Ultrafast Lasers: from Femtoseconds to Attoseconds
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Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (Ins) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals
nanomaterials Article Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals Tao Wang, Jin Wang, Jian Wu *, Pengfei Ma, Rongtao Su, Yanxing Ma and Pu Zhou * College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (Y.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (P.Z.) Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 3 June 2019; Published: 7 June 2019 Abstract: In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. -
Arxiv:1912.00017V1 [Physics.Atom-Ph] 29 Nov 2019
Theoretical Atto-nano Physics Marcelo F. Ciappina1 and Maciej Lewenstein2, 3 1Institute of Physics of the ASCR, ELI-Beamlines, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague, Czech Republic 2ICFO - Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain 3ICREA - Instituci´oCatalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan¸cats,Lluis Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain (Dated: December 3, 2019) Two emerging areas of research, attosecond and nanoscale physics, have recently started to merge. Attosecond physics deals with phenomena occurring when ultrashort laser pulses, with duration on the femto- and sub-femtosecond time scales, interact with atoms, molecules or solids. The laser- induced electron dynamics occurs natively on a timescale down to a few hundred or even tens of attoseconds (1 attosecond=1 as=10−18 s), which is of the order of the optical field cycle. For com- parison, the revolution of an electron on a 1s orbital of a hydrogen atom is ∼ 152 as. On the other hand, the second topic involves the manipulation and engineering of mesoscopic systems, such as solids, metals and dielectrics, with nanometric precision. Although nano-engineering is a vast and well-established research field on its own, the combination with intense laser physics is relatively recent. We present a comprehensive theoretical overview of the tools to tackle and understand the physics that takes place when short and intense laser pulses interact with nanosystems, such as metallic and dielectric nanostructures. In particular we elucidate how the spatially inhomogeneous laser induced fields at a nanometer scale modify the laser-driven electron dynamics. -
Atomic Clocks, 14–19, 89–94 Attosecond Laser Pulses, 55–57
Index high-order harmonic generation, A 258–261 in strong laser fields, 238–243 Atomic clocks, 14–19, 89–94 in weak field regime, 274-277 Attosecond laser pulses, 55–57 metal-ligand charge-transfer, 253–254 organic chemical conversion, C 249–251 pulse shaping, 269–274 CARS microscopy with ultrashort quantum ladder climbing, 285–287 pulses, 24–25 simple shaped pulses, 235–238 Chirped-pulse amplification, 54–55 Tannor-Kosloff-Rice scheme, phase preservation in, 54–5 232–235 Chirped pulses, 271, 274–277, 235–238 via many-parameter control in liquid Coherent control, 225–266, 267–304, phase, 252–255 atoms and dimers in gas phase, Coherent transients, 274–285 228–243 bond-selective photochemistry, 248–249 D closed-loop pulse shaping, 244–246 coherent coupling, 238–243 Dielectric breakdown, 305–329 molecular electronic states, in oxide thin films, 318 238–241 phenomenological model of, 316 atomic electronic states, retrieval of dielectric constant, 322 241–243 Difference frequency generation, 123 coherent transients, 274–285 Dynamics, 146–148, 150, 167–196, control of electron motion, 255–261 187–224 control of photo-isomerization, of electronic states, 146–148 254–255 of excitonic states, 150 control of two-photon transitions, hydrogen bond dynamics, 167–196 285-287 molecular dynamics, 187–196 332 Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy Femtosecond optical frequency combs, E 1–8, 12–21, 55–57, 87–108, 109–112, 120–128 Exciton-vibration interaction, 153–158 absolute phase control of, 55–57 dynamic intensity borrowing, attosecond pulses, 55–57 156–158 carrier-envelope offset frequency, Franck-Condon type, 159 3, 121 Herzberg-Teller type, 159–160 carrier envelope phase, 2, 121 interactions, 14–19 mid-infrared, 19-21, 120–127 F molecular spectroscopy with, 12–14 Femtochemistry, 198, 226 optical frequency standards, 14–19 Femtosecond lasers, 1–27 optical atomic clocks, 14–19, external optical cavities, 21–25 89–94 high resolution spectroscopy with, Femtosecond photon echoes. -
Pulse Shaping and Ultrashort Laser Pulse Filamentation for Applications in Extreme Nonlinear Optics Antonio Lotti
Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics Antonio Lotti To cite this version: Antonio Lotti. Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. Optics [physics.optics]. Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. English. pastel-00665670 HAL Id: pastel-00665670 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665670 Submitted on 2 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITA` DEGLI STUDI DELL’INSUBRIA ECOLE´ POLYTECHNIQUE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR IN PHYSICS Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. Antonio Lotti Date of defense: February 1, 2012 Examining committee: ∗ Advisor Daniele FACCIO Assistant Prof. at University of Insubria Advisor Arnaud COUAIRON Senior Researcher at CNRS Reviewer John DUDLEY Prof. at University of Franche-Comte´ Reviewer Danilo GIULIETTI Prof. at University of Pisa President Antonello DE MARTINO Senior Researcher at CNRS Paolo DI TRAPANI Associate Prof. at University of Insubria Alberto PAROLA Prof. at University of Insubria Luca TARTARA Assistant Prof. at University of Pavia ∗ current position: Reader in Physics at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Abstract English abstract This thesis deals with numerical studies of the properties and applications of spatio-temporally coupled pulses, conical wavepackets and laser filaments, in strongly nonlinear processes, such as harmonic generation and pulse reshap- ing. -
Autocorrelation and Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Measurements Based on the Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaseous Medium
Appl. Sci. 2015, 5, 136-144; doi:10.3390/app5020136 OPEN ACCESS applied sciences ISSN 2076-3417 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Article Autocorrelation and Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Measurements Based on the Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaseous Medium Yoshinari Takao 1,†, Tomoko Imasaka 2,†, Yuichiro Kida 1,† and Totaro Imasaka 1,3,* 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (Y.K.) 2 Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Division of Optoelectronics and Photonics, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-92-802-2883; Fax: +81-92-802-2888. Academic Editor: Takayoshi Kobayashi Received: 7 April 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 / Published: 9 June 2015 Abstract: A gas was utilized in producing the third harmonic emission as a nonlinear optical medium for autocorrelation and frequency-resolved optical gating measurements to evaluate the pulse width and chirp of a Ti:sapphire laser. Due to a wide frequency domain available for a gas, this approach has potential for use in measuring the pulse width in the optical (ultraviolet/visible) region beyond one octave and thus for measuring an optical pulse width less than 1 fs. -
Attosecond Science on the East Coast
Attosecond Science on the East Coast Luca Argenti, Zenghu Chang, Michael Chini, Madhab Neupane, Mihai Vaida, and Li Fang Department of Physics & CREOL University of Central Florida The steady progress experienced by extreme non-linear optics and pulsed laser technology during the last decade of the XX century led to a transformative backthrough: the generation, in 2001, of the first attosecond extreme ultraviolet pulse. This was a revolutionary achievement, as the attosecond is the natural timescale of electronic motion in matter. The advent of attosecond pulses, therefore, opened the way to the time-resolved study of correlated electron dynamics in atoms, molecules, surfaces, and solids, to the coherent control of charge-transfer processes in chemical reactions and in nano-devices as well as, possibly, to ultrafast processing of quantum information. Attosecond research has been in a state of tumultuous growth ever since, giving rise to countless high-profile publications, the formation of a large international research community, and the appearance of new leading research hubs across the world. The University of Central Florida is one of them, establishing itself as the center of excellence for attosecond science on the US East Coast. The UCF Physics Department and CREOL host six internationally recognized leaders in attosecond science, Zenghu Chang, Michael Chini, Luca Argenti, Madhab Neupane, Mihai Vaida, and Li Fang (listed in the order they joined UCF), covering virtually all branches of this discipline, with topics ranging from theoretical photoelectron spectroscopy, to high-harmonic generation in gases and solids, the transient-absorption study of molecular core-holes decay, the time and angularly-resolved photoemission from topological insulators, heterogeneous catalysis control, and ultrafast nanoplasma physics. -
Generation of Attosecond Light Pulses from Gas and Solid State Media
hv photonics Review Generation of Attosecond Light Pulses from Gas and Solid State Media Stefanos Chatziathanasiou 1, Subhendu Kahaly 2, Emmanouil Skantzakis 1, Giuseppe Sansone 2,3,4, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens 2,5, Stefan Haessler 5, Katalin Varju 2,6, George D. Tsakiris 7, Dimitris Charalambidis 1,2 and Paraskevas Tzallas 1,2,* 1 Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, PO Box 1527, GR71110 Heraklion (Crete), Greece; [email protected] (S.C.); [email protected] (E.S.); [email protected] (D.C.) 2 ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Kft., Dugonics ter 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary; [email protected] (S.K.); [email protected] (G.S.); [email protected] (R.L.-M.); [email protected] (K.V.) 3 Physikalisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 4 Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy 5 Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, Université Paris-Saclay, 91761 Palaiseau CEDEX, France; [email protected] 6 Department of Optics and Quantum Electronics, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 9., 6720 Szeged, Hungary 7 Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 25 February 2017; Accepted: 27 March 2017; Published: 31 March 2017 Abstract: Real-time observation of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm is a fundamental approach for understanding the internal evolution of physical, chemical and biological systems. Tools for tracing such dynamics are flashes of light with duration comparable to or shorter than the characteristic evolution times of the system under investigation. -
Early-Stage Dynamics of Chloride Ion–Pumping Rhodopsin Revealed by a Femtosecond X-Ray Laser
Early-stage dynamics of chloride ion–pumping rhodopsin revealed by a femtosecond X-ray laser Ji-Hye Yuna,1, Xuanxuan Lib,c,1, Jianing Yued, Jae-Hyun Parka, Zeyu Jina, Chufeng Lie, Hao Hue, Yingchen Shib,c, Suraj Pandeyf, Sergio Carbajog, Sébastien Boutetg, Mark S. Hunterg, Mengning Liangg, Raymond G. Sierrag, Thomas J. Laneg, Liang Zhoud, Uwe Weierstalle, Nadia A. Zatsepine,h, Mio Ohkii, Jeremy R. H. Tamei, Sam-Yong Parki, John C. H. Spencee, Wenkai Zhangd, Marius Schmidtf,2, Weontae Leea,2, and Haiguang Liub,d,2 aDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749 Seoul, South Korea; bComplex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; cDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100086 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; dDepartment of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Haidian, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; eDepartment of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; fPhysics Department, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201; gLinac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025; hDepartment of Chemistry and Physics, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; and iDrug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan Edited by Nicholas K. Sauter, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Axel T. Brunger February 21, 2021 (received for review September 30, 2020) Chloride ion–pumping rhodopsin (ClR) in some marine bacteria uti- an acceptor aspartate (13–15). -
The Science and Applications of Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers
THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS: Opportunities in science and technology using the brightest light known to man A report on the SAUUL workshop held, June 17-19, 2002 THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS (SAUUL) A report on the SAUUL workshop, held in Washington DC, June 17-19, 2002 Workshop steering committee: Philip Bucksbaum (University of Michigan) Todd Ditmire (University of Texas) Louis DiMauro (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Joseph Eberly (University of Rochester) Richard Freeman (University of California, Davis) Michael Key (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Wim Leemans (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) David Meyerhofer (LLE, University of Rochester) Gerard Mourou (CUOS, University of Michigan) Martin Richardson (CREOL, University of Central Florida) 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents . 3 Executive Summary . 5 1. Introduction . 7 1.1 Overview . 7 1.2 Summary . 8 1.3 Scientific Impact Areas . 9 1.4 The Technology of UULs and its impact. .13 1.5 Grand Challenges. .15 2. Scientific Opportunities Presented by Research with Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers . .17 2.1 Basic High-Field Science . .18 2.2 Ultrafast X-ray Generation and Applications . .23 2.3 High Energy Density Science and Lab Astrophysics . .29 2.4 Fusion Energy and Fast Ignition. .34 2.5 Advanced Particle Acceleration and Ultrafast Nuclear Science . .40 3. Advanced UUL Technology . .47 3.1 Overview . .47 3.2 Important Research Areas in UUL Development. .48 3.3 New Architectures for Short Pulse Laser Amplification . .51 4. Present State of UUL Research Worldwide . .53 5. Conclusions and Findings . .61 Appendix A: A Plan for Organizing the UUL Community in the United States . -
Comparing Femtosecond Lasers an Analysis of Commercially Available Platforms for Refractive Surgery
REFRACTIVE SURGERY FEATURE STORY Comparing Femtosecond Lasers An analysis of commercially available platforms for refractive surgery. BY JAY S. PEPOSE, MD, PHD, AND HOLGER LUBATSCHOWSKI, PHD ith the increasing popularity and expanding A BCD applications of femtosecond lasers in oph- thalmology,1,2 refractive surgery in particular, W a common question among practitioners is, how do the platforms differ? Currently commercially avail- able in the United States are the IntraLase FS (Advanced Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA), Femto LDV (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems Group, Port, Switzerland), Femtec (20/10 Perfect Vision AG, Heidelberg, Germany), and VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). A meaningful comparison requires some basic concepts of femtosecond laser physics and tissue interactions,3-5 important aspects of which are reviewed in this article. Figure 1. The course of a photodisruptive process is shown.Due BASIC PRINCIPLES to multiphoton absorption in the focus of the laser beam,plasma How short is ultrashort? The definition of a femtosec- develops (A).Depending on the laser parameter,the diameter ond is 10-15 seconds (ie, one millionth of a billionth of a varies between 0.5 µm to several micrometers.The expanding second). Putting that information into comprehensible plasma drives as a shock wave,which transforms after a few terms, it takes 1.2 seconds for light to travel from the microns to an acoustic transient (B).In addition to the shock moon to an earthbound observer’s retinas. In 100 fem- wave’s generation,the expanding plasma has pushed the sur- toseconds, light traverses 30 µm—around one-third the rounding medium away from its center,which results in a cavita- thickness of a human hair. -
Terahertz-Time Domain Spectrometer with 90 Db Peak Dynamic Range
J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves DOI 10.1007/s10762-014-0085-9 Terahertz-time domain spectrometer with 90 dB peak dynamic range N. Vieweg & F. Rettich & A. Deninger & H. Roehle & R. Dietz & T. Göbel & M. Schell Received: 24 January 2014 /Accepted: 12 June 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Many time-domain terahertz applications require systems with high bandwidth, high signal-to-noise ratio and fast measurement speed. In this paper we present a terahertz time-domain spectrometer based on 1550 nm fiber laser technology and InGaAs photocon- ductive switches. The delay stage offers both a high scanning speed of up to 60 traces / s and a flexible adjustment of the measurement range from 15 ps – 200 ps. Owing to a precise reconstruction of the time axis, the system achieves a high dynamic range: a single pulse trace of 50 ps is acquired in only 44 ms, and transformed into a spectrum with a peak dynamic range of 60 dB. With 1000 averages, the dynamic range increases to 90 dB and the measurement time still remains well below one minute. We demonstrate the suitability of the system for spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging. Keywords terahertz time domain spectroscopy. femtosecond fiber laser. InGaAs photoconductive switches . terahertz imaging 1 Introduction Terahertz waves feature unique properties: like microwaves, terahertz radiation passes through a plethora of non-conducting materials, including paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, ceramics and glass-fiber composites [1]. In contrast to microwaves, terahertz waves have a smaller wavelength and thus offer sub-millimeter spatial resolution. -
University of Southampton Research Repository Eprints Soton
University of Southampton Research Repository ePrints Soton Copyright © and Moral Rights for this thesis are retained by the author and/or other copyright owners. A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge. This thesis cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the copyright holder/s. The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given e.g. AUTHOR (year of submission) "Full thesis title", University of Southampton, name of the University School or Department, PhD Thesis, pagination http://eprints.soton.ac.uk UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS Optoelectronics Research Centre Polarization engineering with ultrafast laser writing in transparent media by Martynas Beresna Thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy August 2012 UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHAMPTON ABSTRACT FACULTY OF ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS OPTOELECTRONICS RESEARCH CENTRE Doctor of Philosophy Polarization engineering with ultrafast laser writing in transparent media By Martynas Beresna In this thesis novel developments in the field of femtosecond laser material processing are reported. Thanks to the unique properties of light-matter interaction on ultrashort time scales, this direct writing technique allowed the observation of unique phenomena in transparent media and the engineering of novel polarization devices. Using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses’, high average power second harmonic light was generated in the air with two orders of magnitude higher normalised efficiency than reported by earlier studies.