Index

high-order harmonic generation, A 258–261 in strong laser fields, 238–243 Atomic clocks, 14–19, 89–94 in weak field regime, 274-277 Attosecond laser pulses, 55–57 metal-ligand charge-transfer, 253–254 organic chemical conversion, C 249–251 pulse shaping, 269–274 CARS microscopy with ultrashort quantum ladder climbing, 285–287 pulses, 24–25 simple shaped pulses, 235–238 Chirped-pulse amplification, 54–55 Tannor-Kosloff-Rice scheme, phase preservation in, 54–5 232–235 Chirped pulses, 271, 274–277, 235–238 via many-parameter control in liquid Coherent control, 225–266, 267–304, phase, 252–255 atoms and dimers in gas phase, Coherent transients, 274–285 228–243 bond-selective photochemistry, 248–249 D closed-loop pulse shaping, 244–246 coherent coupling, 238–243 Dielectric breakdown, 305–329 molecular electronic states, in oxide thin films, 318 238–241 phenomenological model of, 316 atomic electronic states, retrieval of dielectric constant, 322 241–243 Difference frequency generation, 123 coherent transients, 274–285 Dynamics, 146–148, 150, 167–196, control of motion, 255–261 187–224 control of photo-isomerization, of electronic states, 146–148 254–255 of excitonic states, 150 control of two- transitions, hydrogen bond dynamics, 167–196 285-287 molecular dynamics, 187–196 332 Laser Spectroscopy

Femtosecond optical frequency combs, E 1–8, 12–21, 55–57, 87–108, 109–112, 120–128 Exciton-vibration interaction, 153–158 absolute phase control of, 55–57 dynamic intensity borrowing, attosecond pulses, 55–57 156–158 carrier-envelope offset frequency, Franck-Condon type, 159 3, 121 Herzberg-Teller type, 159–160 carrier envelope phase, 2, 121 interactions, 14–19 mid-infrared, 19-21, 120–127 F molecular spectroscopy with, 12–14 Femtochemistry, 198, 226 optical frequency standards, 14–19 Femtosecond lasers, 1–27 optical atomic clocks, 14–19, external optical cavities, 21–25 89–94 high resolution spectroscopy with, Femtosecond photon echoes. See Photon 8–11, 30–33, 123–127 echoes mid-infrared pulses, 19–21, Femtosecond pulse shaping, 244, 269 120–123, 170–174 273–282 phase-controlled, 1–27 control of coherent transients, precision atomic spectroscopy, 277–282 8–11 control of transient dynamics, sub-5 fs visible pulses, 139–144 273–282 Femtosecond laser-matter interaction, temporal Fresnel lens, 280–282 307–329 Frequency resolved optical gating. See modelling of processes, 307–317 FROG based on Boltzmann equation, FROG, 61–86 307–316 cross-correlation FROG, 63–64 carrier-decay into defects, dithered-crystal XFROG, 64–68 314–316 extremely simple FROG, 75-85 electron-electron interaction, GRENOUILLE, 75–85 310–311 measuring supercontinuum pulse, electron-phonon-photon, 64–68 312–314 measuring ultraweak light, 68–75 impact ionization, 311–312 OPA XFROG, 68–75 photoionization, 309–310 Femtosecond nonlinear coherent spectroscopy, 8–11, 39–42, 123–127, G 167–196, 197–224 GRENOUILLE. See FROG Group delay dispersion, 140 Group velocity dispersion, 78–79, 98,139 Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy 333

H M

High-order harmonics, 33–42, MeOD, 174–184 258–261 hydrogen bond population dynamics basic principles, 33 in, 174–179 collinear, phase-coherent pulses, spectral diffusion in, 179–184 37–39 Microstructure optical fibre, 5, 56, 88, phase coherence in, 33–35 122–123 Ramsey spectroscopy with, Molecular dynamics. See Dynamics 39–42 Multidimensional spectroscopy, 167–196, High resolution spectroscopy with fs 197–224 pulses, 8–11, 30–33, 123–127 Hydrogen bond dynamics, 167–193 O in methanol, 174–179 in water, 184–193 Optical atomic clocks. See Atomic clocks population dynamics in MeOD, Optical damage, 305–307 174–179 Optical frequency combs, See Femto- optical frequency combs Optical frequency comb synthesizer, 2, I 87–108, 109–132 Optical frequency stabilisation, 89–94 Infrared metrology, 110–112 Optical frequency standards, See Atomic future IR materials, 119–120 clocks future IR sources, 119–120 Optical parametric amplifier, 68–75, 136, infrared coherent IR sources, 139, 170, 207 115–119 Optical parametric oscillators, 123–127 infrared sources for, 110–112 Optimal control. See Coherent control molecular transitions for, 112–115 Infrared precision spectroscopy, 19–21, 109–132 P Iodine, 14–19 molecular spectroscopy, 14–19 Photon echoes, 187–224 biological molecules, 221–222 myoblobin, 221–222 J Bloch equation description, 199–202 CdTe quantum dots, 220–221 J-aggregates, 133–165 dye molecules, 217–219 cresyl violet, 218–219 rhodamine 101, 207–217 rhodamine B, 217–218 nonlinear response theory, 202–204 334 Femtosecond Laser Spectroscopy

one-colour three-pulse, 209–211 Supercontinuum generation, 29–59, one-colour two-pulse, 208–209 64–68, 88, 139 semiconductor materials, 219–220 basic principles, 42–43 gallium nitride, 219–220 collinear, phase-coherent, pulses, spectrally resolved, 197, 205–206, 45-–9 208–222 measuring supercontinuum pulses, two-colour three-pulse, 211–222 64–68 Photonic bandgap fibre. See multiple-beam interference, 49–54 Microstructure optical fibre phase preservation in generation Precision atomic spectroscopy, 8–12 of, 43–44 Pulse shaping. See Femtosecond pulse spatial comb, 49–54 shaping Synthesized frequency chains, 110–112 Pump-probe experiments, 139–145 real- spectra, 144–145 T

Q Tapered optical fibre, 94–102 passage of fs pulses through, Quantum beats, 215 102–106 in photon echoes, 215 spectral broadening of fs pulses, 94–102 Two-photon transitions, 8–11, 287–299 R weak field, 287, 291

Ramsey spectroscopy, 39–42 with high-order harmonics, 39–42 V Real time molecular spectroscopy, 133–158 Vibrational correlation echo coherent molecular vibrations, spectroscopy, 167–196 150–151 sub-5 fs visible pulses, 139–144 Regenerative amplifier, 54–55, 170, 207 W

Water, 184–193 S structural evolution, 184–193

Self-phase modulation, 95 Shaped pulses. See Femtosecond pulse X shaping Sodium dimers, 229-241 XUV femtosecond sources, 33–42, Soft X-ray femtosecond sources, 33–42, 258–261 258–261