as to whether or not he is fit to return to duty. After completing your evaluation, you have concluded that the officer has a delusional disorder and believes that people have been plotting against him. Although he has made no direct threats, he has implied that he may take aggressive action if injustices against him do not stop. Upon informing the officer of your findings, and your inability to support his return to duty, he begins to accuse you of conspiring against him as well. In the weeks after your evaluation, you receive a number of vaguely threatening letters and telephone calls implying that you and your family are in danger.

Given the potential threat towards you and your family, you would like to file a criminal complaint and perhaps seek an order of protection or even involuntary psychiatric hospitalization. The officer, however, has informed you that he does not intend to use your evaluation and prohibits you from discussing the case or your evaluation with anyone.

• Does confidentiality prohibit you from informing the police of the threats against you? Assuming you cannot justify a criminal complaint without disclosing confidential information, what are your legal options? Does a Tarasoff duty to protect apply in the context of a forensic evaluation? And does it apply when the potential victim is the clinician? Can you ever seek involuntary hospitalization for someone you evaluate in a forensic context, when the person is not your patient? The Response The response is from Donald to disclose to the relevant authorities From a practice perspective, these Bersoff, Director of the Law-Psy- what is transpiring, akin to a court- kinds of cases are best dealt with by chology Program at Villanova ordered evaluation. The facts, as foreseeing problems, not attempting Law School/Allegheny University. stated, are a bit ambiguous about the to deal with them after the fact. The retention issue but the author of the evaluator can anticipate that the ex- Dilemmas, by definition, are not dilemma informs me that the police aminee may be severely mentally ill easily resolved and lend themselves department told the officer to obtain and as a result of that mental illness to different courses of action, each an evaluation, to be paid for by the may present a serious risk of violence. of which may be deemed reasonable. department, but did not refer the of- Armed with that knowledge, the I view the ethical conflict here as ficer to the evaluator. Although some evaluator can then decide what lim- between the professional’s obliga- ambiguity thus remains, to make the its to confidentiality he/she wants to tion of fidelity to one’s client, in- dilemma more difficult, I will assume impose on the examinee. Because the cluding the obligation to protect in- that the relationship between the of- relationship is a private, contractual timate disclosures obtained in the ficer and the evaluator is a private one one (even though there may be no course of the evaluation, versus the and that the officer could, indeed, have formal written agreement), the evalu- right of each of us to defend our- prevented the evaluator from making ator is entitled to develop some rules selves against threats of force and the assessment available to the depart- for the relationship before agreeing to protect the lives of other, inno- ment (although I doubt he could pre- to undertake the requested task. For cent people. The problem in this vent the evaluator from talking to any- example, the parties can agree that case is to determine whether both one about the case (e.g., his/her own the evaluator would be able to divulge of these interests may be satisfied. attorney). The other crucial facts are any information that would endan- that the police officer was suspended, ger the public safety. The APA code In guiding us to a possible resolu- which requires that the officer surren- of conduct (APA, 1992) would not tion some facts become crucial. der his weapon (confirmed again with preclude such disclosures. For good First, one must know by whom the the author), and that the evaluator or ill, the code does not make confi- psychologist was retained. If a gov- knew that the officer was suspended dentiality an absolute value and its ernmental agency asked for this because of the officer’s suspected bi- breach a per se ethical violation (Prin- evaluation, it would seem that there zarre and aggressive behavior. With ciple 5.02). It does require the evalu- would be no expectation of confi- these three facts in mind, a reason- ator to disclose the limits of confi- dentiality on the part of the exam- able analysis is possible. dentiality as early as possible in the inee and the evaluator would be free professional relationship (Principles Continued on page 31

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 5 Subliminal Messages suicide. The fallacy lies in assuming versed speech (see Vokey & Read, 1985). Continued from page 4 that an imperative message has some inherently motivating effect. His po- meaning of causality, they may also sition also required the assumption Scientific Opinion be tolerant of fringe experts. There that a suicidal disposition requires a vs. Scientific Evidence were several at this trial. One of them trigger or precipitant in order to be was Wilson Key. He is the man who The judge may have been seduced by acted on. This assumption does not psychodynamics, but perhaps not en- pretty much single-handedly popular- square with the research literature on ized the myth of subliminal advertis- tirely convinced. Although Shevrin adolescent suicide (Maris, 1981). was successful in helping obtain the ing. He sees subliminal conspiracies Shevrin was nevertheless persuasive. everywhere (Key, 1973; 1976; 1980; exception to First Amendment protec- He provided an apparently respectable tion, he did not prevail during the ac- 1989), so it was not surprising that he conceptual framework for explaining was present to support the plaintiffs’ tual trial. The ruling about sublimi- how a such a mysterious and almost nal effects stated: “The scientific re- claims. While Key provided extensive magical force could operate. pre-trial testimony, his contribution to search presented does not establish that subliminal stimuli, even if per- the actual trial was negligible. It is The Defendants’ Experts possible that he undermined his own ceived, may precipitate conduct of this credibility with the court by opining Three experts were called by the de- magnitude. . . . [t]he strongest evi- that subliminal messages could be fense: myself, Anthony Pratkanis (a dence presented at the trial showed no found on Ritz crackers, the Sistine professor of social psychology from behavioral effects other than anxiety, Chapel, Sears’ catalogues, and the the University of California at Santa distress or tension.” (Vance v. Judas NBC evening news. He also asserted Cruz), and Don Read (a cognitive psy- Priest, 1990, p. 31) The judge’s con- that “science is pretty much what you chologist from the University of clusion about subliminal effects is not can get away with at any point in Lethbridge). I testified about method- too far from the consensus to be found time.” ological and interpretational flaws in among most cognitive psychologists. some specific investigations of sub- Well-established subliminal effects are The most influential expert to testify liminal auditory stimuli (e.g., Borgeat rather modest in their magnitude and for the plaintiffs was Howard Shevrin, & Chaloult, 1985; Borgeat, Elie, nature -- semantic activation of single whose credentials were unassailable. Chaloult, & Chabot, 1985; Henley, words under highly constrained con- He has conducted research on sublimi- 1975) and about the dubious empiri- ditions (see Holender, 1986). To quote nal influences for over twenty years cal foundation underlying from a recent influential review: and has a respectable track record of psychodynamic constructs. It was my “...unconscious cognition is severely publications in peer-reviewed books opinion that there was no scientific limited in its analytic capability” and journals (e.g., Shevrin, 1988). support for the proposition that sub- (Greenwald, 1992, p. 775). Shevrin’s argument was that sublimi- liminal directives could induce behav- nal commands are especially potent iors of any kind, let alone suicide. At one point during pre-trial testi- because the recipient is unaware of Pratkanis reiterated some of the main mony, Bill Peterson (one of the defense their source and attributes the direc- points of my testimony regarding the counsels) asked Shevrin to describe tive or the imperative to himself -- to history of research on subliminal in- the empirical basis for his opinion: his own inner motivational state. fluence, and described a recently con- “What experiments are you referring While there is a certain logic to this, ducted experiment (since published) to when you say you’re referring to a Shevrin was hard pressed to describe showing that subliminal self-help body of literature, experiments on any research that supported his opin- tapes were ineffective (Pratkanis, which you base your conclusion that ion. The argument also presupposes Eskenazi, & Greenwald, 1994). He subliminal messages may be sufficient that a command or directive is inher- also expressed additional misgivings to induce suicidal behavior?” ently compelling -- that because it is about the validity of the Borgeat stud- an imperative in a linguistic or syn- ies -- studies Shevrin had cited as sup- “I’m basing my opinion, my expert tactic sense, it compels compliance in portive of his position. Pratkanis re- judgment, on a corpus of literature, a psychological sense. According to sisted the intimation by the plaintiffs’ on hundreds of experiments”, said Shevrin, when we consciously expe- lawyers that scientific findings were Shevrin. rience a command, we can ignore or not of an enduring nature -- that what comply with commands as we see fit, is known today may be abandoned and “Name one,” said Mr. Peterson. but if the command is subliminal, it replaced by a new opinion tomorrow. (Vance v. Judas Priest, 1989a, p. 138- may become part of our ongoing Finally, Don Read provided an elo- 139). stream of motives, feelings, and in- quent description of research on the ner promptings. It can therefore add comprehension and retention of re- Shevrin eventually alluded to three or an increment to any current predis- four studies (e.g., Kupper & Gerard, position that may be present, such as 1990; Silverman, 1982; Smith, Continued on page 7 Page 6 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Continued from page 6 Greenwald, 1994; Russell, Rowe, & is because it already resides in court Smouse, 1991). in the form of pre-existing beliefs Spence, & Klein, 1959) -- none of about the phenomenon at issue. which demonstrated anything re- While Shevrin’s testimony may have The judge’s beliefs about subliminal motely close to subliminal commands been logical, it was not good science. perception are reflected in his ruling influencing motives. In fact, very few The judge, to his credit, appears to published studies have attempted to have made a distinction between a sci- use subliminal directives, and those entific opinion based on personal con- that have used them produced singu- The judge’s conclusion viction and the logic of larly uncompelling evidence for sub- psychodynamics, and one based on about subliminal effects is liminal influences on intentionality empirical support. not too far from the con- (e.g., Zuckerman, 1960; see Moore [1982] for commentary). sensus to be found Pseudoscience among most cognitive Shevrin’s position was supportive of Up to this point, science has not fared psychologists. the plaintiffs’ claims. Moreover, if badly. With respect to causality, the logically extended, it constituted an judge found that there were factors that denied summary judgment and in endorsement of auditory subliminal independent of the subliminal stimuli his final judgment. In the latter he pro- self-help tapes. If Shevrin’s position that made the decedents a high sui- vided what he called a “history of sub- were valid, subliminal self-help tapes cide risk. With respect to the scien- liminal stimuli”. The title itself reveals should be effective for a substantial tific literature, he found that the re- some confusion. It is not the history number of people. Users are predis- search had not established that sub- of subliminal perception, nor the his- posed and some may even be preoc- liminal stimuli could have the sorts tory of subliminal influences, but cupied with changing their behavior of effects postulated by the plaintiffs. rather the history of subliminal in the direction of the affirmations on There were other aspects of the case, stimuli. The difference is not irrel- the tapes. Those messages should, however, in which scientific thinking evant. Determining the subliminality therefore, according to Shevrin’s fared less well. Pseudoscience some- of a stimulus requires some labor in- logic, alter and increase the listeners’ times plays a role in court because of tensive scientific analysis. The arbi- inner motives. There is ample evi- dubious ‘experts’ who are willing to trary and capricious use of the phrase dence, however, that subliminal self- attest to just about anything. In these “subliminal stimuli” by journalists help tapes are therapeutically useless situations, junk science appears in (and some social scientists) has re- (Greenwald, Spangenberg, Pratkanis, court because experts have been in- sulted in frequent reports of “sublimi- & Eskenazi, 1991; Merikle, 1988; vited to educate the judge and/or jury. nal” effects in the absence of any dem- Merikle & Skanes, 1992; Moore, The court has (perhaps unwittingly) onstration of subliminality. 1988; Pratkanis, Eskenazi, & imported junk science. Another rea- son that junk science gets into court Continued on page 8 AP-LS Committee Chairs & Others

Committee Chair E-mail Address • Scientific Review Paper Committee ...... Rich Wiener ...... [email protected] • Careers and Training Committee ...... Edie Greene ...... [email protected] • Biennial Chairs ...... Beth Wiggins ...... [email protected] • Committee on Ethnic Minority Affairs ...... Allen Brown...... [email protected] • Educational Outreach Committee ...... Sol Fulero...... [email protected] • AP-LS Book Series/Publications Editor ...... Ron Roesch ...... [email protected] • APA Council Representative ...... Tom Grisso ...... [email protected] • Committee for Forensic Psychology as a Specialty ...... Kirk Heilbrun...... [email protected] • Law and Human Behavior Editor ...... Rich Wiener ...... [email protected] • Grants-in-Aid ...... Larry Heuer ...... [email protected] • Dissertation Awards ...... Caton Roberts ...... [email protected] • Women in Law Committee ...... Beth Wiggins ...... [email protected] • APA Program Chairs ...... Ira Packer ...... [email protected] Edie Greene ...... [email protected] • Chair of AP-LS/APA Liaison Committee ...... Marsha Liss ...... [email protected] • Division Administrative Secretary ...... Cathy Oslzly ...... [email protected] • Fellows Committee ...... Murray Levine ...... [email protected] • Committee on Law and Psychology in Corrections ..... Melissa Warren ...... [email protected] Steve Norton ...... 507/287-0674. ext. 140 (no E-mail)

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 7 Subliminal Messages lar, simplified, and exaggerated no- below a threshold of subjective or phe- Continued from page 7 tion of subliminal persuasion is re- nomenal awareness, but above an ob- flected in some of the other rulings jective detection or discrimination What information formed the basis of and it is in these rulings that scien- threshold. In other words, subliminal the judge’s beliefs about subliminal tific truth was less well-served. Here perception is not perception in the ab- perception? The references consisted is what needed to be demonstrated by sence of stimulus detection. It occurs of several book chapters or articles the plaintiffs: when our introspective reports are at from law journals, written by lawyers. odds with or discrepant with objective He also cited information obtained 1. An inaudible (but technically measures of detection. It is not unusual from: Saturday Review, NY Times, identifiable) “message” was for subjects to profess to be guessing Omni, Time, High Times, and TV physically present on the or to claim ignorance of a stimulus’ Guide. The law articles, plus many of recording. identity, when they are nevertheless the magazine articles contain numer- 2. The message was deliberately making use of stimulus information. ous references to James Vicary and placed there. What this means is that no amount of Wilson Key. Key’s expertise has al- 3. The message was subliminal. expensive hardware or analyses of the ready been described. Who was James 4. The message contributed to signal can tell us if a signal is sub- Vicary? In September of 1957 James suicides. liminal. Subliminality can only be Vicary claimed to have conducted a determined by an analysis of the per- study in Fort Lee, New Jersey, in As we have already seen, the judge ceptual consequences of stimulation. which he projected the subliminal rejected the fourth proposition, but Signal detection methods in which the messages “Eat Popcorn” and “Drink what of the other three? The judge as- human perceptual system is used as Coke” onto a movie screen during sumed that the technical presence of the measuring instrument might have movie showings to audiences (see a “message” (item 1) was synonymous provided a clearer picture of whether Moore, 1982, Pratkanis, 1992; with its being subliminal (item 3). the recording in question actually con- Rogers, 1993). Initial press releases This assumption is the result of the tained a detectable message that could reported that over 45,000 people had mythological heritage of Vicary and conceivably have influenced behavior been tested in this way and that on- all the media coverage since then. The (e.g., Merikle, 1988; Moore, 1995). site sales had increased dramatically. judge’s ruling stated that “ . . . the ‘Do Five years later Vicary acknowledged It’s’ on the record were subliminal A physical analysis of the signal is not that he had had only a small amount because they were only discernible necessarily completely uninformative. of data -- too small to be meaningful. after their location had been identi- Such an analysis could help determine Soon after that he dropped out of sight fied and after the sounds were isolated the presence of a signal which might, completely. At best this so-called study and amplified. The sounds would not after further analysis, turn out to be was a shallow and meaningless em- be consciously discernible to the or- subliminal. The judge assumed that pirical exercise. At worst, it was a dinary listener under normal listen- if an inaudible signal was present, that complete fabrication (Rogers, 1993). ing conditions.” (Vance v. Judas signal was therefore subliminal even Media coverage was nevertheless Priest, 1990, p. 18). The problem is though neither the plaintiffs nor the heavy, and continues to this day. Sur- that sounds which are not consciously defense presented evidence establish- veys have demonstrated that there is discernible are not necessarily uncon- ing subliminality. It should be empha- widespread belief in subliminal ma- sciously discernible either. Many sized that even if subliminality had nipulation, and that the techniques are stimuli are not consciously discernible been established, it would not neces- “taught” in high school and college because they fall outside the range of sarily follow that the message would courses (Block & Vanden Bergh, our sensory apparatus. Consequently have the influence attributed to it by 1985; Synodinos, 1988; Zanot, they do not initiate any neurological Shevrin. His claim, however, could Pincus, & Lamp, 1983). activity -- conscious or unconscious. have been obviated by the finding that The error consists of equating the the signal was not, in fact, sublimi- Implicit, if not explicit in both physical presence of the signal with nal. Vicary’s alleged demonstration, as subliminality. well as media descriptions of the phe- Was the signal deliberately placed nomenon, is the assumption that in- Physical Presence vs. there? Who can say? The judge’s opin- visible or inaudible stimuli are inevi- Psychological ion was that the signal at issue was tably unconsciously perceived. Por- simply a coincidental convergence of tions of the judge’s ruling reflect this Consequence a guitar chord with an exhalation pat- assumption. His historical review of Empirical studies of subliminal per- tern. Under what circumstances could subliminal stimuli is more a review ception indicate that, with rare excep- one confidently infer purposeful de- of media coverage of the topic rather tions, the phenomenon appears to be ception? Conceivably, the length and than a scientific history, let alone a confined to a certain range of stimu- complexity of an inaudible signal recent scientific appraisal. This popu- lus intensities (Cheesman & Merikle, 1986). This range places the stimulus Continued on page 12

Page 8 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Book Review Assessing Allegations of Child Sexual Abuse Gerald P. Koocher shifting) that confront mental health or assessment strategies of little or no professionals in this arena, and validity. For example, instead of tell- Review of Assessing Allegations of chronicle key developmental factors ing readers that one projective instru- Child Sexual Abuse, by K. Kuehnle. including the key issues of memory ment touted by its author as useful in (Professional Resource Press, 380 and suggestibility. Other chapters fo- assessing abused children is highly pages). To order, contact Profes- cus on practice applications including questionable to outright inappropriate, sional Resource Press at 941-366- structuring the interview, assessment she simply notes that “...empirical 7913. techniques, assessing veracity of data does (sic) not exist...” (p. 339) to children’s statements, use on anatomi- support the claim. As noted above, There are few more difficult forensic cally detailed dolls, use of standard- Kuehnle is too nice. minefields for mental health profes- ized tests, and projective testing. sionals than the assessment of alleged Twenty-five appendices summarize This book is destined to become the child sexual abuse. The victim is usu- assessment tools, sample form letters, defacto standard reference for child ally the only witness to the abuse. The and even a list of resources for fami- sexual abuse assessment. It will be threats are generally substantial and lies and professionals. Scores of use- widely used by attorneys and forensic explicit. Children’s capacity to express ful tables, charts, and graphs compar- experts to review and assess the thor- themselves, resist adult coercion, dem- ing, summarizing, and analyzing the oughness and scientific validity of fo- onstrate consistent recall, and over- extant behavioral science literature rensic child sexual abuse evaluations. come a plethora of developmental bar- abound in every chapter. The complex Any clinician not familiar with the riers necessary to present a convinc- material is particularly well-integrated content will unprepared for cross-ex- ing legal case is often halting at best. and easy to locate. amination and subject to considerable n After the most tentative of disclosures embarrassment on the witness stand. child victims may be subjected to a Kuehnle is a University of Minnesota The AP-LS Newsletter publishes re- series of prolonged and invasive in- Ph.D., which helps to explain both her views of books, tests, and measures terviews and examinations, that may rigorous approach to assessment and in the broad area of psychology and law. Those wishing to have their pub- themselves constitute a kind of strong foundation in child develop- lication reviewed should contact iatrogenic abuse. Add to the complex ment. She is in full-time independent Randy Otto prior to sending materi- equation a bevy of doctrinaire practice in Tampa, Florida, where her als at 813/974-9296 or via the Inter- Procrustean clinicians who see abuse practice is focused on the evaluation net/E-mail at: [email protected]. around every corner or reject it 99% and treatment of abused and allegedly of the time, and stand every ready to abused children. Executive Committee give “expert testimony” in support of E-mail Addresses their predetermined views. Even How can a book review be believed • President: Gail Goodman among skilled and thoughtful child- unless at least a few flaws are detected? [email protected] clinicians the complex factors of de- I have only two minor complaints • Past President: Kirk Heilbrun velopmental variation, inconsistent about the volume: the title and criti- [email protected] findings, family pressures, multiple cal appraisal of some material re- interviewer effects make this type of ported. Both relatively insignificant • Member at Large: Sol Fulero, [email protected] evaluation a major challenge with a gripes grow out of the same source: very high error-cost for all concerned. Kuehnle is too modest and too polite. • Secretary: Diane Follingstad In the face of this daunting, but nec- The title of this book could well be [email protected] essary, clinical activity Kathryn “The Handbook of Childhood Sexual • President Elect: Jack Brigham Kuehnle has given us the most rare of Abuse Assessment.” It is comprehen- [email protected] gifts: a meticulously documented sive, authoritative, skillfully orga- • Member at Large: Patricia Griffin guide to such assessments replete with nized, and impeccably documented. I [email protected] a cogent mix common sense, forensic have shown the volume to a half dozen skill, and solid behavioral science. clinicians who routinely undertake • Member at Large: Pam Casey [email protected] sexual abuse evaluations. In each case The volume provides everything one their reactions were the same: “Where • Treasurer: Jim Ogloff would need as a reference base in un- can I get a copy, fast.” Kuehnle is [email protected] dertaking a child sexual abuse evalu- clearly a sophisticated scholar and tal- • Newsletter Editor: Randy Otto, ation. Background chapters provide ented clinician, regrettably (in my [email protected] incidence and prevalence data, discuss view), she is unnecessarily restrained • Publications Editor: Ron Roesch, the various roles (and hazards of role in offering criticism of some studies [email protected]

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 9 Continuing Education Opportunities Developing Sensitivity AFCC’s Annual Meeting of the to Multiple Minority Third International The American Academy Statuses: Symposium on Child of Forensic Sciences Using Personal and Custody Evaluations September 11-13, 1997 Look for Upcoming Organizational Power Information on the Net in Non-Oppressive Ways Beaver Run Resort in Breckenridge, Colorado APA DIVISION 44 PRE- ($86 single or double) The American Academy of Forensic CONVENTION WORKSHOP Sciences (AAFS) recently concluded Chicago, Illinois - August 14, 1997 Join AFCC in the scenic Rocky Moun- its annual meetings in New York City 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. tains Just 90 minutes form Denver. last February. AAFS is an interdisci- For more information contact: plinary forensic organization with This workshop is designed to pro- AFCC several specialty areas, including Psy- vide a didactic and experiential 329 W. Wilson Street chiatry and Behavioral Sciences. This learning experience that will focus Madison, WI 53703 year’s conference included presenta- on increasing awareness and sen- tions ranging from physician-assisted sitivity to multiple minority sta- Phone 608/251-4001 suicide and criminal profiling to “The tuses (i.e., race, ethnicity, gender, Fax 608/251-2231 discrimination of window glass frag- SES, etc.) within and outside the ments by energy dispersive X-ray lesbian, gay, and bisexual commu- fluorescence spectometry.” As co- nity. Designed to be interactive, this AFCC’s Third chair of the AP-LS committee on Re- workshop will include group dis- lations with Other Organizations, cussion and active learning expe- International Congress Barry Rosenfeld organized and riences that will enhance partici- on Parent chaired a symposium of several psy- pants’ ability to manage issues of Education Programs chologists presenting recent research diversity in academic, clinical prac- on malingering. The symposium was September 14-16, 1997 tice, research, and organizational quite well received, and will hopefully settings. be the first of many opportunities to Beaver Run Resort in Breckenridge, raise the profile of psychologists in Trainers: Jamie Washington, Uni- Colorado ($86 single or double) versity of Maryland Baltimore AAFS, an area where we have tradi- tionally been under-represented. County and Kathy O’Bear, Univer- Join AFCC in the scenic Rocky sity of Massachusetts. #CE Hour: Mountains Just 90 minutes form Dr. Rosenfeld was also named co- Seven (7). Price: $125 ($75 for Denver. full-time students). Make checks chair of the Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences section for the next AAFS out to Division 44/SPSGLI. Can- For more information contact: conference (in San Francisco) and cellation Policy: A handling fee of AFCC encourages AP-LS members to con- $25 is deducted for cancellation. 329 W. Wilson Street sider this conference as an outlet for Refund requests MUST be re- Madison, WI 53703 ceived by mail by August 1, 1997. their work. A formal announcement Registration: Send your name, regarding submissions will be posted Phone 608/251-4001 mailing address, and (area code)- n in a subsequent newsletter.

phone number with payment to: Fax 608/251-2231 ○○○○○○ ○○○○○○○○○○○ Information regarding AAFS can Dr. Isiaah Crawford be obtained via the internet To have your event listed in the Department of Psychology (www.AAFS.org) or by telephone upcoming AP-LS NEWS, Loyola University Chicago (719/636-1100). n 6525 N. Sheridan Road submit it to: Chicago, IL 60626. Randy Otto Mental Health Law & Policy For more information call: Florida Mental Health Institute 773/ 508-2973, or via E-mail at: University of South Florida [email protected]. n 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. Tampa, FL 33612-3899 813/974-4510 FAX 813/974-9327 E-mail: [email protected]

Page 10 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Calendar Highlights 1997 Nobel Peace Prize Winner to August Speak at APA Convention 105th Convention of the American Psychological Association Nobel Peace Prize Winner and Bos- guages. Wiesel has written more ton University Professor, Elie than thirty-five books including A APA Division 44 Pre-Conven- Wiesel, will be the keynote Speaker Beggar in Jerusalem, The Testa- tion Workshop at the Opening Session of APA’s ment, The Forgotten, and most re- Annual Convention on Friday, Au- cently, his memoirs, All Rivers APA Division 41 Convention gust 15, 1997 at 11:00 a.m. The Run Into the Sea. He’s won more Opening Session is the kickoff event than eighty awards and also holds September for both the Convention and the honorary degrees from more than AFCC’s Third International Presidential Miniconvention on Ag- seventy-five colleges and univer- Symposium on Child Custody ing and Memory. sities from both the US and Evaluations abroad. This year’s presidential AFCC’s Third International miniconvention theme, aging and “Professor Wiesel has an incred- Congress on Parent Education memory, not only conjures images ible ability to communicate his Programs of remembering one’s personal past, message to such a broad audi- but also remembering history. “I ence,” said Dr. Abeles. “This is Submit entries for upcoming chose Professor Wiesel to be the what makes him such an excel- issue of AP-LS News keynote speaker in part because of lent spokesman for what occurred my research focusing on mood and during the Holocaust.” October memory issues of older adults,” said Call for papers deadline for APA’s 1997 President Norman “I hope that APA members come 1998 Biennial Conference Abeles. “Symbolically, Elie Wiesel away from Professor Wiesel’s can help us remember.” speech with an appreciation of November history and its lessons. We must Call for nominations for Wiesel is known for his work on be- be aware of the past so that we do Saleem Shaw Award n half of oppressed people every- not make the same mistakes in the where. His experience as a Holo- future,” said Dr. Abeles. “There caust survivor led him to dedicate was so much bigotry and hatred his talents as an author, teacher, and during that time.” storyteller to defend human rights and peace throughout the world. Since 1976, Wiesel has been the Andrew W. Mellon Professor in Wiesel was born in Sighet, Roma- the Humanities at Boston Univer- See APA Convention nia in 1928. He lived there until sity where he also holds the title Update on page 22. 1943, when the Nazis deported him of University Professor. He is a and his family to Auschwitz. Later, Faculty member in the he was transported to Buchenwald. University’s Religion and Philoso- See Division 41 Program phy departments. Also, he was the on page 23. When the war was over, Wiesel Distinguished Professor of Judaic studied in Paris then became a Jour- Studies at the City University of nalist. For many years, he was si- New York (1972-1976), and the lent about what he endured in the first Henry Luce Visiting Scholar Nazi death camps. Eventually, in the Humanities and Social Wiesel was persuaded to end that Thought at Yale University (1982- silence. He subsequently wrote La 1983). n Nuit (Night).

Since its publication in 1958, La Nuit has been translated into 25 lan-

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 11 Subliminal Messages made. The fact that the signal in ques- that the “message” had been retained Continued from page 8 tion on the Stained Class album was in the boys’ memories, he expressed not contained on any particular track concern that Mrs. Rusk may have been might guide decisions about whether of the 24-track tape argues further influenced by media reports, and/or its placement was accidental or delib- against the possibility of deliberate that she was having trouble recalling erate. Walt Disney Inc. was recently chicanery. what Vance had reported to her. Ap- accused of inserting the “subliminal” parently, the plaintiffs’ lawyers did not directive “All good teenagers take off Further Confusion understand the logic of their own your clothes” into the animated fam- The two most credible witnesses tes- expert’s testimony. At this point one ily film Aladdin. At around the same tifying for the plaintiffs were, in the wonders who was minding the store. time the letters S-E-X were alleged to judge’s opinion, Shevrin and Mrs. have been surreptitiously embedded in Rusk. Mrs. Rusk was a guidance coun- Defining ‘Expertise’ a scene from The Lion King (Globe & selor at Vance’s school. Vance, the boy At issue in this trial was the claim Mail, Nov. 7, 1995). Walt Disney Inc. who survived the suicide attempt, was that a subliminal directive incited sui- has emphatically denied attempting questioned about the circumstances of cide. From a scientific perspective this any kind of subliminal titillation. the shootings by Mrs. Rusk in the is an extraordinary and prima facie Spring of 1986. Mrs. Rusk’s testimony implausible proposition. There is not In March of 1994, someone discov- was that Vance said “We got a mes- now, nor has there ever been any reli- ered that Jessica Rabbit had no un- sage. It told us just Do It . . . It [the able empirical evidence that sublimi- derwear for a very short time during record] was giving us the message to nal stimulation can produce anything the animated movie Who framed just Do It.” This statement reflects other than fairly brief and relatively Roger Rabbit? (Globe & Mail, March conscious awareness on Vance’s part inconsequential reactions. Further, 17, 1994). In this example, there were of the presence and nature of the “Do there is no evidence whatsoever that at least three offending frames -- un- It” message. Recall that Shevrin’s po- subliminal directives can compel com- noticeable unless the tape is advanced sition was that the subliminal message pliance, and no such evidence was frame by frame. Were they deliberately “Do It” was influential precisely be- presented at the trial. Perhaps with the planted there for some nefarious rea- cause it was subliminal. The boys were help of the defendants’ experts, the son or were the artists just saving some unaware of receiving the prompt from judge came to realize that subliminal ink or playing a practical joke? It’s an external source and, therefore, directives do not have the influence hard to know, but the physical pres- misattributed its source or origin to attributed to them by the plaintiffs. A ence of an uncovered Jessica tells us their own inner motivation. These two more thorough grasp of the issue nothing about the perceptual or psy- pieces of testimony are logically con- might have yielded a summary judg- chological consequences of her un- tradictory. They cannot both be cor- ment, thereby precluding a long and dressed state. It is probable that un- rect. If, as Shevrin claimed, the mes- expensive trial. By denying summary der normal viewing conditions the sage was subliminal, the boys should judgment, Justice Whitehead assumed contents of the frames are completely have been oblivious to its presence and the validity of the plaintiffs’ central and thoroughly masked by the subse- its meaning. It is the unconscious na- claim -- namely, that subliminal mes- quent material. In the absence of the ture of the message which, according sages can influence human motiva- appropriate tests, however, one can- to Shevrin, affords it the exceptional tion. not simply assert that stimuli are (or influence he ascribed to it. On the are not) subliminal. In none of these other hand, if they could actually hear There have been numerous legal com- examples is it possible to know defini- it, as Vance indicated to Mrs. Rusk, mentaries on the Judas Priest ruling. tively if the signal or image was sub- then the message was not, by defini- Most of the post-trial controversy has liminal, nor if it was deliberately planted. tion, subliminal, and was thus (a) pro- concerned the question of First tected by the First Amendment, and Amendment protection for subliminal Perception is an active, constructive (b) not especially influential. The messages. If such surreptitious ma- process. Consequently, people often judge seemed unaware of this logical nipulation is ineffective, then the is- see or hear what they are predisposed conundrum: “This testimony [Mrs. sue of First Amendment protection (or encouraged) to perceive (Vokey & Rusk’s] gives support to the premise becomes moot. Judging from legal Read, 1985). A diligent search entail- that both James and Raymond sub- scholars’ commentary on Judge ing the isolation and amplification of liminally perceived ‘Do It’ from the Whitehead’s rulings, his understand- dozens of snippets from a 3-minute record.” (Vance v. Judas Priest, 1990, ing of the scientific issues was no heavy metal rock recording would p. 30). In fact, Mrs. Rusk’s testimony worse than the rest of the legal probably yield some intelligible words refutes the notion that the signal was community’s (cf., Blen, 1992; Dee, or phrases that would not be intelli- subliminal. Shevrin was well aware 1994; Locke, 1991). Similar to the gible under normal listening condi- of this difficulty. When the plaintiffs’ judge’s description of subliminal tions. In fact, it would be surprising if lawyers suggested to him that Mrs. stimulation, legal commentators’ re- a few such “discoveries” were not Rusk’s testimony supported the notion Continued on page 13 Page 12 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Subliminal Messages the court in the way that Frye v. United lic will continue to be entertained by States (1923) intended, or that more (and foot the bill for) trials like that Continued from page 12 recent rulings have encouraged of Vance v. Judas Priest. views contain copious references to (Daubert v. Merrell Dow Pharmaceu- Key, Vicary, and other nonscientists ticals, 1993; R. v. Mohan, 1994). References whose backgrounds are anything but These recent rulings have emphasized Blen, B. (1992). To hear or not to hear: A scientific. Key’s books constitute the need for expert testimony to be legal analysis of subliminal commu- quintessential pseudoscience; they reasonably well grounded in theories, nication technology in the Arts. contain no citations, no references, methods, and procedures that have Rutgers Law Review, 44, 871-921. and no documentation for any of his been accepted and validated by other Block, M. P., & Vanden Bergh, B. G. proclamations. While Key’s testimony scientists in the same field. It is not at (1985). Can you sell subliminal mes- per se does not appear to have been of all clear that Shevrin’s testimony met sages to consumers? Journal of Adver- tising, 14, 59-62. much significance at the trial, his ex- this standard. It is equally clear, how- Borgeat, F., & Chaloult, L. (1985). A re- travagant and well-publicized claims ever, that the courts are generally ill- laxation experiment using radio broad- had had 20 years to infiltrate the North prepared to meet the challenge of casts. Canada’s Mental Health, 33, 11- American psyche (including the legal evaluating the scientific validity of 13. profession’s), where scientific literacy expert evidence (Miller, Rein, & Baily, Borgeat, F., Elie, R., Chaloult, L., & is not a dominant feature (Burnham, 1994), especially in the social sciences Chabot, R. (1985). Psychophysiologi- 1987). (Richardson, Ginsburg, Gatowski, & cal responses to masked auditory Dobbin, 1995). A rigorous application stimuli. Canadian Journal of Psychia- In the final analysis, however, it was of Daubert’s admissibility criteria try, 30, 22-27. Burnham, J. C. (1987). How superstition not the obvious pseudoscience that might well disallow any testimony won and science lost: Popularizing sci- misled the court as much as the mis- based on Freudian principles because ence and health in the United States. leading opinions of the well-qualified most of them are inherently New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers Univer- expert-- Shevrin. His views, while unfalsifiable (Crews, 1995). The need sity Press. imaginative and logical, were anoma- for systematic judicial education on Cheesman, J., & Merikle, P. M. (1986). lous with prevailing scientific under- scientific principles is now a recog- Distinguishing conscious from uncon- standing of the phenomenon at hand. nized priority. Eventually, improved scious perceptual processes. Canadian A long resumé and a prestigious af- scientific understanding will result in Journal of Psychology, 40, 343-367. filiation are no guarantee of a scien- more equitable court rulings. In the Crews, F. (1995). The memory wars: Freud’s legacy in dispute. New York: tifically valid opinion. An expert meantime, as long as the legal New York Review imprints. whose testimony is unique, idiosyn- community’s scientific literacy skills Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceuticals, cratic, and unconfirmed by the broader are so little able to permit distinctions scientific community is not educating between sense and nonsense, the pub- Continued on page 14 American Psychology - Law Society News

The American Psychology-Law Society News is a publication devoted to dissemination of infor- mation, news, and commentary about psychology, mental health, and the law. The newsletter is published spring/summer, fall, and winter. Please submit materials in both written format and on either an IBM-PC compatible or Macintosh disk. Files may be written with any major word pro- cessing application and saved in both that format and in ASCII (DOS) or Text (Macintosh) for- mats. Indicate the application and version used on the disk.

Editor Production Editor Student Editors Randy K. Otto Michelle Kunkel Jenine Boyd Alicia Hall Send submissions to: How to contact the editors: Randy K. Otto / MHH 115 Phone 813/974-4510, Fax: 813/974-9327 Dept. of Mental Health Law & Policy Via Internet: [email protected] Florida Mental Health Institute / USF [email protected] 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd. [email protected] Tampa, Florida 33612-3899 [email protected]

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 13 Subliminal Messages Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University sities Press. Press. Smith, G. J., Spence, W. D., & Klein, G.S. Continued from page 13 Merikle, P. M. (1988). Subliminal audi- (1959). Subliminal effects of verbal tory tapes: An evaluation. Psychology stimuli. Journal of Abnormal Social Inc. (1993). 113B S, Ct, 2786, 2792- & Marketing, 46, 355-372. Psychology, 59, 167-176. 93. Merikle, P. M., & Skanes, H. (1992). Sub- Synodinos, N. (1988). Subliminal stimu- Dee, J. (1994). Subliminal lyrics in heavy liminal self-help audio tapes: A search lation: What does the public think metal music: More litigation anyone? for placebo effects. Journal of Applied about it? Current Issues and Research Communications and the Law, Sept., Psychology, 77, 772-776. in Advertising, 11, 157-158. 3-24. Miller, P. S., Rein, B. W., & Bailey, E. O. Vance/Roberson v CBS Inc./Judas Priest Frye v. United States (1923). 293 F. 1013 (1994). Daubert and the need for ju- (1989a). No. 86-5844 and 86-3939 (D.C. Cir.1923). dicial scientific literacy. Judicature, (Washoe County, 2nd Judicial District Gardner, M. (1981). Science, good, bad 77, 254-260. Court of Nevada, motion for summary and bogus. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus. Moore, T. E. (1982). Subliminal adver- judgment, testimony of Howard Globe & Mail (1994). Who undressed Jes- tising: What you see is what you get. Shevrin, June 2, 1989). sica Rabbit? March 17, E2. Journal of Marketing, 46, 38-47. Vance/Roberson v CBS Inc./Judas Priest Globe & Mail (1995). Tracing the wind- Moore, T. E. (1988). The case against sub- (1989b). No. 86-5844 and 86-3939 ing trails of Disney obscenity rumors. liminal manipulation. Psychology & (Washoe County, 2nd Judicial District November 7, C5. Marketing, 46, 297-316. Court of Nevada, filed Aug. 23, 1989) Greenwald, A. G. (1992). New look 3: Un- Moore, T. E. (1992). Subliminal percep- (order denying summary judgment). conscious cognition reclaimed. Ameri- tion: Facts and fallacies. Skeptical In- Vance/Roberson v CBS Inc./Judas Priest can Psychologist, 47, 766-779. quirer, 16, 273-281. (1990). No. 86-5844 and 86-3939 Greenwald, A. G., Spangenberg, E. R., Moore, T. E. (1995). Subliminal self-help (Washoe County, 2nd Judicial District Pratkanis, A. R., & Eskenazi, J. auditory tapes: An empirical test of Court of Nevada, August 24, 1990). (1991). Double-blind tests of sublimi- perceptual consequences. Canadian Vokey, J. R., & Read, J. D. (1985). Sub- nal self-help audio tapes. Psychologi- Journal of Behavioral Science, 27, 9- liminal messages: Between the devil cal Science, 2, 119-122. 20. and the media. American Psychologist, Guevara-Castro, L., & Viele, L. (1991, New York Times (1986). Woman wins $1 40, 1231-1239. May 21). Dozens say they have seen million in psychic power suit. March Waller v Osbourne (1991). 763 F. Supp. Christ on a pizza chain billboard. The 29, 6. 1144, 1149 (M.D. Ga. 1991). Atlanta Journal/Constitution p. D1. Pratkanis, A. R. (1992). The cargo-cult sci- Zanot, E. J., Pincus, D., & Lamp, E. J. Henley, S. (1975). Cross-modal effects of ence of subliminal persuasion. Skep- (1983). Public perception of sublimi- subliminal verbal stimuli. Scandina- tical Inquirer, 16, 260-272. nal advertising. Journal of Advertis- vian Journal of Psychology, 16, 30-36. Pratkanis, A. R., & Greenwald, A. G. ing, 12, 37-45. Holender, D. (1986). Semantic activation (1988). Recent perspectives on uncon- Zuckerman, M. (1960). The effects of sub- without conscious identification in di- scious processing: Still no marketing liminal and supraliminal suggestions chotic listening, parafoveal vision, and applications. Psychology & Marketing, on verbal productivity. Journal of Ab- visual masking: A survey and ap- 5, 337-353. normal & Social Personality, 60, 404- praisal. The Behavioral and Brain Sci- Pratkanis, A. R., Eskenazi, J., & 11. ences, 9, 1-23. Greenwald, A. G. (1994). What you Huber, P. (1991). Galileo’s revenge: Junk expect is what you believe (but not science in the courtroom. New York: necessarily what you get): A test of the Basic Books effectiveness of subliminal self-help Author’s Notes Key, W. B. (1973). Subliminal seduction. audiotapes. Basic and Applied Social This paper is based, in part, on pre- Psychology, 15, 251-276. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Signet. sentations at the annual conference of Key, W. B. (1976). Media Sexploitation. R v Mohan (1994). 89 C.C.C.(3d) 402 Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. (S.C.C.). the Committee for the Scientific In- Key, W. B. (1980). The clam-plate orgy. Richardson, J. T., Ginsburg, G. P., vestigation of Claims of the Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall. Gatowski, S., & Dobbin, S. (1995). Paranormal, held in Seattle, June 25, Key, W. B. (1989). The age of manipula- The problems of applying Daubert to 1994. (Symposium title: Influencing psychological syndrome evidence. Ju- tion: The con in confidence, the sin in Beliefs in the Courtroom: Rules of sincere. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: dicature, 79, 10-16. Prentice-Hall. Rogers, S. (1993). How a publicity blitz Law, Expert Testimony, and Science), Kupper, D., & Gerard, H. (1990). created the myth of subliminal adver- and at the Ontario Criminal Lawyers’ Anaclictic depression and bulimia. Pa- tising. Public Relations Quarterly Association annual conference held in per presented at the meeting of the (Winter 1992-1993). Toronto, October 27, 1995 (Session Russell, T. G., Rowe, W., & Smouse, A. Western Psychological Association, title: Deceptive Research: Good Sci- Los Angeles, CA, April. (1991). Subliminal self-help tapes and Litman, R. E., & Farberow, N. L. (1994). academic achievement: An evaluation. ence/Bad Science). Pop-rock music as precipitating cause Journal of Counseling & Develop- in youth suicide. Journal of Forensic ment, 69, 359-362. Timothy E. Moore can be con- Sciences, 39, 494-499. Shevrin, H. (1988). Unconscious conflict: tacted through the Psychology De- A convergent psychodynamic and elec- Locke, E. L. (1991). The Vance decision: partment, Glendon College, York The future of subliminal communica- trophysiological approach. In M. J. tion. Law & Psychology Review, 15, Horowitz (Ed.). Psychodynamics and University, 2275 Bayview Avenue, 375-394. Cognition (pp. 117-167). Chicago: Toronto, Ontario M4N 3M6 at Maris, R. (1981). Pathways to suicide: A University of Chicago Press. phone: 416-487-6738 or 416-736- survey of self-destructive behaviors. Silverman, L. (1982). The search for one- 2100, ext. 88355, or via E-mail: ness. New York: International Univer- [email protected] n Page 14 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 AP-LS Announcements and Updates

Dissertation Awards Update Golf Classic 1997 AP-LS Scientific Review 1997 APA Golf Classic: Oak Brook Hills Dissertation Paper Division 41 Committee on Resort, Oak Brook, Illinois Award Process Good Lineup Practices You are invited to participate in the The American Psychology-Law first annual APA Golf Classic. The Society confers Dissertation The recommendations from this tournament will take place Monday, Awards for scientific research and committee are being presented at August 18, 1997 in conjunction scholarship that is relevant to the APA this year in Chicago, Friday, with the 105th Annual Convention promotion of the interdisciplinary August 15, 2:00-3:50 pm, at the of the American Psychological As- study of psychology and law. Per- Sheraton Ballroom II. It is being sociation, to be held in Chicago in sons who will have completed dis- sponsored by Divisions 41 and 3. August of this year. sertations in 1997 that are related The committee is composed of Gary to basic or applied research in psy- Wells (Chair), Steve Penrod, Eliza- The format for the tournament will chology and law, including its ap- beth Brimacomb, Roy Malpass, Sol be a foursome scramble (Captain’s plication top public policy, are en- Fulero and Mark Small. The Choice). Teams will be balanced by couraged to submit their disserta- committee’s initial recommenda- tournament management according tions for consideration for the tions concern: to handicap and a special scramble awards. First, second, and third handicapping system will be ap- place awards are conferred. 1) the structure and composition of plied to each team’s gross scramble Awardees will be invited to present lineups, score. If players do not have an es- their work at an award ceremony 2) instructions given to eyewit- tablished USGA handicap, please at the Biennial Conference of the nesses, submit an average of your last five American Psychology-Law Soci- 3) the issue of who should adminis- scores and a handicap will be as- ety, which meets next in 1998 in ter lineups, and signed to you. Redondo Beach, California. 4) issues related to eyewitness con- fidence. A draft of the recommen- The tournament will include a buf- To apply for the 1997 Awards, one dations paper will be available to fet luncheon, a cocktail reception, copy of the completed dissertation, those in attendance and the ses- and an awards banquet with buf- along with a letter of support from sion will involve both reports on fet-style dinner. Awards will be the dissertation chair, should be the recommendations and audi- given to the first, second, and third sent by January 1, 1998, to: ence input. n place foursomes.

Caton Roberts, Chair Registration deadline is July 18th! AP-LS Dissertation Awards It is recommended that you register Committee early as attendance is limited, and 4914 Bayfield Terrace registration, open to all APA Con- Madison, WI 53705. n vention registrants, is on a first- come, first-serve bases. The tour- nament is limited to the first 144 players who register.

For more information, contact Curtis Nickels 202/336-5539, fax 202/336-5568, or via E-mail: [email protected] n

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 15 Minutes from... AP-LS Executive Committee Meeting AP-LS/Division 41 conference was $34,250, resulting in April 5, 1997 a net gain of $1,840. Interested parties can contact Ira Packer regarding possible offerings in Submitted by Total assets for the Society were the Division 41 Hospitality Suite as Diane R. Follingstad, Secretary $205,873 as of 12/31/96, while total there are still time slots available liabilities and fund balance were which can be used for diverse divi- Attending Members and Commit- $133,749. In the future, advertising sion activities. The EC thanked Ira tee Chairs: Jack Brigham, Pam income (which was never very high) Packer and Edie Greene for their ef- Casey, Diane Follingstad, Sol will become nonexistent due to the fact forts to date and for the excellent pro- Fulero, Gail Goodman, Patty Grif- that we would lose our special postal gram which they have been organiz- fin, Tom Grisso, Kirk Heilbrun, Jim rate if the Society receives advertis- ing. Ogloff, Randy Otto, Ira Packer, Ron ing income. There was an increase Roesch, Richard Wiener over the last year in grants-in-aid up Motion: There was a motion by Kirk to $4000. Income has increased from Heilbrun and seconded by Tom Grisso Approval of Minutes non-dues sources. to accept the report of the APA Pro- The minutes from the August, 1996 gram Chair. The motion was passed. executive committee meeting (APA Motion: Jack Brigham moved that Annual Conference, Toronto, Ontario, Jim Ogloff will prepare a report on Discussion ensued regarding time Canada) were approved by a unani- investment options for the August frames to begin the process of plan- mous vote of the Executive Commit- 1997 EC meeting in Chicago at the ning earlier for conferences. Ira tee (EC). Annual APA Convention. Kirk Packer was asked to complete a time Heilbrun seconded the motion. The line for future program chairs for han- Treasurer’s Report motion was passed. dling responsibilities for APA confer- Jim Ogloff handed out a balance sheet ences. The President (Gail Goodman) Motion: that summarized the Division ac- Jack Brigham moved that the formalized the Program Committee as counts through December 31, 1996. Financial Report be approved. Diane an oversight committee for the con- As of that date, the Society’s income Follingstad seconded the motion. The ferences at the annual APA conference for 1996 was $163,644 and total ex- motion was passed. and the Biennial Conferences. The penditures for the year were $77,737. purpose of this committee will be to This leaves a net income of $71, 907. Report of the provide for continuity of the confer- However, this amount is higher than Conference Committees ences over time, allow for upcoming the net should be for the year because program chairs to serve in less active roles while learning from the current the subscriptions for Law and Human APA 1997 Program Committee chair s experience, and allow for past Behavior have not been paid for the Ira Packer (Program Chair) and Edie program chairs to offer information year. The actual net income will be Greene (Co-Chair) presented a writ- to enhance the process of planning closer to $26,000 for the fiscal year. ten and oral report for the 1997 Divi- conferences. This committee will A significant proportion of income is sion 41 program at the APA Conven- oversee the process of planning the from dues and contributions ($95,693) tion in Chicago in August 1997. Ira conferences, oversee deadlines, and with another significant proportion Packer reported that there were 66 have a role in soliciting those indi- from registrations to the Biennial AP- unsolicited submissions along with viduals who will be nominated to serve LS Conference ($34,250). Over the five invited symposia, three award pre- as program chairs for the individual year, the Society earned $6971 in in- sentations and three invited speakers. conferences. The co-chairs will con- terest income, $10,006 in royalties, There was a high acceptance rate of sist of the current president of the So- and $14,000 in LHB editorial ex- the unsolicited submissions which ciety and an individual whom she/he penses. $54,918 was spent for meet- were ranked highly by reviewers. appoints to serve as co-chair. Other ings and conferences, $11,861 for There are 33 hours of presentations members of the Program Committee awards and committees, $20,352 sponsored by Division 41 at APA will consist of the current Treasurer, (which will be modified to approxi- which are spread over four days (Fri- the current program chairs of the APA mately $60,000) for publications, and day through Monday). The Distin- and Biennial Conferences, the incom- the rest for administrative costs guished Contributions award will be ing program chairs of the APA and (which are a little higher in Biennial given to Dr. Alan Goldstein and the Biennial Conferences, the past pro- Conference years) and miscellaneous. Saleem Shah award will be given to The Biennial Conference expenses to- Dr. Sue Limber. taled $32,410 while the income for the Continued on page 17 Page 16 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Continued from page 16 within two blocks. The accommoda- consisting of the following people and tions are Pacific Ocean view rooms several members of AAFP: Don gram chairs of the APA and Biennial with private balconies. Rates will be Bersoff, Jack Brigham, Jane Conferences and the administrator of $129 for either a single or double Goodman-Delahunty, Kirk Heilbrun, AP-LS. The current Co-Chairs of the room. Registration will begin on Randy Otto, Ronald Roesch, Kathy Program Planning Committee will March 5, 1998 at 8:00 a.m. and the Stafford, and Rich Wiener. consist of the President (Gail conference will last until 5:00 p.m. on Goodman) and Patty Griffin. March 7th. To ensure the group rate, Kirk Heilbrun, on behalf of the entire attendees must identify themselves as committee, investigated further Golden Anniversary being part of the AP-LS Biennial Con- whether this joint project would be of Divisions Celebration ference when making reservations. worth doing, what implications the Margaret Coggins and Marisa recognition as a specialty would have Pynchon are coordinating Division There will be no joint meeting in 1998 for the field and individual psycholo- 41’s part in the celebration at APA in with Division 35. The AAFP work- gists, and how a specialty in forensic 1997 commemorating 50 years of APA shops will not be offered at the same psychology might be defined for such Divisions. Plans to date include a so- time as this Biennial, although senti- a petition. He determined that APA cial hour theme honoring the division ments were voiced that we should has recognized four applied areas his- s accomplishments and past presi- work in the future toward always try- torically and CRSPPP has been con- dents, an ornamental plaque listing ing to coordinate with AAFP in this sidering expansion for some time. An the division s presidents to be pre- regard. APA official noted a connection be- sented at the social hour, a booth at tween the recognition of specialties the day-long APA Division Fair (Sun- It was suggested that selection of the and ABPP, and the recognition of day, August 17th from 10:00 a.m. Biennial Co-chairs for the 2000 AP- proficiencies and the National Col- until 4:00 p.m.), t-shirts bearing the LS conference be chosen in the near lege. Applications of a specialty or AP-LS logo, and a symposium on the future to include them on the Program proficiency designation have clearly History of Psycho-Legal Scholarship. Planning Committee very soon so that been applied. If CRSPPP approved a A theme song for the division was cho- they would be able to observe the plan- petition for forensic psychology as a sen to be I Fought the Law and the ning process of the 1998 Biennial. specialty, this would be submitted to Law Won. Pam Casey will be respon- APA Council for approval. If ap- sible for making a display board and Motion: Kirk Heilbrun moved that the proved, forensic would join clinical, organizing handouts for the booth. Sol EC elect as co-chair for the 1998 Di- counseling, school, I-O, and recently Fulero will coordinate Division 41 vision 41 APA convention meeting approved neuropsychology as applied members to take turns at the booth. Dale McNeil from the University of specialties in psychology. Comments In addition, Sol Fulero is currently California, San Francisco. Jim Ogloff from people in the know indicated that writing the chapter delineating the seconded the motion. The motion designation as a specialty does not ap- history of Division 41 for the volumes passed. pear to have implications for accredi- that will be published on the histories tation of individuals. This appears due of APA divisions. Past presidents will Consideration to the recognition of ABPP as a spe- be invited to the Social Hour. On Sun- of Special Issues cialty accrediting body for individu- day night at the conference there will als and APA has no plans to accredit be a grand event hosted by the Com- The Executive Committee discussed each of the following special issues be- individuals (according to sources). mission and B.A. that will include The National College will award pro- music, dancing, a 50th anniversary fore proceeding with the Standing Committee Reports in order to assure ficiency designations on individuals. toast and birthday cake for all which An area cannot be both a specialty and will be open to all convention attend- that decisions would be reached on some timely matters. a proficiency, raising the concern that ees (no fees or invitations required). should another body attempt to have Petition for Recognition of forensic psychology as a proficiency 1998 Biennial Conference and it was approved, then forensic a Specialty in Forensic Psychology The co-chairs for the program of the psychology could not be also desig- Prior discussions regarding whether 1998 Biennial Conference are Beth nated a specialty. It is possible that AP-LS should collaborate with the Wiggins and Melissa Warren. A site specialty determination would have American Academy of Forensic Psy- has been located and a contract signed implications for the accreditation of chology (AAFP) in submitting a peti- for the conference at Redondo Beach, predoctoral and postdoctoral training tion to the APA Committee for the Los Angeles, California. The hotel is programs. The most immediate impli- Recognition of Specialties and the Crowne Plaza located just 7 miles cation for forensic psychology to be Proficiencies in Professional Psychol- from the LA International Airport and designated as a specialty would most ogy (CRSPPP) led to some questions directly across from the Redondo Pier/ likely to a move to accredit King Harbor Marina. Beaches are which needed clarification. A commit- tee was appointed by Gail Goodman Continued on page 18

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 17 Minutes Follingstad. The motion was passed. overriding interest in psychology and AP-LS Executive law? Is that a strength? Committee Meeting Report on the 1997 APA Ideas were put forth as to ways a steer- Divisional Leadership ing committee might plan for such a Continued from page 17 retreat to deal with the future of AP- postdoctoral fellowships in this area. Conference LS. Suggestions were to have a meet- Jack Brigham, as the President Elect ing with past presidents of the divi- Based on the information solicited, of AP-LS, attended the Divisional sion, obtain the APA steering meet- Kirk Heilbrun thought that if we de- Leadership Conference and reported ing plans, meet in November after the cide to complete the petition, we on some ideas brainstormed by the August convention at which more would be more likely to define foren- breakout groups. Ideas were generated people could be involved in develop- sic psychology narrowly to fit the in- for ways to enhance communication ing issues for the retreat, and present tention of recognizing applied areas. within and across APA divisions, for the retreat s ideas at the Biennial in Several individuals involved in the ways to help divisions work more ef- March, 1998. CRSPPP process have been mildly to fectively within APA, and other pos- strongly encouraging Division 41 to sible actions that could be taken by Motion: Sol Fulero moved and Pam be involved in submitting a petition. APA. These items were presented for Casey seconded the motion that a informational purposes only, so no steering committee begin planning a Some concerns were raised by EC action was taken. retreat for the purpose of discussing members regarding the implications the future of AP-LS. The steering of submitting such a petition. How- The Future of AP-LS: committee would meet at APA in Au- ever, it was indicated that AAFP is Ideas for Directions, gust to plan the retreat in November. likely to submit a petition if AP-LS is Innovations, Changes At the retreat, specific strategic plans not interested in participating, al- and Excitement would be promulgated which would though AAFP would prefer a joint be presented at the Biennial Confer- Retreat for Strategic Planning: Pam project for this purpose. ence in March, 1998. The motion was Casey, as a member-at-large, and passed with one opposing vote. Diane Follingstad, suggested that the Motion: Jack Brigham moved and Division engage in strategic planning Ron Roesch seconded the motion that Pam Casey was selected to head the to review the mission of AP-LS, de- a subcommittee of two, representing steering committee. Other members of velop goals and generally have a con- nonclinical forensic psychologists, be the committee are Jack Brigham, Sol text in which to ground our decisions liaison members to AAFP in the like- Fulero and Jim Ogloff. in the future. She suggested that a 1-2 lihood they are to submit a petition to day planning session/retreat be held CRSPPP. Sol Fulero moved and Diane Joint Sponsorship of a Meeting with for this purpose by the EC. She also Follingstad seconded the motion to proposed that a committee plan how the European Association of Psy- table this motion. The motion was the retreat would be conducted, e.g., chology and Law (EAPL): Ron passed to table. whether a facilitator should be present, Roesch has attended the EAPL and is whether particular documents should currently in contact with members of Motion: Pam Casey and Jack be read in advance, how to best bring that association. They are interested Brigham moved and seconded the in a variety of perspectives into the in better ties with AP-LS and wish to motion that the existing committee strategic planning session etc. APA jointly sponsor a meeting. Ron Roesch established for this purpose continue has Division Services with long-range has engaged in preliminary discus- liasing with AAFP, but the commit- planning information and these are sions with EAPL and has suggested tee can have the flexibility to appoint services which might be tapped in the that a potential meeting might occur two people to specifically contact planning of the retreat. Possible ques- in 1999 (not a Biennial year), that July AAFP as necessary. Sol Fulero moved tions for the retreat might be: 1) What would be an optimal time for such a and Diane Follingstad seconded the is our purpose?; 2) Are we a disci- meeting, and that AP-LS might want motion to table this motion. The mo- pline? Do we represent a field? Sol to have some input on the location of tion was passed to table. Fulero also added ideas for questions such a meeting. Involvement by AP- for a retreat: 3) Are we developing fac- LS would mostly involve establishing Motion: Jim Ogloff moved that if tions in the field that are problematic?; procedural issues for selection of pre- AAFP decided to draft a petition that 4) How do we make Division 41 the sentations. Because Ron Roesch has AP-LS request to participate jointly focal point for psychology and law?; already had correspondence with this with them in drafting such a petition. 5) What is our relationship with association, the President designated This motion was seconded by Diane ABFP/AAFP?; 6) Would Division him to head an Ad Hoc Committee to want another journal? What is the goal look into such a possibility. This is- for having journals?; 7) Are we a loose sue will also be linked with the Com- grouping of interest groups with an Continued on page 32 Page 18 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Web Site The Radical FELLOW STATUS Psychology IN THE Network Web Site AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL http://www.uis.edu/~fox/radpsy ASSOCIATION

The Radical Psychology Network announces the cre- Becoming a Fellow recognizes outstanding ation of a new World Wide Web site (at http:// contributions to psychology and is an honor www.uis.edu/~fox/radpsy). We hope to become a cen- valued by many members. Fellow nomina- tralized resource for radical/progressive psychologists tions are made by a Division to which the and others who are critical of both mainstream psy- Member belongs. The minimum standards chology and mainstream society. Please check us out and give the URL to interested students and colleagues. for Fellow Status are: Also, please E-mail (to [email protected]) conference an- nouncements, organizing efforts, other internet links, • Doctoral degree based in part upon a and any similar items you’d like us to list on the site. psychological dissertation, or from a program primarily psychological in nature and conferred by a regionally accredited graduate or professional school. • Prior status as a Member of the Associa- tion for at least one year. • Active engagement at the time of AP-LS Deadlines nomination in the advancement of psychology in any of its aspects. Mark Your Calendar • Five years of acceptable professional experience subsequent to the granting of Please note the following important deadlines for various AP-LS/Division 41 activities. the doctoral degree. • Evidence of unusual and outstanding contribution or performance in the field of September 1, 1997 - Submit entries for the psychology. upcoming fall issue of AP-LS News.

October 15, 1997 - Call for papers deadline for To find out more information, contact Lisa 1998 Biennial Conference (see page 21). Orejudos in the APA office at 202/336- 5590, or by E-mail at: November 1, 1997 - Call for nominations for [email protected]. Saleem Shah Award (see page 33).

January 1, 1998 - Applications for AP-LS Dissertation Awards are due (see page 15).

Please Note If you would like to include your announce- This is the only AP-LS Newsletter ment for continuing education activities, calls issue before 1998 Call for Papers for papers, fellowship or position vacancies in for the Biennial Conference. the next AP-LS Newsletter, contact Randy Otto at 813/974-4510 or via the Internet at: [email protected] n

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 19 Call for Papers and Manuscripts Law and Behavioral Sciences Behavioral Sciences Human Behavior and the Law and the Law The First 20 Years Integrating Research Families and the Courts and Practice in Forensic Law and Human Behavior invites Psychology & Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences and the Law will manuscript submissions for a special devote a special issue to Families and issue celebrating the 20th anniversary Deadline for All Submissions is the Courts. Potential contributions can of the inception of the journal. We are July 1, 1997 focus on any relevant topic; however, interested in developing a special is- we especially are interested in manu- sue that reviews various areas within A forthcoming issue of Behavioral scripts that address issues relevant to the field of law and psychology from Sciences and The Law will be devoted service delivery to children and their an empirical and conceptual perspec- to the integration of research and families who become involved with tive. We intend to publish articles that practice in forensic psychology and the judiciary. bring together programs or bodies of psychiatry. Possible topics include but research that contribute to our under- are not limited to: The deadline for receipt of manu- standing of a topic area within law and • using research findings to guide scripts is September 1, 1997. Manu- psychology. One goal of the issue is to forensic decision-making scripts should be twenty to thirty represent the field broadly. To this end, • development and implementation double-spaced pages. Failure to con- we would especially welcome manu- of research-based standards for form to the style requirements of the scripts that represent bodies of work practice newest Publication Manual of the that have not yet received adequate • education and training of scientist- American Psychological Association attention from psycholegal scholars. practitioners in forensic psychol- or the 15th edition of a Uniform Sys- Manuscripts that discuss the contri- ogy and psychiatry tem of Citation may lead to rejection butions of the field to law or that ana- • practical legal research strategies of manuscript. Submissions must con- lyze the discipline as a whole are wel- for mental health professionals tain a 150 word abstract. comed as well. These latter papers • research and/or reviews of research should focus on the conceptual under- dealing with reliability, validity Send three copies (2 of which need to pinnings of an area of psychology and and/or other aspects of psychologi- be prepared so that they can be law. Finally, international and cross- cal assessment tools used in foren- “blind-reviewed”) to either of the spe- cultural perspectives will be consid- sic contexts cial issue editors, Alan Tomkins or ered. Pam Casey. Research manuscripts presenting The editor for this issue is James R.P. findings with immediate application Professor Tomkins can be reached at: Ogloff of the Mental Health, Law, and to forensic practice are also invited. The University of Nebraska-Lincoln Policy Institute at Simon Fraser Uni- Manuscripts should be 25-35 double- Law/Psychology Program versity. Four copies of manuscripts spaced pages adhering to the style of 209 Burnett Hall should be sent to: the APA Publications Manual or the Lincoln, NE 68588-0308 Harvard Law Review, contain a 150 James R.P. Ogloff word abstract, and be submitted in Phone: 402/472-3743 Department of Psychology triplicate to: Fax: 402/472-4637 Simon Fraser University E-mail: [email protected]. Burnaby, British Columbia Joseph T. McCann, 151 Leroy Street, Canada V5A 1S6 Binghamton, NY 13905, Phone & Dr. Casey can be reached at: FAX: (607)797-2315 The National Center for State Courts E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] PO Box 8798 300 Newport Avenue For further information, please con- Williamsburg, VA 23187-8798 USA Manuscripts must be postmarked no tact: Charles Patrick Ewing, n later than Nov. 1, 1997. Co-Editor, Behavioral Sciences and Phone: 757/253-2000; the Law, 723 O’Brian Hall, State Fax: 757/220-0449 n Univ. of New York, Buffalo, NY E-mail: [email protected] 14260, Ph: 716/645-2770 FAX: 716/654-2064 E-mail: [email protected] n

Page 20 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Research Opportunities NSF Law and Call for Papers Social Science Program The Law and Social Science Program 1998 AP-LS Biennial Conference of the National Science Foundation re- minds AP-LS members of its regular The 1998 AP-LS Biennial Conference will be held in Redondo research opportunities. In addition, Law Beach, California at the Crowne Plaza Hotel on March 5 - and Social Science competitions wel- 7, 1998 Proposals for symposia, papers, and posters are in- come planning grant proposals, travel vited. The submission deadline is October 15, 1997. Submis- support, requests for conferences and sions on topics in all areas of psychology and law are in- other activities to lay the foundation for vited. Proposals describing novel applications of psychol- research, and proposals for improving ogy to law, those that are empirically-based, and those on doctoral dissertation research. topics that have not been prominent during recent meet- ings, such as corrections, are particularly welcome. Papers Regular Competition authored or co-authored by students are encouraged. The regular grant competition supports social scientific studies of law and law- Proposals must include: like systems of rules. These can include, but are not limited to, research designed 1. Face sheet listing the name, affiliation, mailing address, to enhance the scientific understanding and phone number, and E-mail address of the primary of the impact of law; human behavior author; names and affiliations of co-authors; whether and interactions as these relate to law; proposal is for a single paper, poster, or symposium; and the dynamics of legal decisionmaking; indicating whether authors would like the submission and the nature, sources, and conse- considered for a poster if not accepted as a paper. quences of variations and changes in legal institutions. Target dates for the 2. Five copies of the proposal prepared for anonymous submission of proposals in this compe- review. The proposal should include a 150-word abstract tition are January 15 for proposals to and should not exceed 1,500 words. be funded as early as July; and August 15 for proposals to be funded in or af- Send proposals via either U.S. mail to: ter January. Beth Wiggins, Federal Judical Center (RES) Global Perspectives One Columbus Circle N.E. Competition Washington, D.C. 20002-8003 The Program is also continuing its spe- cial competition for research dealing Or E-mail to: [email protected]. with global perspectives on sociolegal studies. The aim of this initiative is to If you do not have an E-mail address, please send a legal- support research on law and law-related sized stamped envelope addressed to the primary author. processes and behaviors in light of the If you have any questions or comments about the program, growing interdependence and please contact one of the program chairs: Melissa Warren, interconnectedness of the world. Pro- [email protected], (202) 336-6010 or Beth Wiggins, posals may locate the research within a [email protected], (202) 273-4073. single nation or between or across le- gal systems or regimes as long as they Reviewers Needed illuminate or are informed by global perspectives. Proposals submitted to Regular and student AP-LS members are needed the global perspectives competition to review Biennial program proposals. If you are must be received at NSF by Febru- interested, please contact: ary 1, 1998. Melissa Warren [email protected], Application Procedures (202) 336-6010 or Beth Wiggins, bwiggins@ See the guidelines in NSF’s Grant Pro- fjc.gov, (202) 273-4073. n posal Guide (NSF 95-27). Documents are available via the internet at: [email protected]. For further informa- tion, contact: Harmon Hosch, Program Director, Law and Social Science Pro- gram NSF, 4201 Wilson Blvd., Arling- ton, VA 22230; Phone: 703/306-1762, FAX: 703/306-0485 , or via E-mail at: [email protected] n

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 21 1997 APA Convention UPDATE

The 105th Convention of the American Psychological Association will be held in Chicago, Illinois, between August 15-19, 1997. Meetings are scheduled in the Fairmont Hotel Chicago, the Hyatt Regency Chicago, the Palmer House Hilton, the Sheraton Chicago Hotel and Towers, and the Navy Pier. For detailed infor- mation regarding transportation, lodging, air travel, registration, and continuing education, you may access the APA website at www.apa.org/convention/main.html, or contact convention personnel at the American Psychological Association, 750 First Street, NE, Washington, DC 20002-4242. Phone 202/336-6020.

Convention Highlights APA Convention Opening Session • APA is honored to present Nobel Peace Prize Winner Elie Wiesel as Time Changed Keynote Speaker for the Opening Session of this year’s convention. The time of the Opening Session See page 11 for further information. for this year’s APA Convention has been moved from its previ- • Developing Sensitivity to Multiple Minority Statuses: Using Personal ous time slot, 5:00 p.m. to 11:00 and Organizational Power in Non-Oppressive Ways a.m. on Friday, August 15. The APA DIVISION 44 PRE-CONVENTION WORKSHOP change was made to accommo- August 14, 1997, 9:00 a.m. - 5:00 p.m. date the keynote speaker (See ar- See page 10 for further information. ticle on page 11 for more infor- mation). Information regarding • Hospitality Suite: As in past years, Division 41 will have a Hospital- the location of the session will ity Suite at the APA Convention. The suite will be available Friday - be available in March or April Sunday. All groups and interested parties who would like to reserve and will be announced in the space in the suite should contact Ira Packer as soon as possible with APA Monitor and in the Conven- their requests, included desired times (and alternatives) at tion program. n [email protected] or by phone/fax at 413-739-6733. n Many Thanks Special Needs Assistance We would like to thank all the The Board of Convention Affairs would like each person with a disabil- reviewers who donated their ity who is planning to attend the Convention in Chicago, Illinois, August time to reviewing the 15-19, 1997, to identify himself or herself and to provide information on submissions for the Convention how we can make the convention more readily accessible for his or her Program. We really appreciate attendance. APA will provide a van with a lift as transportation for per- your diligence and timeliness. sons in wheelchairs, interpreters for hearing impaired individuals, and Division members who would escorts/readers for persons with visual impairments. We strongly urge like to volunteer to review submissions for next year’s individuals who would like assistance in facilitating their attendance at program should send their the convention to register in advance for the convention on the APA names and addresses to: Edie Advance Registration and Housing Form which will appear in the March Greene, Department of through May issues of the American Psychologist. A note which out- Psychology, University of lines a person’s specific needs should accompany the Advance Registra- Colorado, PO Box 7150, tion and Housing Form. Colorado Springs, CO 80933.

We encourage persons with disabilities to select one of the following Ira K. Packer convention hotels for housing as they are the best ones equipped to deal Program Chair with special access issues: 1) Hyatt Regency Chicago; 2) Sheraton Chi- Edie Greene cago; 3) Fairmont Hotel Chicago; 4) Days Inn of Chicago. n Program Co-Chair n

Page 22 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 American Psychology-Law Society APA Division 41 Convention Program Chicago August 15 - 19, 1997

v v v Friday, August 15, 1997 12:00-12:50 p.m. Paper Session: Juror Decision Making, Ronald Dillehay v v v 9:00- 9:50 a.m. Juror Evaluations of Expert Evidence Validity, Margaret Paper Session: Contemporary Issues in Psycholegal Re- Bull Kovera, Bradley McAuliff, and Kellye Hebert search, Margaret Bull Kovera, Chair Perceptions of Justice and the Expert Witness, Robert Cognitive, Social and Developmental Factors in Sug- Johnstone, and Robert Mauro gestibility: A Meta-Analysis, Bradley McAuliff and Sexual Assault and Defendant/Victim Intoxication: Ju- Margaret Bull Kovera rors’ Perceptions of Intent, Regina Schuller, Anne Marie Wall, and Patricia Hastings Lineup Suggestiveness and Expert Testimony, Jenni- fer Devenport, Mikaela Vidmar, and Brian Cutler False Recognition in Death Penalty Venue Surveys: Alternative Solutions, Ronald Dillehay Searching for Hate in Hate Crimes: Motivations for Antigay Violence, Karen Franklin v v v 1:00-1:50 p.m. v v v Invited Address: Tom Grisso, Chair 10:00-11:50 a.m. Symposium: Decisions about Scientific Evidence: Fo- Building a New Child Protection System: Problems with Legal Architecture, Gary Melton rensic Scientists, Expert Witnesses and Laypersons, Shari Diamond, and Jason Schklar, chairs v v v • Signal Detection Theory and Decision-Making in Fo- 2:00-3:50 p.m. rensic Science, Victoria Phillips, Michael Saks, and Symposium: Good Practice Recommendations for Line- Joseph Peterson ups and Photospreads, Gary Wells, Chair • The Experiences of Scientific Experts in the Legal System, Shari Diamond, Twana Harris, Timothy • Instructions on Viewing Lineups, Roy Malpass Lavery, Lori McKinney, Jason Schklar, Nicole • The Selection of Distractors, C.A.E. Brimacombe Schnopp-Wyatt, and Mei Xiao • Eyewitness Confidence, Steven Penrod • The Role of Jargon in Judgments of Expertise, Eliza- • A Comparison of Lineup Recommendations, Solomon beth Bennett Fulero • Improving Jurors Comprehension of Statistical DNA • Discussant: Mark Small Evidence by Inducing an Outside Perspective, Jonathan Loehler, and Laura Macchi v v v • Sources of Error and Opportunitites for Correction 4:00-4:50 p.m. in Response to Scientific Evidence, Shari Diamond Symposium: New Works on Capital Punishment, Edith and Jonathan Casper Greene, Chair • Discussant: Joseph Sander • Capital Mitigation and the Study of Lives, Craig Haney • Why Judicial Errors are Common in Capital Cases, Samuel Gross

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 23 v v v Saturday, August 16, 1997 11:00 -11:50 a.m. Discussion Session: Into the Lion’s Den: Politics, Sci- v v v ence, and Insanity Defense “Reform”, Solomon Fulero, 8:00-8:50 a.m. Chair Symposium: Psychic Trauma: Clinical and Forensic Is- sues, Richard Greenbaum, Chair Insanity Defense Reform in Ohio, Solomon Fulero • The Legal Aspects of Psychic Trauma, Martin Greenbaum Insanity Defense Reform in Massachusetts, Ira Packer • Symptomatic Biophysiological Substrates of Psychic Trauma: Symptom Formation, Treatment and Fo- Insanity Defense Reform in Arizona, Maureen rensic Implications, Michael Hughes O’Connor • The Use of Projective Tests in the Diagnosis of Psy- chic Trauma: Treatment and Forensic Implications, Empirical Perspectives, Lisa Callahan Richard Greenbaum Discussant: Michael Perlin

v v v v v v 9:00 -9:50 a.m. 12:00 -12:50 p.m. Symposium: Minorities in Prison: International Perspec- Concurrent Sessions tives, Melissa Warren, Chair Poster Session • First Nations in the Correctional Service of Canada, Rachel Mulloy Award Address: American Academy of Forensic Psy- • A Violence Prevention Program by and for Incarcer- chology Distinguished Contribution Award, J. Reid ated Maori Men, Murray Hahn Meloy, Chair • Native American and Hispanic Persons Incarcerated in Prisons, Eloy Romero and Alex Trujillo Help Wanted: Competent Expert - Knowledge of Eth- • Discussant: Melissa Warren ics, Statutes, Research, Assessment, Standard of Care Essential, Alan Goldstein

v v v v v v 10:00 -10:50 a.m. 1:00 -1:50 p.m. Symposium: History of Psycholegal Scholarship, Mark Award Presentation: Small, Chair American Board of Professional Psychology (ABPP) Distinguished Service Award. • Historical Representation of Legal Psychology in Texts and Law Reviews, Solomon Fulero Violence Risk Assessment: Findings from the • Content Analysis of Law and Human Behavior Ar- MacArthur Research ticles, Mark A. Small John Monahan • A History of Psychology’s Attempts to Influence the Courts: Uncertain Messages, Unclear Results, Please note that this talk is being sponsored by Lawrence Wrightsman ABPP and therefore will not be listed under Divi- • Discussant: Thomas Grisso sion 41 in the Convention Catalogue. The room assignment will be listed in the catalogue under ABPP

Page 24 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Saturday, August 16, 1997 Sunday, August 17, 1997 Continued v v v 8:00-8:50 a.m. v v v Symposium: Therapeutic Jurisprudence: A Medley of 2:00 -2:50 p.m. Papers, Alan Goldberg, Chair Paper Session: Forensic Assessment Issues, Randy Otto, Chair • Brain Injury, Mental Health and Therapeutic Juris- prudence, Alan Goldberg Effects of State Organizational Structure on Pre-Trial • Pregnant Substance Abusers and Therapeutic Juris- Competence Assessments, John Edens, Norman Poyth- prudence, Carrie Erlin ress, Robert Nicholson, and Randy Otto • Guardianships of the Elderly: Therapeutic Jurispru- dence and Least Restrictive Alternatives, Laurin Detecting Malingering in an Incarcerated Sample: An Eskridge Improved Screening Measure, Margaret Norris and • Discussant: Joel Dvoskin Mary May

MMPI-2 Scale Elevations of Malingerers in a Foren- v v v sic Sample, Elizabeth Weiner and Richard Frederick 9:00 -9:50 a.m. Paper Session: Violence Risk Assessment, Kirk The Predictive Validity of the BPRS in an Incarcer- Heilbrun, Chair ated Population, Lisa Brown and James Ogloff The Relationship Between Confidence and Accuracy in Violence Risk Assessment, Dale McNiel, David v v v Sandberg, and Renee Binder 3:00 -3:50 p.m. Presidential Address, Risk Factors for Juvenile Criminal Recidivism: The Jack Brigham, Chair Post-Release Community Adjustment of Juvenile Of- fenders. Kirk Heilbrun, William Brock, Dennis Waite, The New Phase of Child Witness Research, Ayonda Lanier, Martin Schmid, Gretchen Witte, Gail Goodman Michelle Keeney, Melissa Westendorf , Luis Buinavert, and Michael Shumate

v v v Validity of the Psychopathy Checklist-Screening Ver- 4:00-4:50 p.m. sion with Juvenile Offenders, Melissa Murdock and Division 41 Business Meeting Richard Rogers

v v v v v v 5:00 -7:00 p.m. 10:00 -11:50 a.m. Division 41 Social Hour, co-sponsored by The Ameri- Symposium: Forensic Assessment of Children: Current can Academy of Forensic Psychology Issues in Practice, Beth Clark, Chair

• Interviewing Preschoolers: A Test of an Innovative Technique, Joyce Dorado, and Karen Saywitz • Sexual Behavior in Children: Normative and Clini- cal Contrasts, William Friedrich, Jennifer Fisher, and Marcia Slattery • The Role of Skepticism in Child Maltreatment, Jef- frey Haugaard • The Assessment of Children Involved in Civil Liti- gation, Beth Clark

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 25 Sunday, August 17, 1997 v v v Continued 4:00 -4:50 p.m. Symposium: Involuntary Commitment: v v v Patient Characteristics, Review Panel 12:00 -12:50 p.m. Decision Making, and Risk Assessment, Paper Session : Women in the Criminal James Ogloff, Chair Justice System, Angela Browne, Chair • Involuntary Psychiatric Patient Characteristics and Lifetime Prevalence of Physical and Sexual Review Panel Decision Making, Victimization Among Incarcerated Women, James Ogloff and Isabel Grant Angela Browne, Brenda Miller, and Eugene Maguin • Violence by Psychiatric Patients: Validity of the HCR-20 Scheme and the PCL-SV, Psychopathy and Recidivism: Generalizing Kevin Douglas, James Ogloff, and Tonia Nicholls Across Genders, • Comparing Risk Assessments with Male and Female Randall Salekin, Richard Rogers, Karen Ustad, Psychiatric Patients: The Utility of the HCR-20 and and Kenneth Sewell PCL-SV, Tonia Nicholls, James Ogloff, and Kevin Douglas Examination of MMPI-2 Based Personality • Discussant: Dale McNiel Types in Female Forensic Patients, Judith Thompson, Nancy Wrobel, Gayle Wuttke, Leslie DiMaguila, and Vaishali Shaw

v v v 1:00 -1:50 p.m. Conference Notes Open

v v v 2:00-3:50 p.m. Symposium: Suggestibility in Children’s Eyewitness Memory: Controversy and Consensus, Mitchell Eisen, Chair

• Improving the Reliability of Children’s Reports, Karen Saywitz • Children’s Suggestibility: Issues of Reliability and Credibility, Maggie Bruck • The Practical Significance of a Child’s Interviewing History: Is There Too Much or Too Little Emphasis on Suggestive Interviews? Debra Anne Poole • Memory Reports of Maltreated Children: Examin- ing the Relations Between Suggestibility and Con- sistency, Mitchell Eisen, Gail Goodman, Suzanne Davis, and Jainjain Qin

Page 26 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Monday, August 18, 1997 v v v v v v 8:00-9:50 a.m. 1:00- 1:50 p.m. Symposium: Validity Issues in Child Custody Evalua- Invited Address: Shari Diamond, Chair tion: Conceptual and Empirical Approaches, Stephan Podrygula, Chair Understanding Child Abuse Claims Involving Religion, Rituals, or Repression: Implications • The Scientific Basis of Custody Decisions, for Psychological Theory, Barry Bricklin and Gail Eliot Bette Bottoms • Lessons from Research on Evaluation Practices, Marc Ackerman v v v • What Constitutes Validity? Stephan Podrygula 2:00 -2:50 p.m. • Discussant: Bruce Sales Symposium: Surviving Your Day in Court: Interplay Between Psychology and Law, Marion Gindes, Chair v v v 10:00-10:50 a.m. • Ethical Issues Facing Psychologists Symposium: A Forensic Analysis of Family Murder: in Courtrooms, Homicide in the House, Adam Weisman, Chair Donald Bersoff • APA’s Child Custody Guidelines 3 Years • Daughters Who Kill Their Mothers, Later: Have They Changed Anything? Adam Weisman Marc Ackerman • Parents Killing Children: A Revised • What Attorneys Expect from Psychologists Typology of Filicide, in Courtroom Settings, Missi Nadeau James Podell • MMPI-2 Profiles of Filicidal and Homicidal Women, • Discussant: Marion Gindes Geoffrey McKee v v v v v v 3:00-3:50 p.m. 11:00-11:50 a.m. Symposium: Internships and Career Opportu- Award Ceremony: Saleem Shah Award Presentation, nities in Law-Psychology, Lori Butts, Chair Kirk Heilbrun, Chair Susan Limber, Award Recipient • Internships in Psychology and Law, David Glass • The Federal Judicial Center, v v v Judith McKenna 12:00-12:50 p.m. • The Florida Mental Health Institute, Symposium: Psychologists’ Roles in Employment Dis- Paul Stiles crimination Cases, Marion Gindes, Chair

• Legal Standards in Employment Discrimination Cases, Jane Goodman-Delahunty • Proximate Cause: Psychological Evaluation in Em- ployment Discrimination Cases, William Foote • Psychologists’ Roles and Ethical Considerations in Employment Discrimination Cases, Marion Gindes

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 27 involved in being Chair. As Chair Lori Butts by May 25, 1997: Student Column for the term beginning in August 1) nominees’ name, address, phone 1998, responsibilities include chair- number, and E-mail address, ing meetings of the Student Section 2) the office for which the person officers and membership at the is nominated; and The Student Sec- 1999 APA Convention, attending 3) a brief paragraph (approxi- tion has under- Executive Committee meetings of mately 150- 200 words) writ- gone a change in AP-LS as an ex-officio member, ten by the nominee with back- officer positions. monitoring progress toward Stu- ground information and reasons For personal rea- dent Section organization goals, why they would be a good sons, Eileen handling correspondence with stu- choice for that particular office. Mello stepped dents, and developing and partici- down as Chair. pating in Student Section projects. In addition to officer elections, the As Past Chair, for the term begin- Student Section is busy preparing Lori Butts, Chair ning in August 1999, responsibili- for the 1997 APA Convention. Elect, assumed ties include attending meetings, fa- This year, the Student Section will duties of Chair cilitating continuity in the organi- present a symposium on psychol- for this year and zation, and participating in ogy-law internships, nontradi- will continue as projects. tional careers, and future direc- Chair next year. tions for research in law and psy- Secretary-Treasurer chology. We will also host a so- On a related This position requires a one year cial hour. We hope that all of you note, it is time to commitment. Responsibilities in- will attend the symposium and the submit nominations for next year’s clude attending meetings of student social hour. Student Section officers. Nominees officers and student membership at must be graduate students and mem- the 1998 AP-LS Biennial Confer- Last, but not least, Lori Thomas bers of the Student Section. Nomi- ence and the 1998 APA Conven- is updating the student directory. nees should have an E-mail address. tion, maintaining and updating the Please contact her with any name The terms of office will begin im- n Student Directory, welcoming new or address changes. mediately after the 1997 APA con- members, developing and monitor- vention. ing the budget in conjunction with other officers, facilitating corre- Nominations are being accepted for spondence, and participating in the following positions: projects. AP-LS Student Officers Chair Elect Newsletter Editor E-mail Addresses This position requires a three year This position requires a one year commitment--one year as Chair • Chair, Lori Butts: commitment. Responsibilities in- Elect, one year as Chair, and one [email protected] clude attending meetings of the stu- year as Past Chair. Therefore, we dent officers and student member- encourage nominations of students • Past Chair, Eileen Mello: ship at the 1998 AP-LS Biennial in the early years of their graduate [email protected] Conference and 1998 APA Con- programs. The Chair Elect attends vention, submitting a student ori- meetings of the Student Section of- • Secretary-Treasurer, Lori ented column for each AP-LS ficers and membership at the 1998 Thomas: lthomas Newsletter, and participating in AP-LS Biennial convention and the @law.vill.edu projects. 1998 APA Convention, maintains close contact with the Chair, par- • Student Newsletter To nominate someone or yourself, ticipates in and develops organiza- Editor, Trudi Kirk: please send the following informa- tional projects, and learns the tasks [email protected] tion by E-mail (or snail mail) to

Page 28 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Fellowships and Positions South Australian Government Clinical/Research Postdoctoral Fellowships The University of Missouri Chair in St. Louis Center for Trauma Recovery Forensic Psychology

Beginning September 1, 1997 University of South Australia

The Center for Trauma Recovery is The University of Missouri-St. The person appointed to this key affiliated with the Department of Psy- Louis is in the geographical cen- role will act as an academic leader chology and specializes in research, ter of the metropolitan area and and a focus for research in foren- training, and treatment of posttrau- was built on the rolling hills of a sic psychology within the school of matic stress disorder and related golf course 30 years ago. The stu- psychology. A Professor with symptomatology in trauma survivors. dent population is 15,000. St. strengths in both research and ap- The fellowship program includes ad- Louis, with a metropolitan area plied professional aspects of psy- vanced clinical research/training of 2.5 million is a vibrant, com- chology is sought. A five year con- along with seminars, clinical and re- fortable city with midwestern tract at $81,780 per annum is of- search supervision, and participation practicality and southern charm. fered. on existing funded research projects It is home to a world class or- on rape and domestic violence. Op- chestra, excellent theater, won- The School of Psychology was cre- portunities are available for supervi- derful restaurants, and major ated in 1994 and is still in its for- sion in cognitive-behavior therapies, league sports. The city has a mative stages. The Chair in Foren- grant writing, assessment, and out- range of recreational activities in- sic Psychology will play an active come research. Positions are open for cluding a number of parks, mu- role in the further development of one year with possible renewal. Can- seums, and the zoo, which are all the school. didates should have completed doc- free. St. Louis has a very reason- toral degree requirements, including able cost of living and was re- A leadership role in both under- an APA approved internship. Train- cently rated by Money Magazine graduate and post graduate pro- ing or experience in trauma therapy as one of the most livable cities grams is required including the de- is preferred. in the country. Submit letter of velopment and support of the Doc- interest, vita, and three letters of tor of Psychology which will be in- The staff of the Center for Trauma recommendation to: augurated in 1997. Two lecturers Recovery include Patricia A. Resick, in Forensic Psychology will be ap- Director, and five research assistant Patricia A. Resick pointed to the School in 1997 and professors. There are also 16 faculty Center for Trauma Recovery supported by the South Australian affiliates representing five depart- University of Missouri-St. Louis Government Department of Cor- ments of the University. 8001 Natural Bridge Road rectional Services to provide teach- St. Louis, MO 63121 ing and industry student placement The Center is housed in a new build- supervision. Applicants should ing which was designed specifically Review of applications will be- send a detailed curriculum vitae for Center activities and shared with gin immediately and will continue covering their teaching, research a child advocacy center. The Center until the positions are filled. The and professional practice experi- currently has three NIMH research University of Missouri-St. Louis ence. To obtain further information grants, clinic, sponsors a regular col- is an affirmative action/equal op- about the School and this position loquium series, and offers an under- portunity employer committed to and to obtain details contact: graduate certificate in trauma stud- excellence through diversity. n ies. The Department of Psychology Dr. Jacques Metzer, Head of School has an APA doctoral program in clini- Phone 61-8-8302-2956 cal psychology. E-mail [email protected] n

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 29 Fellowships and Positions Graduate Students Substance Abuse Research and Receive Dissertation Treatment Funding From AAFP Continued from page 29 Four psychology graduate students Allegheny University of the Health Sciences Institute for received monetary awards from the Addictive Disorders American Academy of Forensic Psychology after their applications Jerome J. Platt, Director were reviewed by a panel of three forensic diplomates—Drs. Mark Invites applications for postdoctoral or junior faculty positions in sub- Cunningham, David Shapiro, and stance abuse research and treatment, with an emphasis on forensic, crimi- Stuart Greenberg. The awards, nal justice, and legal policy applications. Opportunities for advancement, ranging from $750 to $1500, will including tenure-track appointment, are available for productive individu- be used by the students to defray als. Responsibilities will include participation in the design, conduct, and expenses associated with their dis- evaluation of alternative dispositional programs for drug-involved offend- sertations. ers; pre-sentencing and competency evaluations; and assessment, moni- toring, and treatment of impaired professionals. Participation is also ex- Jennifer Skeem, a clinical psychol- pected in research, including the writing of scholarly papers and grant ogy graduate student at the Univer- sity of Utah, received funding for proposals on the addictions as part of a highly productive research group. her dissertation which examines Doctorate in Psychology or related discipline and license eligibility in juror decision making in not guilty Pennsylvania is required. Background in criminal justice or law-psychol- by reason of insanity cases. Lynne ogy highly desired. Send vitae, letters of reference, and relevant reprints Sullivan, a graduate student at to: Simon Fraser University, received Douglas B. Marlowe an award in support of her disser- Institute for Addictive Disorders tation examining psychopathy and Allegheny University of the Health Sciences narcissism. JianJian Qin, of the Mail Stop 984 Broad & Vine Streets University of California-Davis, re- Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192 ceived funding for his dissertation examining reports of childhood n sexual abuse. Patricia Zapf, also An equal opportunity employer. of Simon Fraser University, re- ceived an award that will help de- frays costs of her dissertation ex- amining individuals’ competencies Fellows Application Deadlines in both civil and criminal settings.

If APA keeps to its deadlines, completed applications for fellow status should be re- AAFP currently anticipates that this ceived by Jan. 6, 1998. The criteria for fellow status are “unusual and outstanding contri- program, designed to assist gradu- butions or performance” in the field of psychology. An applicant must complete a uni- ate students conducting research in form fellow form, which I will send when the applicant requests it. Also send: the area of law and psychology, will be available in the coming year. l Three letters of reference on APA forms The likely application deadline will l A resume with refereed articles marked off l be in mid-January, 1998. Gradu- A statement summarizing professional contributions ate students who would like more It is helpful, but not necessary, that the nominee’s referees be fellows if not of the divi- information about this program sion, then at least of APA. Nominees must hold a doctoral degree, have been an APA should look for a call in the next member for at least one year, be engaged in the advancement of psychology in any of its AP-LS newsletter or contact Randy aspects, and have at least five years of professional experience after the doctorate. Of Otto, Florida Mental Health Insti- course, it is expected that the individual’s unusual and outstanding contributions will be tute, 13301 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., in psychology and law. Tampa, FL 33612 (otto@hal. fmhi.usf.edu). n Murray Levine, E-mail: [email protected], address: Dept. of Psychology, SUNY Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, phone: 716-645-3650, ext. 228, fax: 716-645-3801. n

Page 30 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 President’s Column Expert Opinion pitalization. Better yet, it might be ap- Threat to Public Safety propriate to refer the client to another A Working Mosaic professional colleague for the risk as- Continued from page 5 sessment, given that the original Continued from page 2 evaluator’s judgement may be clouded In regard to our publications, the AP- 1.07; 5.01). Unconsented to disclo- by his/her now personal involvement LS flagship journal, Law and Human sures are also not unethical if the pur- in the case (Principles 1.13; 1.20). Behavior, is now under the editorship pose of disclosure is to protect the cli- of Rich Wiener (St. Louis University) ent or others from harm (principle In sum, the key is to anticipate prob- and our newsletter is edited by Randy 5.05). These principles are echoed in lems, based on experience or knowl- Otto (Florida Mental Health Institute). the Specialty Guidelines for Forensic edge of the relevant literature, and to Ron Roesch (Simon Fraser University) Psychologists (CEGFP, 1991). Guide- then deal with those problems in the deserves much praise and gratitude for line IV(A) requires the evaluator to initial consultation by clearly setting his many years as editor of LHB, as inform the client during the first meet- out the ground rules of the profes- well as for currently serving as editor ing of factors, like personal relation- sional relationship, including what of our Book Series. The Publications ships, that might produce conflicts of may happen with otherwise confiden- Committee will soon begin to oversee interests. Guideline IV(E) requires the tial information. a web page for AP-LS, which is being evaluator to disclose information con- established by Steve Penrod and sev- cerning the client’s legal rights and References eral graduate students at the Univer- the intended uses of the evaluation. American Psychological Association. sity of Nebraska. The guideline on confidentiality cre- (1992). Ethical principles of psycholo- ates, among others, the particular duty gists and code of conduct. American In Closing to inform clients of the limits to con- Psychologist, 47, 1597-1611. I hope this brief summary provides a fidentiality (Guideline V(B)). sense of our division’s activities. I Committee on Ethical Guidelines for want to thank all of the members of Thus, given the nature of the referral Forensic Psychologists. (1991). Spe- the Executive Committee for their and the particular circumstances of the cialty guidelines for forensic psycholo- help in keeping the division and me case, the evaluator is expected to gists. Law and Human Behavior, 15, on track. What a terrific, cooperative, clearly communicate the options he/ 655-665. insightful group! Special thanks to she has decided he/she might exercise Past-President Kirk Heilbrun (Allegh- if the evaluator determines that the cli- eny University) and Treasurer Jim ent is seriously mentally ill and pre- “Expert Opinion” is edited by Ogloff (Simon Fraser University) for sents a genuine danger of imminent Barry Rosenfeld, 141 East 55th making my transition into the presi- and possibly deadly harm, whether it Street, Suite 9-B, New York, NY dency a smooth one. I hope members be disclosure to family members, to 10022. Direct inquiries or sugges- of AP-LS will feel free to contact me employers (here, the police depart- tions for topics to Dr. Rosenfeld at ([email protected]) with any ment), or for purposes of civil com- 212-802-8661 or via E-mail at: ideas, comments, or questions relevant mitment. Assuming there is a Tarasoff [email protected]. mci.net. to our mission. n duty to protect in this particular n psychologist’s jurisdiction, it would not pertain to threats made to the psy- chologist (because he/she is aware of AAFP the threat) but could pertain to the Home Page psychologist’s family. http://www. One can question under the facts here, i.e., the officer no longer has his own abfp.com/aafp weapon, the letters are only vaguely threatening, and the calls merely im- The American Academy of Forensic ply but do not explicitly threaten vio- Psychology now has a home page on lence, whether any external disclosure the Internet. Included is information is presently necessary. It might be about the Diploma in Forensic Psy- helpful to ask the client to return to chology, a listing of diplomates and the office for a further evaluation spe- their addresses, and schedules for cifically related to a risk assessment, AAFP continuing education seminars. (e.g., he could have acquired another Interested in taking a look? Pull up gun), and then to possibly refer for http://www.abfp.com/aafp. n medication or suggest voluntary hos-

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 31 Minutes ber who is currently Research Assis- tailed written materials about what Continued from page 18 tant Professor in the Department of the field entails, what courses a stu- Neuropsychiatry and Behavioral Sci- dent might take and how to antici- mittee on Relations with Other Orga- ences at the University of South Caro- pate a career in forensic/legal psy- nizations to work with Ron Roesch. lina and Assistant Director of the In- chology. The graduate programs in- stitute for Families in Society at USC. formation will soon be accessible on Establishing a Web Page The award this year is given for early the AP-LS web-site. 3) One commit- Steve Penrod contacted AP-LS about career excellence in policy work re- tee member is gathering information establishing a web page and is cur- lated to law and psychology. The com- on predoctoral and postdoctoral fo- rently working on it. Several gradu- mittee (Jack Brigham, Gail Goodman, rensic psychology opportunities. 4) ate and undergraduate students have Randy Otto, and Kirk Heilbrun The committee is gathering informa- been working with him and it is ap- (Chair)) reported that there were sev- tion for listings on the most impor- parently close to being up and run- eral strong candidates and that the tant/influential scholarly contribu- ning. Ideas for content included lists committee had a difficult choice. tions in the field. (The EC recom- of predoctoral and postdoctoral pro- mended that the committee contact grams, internships, tables of content The EC decided to keep a running an- AAFP which has already created ex- of LHB, newsletters, convention pro- nouncement in the Newsletter regard- tensive listings of materials and cases grams, links to related sites, syllabi ing this award to allow for early deci- for this purpose.) 5) The videotaped collections, bibliographic collections, sion-making to accommodate conven- lecture/discussion project has stalled. contact lists for division officers and tion scheduling deadlines. It is considered that the quality of the committee chairs, funding informa- project as initially conceptualized is tion, calls for papers, calls for conven- Motion: Tom Grisso moved and not likely to be able to be produced. tion submissions, job listings, etc. Diane Follingstad seconded the mo- tion that the Saleem Shah Award not Motion: Due to some unique diffi- The EC noted the importance of hav- allow for self-nominations but require culties with this project and other ing one designated person oversee outside nomination. The motion was available options to address this need, what is actually put on the web page, passed unanimously, pending ap- Patty Griffin moved and Jim Ogloff i.e., an editor of the web-site. Steve proval by AAFP. (Kirk Heilbrun will seconded that If the money for the Penrod will be asked if he will be will- contact AAFP.) videotaping project is not spent by ing to do this. Further inquiry is August 1997, the money will be with- needed to determine how the web-site Motion: Jack Brigham moved that the drawn and used for other purposes. will be maintained. Saleem Shah award extend the defi- The motion passed unanimously. nition of early career to six years in Request by the ABA for order to allow a professional two Dissertation Awards Committee Cosponsorship of a chances to apply for the award. Ron The chair of this committee, Caton Program Roesch seconded the motion. The Roberts, submitted a report to the EC. The ABA Criminal Justice Section re- motion passed unanimously. Ten dissertations were submitted for quested cosponsorship of the program the Dissertation Awards which was Nominations: The Increasing Use of Psychological Kirk Heilbrun pre- an increase in submissions over the Evidence by Criminal Defendants at sented the Nominations Committee’s past several years. An announcement a CLE annual meeting. Because there slate of officers which were voted upon of the decisions will be made at the are no known faculty for the program by the EC. The President-Elect nomi- Business Meeting of AP-LS at the at this date and it is unknown as to nees are: Pam Casey, Jim Ogloff, and APA Conference in August 1997. what the actual content of the program Larry Wrightsman. Nominees for Both 1996 and 1997 awards will be will be, the EC stated a reluctance to Treasurer are: Bette Bottoms, and conferred at the 1998 Biennial meet- engage in cosponsorship at this time. Mark Small. The nominees for Mem- ing of AP-LS. Recipients will be en- Gail Goodman will follow up with a ber-at-Large are: Brian Cutler, Nor- couraged to attend to present their response requesting that we look for man Finkel, and Steve Hart. work. further opportunities for collaboration. Careers and Training Committee Educational Outreach Committee Edie Greene as the chair of this com- Sol Fulero is the chairperson of this mittee submitted a report. 1) Work has Report of the Standing committee. He has found that part of begun on the fourth edition of the psy- the responsibilities of this commit- Committees chology and law syllabus collection tee has been to help rural areas gen- and should be completed sometime erate means to be able to afford their Awards and Nominations Fall 1997. 2) AAFP included a link part of the funding to bring in a Committee Awards The Saleem Shah to her E-mail site resulting in 150 re- speaker. They are required to cover Award, jointly given by AP-LS and quests for the graduate training pro- AAFP, will be given to Dr. Susan Lim- grams brochure. She recommends de- Continued on page 33 Page 32 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Minutes Continued from page 32 travel expenses while AP-LS provides Call for Nominations an honorarium for the speaker. Saleem Shah Early Career Award, 1998

Motion: Kirk Heilbrun moved and Sol Contributions to Fulero seconded the motion that 1) Law-Psychology Research educational outreach in terms of pro- viding honoraria for speakers not be Nominations are sought for the Saleem Shah Award, co-sponsored limited to out of the way places for by the American Psychology-Law Society/Division 41 of APA, and member speakers; and 2) the hono- the American Academy of Forensic Psychology. (No self-nomina- rarium be increased from $350 to $500 for member speakers. The motion was tions, please.) The Award will be made in 1998 for early career passed unanimously. excellence in law-psychology research. Eligible individuals must have received the doctoral degree (or the doctoral degree OR law Ethics Committee degree, whichever comes later, if both degrees have been earned) This committee is chaired by Steve within the last six years. A brief letter, outlining the nominee’s con- Golding and Tom Grisso. There was tributions in this area, should be sent to: no activity to report. An informational item indicated that APA is reworking Kirk Heilbrun its standards on testing and measure- Department of Psychology ment. Bill Foote is trying to have a Allegheny University of the Health Sciences, MS 626 special section placed within these standards on the use of tests in foren- Broad & Vine Streets sic settings. Philadelphia, PA 19102-1192

Ethnic Minority Affairs Committee Fax: 215-762-8625 Allen Brown is the committee chair- E-mail: [email protected] person. There was no report at this time. The EC recommended that AP- Nominees should also send a vita and representative publications or LS invite someone from APA to speak other work samples. The award confers a $2,000 honorarium and at the Biennial regarding ways to re- the opportunity to deliver an invited address at the APA Annual cruit minorities into the division. It Convention. Nominations must be received by November 1, 1997. was mentioned that Division 9 might also have ideas that could be pre- sented. Gail Goodman will investigate whether APA could send someone to past year, the committee received 41 awards, funding is insufficient. Larry the EC meeting in August to discuss proposals for funding. In the fall of Heuer highly recommends greater this topic. 1996, the committee awarded $2,135 funding. to 7 of the 19 applicants. The awards Fellows Committee ranged from $80 to $500. The com- Larry Heuer initiated the policy of ac- This committee consists of Murray mittee felt that the decisions were dif- cepting electronic submissions. This Levine as the chair, Charles Ewing, ficult but that the recipients repre- appears to be a popular procedure and Diane Follingstad, Roy Malpass, John sented truly outstanding proposals. In he recommends retaining it. He also Monahan, and Sue White. Some of March 1997, awards for the Spring recommended that at least one com- these committee members reviewed 1997 cycle were announced. In this mittee member have a clinical/foren- two completed applications. One ap- cycle, $2,286 were awarded to 11 of sic background due to half of the pro- plication has been forwarded to APA the 22 applicants, ranging from $116 posals pertaining to these issues. Sug- with a recommendation to approve. to $250. These proposals were also gestions for modifications of the Because Newsletter dates have been considered very strong. guidelines for proposal submissions out of sync with APA s time table for were as follows: 1) include a clear nominating Fellows, announcements The main problem which has oc- warning that proposal length limita- of nominations for Fellow status will curred due to the number of propos- tions will be strictly enforced; 2) en- be included in every Newsletter. als and small amounts of money able courage applicants to discuss the fea- to be awarded to outstanding propos- sibility of the proposed research (in- Grants-in-Aid Committee als is the inadequate amount of money cluding the likelihood of completing Larry Heuer has been the committee available for making appropriate chair of a very busy committee. In the awards. Even with a $500 cap on Continued on page 34

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 33 Minutes asked to compile a breakdown of — one by Jennifer Woolard and Dick members by gender and race. Reppucci on Juvenile Accountability Continued from page 33 (Due January 1998), and the other by projects requiring more funding that Publications Committee Larry Wrightsman on Judicial Deci- AP-LS can provide, and the likelihood Law and Human Behavior: Richard sion Making: Is Psychology Relevant? of completing work requiring the co- Wiener is the new editor of LHB hav- (Due January 1998). There is also one operation of other individuals or in- ing officially replaced Ron Roesch on other book proposal under consider- stitutions); and 3) require applicants January 1, 1997. He has chosen a new ation that is expected to result in a to indicate that IRB approval has been editorial board, three new associate contract. Ron Roesch has hopes of obtained, or agree that it will be prior editors (Patricia Frazier, James Ogloff, signing two other contracts this year. to initiating AP-LS funded research. and Norman Poythress), a book review The EC also recommended that an editor, and an editor for the associate Relations with Other Organizations abstract be required from the editors. There are also plans for a Committee investigator(s) upon completion of the home page on the Internet for the jour- Barry Rosenfeld, the committee chair, research. nal. has contacted the American Academy of Forensic Sciences (AAFS) which Motion: Rich Wiener moved and Kirk From December through March, 41 is a multidisciplinary forensic group. Heilbrun seconded the motion to rec- papers were submitted; 37% pertained It is possible that there could be an ommend that a cap of $10,000 per year to jury studies, 12% to children s is- ongoing symposium yearly sponsored with an individual cap of $500 per sues in the law, 10% to clinical foren- by AP-LS within AAFS. Since Barry award be designated from the budget sic psychology, 10% to eyewitness Rosenfeld is the co-chair of the pro- for grants-in-aid. The motion was scholarship, and 32% to issues of ju- gram for the AAFS conference in the passed unanimously. risprudence or social science in the coming year, he will plan on organiz- law (i.e., tort decisions, criminal li- ing such a symposium for the coming Membership Committee ability, procedural justice). The cur- convention. Diane Follingstad reported that the rent rate of rejection is approximately total membership currently is 2,595, 79%. There will be a special edition Women in Psychology and Law with 1,946 members who are APA on Gender and the Law in February, Committee members, 178 individuals who are 1998 (Editor: Patricia Frazier). The Beth Wiggins sent in a report on de- members-at-large, and 471 students. special edition in 1999 will com- velopments with this committee. Dur- This represents an increase of 275 memorate the 20th Anniversary of ing the August APA conference, the members within a one year period. LHB. Committee’s three working groups Since 1990, there has been an increase met in the AP-LS Hospitality Suite. of 800 individuals who are APA mem- Newsletter: The editor of the News- The three groups and their leaders are bers, and student involvement has al- letter, Randy Otto, reported that the (1) Children and Law (Bette Bottoms most quadrupled. The membership deadline for the next edition is April and Margaret Kovera); (2) Feminism report raised the issue of whether in- 14th. There has been a change in ad- and Psychology and Law (Karla dividuals applying for division mem- vertising policy with regards to the Fischer and Anne Pratt); and (3) Proof bership are screened for meeting ba- Newsletter. The postal rate will not be of Damages in Sexual Harassment sic requirements. Cathy Oslzly will be allowed if we advertise in the future. Cases (Nancy Baker and Jane asked to check to see whether mem- Because advertising revenues would Goodman-Delahunty). The Commit- bers-at-large meet basic requirements, not approximate the increase in postal tee also held its traditional Sunday otherwise applicants require a waiver rate, the decision was made to stop morning breakfast. by 2/3 of the EC. Cathy Oslzly will be advertising. Randy Otto will propose also be asked to prepare a list of new a stipend to appropriately compensate The Children and Law group is inter- members each year for approval at the the production editor of the Newslet- ested in preparing research position Annual Business Meeting at the APA ter who contributes approximately 40 papers on legal issues involving chil- convention. Jack Brigham will find hours per Newsletter. dren. The Committee would like to out what categories for membership solicit ideas for the papers via the exist in APA to determine whether our Book Series: Ron Roesch reported that Newsletter. The group contemplates categories are in line with those. The there are two books in progress with coordinating with Rich Wiener, as purpose for this would be to determine projected publication dates in 1998. chair of the Scientific Review papers, which category high school teachers One is by Kirk Heilbrun and Tom to identify appropriate topics and au- might fit in. Cathy Oslzly will also be Grisso is handling the editing of this thors. The group also produced (a) a one. The other is by Ron Roesch, Steve list of research and travel funding Hart and Jim Ogloff and should be sources, post-doctoral fellowships, ready to send to Plenum by May. There and internships that might be useful are two signed contracts for new books Continued on page 35

Page 34 AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Minutes Jack Brigham recommended having stage is a two-hour CLE at the ABA a professional from our division as the San Francisco Meeting on August 1, Continued from page 34 Council Representative who has ap- 1997 on Addictive Disorders (includ- for scholars with interests in children plied interests if the incoming presi- ing gambling) scheduled from 8:00- and law; (b) a directory of women in- dent of Division 41 does not have ap- 10:00 a.m. A psychology and law CE terested in collaborating, their ad- plied experience. This would be espe- program will be presented at the APA dresses and their research interests; cially important for attending the Ex- Convention in Chicago in 1988 by Jim and (c) a list of group members will- ecutive Round Table of Practice Divi- Ogloff. ing to serve as mentors to students sions which takes place the day be- with similar interests. fore the Leadership Conference. Bianca Cody-Murphy and Julia Ramos-Grenier are overseeing a The Feminism and Psychology and Tom Grisso will be the new Council project to document and highlight Law group is interested in gaining a Representative. about ten good programs in which better understanding of (and educat- psychology and law have cooperated ing others about) feminist legal and Third APA-ABA Working Meeting effectively in the past. This working research theories and how they might AP-LS Liaison, Jane Goodman- group is looking to hear about projects influence the work of AP-LS mem- Delahunty, reported on the task force that have worked well so they can con- bers. The group anticipates putting to- meeting between the two organiza- sider including these projects in the gether a related symposium for the tions. A theme throughout the meet- monograph. next Biennial meeting. ing was how to get Division 41 more involved in the Task Force activities. Proposed Budget Jane Goodman-Delahunty led an in- Donna Beavers, who works in the for 1997 teresting and focused discussion re- APA Office of General Counsel, has Over the course of the EC meeting, garding proof of damages in sexual been designated the APA Psychology- there were suggested increases in the harassment cases. The basis of this Law Coordinator. This reflects an in- budget for Newsletter expenses due to discussion would be a good topic for creasing awareness and need within paying for the production editor costs a Newsletter article. APA for resources on psychology-law and for an increase in grants-in-aid issues. from $4000 to $10,000. Student Section Lori Butts has stepped up to fill the Suggestions were that the EC might Motion: Jim Ogloff moved and Jack role of Chair. A symposium has been want to take steps to submit a data- Brigham seconded that the proposed organized for the APA Annual Con- base responsive to the task force re- budget be accepted for 1997. The vention on internships in psychology quest showing areas of interest or ex- motion was passed unanimously. n and law, non-traditional careers, and pertise of Division 41 members. In future research in psychology and law. addition, Division 41 might wish to Currently, the student section is fin- arrange for coordination between ishing their newsletter that will begin COLI and Division 41 in terms of psy- the nomination process for our upcom- chology-law presentations for the Bi- ing officers election. They are also fin- ennial, the 1988 APA Annual Con- ishing the Student Section Directory. ference, or the 1988 IAAP meeting There is activity as well to make sure which has a Psychology and Law sec- the Biennial conference will offer op- tion. Another suggestion was that the portunities for student involvement. EC might consider ways in which Di- vision 41 is included in COLI and APA Council other APA psychology-law activities. Representative The ABA’s Commission on Mental Jack Brigham attended APA Council Health & Physical Disability Law has this past year. In December 1996, the a project intended to assist state courts. Board of Directors approved in prin- This is a Benchbook on Psychiatric ciple a proposal for change in the sys- and Psychological Evidence and Tes- tem by which seating on the Council timony. The format will probably be a of Representatives is determined. This looseleaf binder to facilitate updates proposal has been forwarded to APA on 14-15 specific issues. Division 41 boards and committees, divisions and can provide consultation, particularly state/provincial psychological associa- reviewers in the various areas. tions. One program quite far in the planning

AP-LS NEWS, Spring/Summer 1997 Page 35 American Psychology-Law Society • MEMBERSHIP APPLICATION AMERICAN Division 41 of the American Psychological Association PSYCHOLOGY The American Psychology-Law Society is a division of the American Psychological Association and is comprised of individuals interested in psychology and law issues. LAW AP-LS encourages APA members, graduate and undergraduate students, and persons in related fields to consider membership in the Division. APA membership is not re- SOCIETY quired for membership in the American Psychology-Law Society. Student member- ships are encouraged. To join, complete the form below and send with dues to: Cathleen Oslzly, Dept. of Psychology, 209 Burnett Hall, Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, (E-mail: [email protected]).

Name ______Degree ______

Address ______

City ______

State/Province ______Country ______Zip Code ______- ______

Daytime Phone (_____) ______Internet ______

APA Member q Yes q No Field of Study (e.g., Psych., Soc., Law) ______Annual Membership Dues: (payable to Address changes American Psychology-Law Society) • APA members: send changes to APA Regular Member: $40.00 (includes Law Membership Dept., 750 First St. NE, and Human Behavior Journal) Washington, DC 20002-4242 Student Member: $ 6.00 ($24 with Law • AP-LS members, members at large or and Human Behavior Journal) students: send changes to Ms. Osl- For back issues of LHB contact: zly at the address above or via E-mail Cathleen Oslzly

American Psychology-Law Society Division 41 of the American Psychological Association Non-Profit Org. 13301 Bruce B Downs Blvd. MHH-115 U.S. Postage PAID Tampa FL 33612-3899 Permit No. 257 Tampa, FL IN THIS ISSUE:

Division1998 41 Biennial APA Convention Call for Papers Program