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MATLAB/Simulink Implementation and Analysis of Three Pulse-Width MATLAB/SIMULINK IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF THREE PULSE-WIDTH-MODULATION (PWM) TECHNIQUES by Phuong Hue Tran A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering Boise State University May 2012 c 2012 Phuong Hue Tran ALL RIGHTS RESERVED BOISE STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE COLLEGE DEFENSE COMMITTEE AND FINAL READING APPROVALS of the thesis submitted by Phuong Hue Tran Thesis Title: MATLAB/Simulink Implementation and Analysis of Three Pulse- Width-Modulation (PWM) Techniques Date of Final Oral Examination: 11 May 2012 The following individuals read and discussed the thesis submitted by student Phuong Hue Tran, and they evaluated her presentation and response to questions during the final oral examination. They found that the student passed the final oral examination. Said Ahmed-Zaid, Ph.D. Chair, Supervisory Committee Elisa Barney Smith, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee John Chiasson, Ph.D. Member, Supervisory Committee The final reading approval of the thesis was granted by Said Ahmed-Zaid, Ph.D., Chair of the Supervisory Committee. The thesis was approved for the Graduate College by John R. Pelton, Ph.D., Dean of the Graduate College. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to take this opportunity to express my sincere appreciation to all the people who were helpful in making this thesis successful. First of all, I would like to express my gratitude to my advisor, Dr. Said Ahmed-Zaid for his valuable comments, guidance, and discussions that guided me well in the process of my thesis. I am thankful to my committee members ( Dr. John Chiasson and Dr. Elisa Barney Smith) for their comments and suggestions and their willingness to be my committee members. Most importantly, I would like to express my deepest thanks to my family for giving me a life of opportunities and backing me up in every corner where my life has been difficult. Thanks for all their care, support, encouragement, and inspiration all along in my academic endeavors. iv ABSTRACT With advances in solid-state power electronic devices and microprocessors, various pulse-width-modulation (PWM) techniques have been developed for industrial applica- tions. For example, PWM-based three-phase voltage source inverters (VSI) convert DC power to AC power with variable voltage magnitude and variable frequency. This thesis discusses the advantages and drawbacks of three different PWM tech- niques: the sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) technique, the third-harmonic-injection PWM (THIPWM) technique, and the space-vector PWM (SVPWM) technique. These three methods are compared by discussing their ease of implementation and by analyzing the output har- monic spectra of various output voltages (poles voltages, line-to-neutral voltages, and line-to-line voltages) and their total harmonic distortion (THD). The simulation results show that both the THIPWM and SVPWM techniques have lower total harmonic distortion than the SPWM technique. The THIPWM and SVPWM techniques in the under-modulation region can both increase the fundamental output volt- age by 15.5% over the SPWM technique. Moreover, the SVPWM technique can increase the fundamental output by about 5% in each of the overmodulation regions 1 and 2, respectively. v TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT . v LIST OF TABLES . viii LIST OF FIGURES . ix 1 Introduction . 1 1.1 Introduction . 1 1.2 Literature Review . 2 1.3 Research Motivation . 4 1.4 Thesis Organization . 5 2 Sinusoidal PWM and Third-Harmonic-Injection PWM . 6 2.1 Sinusoidal PWM . 6 2.1.1 Sinusoidal PWM Concept . 6 2.1.2 Modulation Index of Sinusoidal PWM . 9 2.2 Third-Harmonic-Injection PWM . 10 2.2.1 Concept and Calculation of Optimum Distortion . 10 3 Space Vector PWM . 16 3.1 Introduction . 16 3.2 Principle of Space Vector PWM . 17 3.3 Implementation Procedure of a Two-Level Space Vector PWM . 24 3.3.1 Angle and Reference Voltage Vector . 26 vi 3.3.2 Modulation Index of Linear Modulation . 27 3.3.3 Sector Determination . 29 3.3.4 Time Durations Ta, Tb, T0 ................................ 29 3.3.5 Determination of the Switching Times for Each Transistor Switch (S1 - S6)............................................. 36 3.3.6 Types of Different Schemes . 37 4 Space Vector PWM in Over-modulation Region . 44 4.1 Introduction . 44 4.2 Over-Modulation Mode 1 . 45 4.3 Over-Modulation Mode 2 . 51 5 Simulation Results . 55 5.1 Introduction . 55 5.2 Sinusoidal PWM . 56 5.3 THIPWM . 58 5.4 Under-Modulation of Space Vector PWM . 59 5.5 Mode 1 in Over-Modulation of SVPWM . 68 6 Comparison Between SPWM, THIPWM, and SVPWM Techniques . 75 6.1 Simulation Results . 75 6.2 Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) Comparison . 79 7 Conclusion and Future Work . 86 7.1 Conclusion . 86 7.2 Recommendations for Future Work . 87 REFERENCES . 89 vii LIST OF TABLES 3.1 Space Vectors, Switching States, and On State Switches . 21 3.2 Vectors, Switching Vectors, Phase Voltages and Line to Line Voltages as a Function of the DC Bus Voltage Vdc............................... 23 3.3 Voltage Vectors, Switching Vector, a and b ........................ 25 3.4 Sector Definition. 29 3.5 Time Intervals Ta and Tb for Each Sector . 34 3.6 Seven-Segment Switching Sequence . 37 3.7 Switching Pulse Pattern for the Three Phase for Each Sector . 41 3.8 Switching Sequence for Three-Phase PWM Technique . 42 0 0 4.1 The Time Intervals Ta and Tb for Each Sector . 48 6.1 Pole Voltage Vao in SPWM . 81 6.2 Voltages Vab, Van, and Vao in THIPWM . 82 6.3 Harmonics of Vao in Under-Modulation range of SVPWM . 82 6.4 Vao in Over-Modulation Region 1 of SVPWM . 83 6.5 Vab in the SPWM . 85 6.6 Van in the SPWM . 85 6.7 Vab in Under-Modulation of SVPWM . 85 6.8 Van in Under-Modulation of SVPWM . 85 6.9 Vab in Over-Modulation Region 1 of SVPWM . 85 6.10 Van in Over-Modulation Region 1 of SVPWM . 85 viii LIST OF FIGURES 2.1 Control Signal Generator for SPWM [27]. 7 2.2 Three-Phase Sinusoidal PWM Inverter [27]. 7 2.3 Three-Phase Sinusoidal PWM: a). Reference Voltages (a,b,c) and Trian- gular Wave b). Vao, c) Vbo, d) Vco e) Line-to-Line Voltages [27]. 8 2.4 One-Phase Third-Harmonic Injection PWM [17]. 14 2.5 Reference Voltages (a,b,c), Triangular Waveforms (VT ), and Output Volt- age (Vao;Vbo;Vco)............................................. 15 3.1 Under-modulation and Over-modulation Regions in Space Vector Repre- sentation [12]. 17 3.2 Three-Phase Bridge Inverter [11]. 19 3.3 Eight Switching Configuration of a Three-Phase Inverter [7]. 20 3.4 Space Vectors of Three-Phase Bridge Inverter [12]. 22 3.5 Flow Diagram for SVPWM Implementation [11]. 25 3.6 Fundamental of Voltage Waveform [10]. 28 3.7 Construction of Symmetrical Pulse Pattern for Three-Phase [20]. 35 3.8 Vre f Falls into Sector 1 [21]. 36 3.9 Switching Patterns in the Six Sectors [20]. 39 3.10 Switching Patterns of Six Sectors in Circle [20]. 40 3.11 Switching Sequence of all Six Sectors [4]. 43 4.1 The Two Over-Modulation Regions in Space Vector Representation [12]. 45 ix 4.2 Crossover Angle vs. Modulation Index in the Mode 1. 46 4.3 Over-Modulation Mode Region 1 [12]. 47 4.4 Trajectory of Reference Voltage Vector and Phase Voltage Waveform in Mode 1 [14]. 49 4.5 Holding Angle vs. Modulation Index in Mode 2 [11]. 51 4.6 Angular Displacement of Reference and Actual Voltage Vectors in Mode 2 [12]. 52 4.7 Trajectory of Reference Voltage Vector and Phase Voltage Waveform in Mode 2. 54 5.1 SPWM System Model. ..
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