Femtosecond Pulse Generation
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Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (Ins) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals
nanomaterials Article Near-Infrared Optical Modulation for Ultrashort Pulse Generation Employing Indium Monosulfide (InS) Two-Dimensional Semiconductor Nanocrystals Tao Wang, Jin Wang, Jian Wu *, Pengfei Ma, Rongtao Su, Yanxing Ma and Pu Zhou * College of Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China; [email protected] (T.W.); [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (P.M.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (Y.M.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.W.); [email protected] (P.Z.) Received: 14 May 2019; Accepted: 3 June 2019; Published: 7 June 2019 Abstract: In recent years, metal chalcogenide nanomaterials have received much attention in the field of ultrafast lasers due to their unique band-gap characteristic and excellent optical properties. In this work, two-dimensional (2D) indium monosulfide (InS) nanosheets were synthesized through a modified liquid-phase exfoliation method. In addition, a film-type InS-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) saturable absorber (SA) was prepared as an optical modulator to generate ultrashort pulses. The nonlinear properties of the InS-PVA SA were systematically investigated. The modulation depth and saturation intensity of the InS-SA were 5.7% and 6.79 MW/cm2, respectively. By employing this InS-PVA SA, a stable, passively mode-locked Yb-doped fiber laser was demonstrated. At the fundamental frequency, the laser operated at 1.02 MHz, with a pulse width of 486.7 ps, and the maximum output power was 1.91 mW. By adjusting the polarization states in the cavity, harmonic mode-locked phenomena were also observed. To our knowledge, this is the first time an ultrashort pulse output based on InS has been achieved. -
Pulse Shaping and Ultrashort Laser Pulse Filamentation for Applications in Extreme Nonlinear Optics Antonio Lotti
Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics Antonio Lotti To cite this version: Antonio Lotti. Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. Optics [physics.optics]. Ecole Polytechnique X, 2012. English. pastel-00665670 HAL Id: pastel-00665670 https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00665670 Submitted on 2 Feb 2012 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. UNIVERSITA` DEGLI STUDI DELL’INSUBRIA ECOLE´ POLYTECHNIQUE THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF PHILOSOPHIÆ DOCTOR IN PHYSICS Pulse shaping and ultrashort laser pulse filamentation for applications in extreme nonlinear optics. Antonio Lotti Date of defense: February 1, 2012 Examining committee: ∗ Advisor Daniele FACCIO Assistant Prof. at University of Insubria Advisor Arnaud COUAIRON Senior Researcher at CNRS Reviewer John DUDLEY Prof. at University of Franche-Comte´ Reviewer Danilo GIULIETTI Prof. at University of Pisa President Antonello DE MARTINO Senior Researcher at CNRS Paolo DI TRAPANI Associate Prof. at University of Insubria Alberto PAROLA Prof. at University of Insubria Luca TARTARA Assistant Prof. at University of Pavia ∗ current position: Reader in Physics at Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh Abstract English abstract This thesis deals with numerical studies of the properties and applications of spatio-temporally coupled pulses, conical wavepackets and laser filaments, in strongly nonlinear processes, such as harmonic generation and pulse reshap- ing. -
Autocorrelation and Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Measurements Based on the Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaseous Medium
Appl. Sci. 2015, 5, 136-144; doi:10.3390/app5020136 OPEN ACCESS applied sciences ISSN 2076-3417 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsci Article Autocorrelation and Frequency-Resolved Optical Gating Measurements Based on the Third Harmonic Generation in a Gaseous Medium Yoshinari Takao 1,†, Tomoko Imasaka 2,†, Yuichiro Kida 1,† and Totaro Imasaka 1,3,* 1 Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan; E-Mails: [email protected] (Y.T.); [email protected] (Y.K.) 2 Laboratory of Chemistry, Graduate School of Design, Kyushu University, 4-9-1, Shiobaru, Minami-ku, Fukuoka 815-8540, Japan; E-Mail: [email protected] 3 Division of Optoelectronics and Photonics, Center for Future Chemistry, Kyushu University, 744, Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan † These authors contributed equally to this work. * Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: [email protected]; Tel.: +81-92-802-2883; Fax: +81-92-802-2888. Academic Editor: Takayoshi Kobayashi Received: 7 April 2015 / Accepted: 3 June 2015 / Published: 9 June 2015 Abstract: A gas was utilized in producing the third harmonic emission as a nonlinear optical medium for autocorrelation and frequency-resolved optical gating measurements to evaluate the pulse width and chirp of a Ti:sapphire laser. Due to a wide frequency domain available for a gas, this approach has potential for use in measuring the pulse width in the optical (ultraviolet/visible) region beyond one octave and thus for measuring an optical pulse width less than 1 fs. -
Early-Stage Dynamics of Chloride Ion–Pumping Rhodopsin Revealed by a Femtosecond X-Ray Laser
Early-stage dynamics of chloride ion–pumping rhodopsin revealed by a femtosecond X-ray laser Ji-Hye Yuna,1, Xuanxuan Lib,c,1, Jianing Yued, Jae-Hyun Parka, Zeyu Jina, Chufeng Lie, Hao Hue, Yingchen Shib,c, Suraj Pandeyf, Sergio Carbajog, Sébastien Boutetg, Mark S. Hunterg, Mengning Liangg, Raymond G. Sierrag, Thomas J. Laneg, Liang Zhoud, Uwe Weierstalle, Nadia A. Zatsepine,h, Mio Ohkii, Jeremy R. H. Tamei, Sam-Yong Parki, John C. H. Spencee, Wenkai Zhangd, Marius Schmidtf,2, Weontae Leea,2, and Haiguang Liub,d,2 aDepartment of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, 120-749 Seoul, South Korea; bComplex Systems Division, Beijing Computational Science Research Center, Haidian, 100193 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; cDepartment of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, 100086 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; dDepartment of Physics, Beijing Normal University, Haidian, 100875 Beijing, People’s Republic of China; eDepartment of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287; fPhysics Department, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53201; gLinac Coherent Light Source, Stanford Linear Accelerator Center National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA 94025; hDepartment of Chemistry and Physics, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Advanced Molecular Imaging, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia; and iDrug Design Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, 230-0045 Yokohama, Japan Edited by Nicholas K. Sauter, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, and accepted by Editorial Board Member Axel T. Brunger February 21, 2021 (received for review September 30, 2020) Chloride ion–pumping rhodopsin (ClR) in some marine bacteria uti- an acceptor aspartate (13–15). -
The Science and Applications of Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers
THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS: Opportunities in science and technology using the brightest light known to man A report on the SAUUL workshop held, June 17-19, 2002 THE SCIENCE AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAFAST, ULTRAINTENSE LASERS (SAUUL) A report on the SAUUL workshop, held in Washington DC, June 17-19, 2002 Workshop steering committee: Philip Bucksbaum (University of Michigan) Todd Ditmire (University of Texas) Louis DiMauro (Brookhaven National Laboratory) Joseph Eberly (University of Rochester) Richard Freeman (University of California, Davis) Michael Key (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory) Wim Leemans (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory) David Meyerhofer (LLE, University of Rochester) Gerard Mourou (CUOS, University of Michigan) Martin Richardson (CREOL, University of Central Florida) 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents . 3 Executive Summary . 5 1. Introduction . 7 1.1 Overview . 7 1.2 Summary . 8 1.3 Scientific Impact Areas . 9 1.4 The Technology of UULs and its impact. .13 1.5 Grand Challenges. .15 2. Scientific Opportunities Presented by Research with Ultrafast, Ultraintense Lasers . .17 2.1 Basic High-Field Science . .18 2.2 Ultrafast X-ray Generation and Applications . .23 2.3 High Energy Density Science and Lab Astrophysics . .29 2.4 Fusion Energy and Fast Ignition. .34 2.5 Advanced Particle Acceleration and Ultrafast Nuclear Science . .40 3. Advanced UUL Technology . .47 3.1 Overview . .47 3.2 Important Research Areas in UUL Development. .48 3.3 New Architectures for Short Pulse Laser Amplification . .51 4. Present State of UUL Research Worldwide . .53 5. Conclusions and Findings . .61 Appendix A: A Plan for Organizing the UUL Community in the United States . -
Comparing Femtosecond Lasers an Analysis of Commercially Available Platforms for Refractive Surgery
REFRACTIVE SURGERY FEATURE STORY Comparing Femtosecond Lasers An analysis of commercially available platforms for refractive surgery. BY JAY S. PEPOSE, MD, PHD, AND HOLGER LUBATSCHOWSKI, PHD ith the increasing popularity and expanding A BCD applications of femtosecond lasers in oph- thalmology,1,2 refractive surgery in particular, W a common question among practitioners is, how do the platforms differ? Currently commercially avail- able in the United States are the IntraLase FS (Advanced Medical Optics, Inc., Santa Ana, CA), Femto LDV (Ziemer Ophthalmic Systems Group, Port, Switzerland), Femtec (20/10 Perfect Vision AG, Heidelberg, Germany), and VisuMax femtosecond laser system (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Inc., Dublin, CA). A meaningful comparison requires some basic concepts of femtosecond laser physics and tissue interactions,3-5 important aspects of which are reviewed in this article. Figure 1. The course of a photodisruptive process is shown.Due BASIC PRINCIPLES to multiphoton absorption in the focus of the laser beam,plasma How short is ultrashort? The definition of a femtosec- develops (A).Depending on the laser parameter,the diameter ond is 10-15 seconds (ie, one millionth of a billionth of a varies between 0.5 µm to several micrometers.The expanding second). Putting that information into comprehensible plasma drives as a shock wave,which transforms after a few terms, it takes 1.2 seconds for light to travel from the microns to an acoustic transient (B).In addition to the shock moon to an earthbound observer’s retinas. In 100 fem- wave’s generation,the expanding plasma has pushed the sur- toseconds, light traverses 30 µm—around one-third the rounding medium away from its center,which results in a cavita- thickness of a human hair. -
Terahertz-Time Domain Spectrometer with 90 Db Peak Dynamic Range
J Infrared Milli Terahz Waves DOI 10.1007/s10762-014-0085-9 Terahertz-time domain spectrometer with 90 dB peak dynamic range N. Vieweg & F. Rettich & A. Deninger & H. Roehle & R. Dietz & T. Göbel & M. Schell Received: 24 January 2014 /Accepted: 12 June 2014 # The Author(s) 2014. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract Many time-domain terahertz applications require systems with high bandwidth, high signal-to-noise ratio and fast measurement speed. In this paper we present a terahertz time-domain spectrometer based on 1550 nm fiber laser technology and InGaAs photocon- ductive switches. The delay stage offers both a high scanning speed of up to 60 traces / s and a flexible adjustment of the measurement range from 15 ps – 200 ps. Owing to a precise reconstruction of the time axis, the system achieves a high dynamic range: a single pulse trace of 50 ps is acquired in only 44 ms, and transformed into a spectrum with a peak dynamic range of 60 dB. With 1000 averages, the dynamic range increases to 90 dB and the measurement time still remains well below one minute. We demonstrate the suitability of the system for spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging. Keywords terahertz time domain spectroscopy. femtosecond fiber laser. InGaAs photoconductive switches . terahertz imaging 1 Introduction Terahertz waves feature unique properties: like microwaves, terahertz radiation passes through a plethora of non-conducting materials, including paper, cardboard, plastics, wood, ceramics and glass-fiber composites [1]. In contrast to microwaves, terahertz waves have a smaller wavelength and thus offer sub-millimeter spatial resolution. -
14. Measuring Ultrashort Laser Pulses I: Autocorrelation the Dilemma the Goal: Measuring the Intensity and Phase Vs
14. Measuring Ultrashort Laser Pulses I: Autocorrelation The dilemma The goal: measuring the intensity and phase vs. time (or frequency) Why? The Spectrometer and Michelson Interferometer 1D Phase Retrieval Autocorrelation 1D Phase Retrieval E(t) Single-shot autocorrelation E(t–) The Autocorrelation and Spectrum Ambiguities Third-order Autocorrelation Interferometric Autocorrelation 1 The Dilemma In order to measure an event in time, you need a shorter one. To study this event, you need a strobe light pulse that’s shorter. Photograph taken by Harold Edgerton, MIT But then, to measure the strobe light pulse, you need a detector whose response time is even shorter. And so on… So, now, how do you measure the shortest event? 2 Ultrashort laser pulses are the shortest technological events ever created by humans. It’s routine to generate pulses shorter than 10-13 seconds in duration, and researchers have generated pulses only a few fs (10-15 s) long. Such a pulse is to one second as 5 cents is to the US national debt. Such pulses have many applications in physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. You can measure any event—as long as you’ve got a pulse that’s shorter. So how do you measure the pulse itself? You must use the pulse to measure itself. But that isn’t good enough. It’s only as short as the pulse. It’s not shorter. Techniques based on using the pulse to measure itself are subtle. 3 Why measure an ultrashort laser pulse? To determine the temporal resolution of an experiment using it. To determine whether it can be made even shorter. -
The Effect of Long Timescale Gas Dynamics on Femtosecond Filamentation
The effect of long timescale gas dynamics on femtosecond filamentation Y.-H. Cheng, J. K. Wahlstrand, N. Jhajj, and H. M. Milchberg* Institute for Research in Electronics and Applied Physics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA *[email protected] Abstract: Femtosecond laser pulses filamenting in various gases are shown to generate long- lived quasi-stationary cylindrical depressions or ‘holes’ in the gas density. For our experimental conditions, these holes range up to several hundred microns in diameter with gas density depressions up to ~20%. The holes decay by thermal diffusion on millisecond timescales. We show that high repetition rate filamentation and supercontinuum generation can be strongly affected by these holes, which should also affect all other experiments employing intense high repetition rate laser pulses interacting with gases. ©2013 Optical Society of America OCIS codes: (190.5530) Pulse propagation and temporal solitons; (350.6830) Thermal lensing; (320.6629) Supercontinuum generation; (260.5950) Self-focusing. References and Links 1. A. Couairon and A. Mysyrowicz, “Femtosecond filamentation in transparent media,” Phys. Rep. 441(2-4), 47– 189 (2007). 2. P. B. Corkum, C. Rolland, and T. Srinivasan-Rao, “Supercontinuum generation in gases,” Phys. Rev. Lett. 57(18), 2268–2271 (1986). S. A. Trushin, K. Kosma, W. Fuss, and W. E. Schmid, “Sub-10-fs supercontinuum radiation generated by filamentation of few-cycle 800 nm pulses in argon,” Opt. Lett. 32(16), 2432–2434 (2007). 3. N. Zhavoronkov, “Efficient spectral conversion and temporal compression of femtosecond pulses in SF6.,” Opt. Lett. 36(4), 529–531 (2011). 4. C. P. Hauri, R. B. -
Ultrashort Laser Pulses I
Ultrashort Laser Pulses I Description of pulses Intensity and phase The instantaneous frequency and group delay Zero th and first-order phase Prof. Rick Trebino Georgia Tech The linearly chirped Gaussian pulse www.frog.gatech.edu An ultrashort laser ) t I( t ) ( pulse has an intensity X and phase vs. time. Neglecting the spatial dependence for field Electric now, the pulse electric field is given by: Time [fs] X ∝1 ω −φ + (t )2 I( t ) exp{ it [0 (t) ]} cc. Intensity Carrier Phase frequency A sharply peaked function for the intensity yields an ultrashort pulse. The phase tells us the color evolution of the pulse in time. The real and complex ) t I( t ) pulse amplitudes ( X X Removing the 1/2, the c.c., and the exponential factor with the carrier frequency yields the complex amplitude, E(t), of the pulse: field Electric E(t )∝I( t ) exp{ − i φ(t ) } Time [fs] This removes the rapidly varying part of the pulse electric field and yields a complex quantity, which is actually easier to calculate with. I( t ) is often called the real amplitude, A(t), of the pulse. The Gaussian pulse For almost all calculations, a good first approximation for any ultrashort pulse is the Gaussian pulse (with zero phase). = − τ 2 EtE( )0 exp ( t /HW 1/ e ) = − τ 2 E0 exp 2ln 2( t /FWHM ) = − τ 2 E0 exp 1.38( t /FWHM ) τ τ where HW1/e is the field half-width-half-maximum, and FWHM is the intensity full-width-half-maximum. 2 The intensity is: ∝ − τ 2 ItE()0 exp 4ln2(/ t FWHM ) ∝2 − τ 2 E0 exp 2.76( t /FWHM ) Intensity vs. -
Ultrashort Pulse Generation in the Mid-IR
Ultrashort pulse generation in the mid-IR H. Pires1, M. Baudisch1, D. Sanchez1,M. Hemmer 1,J. Biegert 2;1 1ICFO - The Institute of Photonics Sciences Mediterranean Technology Park 08860 Castelldefels (Barcelona), Spain 2ICREA - Institucio Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avan¸cats,08010 Barcelona, Spain Abstract Recent developments in laser sources operating in the mid-IR (3 - 8 µm), have been motivated by the numerous possibilities for both fundamental and applied research. One example is the ability to unambiguously detect pollutants and car- cinogens due to the much larger oscillator strengths of their absorption features in the mid-IR spectral region compared with the visible. Broadband sources are of particular interest for spectroscopic applications since they remove the need for arduous scanning or several lasers and allow simultaneous use of multiple ab- sorption features thus increasing the confidence level of detection. In addition, sources capable of producing ultrashort and intense mid-IR radiation are gain- ing relevance in attoscience and strong-field physics due to wavelength scaling of re-collision based processes. In this paper we review the state-of-the-art in sources of coherent, pulsed mid-IR radiation. First we discuss semi-conductor based sources which are compact and turnkey, but typically do not yield short pulse duration. Mid-IR laser gain material based approaches will be discussed, either for direct broadband mid-IR lasers or as narrowband pump lasers for parametric amplification in nonlinear crystals. The main part will focus on mid-IR generation and amplification based on parametric frequency conversion, enabling highest mid-IR peak power pulses. -
Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology for Processing of Advanced Electronics Materials
Proceedings of LPM2017 - the 18th International Symposium on Laser Precision Microfabrication Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology for Processing of Advanced Electronics Materials Jim BOVAT SEK *1, Rajesh PATEL*1 *1 Spectra-Physics, MKS Instruments, Inc., 3635 Peterson Way, Santa Clara, CA., 95054, USA E-mail: [email protected] Laser technology is increasingly being employed for an ever expanding range of applications in a variety of industries. The success of laser processing is due in large part to manufacturers under- standing the benefits of non-contact, precise processing and a growing need for machining smaller and more precise features. In a broader view, it is also the continual evolution of laser technolo- gy—with related improvements in the cost, capability, and reliability of product offerings—that fur- ther drives its adoption. Indeed, the laser product marketplace has seen product offerings expand in nearly every conceivable way: higher power and pulse energy, higher pulse repetition rate, shorter wavelengths, better beam quality, shorter pulse widths, pulse shape tailoring and burst-mode opera- tion—and all of these with lower costs and improved reliability. In this work, we present processing results achieved using Spectra-Physics’ state-of-the-art ultrashort pulse laser technology. This laser provides both high pulse energy and high average power, both of which are attractive to industry. We have processed materials commonly used in advanced electronics and semiconductor manufac- turing industries. The high energy pulses are shown to effectively ablate hard to machine materi- als—such as alumina ceramic–with good quality. For lower-threshold materials such as silicon and copper, we demonstrate that certain pulse parameters result in more fully optimized volumetric abla- tion efficiencies.