Post-Secondary Vocational Education and Training
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Post-Secondary Vocational Education and Training: Pathways Partnerships Higher Education in Regional and City Higher Education in Regional and City Development Development Post-Secondary, Vocational Education and Training: Pathways and Partnerships Post-Secondary Vocational Rapid growth of tertiary education is partly due to the expansion of post-secondary Education and Training: vocational education and training (PSV). A well developed post-secondary PSV system and links between universities and VET institutions improve skills and Pathways and Partnerships employment opportunities. What is post-secondary PSV and how does it relate to other components of the education system? How do the labour market and Edited by Jaana Puukka globalisation trends impact post-secondary PSV? How do OECD countries address the issues of transition, pathways and collaboration in tertiary education? This report is part of the OECD work on Higher Education in Regional and City Development. In the course of the reviews of more than 30 cities and regions, this work identified VET-university linkages as one of the common issues that impact the engagement of tertiary education in socio-economic development across countries. CONTENTS: Part I. Overview of post-secondary vocational education and training; major trends and challenges Chapter 1. Post-secondary vocational education and training Chapter 2. Delivering high level training in a changing world – Post-secondary vocational education and training in context Chapter 3. Differentiation, de-differentiation and collaboration between vocational education and universities Part II. Post-secondary vocational education and training: country case studies Chapter 4. Australia’s dual sector universities and transfer from vocational to higher education Chapter 5. College-university links and impact on participation in higher education in Scotland Chapter 6. Bridging the divide in Norway’s tertiary education: the impacts of the policy mix Chapter 7. Non-university higher education and regional development in Italy Chapter 8. Vocational education and training in Spain ISBN 978-92-64-09755-1 892012061E Higher Education in Regional and City Development Post-Secondary Vocational Education and Training PATHWAYS AND PARTNERSHIPS This work is published on the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the OECD. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Organisation or of the governments of its member countries. This document and any map included herein are without prejudice to the status of or sovereignty over any territory, to the delimitation of international frontiers and boundaries and to the name of any territory, city or area. Please cite this publication as: OECD (2012), Post-Secondary Vocational Education and Training: Pathways and Partnerships, Higher Education in Regional and City Development, OECD Publishing. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264097551-en ISBN 978-92-64-09755-1 (PDF) Series: Higher Education in Regional and City Development ISSN 2218-3140 (online) The statistical data for Israel are supplied by and under the responsibility of the relevant Israeli authorities. The use of such data by the OECD is without prejudice to the status of the Golan Heights, East Jerusalem and Israeli settlements in the West Bank under the terms of international law. Photo credits: Cover © Francisco Esquer Mares Corrigenda to OECD publications may be found on line at: www.oecd.org/publishing/corrigenda. © OECD 2012 You can copy, download or print OECD content for your own use, and you can include excerpts from OECD publications, databases and multimedia products in your own documents, presentations, blogs, websites and teaching materials, provided that suitable acknowledgement of OECD as source and copyright owner is given. All requests for public or commercial use and translation rights should be submitted to [email protected] Requests for permission to photocopy portions of this material for public or commercial use shall be addressed directly to the Copyright Clearance Center (CCC) at [email protected] or the Centre français d’exploitation du droit de copie (CFC) at [email protected]. FOREWORD – 3 Foreword Rapid growth of tertiary education is partly due to the expansion of post- secondary vocational education and training (PSV). A well developed PSV system and links between the different components of the tertiary education sector, universities and PSV institutions contribute to a well functioning human capital and skills development system, and improve the training and employment opportunities of the workforce. This report is part of the OECD work on Higher Education in Cities and Regions. In the course of the reviews of more than 30 cities and regions, this work has identified PSV-university linkages or lack of them as one of the common issues that impact the engagement of tertiary education in socio- economic development across countries. This report draws on three OECD reviews: the reviews of vocational education and training at secondary level (mainly “Learning for Jobs”), the review of PSV (“Skills beyond School”) and the reviews of Higher Education in Regional and City Development. This report is structured into three parts: PART I provides an overview of PSV. Chapter 1 explains what is meant by PSV and how PSV relates to other components of the education system. It highlights examples of pathways, transition and collaboration in selected countries. Chapter 2 looks at the labour market context and globalisation trends in relation to PSV. It identifies challenges faced by PSV as a result of the changing labour market requirements and globalisation and discusses ways of addressing them. Chapter 3 provides a critical analysis of the de-differentiation trends in tertiary education, highlighting the collaboration between vocational education and universities (Chapter 3). PART II outlines post-secondary vocational education in Australia, Scotland, Norway, Italy and Spain, and discusses the issues of transition, participation and collaboration in tertiary education. Chapter 4 analyses the impact of Australia’s dual sector universities on transition from vocational to higher education. Chapter 5 highlights the college-university links in Scotland and their impact on participation in higher education, focusing on short cycle higher education. Chapter 6 analyses the divide and integration of the three sub-sectors of the Norwegian tertiary education system, POSTSECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: PATHWAYS AND PARTNERSHIPS© OECD 2012 4 – FOREWORD analysing the effects of changes in the national education policy. Chapter 7 provides an overview of the emerging “non-university higher education” system in Italy which is closely aligned with regional development goals. Chapter 8 highlights vocational education and training in Spain with focus on higher vocational education and training, setting out key statistical education and labour market indicators comparing Spain with other OECD countries. It provides an assessment of the strengths of the Spanish system and identifies policy challenges which need to be addressed in the future. POSTSECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: PATHWAYS AND PARTNERSHIPS © OECD 2012 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 5 Acknowledgements This report was compiled and edited by Jaana PUUKKA (OECD). Key contributors within the OECD were Simon FIELD and Małgorzata KUCZERA, both from the Education Directorate. International experts who contributed to the report were: Jim GALLACHER (Glasgow Caledonian University), Luca DORDIT (IPRASE Trentino), Robert INGRAM (Glasgow Caledonian University), Gavin MOODIE (Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, RMIT, Australia), Romulo PINHEIRO (Centre for Advanced Studies in Regional Innovation Strategies), Arduino SALATIN (IPRASE Trentino) and Michael YOUNG (University of London). Bonifacio AGAPIN provided assistance in the final editing phase and Louise Binns and Rachel Linden supervised the publication process. The OECD would like to thank the Euskampus Fundazioa whose generous support made this report possible, and the interest and support of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science. Our thanks go also to the University of the Basque Country that provided generous support in the organisation of an international event “Collaboration between Vocational and University Education: Building Partnerships for Regional Development" in Donostia/San Sebastián in October 2011. Some of the presentations in this seminar, that examined challenges and opportunities of collaboration between vocational tertiary and university education, are highlighted in this report. POSTSECONDARY VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING: PATHWAYS AND PARTNERSHIPS© OECD 2012 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 7 Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................... 11 Part I. Post-secondary vocational education and training; major trends and challenges ........................................................................................................... 15 Chapter 1. Overview of post-secondary vocational education and training17 What is post-secondary vocational education and training? ........................... 18 Two key roles: initial training or upskilling .................................................... 19 Entry to and graduation from post-secondary vocational education ............... 23 PSV in educational system: position, transition and collaboration ................