Surficial Geology of the Middle Illinois River Valley Bureau, Marshall, Peoria, Putnam, and Woodford Counties, Illinois
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Illinois Geologic Map Illinois Map 16 Surficial Geology of the Middle Illinois River Valley Bureau, Marshall, Peoria, Putnam, and Woodford Counties, Illinois E. Donald McKay III, Richard C. Berg, Andrew J. Stumpf, and C. Pius Weibel 2010 Institute of Natural Resource Sustainability William W. Shilts, Executive Director ILLINOIS STATE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY E. Donald McKay III, Director 615 East Peabody Drive Champaign, Illinois 61820-6964 (217) 244-2414 http://www.isgs.illinois.edu © 2010 University of Illinois Board of Trustees. All rights reserved. For permission information, contact the Illinois State Geological Survey. Introduction in the field, or (5) visual inspection of locations on digital orthophotographs. U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Mapping of the Middle Illinois River valley region was soil maps were useful in delineating loess thickness and partially funded by the Illinois Department of Transporta- postglacial alluvium. Digital soil maps were provided by the tion (IDOT). The purpose of the mapping was to assist IDOT USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service for portions planning and design for upgrade and possible rerouting of Il- of these counties: Peoria (Walker 1992), Marshall (USDA linois State Highway 29 between Chillicothe and its junction 2000), Putnam (Zwicker 1992b), Bureau (Zwicker 1992a), with Interstate 180. and Woodford (Teater 1999). These county soil series maps were combined and generalized into soil parent material Value of the Map groupings by Berg et al. (2004). This surficial geology map shows the occurrence of geologic units at the land surface and implies the succession and pres- Regional Geologic Setting ence of units in the subsurface. For example, the Tiskilwa Formation (unit symbol “t”) outcropping on a slope below The surficial geology map and accompanying cross sections the Batestown Member (unit symbol “l-b”), indicates that delineate geologic materials (lithostratigraphic units) that the Tiskilwa Formation underlies the Batestown Member be- are classified by their sediment type or rock type (lithology) neath the upper part of the hill. These relations are illustrated and relative position and age (stratigraphy). The lithostrati- in the legend and cross sections. graphic units in the Middle Illinois River valley region have a complex pattern of occurrence. Glacial and fluvial The surficial geology map, in combination with information (river) deposits, in places greater than 300 feet thick, occur on the subsurface distribution of geologic materials, is valu- beneath the uplands east of the valley, west of the valley in able for identification of opportunities and limitations for the area north of the Putnam/Marshall County line above future land development, as well as anticipation of the likely the Princeton Bedrock Valley (see cross section A–B), and consequences of past and future land-use decisions. Typi- immediately north and extending westward from Chillicothe cal applications of the map include estimation of ground- above the Wyoming Bedrock Valley (see cross section B–C); water resource potential, occurrences of potential aggregate glacial deposits 0 to 100 feet thick overlie Pennsylvanian age resources, geologic conditions that may present hazards for bedrock west of the valley and south of the Putnam/Marshall construction, and the capability of the geologic setting to County line; and thick fluvial deposits occur in the Illinois support certain land uses such as a landfill. River valley. Bedrock valleys in the area are delineated on a regional bedrock topography map (Berg et al. 2009). Map Preparation Units on the surficial geology map were identified and Landforms mapped from field observations and descriptions of natural The map spans a region near the maximum extent of the outcrops and man-made exposures; logs of water wells, last (Wisconsin Episode) glaciation, and the landforms in engineering borings, and other boreholes; new test drilling; the area reflect the combined action of glacial and fluvial geophysical investigations; and previously completed geo- processes. Where uneroded, the uplands adjacent to the logic maps (Stumpf and Weibel 2005; McKay et al. 2007a, valley are gently rolling and are crossed by several arcu- 2007b, 2007c; Stumpf 2010), topographic maps, and aerial ate ridges (moraines) that range in width from less than a photographs. Stratigraphic nomenclature is from Hansel and mile to several miles. These moraines mark margins of the Johnson (1996), Willman and Frye (1970), and Willman et Wisconsin Episode glacier as it paused in its retreat to the al. (1975). ArcGIS software was used to compile and analyze northeast (Hansel and McKay 2010). The modern river is field data and to prepare the map. a low-gradient channelized system with extensive, shallow, backwater lakes. The river valley ranges from less than two Field work was completed between 2001 and 2007. More miles to nearly seven miles wide, and its valley floor is as than 250 outcrops were described by Illinois State Geologi- much as 300 feet below the highest uplands. Several terraces cal Survey (ISGS) field geologists. Records of boreholes of rise as much as 100 feet above the Illinois River. The modern various types were compiled, locations verified, available meander belt of the river occupies a narrow portion of the samples and cores studied, and drillers’ descriptions exam- valley that is joined by tributary streams draining the uplands ined and interpreted. Records include 9 new ISGS boreholes, to the east and west of the valley. These streams occur in 339 highway and engineering boreholes, 40 new hand auger deeply eroded valleys cut into the uplands and exposing gla- holes, 354 water wells, and 17 coal test boreholes (fig. 1). cial deposits and bedrock. Some tributaries have deposited These data were supplemented by nearly 9 line-miles of large alluvial fans where they enter the main river valley. seismic reflection profiles along Highway 29 to determine the depth to bedrock where the highway is located along Heritage of Rivers and Glaciers bedrock uplands. Reported borehole locations were verified The Illinois River and its antecedent river systems have been using (1) plat books, (2) direct contacts with landowners and shaped by several episodes of blockage, overriding, and well drillers, (3) address verification, (4) visits to locations diversion of their flow by continental glaciers that depos- 1 R 9 E k" R 10 E e" e" e"e"e" e" e" e" e" #1 k" N e" e" e" e" $T BUREAU CO T10 $T e" e" k" e" e"e" e" PUTNAM CO e" $T e" e" k"$T $T#1$T $T e" e" e"e" $T$T$T k" e" e"e" k" e" e" $Tk" e" k" #1 k" k" k" e" #1 e" N k" 14 e" T k" k" k" # e" e" 1e"e"k e" Data Type e" k" e" #1e" e" 29 $T e" $T Bedrock outcrop e" k" e" $T e"e" k" e" e" Outcrop in field notes e"e" k" $T e" k" PUTNAM CO k" (ISGS archives) #1 e" MARSHALL CO e" e" # k" k" k" e" k"1e" k" k" Stratigraphic test boring (ISGS) $T e" k" k" k" k" e" k"k" e" e" k" k" e"k Water-well boring k" N e" $T k" e" T13 N k" k" e" e" k" k" Engineering boring $T k" k" k" k" k" T 13 e" k" k" e" e" k" e" Coal boring k" e" e" k" e" e" k"$T e" k" #* e" k" k" k" e" e"e" e Other bor $T0 e" ing e"e" e" k""k e" e" k" e"e"e" e" e" e" e" e" e" e"e" e" k" ek" k" e" e" e" k"k" k" e"ke" e" $T e" e" e" "e 0 1 2 3 #* k"ee" k" e"e" k" 4 k"0$e"e" k" k"0$e" N e" k" e"e"e" k" k" e"k k" 0$e"e"e" e" MILES 0$ e"e" T 30 e" k" 0$ e"e" e" e" e" k" 17 k"e"e"0$e" e" N e" k" k" e" k" k"e e" T 12 k"e"k e" e" e" e" e" e" e"e" e" e"k" k"e" e" k"$T e" $T e"k"e k" e" k" e"e" e" 0$e"k"e e" k" e" e" 0$ e"e" e" e" 0$e"e" e" e" e" e" $T#*#*#*$T0 e"k"ee" R 8 E $ k" #*0$ek" R 9 E e" e" e" k"0$ e"k" e" k" ek"e e" k" e"e"k e" e" $T k"e e"k N e" $T$T$T **$T*$ e"e"e" e" $T e" *$$T e"ke" $T *$$T e" e" k" e"k"e e" e" k" e"e" $T e" T 12 e" 0$e" e" $T$Te"$T k" e"e"e" e" e" $T $T *$0$ $T$T0$k"e" k" k" e" e" $T0$0$ e" e"e"k" e" e" e" MARSHALL CO e"ke"kek" e" e" e" e"k" k"$T$Te"k" $T $T e" e"e"k"k" e" e"e" e" e" e"e"$T$Te" e" $Te" e" $T e" e"k"k" $T $T $T$T $T e" k" e"" k" e" $T e" e" k" e" N e" e"e" e" $T $Te"e"k $T$T e"k e"e" e"$T e" e" T0$ 0$k" e"k" e" e" e"$T e"$T e" $T$T0$0$ 0 e" k" $Te" e" k" $T$T$T 0$ e" 0$e"e" e" e" e" $T 0 T 29 e"k"e e" e" e"$T$T e" e"$T$T0 $T $T$T$$T k" $Tk" *$ ek"$Te"e"e" e" e" e"$T e" 0$T$ $T$T$T k"e"k e" $T $T $Tk"$T0$0$0$ e"0$k" 26 *$ * k"e" e"k k"e" $T$T k"$T$T$Tk"e"$Tk" k" e" $e" e" $T k" $T e" e" $TT0$Te" k" e" k"e $Tk"$Te"e"$T k" $Tk" e" e" k" k" k" k"e" e"e"$Te"e" $T k" k" e" e"e" $T k"e"$T $Te" e"e" e"e" e" k" k" e" $T e"k"k" $T *$ e" $T e"ke" k"ek" e" e" e"e" e" $T $T *$ e"k" e" e"e"e" ke"e"$Tk" e" e" k" $T $T $Te" e" $T e" e" k" $Te" e" N e"e" k"e"k"k" $T $T e" $T e" e" e" $T e" PEORIA CO e" e" $T e" k" e"k e" e" $T $T ke" k" k"e" e" e" e"k e" e" e" e" ek"e" $T$T $T e"" $Te" k" $T $T T 11 e" $T k"e"e" e" e"k"e"$T e" $T e"k"e$T k" k" e"$T e" e" e"$T$T$T e" e" e" e" $T $T e" e" k"k" $T k" e" k" k"$T k"e"k"ee"k"e"$T $T$T 0$e" e" k" e" k"$T$Tk" e" e" MARSHALL CO $T e" $T e" k" e"$T k" e" e" e" k" k" e"$Te"k" k" $T e" $T $T$T e" e" $T e"k $T e"$T$T e" WOODFORD CO e" e"e" k" $T $T e" $T$T k"$T e"k e" e" e" k" e" k" k"0$#7$T k"e" $T k" k" #70$#70$Tk"e" e" k"e" k" e" 29 e"k" k"k" k"k"$Tk"k" $Tk"$T$Te"k e"e" e" k" e" e" e" $Tk"e k"$T$Tk"$Te"e"e"$Tk"$Tk"e"$T k"e ke"k" e" $T e"k" $T$T e" $T k"k"k" e" e" e"e" $Tk"k"e" e" e"$T N e" e" $Te"k e" e" e" k"k" $T e" k" e" e" e" k"k" k"e" e" e" e" k" e" e" k" e" e" k" k" k"ee" e" e" e" T 28 k"e" $T e" ek" e" e"e" e" e"e" e" $T e" k" $T k" $T$T e"$T$T$T k" e" e" $T $Tk" e" e" e"e" N e" e" e" e" k"e e"e"e"k e" k"$Te"e" k" e" e"e"e" e" e"ke"e" k"k" e" e"k e" e" e"k"k" e" k"ee" e" $T $T e"k"e"k"ek"k" e" e"e"e" e"e"e"e" e"e" $T$T$T T 10 e" e" e" e"e"e" e"e" k" $T$T$T$T e" ke" k"e" $T k" e" R 8 E R 9 E R 3 W R 2 W Figure 1 Locations of wells, borings, and outcrops.