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Visvesvarayatechnologic P a g e | 1 VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY Belgaum, Karnataka-590014 A Project Report On “IMPLEMENTATION OF SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR INVERTERS USING MATLAB AND SIMULINK” Submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of degree of Bachelor of Engineering In Electronics and Communication Engineering 2018-2019 Submitted by AKHIL CHOWDARY M 1NH15EC005 BUJJA AJAY 1NH15EC012 T S HIMAKEERTHI 1NH15EC121 Under the Guidance of Dr. K C R NISHA Professor Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, NHCE P a g e | 2 DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING CERTIFICATE Certified that the project work “IMPLEMENTATION OF SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION FOR INVERTERS USING MATLAB AND SIMULINK” carried out by the following Bonafide students of New Horizon College of Engineering in partial fulfilment for the award of Bachelor of Engineering In Electronics and Communication branch , of Visvesvaraya TechnologicalUniversity , Belgaum during the academic year 2018-2019. It is certified that all corrections /suggestions indicated for internal assessment have been approved as it satisfies the academic requirements with respect of project work prescribed for said degree. 1. AKHIL CHOWDARY M 1NH15EC005 2. BUJJA AJAY 1NH15EC012 3. T.S. HIMAKEERTHI 1NH15EC121 Internal Guide HOD Principal Dr. K C R NISHA Dr. SANJEEV SHARMA Dr. MANJUNATHA External Viva Name of the Examiners: Signature with date: 1. 2. P a g e | 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The satisfaction that accompanies the successful completion of task would be incomplete without mention of the people who made it possible, whose constant guidance and encouragement crown all efforts with success. We express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Sanjeev Sharma, Head of Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, New Horizon College of Engineering, for providing guidance and encouragement. We would also like to thank our project guide Dr. K C R Nisha Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering for her constant support and guidance without which this project would not have seen the light of the day. Gracious gratitude to all the faculty members of the department of ECE for their valuable advice and encouragement. Akhil Chowdary M Bujja Ajay T.S.Himakeerthi P a g e | 4 ABSTRACT Inverters produce an AC output waveform from a DC source. Three-phase Voltage Source Inverters (VSIs) are used in applications that require sinusoidal voltage waveforms of variable magnitude as well as variable frequency. These inverters are controlled using control techniques like Sinusoidal PWM (SPWM) and Space Vector PWM (SVPWM). SVPWM is a sophisticated control technique for generating a fundamental sine wave that provides a higher voltage to the motor and lower total harmonic distortion (THD). Such sophisticated control algorithms become easier to be implement with Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) as one of the fundamental advantage is the freedom of parallelism as different parts of FPGA can be configured to perform independent functions simultaneously. The objective of the project is to design and implement a three phase voltage source inverter using SVPWM control algorithm. The two level inverter topology is implemented on Field Programmable Gate Array(FPGA) is used for implementing SVPWM control algorithm. The control circuit is designed using an innovative methodology which significantly reduces the complexity of SVPWM implementation. The designed system is tested on a three phase induction motor. The designed system is simulated using MATLAB Simulink software and obtained results are tested against expected output and verified to be consistent. Future scope of the project is discussed as well. P a g e | 5 CONTENTS CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT Chapter 1: Modulation Techniques 1.1 Introduction 8 1.2 Pulse Width Modulation techniques 8 1.3 Classification of Modulation techniques 9 1.3.1 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) 9 1.3.2 Modified Pulse Width Modulation ( MPWM) 10 1.3.3 Third Harmonic Injection PMW 10 1.3.4 Space Vector Modulation (SVM) 11 1.3.5 Delta Modulation (DM) 11 1.3.6 Specific Harmonic Elimination (SHE) 12 1.3.7 Wavelet Modulation ( WM) 12 Chapter 2 :SELECTION OF MODULATION TECHNIQUE FOR THREE PHASE INVERTERS 2.1 Three phase Inverter 13 2.2 Motivation 16 2.3 PWM Techniques 16 2.4 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation 17 2.5 Space Vector PWM 20 2.6 SVPWM Principle 22 Chapter 3 : Analysis of SVPWM Technique 3.1 Switching States and Voltage Vectors 24 3.2 Time Calculation 26 P a g e | 6 3.3 Superior Performance of SVPWM 30 3.4 Total Harmonic Distortion 31 3.5 Conclusion 32 Chapter 4: MATLAB SIMULINK OF SPACE VECTOR PULSE WIDTH MODULATION 4.1 Angle Locating 33 4.2 Sector Locating 35 4.3 Time Calculation 37 4.4 Time taken by each switch in each sector 39 Chapter 5: OUTPUTS 40 References Appendix P a g e | 7 List of figures 2.1 Three Phase Inverter 14 2.2 Pulse Width Modulation 15 2.3 Reference Signals of the three phase sinusoidal PWM technique 18 2.4 Carrier signal of the three phase sinusoidal PWM technique 18 2.5 Generation of gating pulses through SPWM 19 2.6 Motor phase 21 2.7 Three phase voltage source inverter 23 3.1 Phase 24 3.2 Revolving of voltage reference vector across the sectors 25 3.3 Volt-Second balance 27 3.4 Dwell times method 1 28 3.5 Dwell Time method 2 29 3.6 Swithching pattern of sector 1 30 3.7 Forward and reverse sequences in sectors 31 3.8 Additional DC utilization by SVPWM 31 3.9 Current Ripple vector over a sub-cycle 32 4.1 Sector Identification 36 4.2 Time Calculation 38 P a g e | 8 CHAPTER 1 MODULATION TECHNIQUES 1.1 INTRODUCTION The various pulse width modulation techniques are explained in this chapter and list out their merits and demerits. After this discussion, the simple and well established motor friendly sinusoidal modulation, delta modulation and improved delta modulation techniques are explained. Their operation, the circuit design procedure and their inherent characteristics are discussed. The requirement of the V/F speed control method of induction motor drives is highlighted. Also the reasons for selection of these modulation techniques used to control the proposed soft switched PWM inverter fed induction motor drives are highlighted in this chapter. 1.2 PULSE WIDTH MODULATION (PWM) TECHNIQUES The output voltage of a voltage source inverter, can be adjusted by various methods such as external control of AC voltage on the output side of VSI, external control of DC voltage on the input side of VSI and internal control within the VSI. The most efficient method of internal control of VSI is by a PWM control technique used within the inverter itself. In the PWM method, a constant input DC voltage is applied to the inverter and a controlled AC output voltage with frequency is obtained. It is accomplished by adjusting the turn on and turn off periods of the inverter switching devices. Because of the advances in power electronics devices and modern digital control systems, the PWM inverters are used in various industrial applications to convert DC to AC and deliver AC power with various voltage and frequency levels to the load or motors. The energy that a PWM inverter delivers to a motor is controlled by the train of PWM control signal to the gates or the control terminal of the power electronics devices. 1.3 CLASSIFICATION OF MODULATION TECHNIQUES There are many types, of modulation techniques available, to achieve simple implementation and improved overall inverter efficiency in the practical applications. Basically, they are classified into two major types, namely carrier based modulation and carrier less modulation techniques. P a g e | 9 The carrier based modulation technique is further classified as Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) Modified Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM) Random Pulse Width Modulation (RPWM) Third harmonic injection PWM Space Vector Modulation (SVM) Carrier less modulation technique is further classified as Delta Modulation (DM) Specific Harmonic Elimination (SHE) Wavelet Modulation (WM) The main aim of these modulation techniques is to enhance, the output of the inverters. Various techniques are designed to control the PWM inverter switches in order to shape up the PWM inverter output AC voltage or current to be very close to sine waveform. The quality of these, PWM techniques, depends on the amplitude of the fundamental component, the harmonic content in the inverter output, the effect of harmonics on the source, the switching losses, controllability and implementation. 1.3.1 Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) The classical sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique is the very simple and commonly used technique in most of the industrial applications. In the sinusoidal pulse width modulator for three-phase PWM inverter, the gate control signals are generated by comparing a three phase balanced sinusoidal reference voltage signal with a high-frequency common triangular carrier voltage signal. The intersection points of the sinusoidal reference voltage signal and the triangular carrier voltage signal determine the turn on and turn off instants of the switching devices. The sinusoidal reference voltage signal determines the amplitude and frequency of the PWM inverter output voltage. The main advantages of sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique are easy to P a g e | 10 implement and control. It has compatibility with most of the modern digital systems. In sinusoidal pulse width modulation technique, the fundamental frequency, amplitude and its total harmonic distortion are reduced by increasing the switching frequency. This will lead to the increase of switching losses and stress on the switching devices. 1.3.2 Modified Pulse Width Modulation (MPWM) The principle of generating the gate control signal in MPWM technique is two low-frequency modulating signals were compared with a high-frequency triangular carrier signal. One of the modulating signals is a reference to the output voltage to be synthesized.
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