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Proquest Dissertations INFORMATION TO USERS This reproduction was made from a copy of a document sent to us for microfilming. While the most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this document, the quality of the reproduction is heavily dependent upon the quality of the material submitted. The following explanation of techniques is provided to help clarify markings or notations which may appear on this reproduction. 1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document photographed is "Missing Page(s)". If it was possible to obtain the missing page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages. This may have necessitated cutting through an image and duplicating adjacent pages to assure complete continuity. 2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a round black mark, it is an indication of either blurred copy because of movement during exposure, duplicate copy, or copyrighted materials that should not have been filmed. For blurred pages, a good image of the page can be found in the adjacent frame. If copyrighted materials were deleted, a target note will appear listing the pages in the adjacent frame. 3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., is part of the material being photographed, a definite method of "sectioning" the material has been followed. It is customary to begin filming at the upper left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. If necessary, sectioning is continued again—beginning below the first row and continuing on until complete. 4. For illustrations that cannot be satisfactorily reproduced by xerographic means, photographic prints can be purchased at additional cost and inserted into your xerographic copy. These prints are available upon request from the Dissertations Customer Services Department. 5. Some pages in any document may have indistinct print. In all cases the best available copy has been filmed. University Mootilms International 300 N. Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 8403491 Breckler, Steven James VALIDATION OF AFFECT, BEHAVIOR, AND COGNITION AS DISTINCT COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE The Ohio State University PH.D. 1983 University Microfilms I PItemcltlOn9.1 300 N. Zeeb Road, Ann Arbor, Ml 48106 VALIDATION OF AFFECT, BEHAVIOR, AND COGNITION AS DISTINCT COMPONENTS OF ATTITUDE DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Steven James Breckler, B.A., M.A. * » » » # The Ohio State University 1983 Reading Committee: Approved By Anthony G. Greenwald Thomas K. Ostrom Advisor Robert C. MacCallum Department of Psychology Copyright by Steven James Breckler 1983 Dedicated To My Mother and To My Father 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research in this dissertation was supported by a Graduate Alumni Research Award and a Herbert Toops Research Award (both to Steven J. Breckler), and by NSF Grant BNS 82-17006 (to Anthony G. Greenwald). The Behavioral Sciences Laboratory provided research space. Dissertation committee members Tom Ostrom and Bud MacCallum provided valuable feedback on an earlier draft of this dissertation. Anthony Pratkanis put up with the snakes, the mice, and me. Tony Greenwald has been more than just an advisor. He has been my nentor, friend, and role model. Thanks, Coach. This dissertation is dedicated to my parents. I don't think they'll understand much of this, but they'll love it anyway. iii VITA EDUCATION 1979 B.A. University of California'at San Diego, magna cum laude Major Field: Psychology Minor Field: Econometrics 1981 M.A. Ohio State University (Advisor: Anthony G. Greenwald) Major Field: Social Psychology Minor Field: Statistics 1983 Ph.D. Ohio State University (Advisor: A. G. Greenwald) FIELDS OF INTEREST Social Psychology Attitude Theory; Attitude Measurement Personality Experimental Research; Self-Concept Measurement Statistics Multivariate Data Analysis; Structural Equation Modeling Methodology Laboratory Research; Computer Use in Psychology HONORS University Fellowship -- Ohio State University Graduate School (1979) Graduate Alumni Research Award -- OSU Graduate School (1982) Herbert Tbops Research Award -- OSU Psychology Department (1982) THESIS Self-referent cognition and personality. Unpublished Master's Thesis, 1981. BOOK CHAPTER Greenwald, A. G., & Breckler, S. J. (in press). To whom is the self presented? In B. R. Schlenker (Ed.), The self and social life.. New Vork: McGraw-Hill. IV PAPERS PRESENTED Breckler, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (May, 1981). Favorable self- referent judgments are made faster than nonfavorable ones. Presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Detroit. (Resources in Education No. ED-205855) Breckler, S. J., Banaji, M. R., Greenwald, A. G., & Pratkanis, A. R. (August, 1981). An experimental analog of the self as a memory system. Presented at the 89th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Los Angeles. Greenwald, A. G., Banaji, M. R., Pratkanis, A. R., & Breckler, S. J. (November, 1981). A centrality effect in recall. Presented at the 22nd annual meeting of the Psychonomic Society, Philadelphia. Breckler, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (April, 1982). Location of the self in multidimensional trait space. Presented at the 53rd annual meeting of the Eastern Psychological Association, Baltimore. Breckler, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (August, 1982). Individual- differences in the processing of information about oneself. Presented at the 90th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washingtion, D.C. (Resources in Education No. ED-225062) Breckler, S. J., & Greenwald, A. G. (August, 1982). Charting coordinates for the self-concept in multidimensional trait space. Presented at a symposium on Functioning and Measurement of Self-Esteem at the 90th annual meeting of the American Psychological Association, Washington, D.C. (Resources in Education No. ED-226297) Breckler, S. J., & Pratkanis, A. R. (May, 1983). Self-referent decision making: A multidimensional representation. Presented at the 55th annual meeting of the Midwestern Psychological Association, Chicago. Allen, R. B., & Breckler, S. J. (December, 1983). Human factors of telephone-mediated interactive electronic games. Presented at ACM SIGPC/SIGSMALL conference, San Diego. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Page DEDICATION ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS iii VITA iv LIST OF TABLES viii LIST OF FIGURES xii Chapter I. INTRODUCTION 1 The Tripartite Model of Attitude Structure 2 History of the Tripartite Model 3 Theoretical Underpinnings of the Tripartite Model 6 Empirical Support for the Tripartite Model 8 Evaluation of the Model's Empirical Base 12 Requirement for a Strong Test of the Tripartite Model 14 Purpose of Dissertation 16 II. RE-ANALYSIS OF PREVIOUS VALIDATION STUDIES 18 Overview of the LISREL Model 18 Re-Analysis of Ostrom (1969) 21 Results and Discussion 23 Re-Analysis of Kothandapani (1971) 28 Results and Discussion 29 General Discussion 32 III. STUDY ONE 34 Method 36 Results 48 Discussion 52 VI IV. STUDY TWO 54 The Role of Past Experience 54 The Prediction of Overt Behavior 56 Overview of Study 2 59 Method 60 Results 65 Evaluation of the Tripartite Model 67 Behavioral Prediction Models 73 The Effects of Direct Experience 79 Discussion 82 V. GENERAL DISCUSSION 85 Summary of Results '85 Significance of Results 86 Future Directions 87 REFERENCES 90 APPENDIXES A. Questionnaire for Generation of Thurstone Scales 97 B. Item Pool for Construction of Thurstone Scales 102 C. Verbal Report Measures for Studies 1 and 2 109 D. Verbal Report Measures Added For Study 2 121 E. Re-Analysis of Fishbein and A]zen (1974) 138 F. Tables 144 G. Figures 186 vii LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1. Multitrait-Multiraethod Correlation Matrix from Ostrom (1969) 145 2. Oblique Factor Pattern from Exploratory Factor Analysis Data from Ostrom (1969) 146 3. Interfactor Correlations from Exploratory Factor Analysis Data from Ostrom (1969) 146 4. LISREL Estimates for Unknown Parameters of Figure 3 Data from Ostrom (1969) 147 5. Summary of LISREL Models Fit to Ostrom (1969) 148 6. Multitrait-Multimethod Correlation Matrix from Kothandapani (1971) 148 7. Oblique Factor Pattern from Exploratory Factor Analysis Data from Kothandapani (1971) 149 8. Interfactor Correlations from Exploratory Factor Analysis Data from Kothandapani (1971) 149 9. LISREL Estimates for Unknown Parameters of Figure 3 Data from Kothandapani (1971) 150 10. Summary of LISREL Models Fit to Kothandapani 151 11. Descriptive Statistics for Study 1 152 12. Distribution of Single-Item Self-Rating Scale 152 13. Correlation Matrix for Study 1 153 14. Oblique Factor Pattern from Exploratory Factor Analysis Study 1 154 15. Interfactor Correlations from Exploratory Factor Analysis Study 1 154 viii LISREL Estimates for Unknown Parameters of Figure 2 Data from Study 1 155 Summary of LISREL Models Fit to Study 1 156 Comparison of Intercomponent Correlations Across Three Studies 156 Descriptive Statistics for Study 2 157 Distribution of Single-Item Self-Rating Scale Study 2 158 Estimates of Reliability from Test-Retest Correlations 158 Correlation Matrix for Testing Tripartite Model Study 2: Session 1 159 Oblique Factor Pattern from Exploratory Factor Analysis Study 2: Session 1 160 Interfactor Correlations from Exploratory Factor Analysis Study 2: Session 1 160 LISREL Estimates for Unknown Parameters of Figure 2 Data from Study 2: Session 1 161 Correlation Matrix for Testing Tripartite Model Study 2: Session 2 162 Oblique Factor Pattern
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