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Malkhuyot Sources Uhrbach.Pdf אמר הקדוש ברוך הוא ... ואמרו לפני בראש השנה מלכיות זכרונות ושופרות מלכיות כדי שתמליכוני עליכם זכרונות כדי שיעלה זכרוניכם לפני לטובה ובמה בשופר כת' רבי' סעדיה מה שצונו הבורא יתברך לתקוע בשופר בראש השנה יש בזה עשרה ענינים. הענין הראשון מפני שהיום היתה תחלת הבריאה שבו ברא הקב"ה את העולם ומלך עליו וכן עושים המלכים בתחלת מלכותם שתוקעים לפניהם בחצוצרות ובקרנות להודיע ולהשמיע בכל מקום התחלת מלכותם וכן אנו ממליכין עלינו את הבורא ליום זה וכך אמר דוד בחצוצרות וקול שופר הריעו לפני המלך ה'. והטעם שתקנו לומר מראש השנה ועד יום הכפורים המלך במקום האל לפי שמראה מלכותו על בני העולם ששופט אותם בימים אלו אֵ ין מַ זְכִּירִ ין זִכְרוֹנוֹת מַ לְכֻיּוֹת וְ שׁוֹפָ רוֹת שֶׁ ל פֻּרְ עָ נוּת. זִכְ רוֹנוֹת כְּגוֹן )תהילים עח לט( "וַיִּזְכֹּר כִּי בָשָׂ ר הֵמָּ ה" וְ כוּ'. מַ לְכֻיּוֹת כְּגוֹן )יחזקאל כ לג( ה"בְּחֵמָ שְׁ פוּכָה אֶמְ לוְֹך ֲעֵליֶכם". שֹׁוָפרֹות ְכּגֹון )הושע ה ח( "ִתְּקעוּ שֹׁוָפר בַּגִּבְעָ ה" וְ כוּ'. ְוֹלא ִזְכרֹוָן יִחידֲאִפלּוּ ְלטֹוָבה ְכּגֹון )תהילים קו ד( "ָזְכֵרִני ה' ִבְּרצֹון ַעֶמָּך". )נחמיה ה יט( )נחמיה יג לא( "ָזְכָרה ִלּיֱ אֹלַהי ְלטֹוָבה". וִּפְקדֹונֹותֵאיָנן ְכִּזְכרֹונֹות. ְכּגֹון )שמות ג טז( "ָפֹּקד ָפַּקְדִתּיֶאְתֶכם". ְוֵישׁ לֹו ְלַהְזִכּיר ֻפְּרָענוֶּת שׁלֻאמֹּוַת עכּוּ''ם ְכּגֹון )תהילים צט א( "ה' מָ לְָך יִ ְרְגּזַוּ עִמּים". )תהילים קלז ז( "ְזֹכר ה' ִלְבֵניֱ אדֹוםֶאת יֹוְם ירָוּשָׁלִם".)גמרא ראש השנה לב ב( " ַוה'ֱ אֹלִהים ַבּשֹּׁוָפרִ יְתָקע ְוָהַלְך ְבַּסֲערֹות ֵתּיָמן". )דברים ו ד( ְ"שַׁמִעיְשָׂרֵאל ה'ֱ אֹלֵהינוּ ה' ֶאָחד". )דברי ם ד לה( ַ"אָתּה ָהְרֵאָת ָלַדַעת" ְוכ וּ'. )דברים ד לט( "ְוָיַדְעָתּ ַהיֹּום ַוֲהֵשֹׁבָת ֶאל ְלָבֶבָך" ְוכוּ'. ָכּל ָפּסוּקֵ מֵאלּוַּמְלכוּ ת הִוּא עְנָינֹו ַאַף על ִפּיֶשֵׁאין בֹּו ֵזֶכרַמְלכוּת ַוֲהֵרי הוּא ְכּמֹו )שמות טו יח( "ה'ִ יְמלֹוְך ְלעֹוָלם ָוֶעד", )דברים לג ה( "ַוְיִהי ִבֻישׁרוּןֶ מֶלְך" ְוכוּ ': ותמצא באלו השלשה ובכן ובכן ובכן רמז למלכיות זכרונות ושופרו ת כי הראשון הוא ובכן תן פחדך ה' אלקינו וייראוך כל המעשים ויעשו כלם אגודה אחת כנגד מלכיות כי כל זה ענין הממלכה שממליכין אותו. ְכֶּשָׁבָּנְה שֹֹׁלמהֶאת ֵבּית ַהִמְּקָדּשׁ, ִבּיֵקּשׁ ְלַהְכִניס ָארֹון ְלֵבית קְׇדֵשׁי ַהֳקָּדִשׁים. דָּבְ קוּ ְשָׁעִרים ֶזה ָבֶּזה. ַָאמְר שֹֹׁלמֶה עְשִׂרים ְוַאְרָבָּעה ְרָננֹות, ְוֹלא נַעֲנָה. ָפַּתח ְוַָאמר: ְ"שׂאְוּ שָׁעִרים ָרֵאשׁיֶכם ְוִהָנְּשׂאוּ ִפְּתֵחי עֹוָלם ְוָיֹבאֶ מֶלְך ַהָכּבֹוד". ְרַהטוּ ָבְּתֵריהּ ְלִמיְבְלֵעיהּ,ֲאַמרוּ: ִ"מי הוּא זֶה מֶ לְֶך הַ כָּבוֹד". אֲ ַמר ְלהוּ: "הִ' עזּוּז ְוִגבֹּור". ָחַזר ְוַָאמר: "ְשׂאְוּ שָׁעִרים ָרֵאשׁיֶכם ְוּשׂאוּ ִפְּתֵחי עֹוָלם ְוָיֹבאֶ מֶלְך ַהָכּבֹודִמי הוּא ֶזה ֶמֶלְך ַהָכּבֹוד הְ'צָבאֹות הוּאֶ מֶלְך ַהָכּבֹוד סֶ לָה", וְ ֹלא נַעֲנָה. ֵכּיָוֶן שַָׁאמר: "ה'ֱ אֹלִהים ַאל ָתֵּשׁב ְפֵּני ְמִשֶׁיחָך ָזְכָרה ְלַחְסֵדי ָדִּוַד עְבֶדָּך",ִמָיּד נַעֲנָה. … • • • רבי הושעיה . אמר אי זו אומה כאומה הזאת בנוהג שבעולם השלטון אומר הדין היום והליסטים אומר למחר הדין למי שומעין לא לשלטון אבל הקב"ה אינו כן אמרו בית דין היום ראש השנה הקב"ה או' למלאכי השרת העמידו בימה יעמדו סניגורין יעמדו קטיגורין שאמרו בני היום ראש השנה נמלכו בית דין לעברה למחר הקב"ה אומר למלאכי השר' העבירו בימה יעברו סניגורין יעברו קטיגורין שנמלכו בני לעברה למחר מה טעמא כי חוק לישראל הוא משפט לאלהי יעקב אם אינו חוק לישראל כביכול אינו משפט לאלהי יעקב רבי קריספא בשם ר' יוחנן לשעבר אלה מועדי יי' מיכן ואילך אשר תקראו אותם אמר רבי אילא אם קריתם אותם הם מועדי ואם לאו אינן מועדי ואחר כל התפלות אומר עלינו לשבח. בפרק ר' אליעזר אומר שבח גדול יש בעלינו לשבח על כן צריך לאומרו מעומד ותמצא עלינו עולה בגימטריא ומעומד. ושמעתי שיהושע תקנו בשעה שכבש יריחו... • • • • • • • • קידוש השנה THE DEDICATION OF THE NEW YEAR introduction to .kiddush ha-shanah ְבֵּרא ִ֖ ׁשית ָבָּ֣רא ֱא ִ֑הים ֵ֥את ַה ָ ּׁשַ֖מִים ְוֵ֥את ָהָֽאֶרץ: ְׄוָהָא רֶ ץ b’ReIShit The Creation of the World Whereas some piyyutim ָהְיָ֥תה ֨תֹה֙וּ ָו֔בֹהוּ ְו֖ח ֶׁש ַעל־ ְ ּפנֵ֣י ְת֑הוֹם ְו֤רוַּח ֱא ִ֔הים Each year we sit expectantly, fRom The ToRah: The fIRST DaY OF CREATION waiting to hear how it all began. (liturgical poems) were composed specifically ְמַרֶ֖חֶפת ַעל־ ְ ּפנֵ֥ י ַה ָֽ ּמיִ ם: וַ ֦ ּיֶֹאמר ֱא ִ֖הים יְ ִ֣הי ֑אוֹר ַוְיִהי־ We strain and stretch ourselves, When God began to create heaven and earth, the not to imagine darkness, chaos– earth was unformed and void, darkness was over the for the evening of Rosh Hashanah, they did not ֽאוֹר: וַ ַ֧ ּיְרא ֱא ִ֛הים ֶאָת־ה֖אוֹר ִ ּכ֑י־טוֹב וַ ַ ּיְב ֵ֣ ּדל ֱא ִ֔הים בֵּ֥ ין darkness and chaos are states surface of the deep, and the spirit of God swept over become a standard part of ָה֖אוֹר וּבֵ֥ ין ַהֽחֹ ֶׁש: וַ ִ ּיְקָ֨רא ֱא ִ֤הים ׀ ָלאוֹ֙ר י֔וֹם ְוַל֖חֹ ֶׁש .with which we are well acquainted No, we begin the water. God said, “Let there be light,” and there the liturgy. This mah.zor introduces a series of ָ֣קָרא לָ֑יְלָ ה ַוְיִהֶ֥י־עֶרב ַוְיִה֖י־בֶֹקר י֦וֹם ֶאָֽחד: בראשית א א-ה by trying to conjure first light, was light. God saw that the light was good, and God readings—biblical read- form and order and sense emerging separated the light from the darkness. God called ings, medieval piyyutim, from tohu va-vohu. And how can it be the light Day and the darkness Night. And there was and modern readings—to that on Day One there was light, .dedicate the new year ִמי ָיַסד ְ ׁשֵמי ְגִבוֹהים, ִמי ָנָטה גַלְ ַ ּגל ְנגִֹהים? night and day, but sun and moon evening and there was morning, one day. Genesis 1:1–5 Opinions in the Babylo- ִמי ֵאל ָ ּגדוֹל ֵ ּכא ִהים, ִמי ְיַמ ֵ ּלל ְ ּגבוּרוֹת ֱא ִהים? ,not till Day Four? OK, we think nian Talmud consider the put aside that question first day of the month of לְ ָך דִוּמָ ּיה ְתִה ָ ּלה ֱא ִהים! for the moment CReation: a meDIeVal PiyyuT Tishrei (Rosh Hashanah) as the first day of creation ִמי ָאַמר וַ ְ ּתִהי ִאְמָרתוֹ יוֹם ְמִתַיחת ְ ׁשָחָקיו? ?as we struggle to see how it was, Who established the highest heights for light has limitless possibilities Who propelled the sphere’s rays? (Rosh Hashanah 10b–11a). Yet the Midrash records an ִמי ָבט וַ ִּיּכוֹן ִמְבָטאוֹ יוֹם ְנִטַ ּית ֲאָרָקיו? to consider—shimmering white heat of the Negev, June sunset over Who is as great as the Divine? opinion that the world was created on the 25th day ִמי ָגַדר ִ ּגְדרוֹת ַמְצִלוּלים יוֹם שׂוּמוֹ ֻח ָ ּקיו? ?the Pacific, the way it sparkles Who can describe the Most Sublime ,of the preceding month ִמי ִדֵבּק ִרְגֵבי ֶֽאֶרץ יוֹם ֲהִכינוֹ ֲעָמָקיו? ! Even silence is Your praise on early morning maple leaves in Maine woods when everything Elul (Pesikta D’rav Kahana, Piska 23:1). That is, the ִמי ָשׂם ְמַמ ֶֽ ּדָיה ִ ּכי ֵתָדע אוֹ ִמי ָנָטה ָעֶֽלָיה ָקו? ?seems new and promising. Who spoke and with word day came to be And yes, before sun and moon, Who glanced, and in that gaze created land? sixth day of creation—the day on which God created לְ ָך דִוּמָ ּיה ְתִה ָ ּלה ֱא ִהים! the Yangtze, the Nile, Mississippi, Who propelled the waves and set limits to the seas? Danube, North Sea, Finger Lakes, human beings—fell on the first day of Tishrei. Thus ִמי ָקַבע ְבּרֹאׁש ֱאנוֹׁש ַהְרֵבּה ִנִימין ְבׇּגְדלוֹ? ?Victoria Falls, Ein Gedi. Who raised up mountains and formed the valleys And fig trees, fuchsia, redwood, Who exactly measured the distance the world according to this opinion, Rosh Hashanah celebrates ִמי ִר ֵ ּׁשם לְכׇ ל ִנָימה ְוִנָימה ִבְּפֵני ַעְצָמהּ rhubarb, palm, eucalyptus, birch, spanned? -the creation of human ִמ ְ ּלַהְכִחיׁש נִ הוּלוֹ? ,blueberries, mango, mustard seed dogwood, dill, the mighty oak, Even silence is Your praise! kind. As we dedicate the new year, we keep both ִמי ִ ׁש ֵ ּפר ֽ ּתַֹאר ׇ ּכל ְיצוּר ְ ּכֽתַֹאר ָאָדם ָהִראׁשוֹן וְכִ ּלוּלוֹ? oregano, arugula, climbing roses, Who placed hair on human heads and caused it cinnamon and cyclamen. opinions in mind, and in this ceremonial moment ִמי ִת ֵ ּכן ְלַה ְ ׁשווֹת לָ ז ְלָלז ְבצוָּרתוֹ ַוֲאִמיָרתוֹ וְ קוֹלוֹ? ?to grow we celebrate both views ִמי יַ ִ ּגיד ַעל ָ ּפנָ יו ַ ּדְרּכוֹ, וְ הוּא ָעָשׂה – ִמי יְ ַׁש ֶ ּלם לוֹ? A fifth day brings us dolphin and wren, duck and swan, seagull and Who made each worm slither, and move only with the appropriate verses from Genesis and also with לְ ָך דִוּמָ ּיה ְתִה ָ ּלה ֱא ִהים! ?whale, crocodile, crab, bat, octopus, that way butterfly, sockeye salmon and shark, Who formed each person, each in Adam’s mold? poetic reflections. trout, snapping turtle, blue jay, ,The poem excerpted here was written by Joseph Ibn Abitur (10th–11th centuries. מִ י ָ י סַ ד hawk and dove, ladybug, lobster, Who created species, members alike, numbers who established falling sparrow, heron and herring untold? Spain) to be recited as a piyyut on the new year. It takes its inspiration from God’s speech at the end of the Book of Job (chapter 38), where God questions Job as to whether the latter truly understands what powers are and hummingbird, Who can describe God’s ways; and what God whooping cranes, and bees. at work in the universe. The images that Abitur uses are taken both from Job and from talmudic midrashim. .Psalm 65:2 . ָלְך דֻמִ ּיָה Now our hearts are pounding wildly, has given, who can repay? Even silence our eyes fill with tears Even silence is Your praise! .Job 38:5 . מִ י שָׂ ם מְ מַ ֶ ּֽ די הָ Who exactly measured at the glory of this world— .Job 21:31 . ִמַי יִגַּיד עָל פָּניו continued) Who can describe) .Job 9:4 . ִ מ י ִ ה ְ ק שׁ ָ ה Who can battle 20 ערבית לראש השנה · קידוש השנה rosh hashanah · evening service · dedication of the new year 20 (continued from previous page) The Creation of Humanity וַ ִ ּיְבָ֨רא ֱא ִ֤הים ׀ ֶאָת־הָאָד֙ם ְבַּצְל֔מוֹ ְבֶּ֥צֶלם ֱא ִ֖הים ָבָּ֣רא all in a jumble then, frantically אֹ֑תוֹ זָכָ֥ ר וְּנֵקָ֖בה ָבָּ֥רא אָֹֽתם: ַוְיָ֣בֶר אָֹתם֘ ֱא ִהי֒ם וַ ֨ ּיֶֹאמר getting ready for Shabbos, fROM The ToRah: The SIXTh DaY OF CREATION come antelope and alley cat, And God made human beings in God’s image— ָל ֶ֜הם ֱא ִׄהים ְ ּפ֦רוּ וְּר֛בוּ ִוּמְל֦אוּ ֶאָת־הָ֖אֶרץ ְוִכְב ֻ֑ ׁשָה וְּר֞דוּ ,Irish setter, polar bear, black bear beaver, tiger, squirrel, chipmunk thus were they created: God created them male and ִבְּדַ֤גת ַהָ ּי֙ם וְּב֤עוֹף ַה ָ ּׁשַ֔מִים וְּבׇכַל־חּיָ֖ה ָהרֶֹ֥מֶשׂת ַעל־ and camel, lioness and spring lamb, female.
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