hv photonics Review Generation of Attosecond Light Pulses from Gas and Solid State Media Stefanos Chatziathanasiou 1, Subhendu Kahaly 2, Emmanouil Skantzakis 1, Giuseppe Sansone 2,3,4, Rodrigo Lopez-Martens 2,5, Stefan Haessler 5, Katalin Varju 2,6, George D. Tsakiris 7, Dimitris Charalambidis 1,2 and Paraskevas Tzallas 1,2,* 1 Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, Institute of Electronic Structure & Laser, PO Box 1527, GR71110 Heraklion (Crete), Greece;
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[email protected] (D.C.) 2 ELI-ALPS, ELI-Hu Kft., Dugonics ter 13, 6720 Szeged, Hungary;
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[email protected] (K.V.) 3 Physikalisches Institut der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Freiburg, Stefan-Meier-Str. 19, 79104 Freiburg, Germany 4 Dipartimento di Fisica Politecnico, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133 Milano, Italy 5 Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, ENSTA-ParisTech, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS UMR 7639, Université Paris-Saclay, 91761 Palaiseau CEDEX, France;
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[email protected] Received: 25 February 2017; Accepted: 27 March 2017; Published: 31 March 2017 Abstract: Real-time observation of ultrafast dynamics in the microcosm is a fundamental approach for understanding the internal evolution of physical, chemical and biological systems. Tools for tracing such dynamics are flashes of light with duration comparable to or shorter than the characteristic evolution times of the system under investigation.