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Glossary Glossary
Glossary Glossary Albedo A measure of an object’s reflectivity. A pure white reflecting surface has an albedo of 1.0 (100%). A pitch-black, nonreflecting surface has an albedo of 0.0. The Moon is a fairly dark object with a combined albedo of 0.07 (reflecting 7% of the sunlight that falls upon it). The albedo range of the lunar maria is between 0.05 and 0.08. The brighter highlands have an albedo range from 0.09 to 0.15. Anorthosite Rocks rich in the mineral feldspar, making up much of the Moon’s bright highland regions. Aperture The diameter of a telescope’s objective lens or primary mirror. Apogee The point in the Moon’s orbit where it is furthest from the Earth. At apogee, the Moon can reach a maximum distance of 406,700 km from the Earth. Apollo The manned lunar program of the United States. Between July 1969 and December 1972, six Apollo missions landed on the Moon, allowing a total of 12 astronauts to explore its surface. Asteroid A minor planet. A large solid body of rock in orbit around the Sun. Banded crater A crater that displays dusky linear tracts on its inner walls and/or floor. 250 Basalt A dark, fine-grained volcanic rock, low in silicon, with a low viscosity. Basaltic material fills many of the Moon’s major basins, especially on the near side. Glossary Basin A very large circular impact structure (usually comprising multiple concentric rings) that usually displays some degree of flooding with lava. The largest and most conspicuous lava- flooded basins on the Moon are found on the near side, and most are filled to their outer edges with mare basalts. -
Relative Ages
CONTENTS Page Introduction ...................................................... 123 Stratigraphic nomenclature ........................................ 123 Superpositions ................................................... 125 Mare-crater relations .......................................... 125 Crater-crater relations .......................................... 127 Basin-crater relations .......................................... 127 Mapping conventions .......................................... 127 Crater dating .................................................... 129 General principles ............................................. 129 Size-frequency relations ........................................ 129 Morphology of large craters .................................... 129 Morphology of small craters, by Newell J. Fask .................. 131 D, method .................................................... 133 Summary ........................................................ 133 table 7.1). The first three of these sequences, which are older than INTRODUCTION the visible mare materials, are also dominated internally by the The goals of both terrestrial and lunar stratigraphy are to inte- deposits of basins. The fourth (youngest) sequence consists of mare grate geologic units into a stratigraphic column applicable over the and crater materials. This chapter explains the general methods of whole planet and to calibrate this column with absolute ages. The stratigraphic analysis that are employed in the next six chapters first step in reconstructing -
Maḥmūd Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʿumar Al-Jaghmīnī's Al-Mulakhkhaṣ Fī Al
Maḥmūd ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿUmar al-Jaghmīnī’s al-Mulakhkhaṣ fī al-hayʾa al-basīṭa: An Edition, Translation, and Study by Sally P. Ragep Ad Personam Program Institute of Islamic Studies & Department of History McGill University, Montreal August 2014 A thesis submitted to McGill University in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctoral of Philosophy © Sally P. Ragep, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... iv Résumé .............................................................................................................................................v Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................ vi Introduction § 1.0 The Arabic Edition and English Translation of Jaghmīnī’s Mulakhkhaṣ .............1 § 2.0 A Study of the Mulakhkhaṣ ...................................................................................7 PART I Chapter 1 The Dating of Jaghmīnī to the Late-Twelfth/Early-Thirteenth Centuries and Resolving the Question of Multiple Jaghmīnīs ............................................11 § I.1.1 A Man Who Should Need No Introduction ........................................................13 § I.1.2a Review of the Literature .....................................................................................15 § I.1.2b A Tale of Two Jaghmīnīs ....................................................................................19 -
The History of Arabic Sciences: a Selected Bibliography
THE HISTORY OF ARABIC SCIENCES: A SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY Mohamed ABATTOUY Fez University Max Planck Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin A first version of this bibliography was presented to the Group Frühe Neuzeit (Max Planck Institute for History of Science, Berlin) in April 1996. I revised and expanded it during a stay of research in MPIWG during the summer 1996 and in Fez (november 1996). During the Workshop Experience and Knowledge Structures in Arabic and Latin Sciences, held in the Max Planck Institute for the History of Science in Berlin on December 16-17, 1996, a limited number of copies of the present Bibliography was already distributed. Finally, I express my gratitude to Paul Weinig (Berlin) for valuable advice and for proofreading. PREFACE The principal sources for the history of Arabic and Islamic sciences are of course original works written mainly in Arabic between the VIIIth and the XVIth centuries, for the most part. A great part of this scientific material is still in original manuscripts, but many texts had been edited since the XIXth century, and in many cases translated to European languages. In the case of sciences as astronomy and mechanics, instruments and mechanical devices still extant and preserved in museums throughout the world bring important informations. A total of several thousands of mathematical, astronomical, physical, alchemical, biologico-medical manuscripts survived. They are written mainly in Arabic, but some are in Persian and Turkish. The main libraries in which they are preserved are those in the Arabic World: Cairo, Damascus, Tunis, Algiers, Rabat ... as well as in private collections. Beside this material in the Arabic countries, the Deutsche Staatsbibliothek in Berlin, the Biblioteca del Escorial near Madrid, the British Museum and the Bodleian Library in England, the Bibliothèque Nationale in Paris, the Süleymaniye and Topkapi Libraries in Istanbul, the National Libraries in Iran, India, Pakistan.. -
The Language of «Patronage» in Islamic Societies Before 1700
THE LANGUAGE OF «PATRONAGE» IN ISLAMIC SOCIETIES BEFORE 1700 Sonja Brentjes Max Planck Institut für wissenschaftsgeschichte Resumen No resulta fácil escribir sobre el lenguaje del mecenazgo en las sociedades islámicas, dado que en el árabe y el persa medievales no existe un término preciso para describirlo. A través de los siglos y en contextos diferentes se utilizan diversos términos para designar tal realidad. En ocasiones unas simples palabras bastaban para expresar relaciones de jerarquía, ascenso social o conocimiento entre las personas, mientras que otras veces se requería de un auténtico caudal lingüístico por el que se narraban, calibraban y enjuiciaban dichas relaciones. El uso de dichas palabras, así como su signifi cado, estaba también defi nido espacial y socialmente. Este estudio pretende ofrecer una descripción de los problemas básicos a los que nos en- frentamos, ilustrándolos mediantes ejemplos procedentes de la medicina, la astrología y en ocasiones de la fi losofía y la teología. Palabras clave: mecenazgo, sociedades islámicas, vocabulario. Abstract It is by no means easy to write a meaningful paper about the language of «patronage» in 11 Islamic societies, because in medieval Arabic and Persian there is no unambiguous term for it. Over the centuries and in diff erent contexts, there were various terms to describe this reality. Sometimes only a few words suffi ced to express relationships of hierarchy, promo- tion and knowledge between people, while at other times a veritable linguistic manifold was tapped into for narrating, diff erentiating and evaluating. Th e use of the words and their meaning diff ered also territorially and socially. -
July 2020 in This Issue Online Readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 Click on Images an Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for Hyperlinks
A publication of the Lunar Section of ALPO Edited by David Teske: [email protected] 2162 Enon Road, Louisville, Mississippi, USA Recent back issues: http://moon.scopesandscapes.com/tlo_back.html July 2020 In This Issue Online readers, ALPO Conference November 6-7, 2020 2 Lunar Calendar July 2020 3 click on images An Invitation to Join ALPO 3 for hyperlinks. Observations Received 4 By the Numbers 7 Submission Through the ALPO Image Achieve 4 When Submitting Observations to the ALPO Lunar Section 9 Call For Observations Focus-On 9 Focus-On Announcement 10 2020 ALPO The Walter H. Haas Observer’s Award 11 Sirsalis T, R. Hays, Jr. 12 Long Crack, R. Hill 13 Musings on Theophilus, H. Eskildsen 14 Almost Full, R. Hill 16 Northern Moon, H. Eskildsen 17 Northwest Moon and Horrebow, H. Eskildsen 18 A Bit of Thebit, R. Hill 19 Euclides D in the Landscape of the Mare Cognitum (and Two Kipukas?), A. Anunziato 20 On the South Shore, R. Hill 22 Focus On: The Lunar 100, Features 11-20, J. Hubbell 23 Recent Topographic Studies 43 Lunar Geologic Change Detection Program T. Cook 120 Key to Images in this Issue 134 These are the modern Golden Days of lunar studies in a way, with so many new resources available to lu- nar observers. Recently, we have mentioned Robert Garfinkle’s opus Luna Cognita and the new lunar map by the USGS. This month brings us the updated, 7th edition of the Virtual Moon Atlas. These are all wonderful resources for your lunar studies. -
Sierra Madre Edition
SIERRA MADRE EDITION SATURDAY, OCTOBER 8, 2016 VOLUME 10 NO. 41 SATURDAY, JUNEWHAT 4, 2016 KIND OF CITY MANAGER DOES SIERRA MADRE WANT?VOLUME 10 NO. 23 At the Sierra Madre City Removal. It shall be the duty government and in regard to the Council meeting to be held of the city manager to, and he/ services maintained by public on Tuesday, October 11, 2016, she shall appoint, discipline, utilities in the city. the community is invited remove, promote and demote share with the council what any and all officers andK. Public Buildings. It shall be it is they want from the next employees of the city except the the duty of the city manager city manager. Elaine Aguilar, city clerk, city treasurer or city and he/she shall exercise the current City Manager for attorney, subject to all applicable general supervision over all more than 9 years, is retiring personnel ordinances, rules and public buildings, public parks in December. Finding her regulations. and all other public property replacement is a top priority which are under the control and for the council as the city is D.Administrative Reorgani- jurisdiction of the city council. also losing its Public Works zation of Offices. It shall be the L. Additional Duties. It shall Director and Director of duty and responsibility of the be the duty of the city manager Public Safety (Police Chief) city manager to conduct studies to perform other duties and to retirement at the end of the and effect administrativeexercise such other powers as year. The position of Assistant reorganization of offices,may be delegated to him/her City Manager is also vacant. -
Simplicius and Avicenna on the Nature of Body
Simplicius and Avicenna on the Nature of Body Abraham D. Stone August 18, 1999 1 Introduction Ibn S¯ına, known to the Latin West as Avicenna, was a medieval Aristotelian— one of the greatest of all medieval Aristotelians. He lived in Persia from 980 to 1037, and wrote mostly in Arabic. Simplicius of Cilicia was a sixth cen- tury Neoplatonist; he is known mostly for his commentaries on Aristotle. Both of these men were, broadly speaking, part of the same philosophical tradition: the tradition of Neoplatonic or Neoplatonizing Aristotelianism. There is probably no direct historical connection between them, however, and anyway I will not try to demonstrate one. In this paper I will examine their closely related, but ultimately quite different, accounts of corporeity— of what it is to be a body—and in particular of the essential relationship between corporeity and materiality.1 The problem that both Simplicius and Avicenna face in this respect is as follows. There is a certain genus of substances which forms the subject matter of the science of physics. I will refer to the members of this genus as the physical substances. On the one hand, all and only these physical substances 1A longer and more technical version of this paper will appear, under the title “Simpli- cius and Avicenna on the Essential Corporeity of Material Substance,” in R. Wisnovsky, ed., Aspects of Avicenna (= Princeton Papers: Interdisciplinary Journal of Middle Eastern Studies, vol. 9, no. 2) (Princeton: Markus Wiener, 2000). I want to emphasize at the outset that this paper is about Simplicius and Avicenna, not Aristotle. -
From the Edition of the Tractatus De Sphaera (1516) to the Cosmographia (1532)
Chapter 8 Oronce Fine and Sacrobosco: From the Edition of the Tractatus de sphaera (1516) to the Cosmographia (1532) Angela Axworthy Abstract This paper considers the contribution of the French mathematician Oronce Fine to the diffusion and transformation of Johannes de Sacrobosco’s Tractatus de sphaera by considering his 1516 edition of the Sphaera and his Cosmographia, sive sphaera mundi (in Protomathesis, 1532). The article first describes Fine’s life and career, as well as his work as editor of the Sphaera. In a second part, it considers what Fine, in the Cosmographia, has drawn and left aside from the Sphaera, revealing the consequent transformations to the teaching of Sacrobosco’s theory of the sphere and its adaptation to the cultural and intellectual environment in which Fine evolved. A last part considers the treatment, in the Cosmographia, of the cosmological representations transmitted by Sacrobosco and by subsequent interpreters of Ptolemaic astronomy concerning the number of celes- tial spheres and its relation to judicial astrology. A. Axworthy (*) Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Max Planck Institute for the History of Science, Berlin, Germany e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2020 185 M. Valleriani (ed.), De sphaera of Johannes de Sacrobosco in the Early Modern Period, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30833-9_8 186 A. Axworthy 1 Introduction1 Oronce Fine or Finé2 (1494–1555), a French mathematician from the Dauphiné, is chiefly known to historians of science for having been the first to -
Arizona Mine Accident Index (Updated 24 Mar 2014) A0128 Sherard Collection
Arizona Mine Accident Index (updated 24 Mar 2014) A0128 Sherard Collection. Russell L. & Lyn Wood Mining History Archive, Arthur Lakes Library, Colorado School of Mines Years covered: 1912-1929 Sources 5 Annual Report of the State Mine Inspector of the State of Arizona, vols. 1912-1929. 6 Mammoth Miners Memorial Organization [website]. news nd DATE NAME COUNTY/MINE F/N PAGE SOURCE REPORT YR 1927JAN3 ABA, FACUNDA YAVAPAI N 71 5 1927 1920JAN1 ABAD, BACELIO COCHISE N 31 5 1920 1923JAN24 ABASCAR, HILARIO GILA N 39 5 1923 1919SEP1 ABATA, FRANK COCHISE N 64 5 1919 1915APR28 ABATTI, GABRIEL GREENLEE N 27 5 1915 1929MAR8 ABBOT, BARTON GILA N 44 5 1929 1928MAR28 ABBOTT, FRANK COCHISE N 29 5 1928 1929JUN28 ABBOTT, FRANK COCHISE N 39 5 1929 1921OCT20 ABEYTIA, PEDRO GILA N 35 5 1921 1924APR9 ABILA, ELISO GILA N 38 5 1924 1916MAY15 ABO, JACK GILA N 57 5 1916 1920JUN18 ABRAMOVICH, F GILA N 44 5 1920 1918NOV3 ABRIL, JOSEPH M COCHISE N 77 5 1918 1925DEC30 ACCORD, JACK COCHISE N 28 5 1926 1919JAN5 ACEBO, SANTIAGO GREENLEE N 27 5 1919 1917NOV1 ACERO, C GILA N 65 5 1917 1924OCT26 ACERO, CASIMIRO PINAL N 60 5 1924 1918AUG29 ACERO, FELIPE GREENLEE N 39 5 1918 1918JUN14 ACERO, FELIX GREENLEE N 37 5 1918 1919FEB14 ACERO, MANUEL GILA N 40 5 1919 1917JAN7 ACERO, YGNACIO GILA N 52 5 1917 1923JUN29 ACEVAS, CENTONIO GILA N 32 5 1923 1915JUN15 ACEVAS, VENTURA GREENLEE N 28 5 1915 1918NOV20 ACEVEDO, FRANC A GREENLEE N 41 5 1918 DATE NAME COUNTY/MINE F/N PAGE SOURCE REPORT YR 1924JUL9 ACEVEDO, JUAN GILA N 31 5 1924 1927FEB3 ACEVEDO, JUAN GILA F 73 5 1927 1915MAY8 ACEVEDO, -
The Worship of Augustus Caesar
J THE WORSHIP OF AUGUSTUS C^SAR DERIVED FROM A STUDY OF COINS, MONUMENTS, CALENDARS, ^RAS AND ASTRONOMICAL AND ASTROLOGICAL CYCLES, THE WHOLE ESTABLISHING A NEW CHRONOLOGY AND SURVEY OF HISTORY AND RELIGION BY ALEXANDER DEL MAR \ NEW YORK PUBLISHED BY THE CAMBRIDGE ENCYCLOPEDIA CO. 62 Reade Street 1900 (All rights reserrecf) \ \ \ COPYRIGHT BY ALEX. DEL MAR 1899. THE WORSHIP OF AUGUSTUS CAESAR. CHAPTERS. PAGE. Prologue, Preface, ........ Vll. Bibliography, ....... xi. I. —The Cycle of the Eclipses, I — II. The Ancient Year of Ten Months, . 6 III. —The Ludi S^eculares and Olympiads, 17 IV. —Astrology of the Divine Year, 39 V. —The Jovian Cycle and Worship, 43 VI. —Various Years of the Incarnation, 51 VII.—^RAS, 62 — VIII. Cycles, ...... 237 IX. —Chronological Problems and Solutions, 281 X. —Manetho's False Chronology, 287 — XI. Forgeries in Stone, .... 295 — XII. The Roman Messiah, .... 302 Index, ........ 335 Corrigenda, ....... 347 PROLOGUE. THE ABYSS OF MISERY AND DEPRAVITY FROM WHICH CHRISTIANITY REDEEMED THE ROMAN EMPIRE CAN NEVER BE FULLY UNDERSTOOD WITHOUT A KNOWLEDGE OF THE IMPIOUS WoA^P OF EM- PERORS TO WHICH EUROPE ONCE BOWED ITS CREDULOUS AND TERRIFIED HEAD. WHEN THIS OMITTED CHAPTER IS RESTORED TO THE HISTORY OF ROME, CHRISTIANITY WILL SPRING A LIFE FOR INTO NEW AND MORE VIGOROUS ; THEN ONLY WILL IT BE PERCEIVED HOW DEEP AND INERADICABLY ITS ROOTS ARE PLANTED, HOW LOFTY ARE ITS BRANCHES AND HOW DEATH- LESS ARE ITS AIMS. PREFACE. collection of data contained in this work was originally in- " THEtended as a guide to the author's studies of Monetary Sys- tems." It was therefore undertaken with the sole object of estab- lishing with precision the dates of ancient history. -
The Fragments of the Poem of Parmenides
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by D-Scholarship@Pitt RESTORING PARMENIDES’ POEM: ESSAYS TOWARD A NEW ARRANGEMENT OF THE FRAGMENTS BASED ON A REASSESSMENT OF THE ORIGINAL SOURCES by Christopher John Kurfess B.A., St. John’s College, 1995 M.A., St. John’s College, 1996 M.A., University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, 2000 Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Pittsburgh 2012 UNVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH The Dietrich School of Arts and Sciences This dissertation was presented by Christopher J. Kurfess It was defended on November 8, 2012 and approved by Dr. Andrew M. Miller, Professor, Department of Classics Dr. John Poulakos, Associate Professor, Department of Communication Dr. Mae J. Smethurst, Professor, Department of Classics Dissertation Supervisor: Dr. Edwin D. Floyd, Professor, Department of Classics ii Copyright © by Christopher J. Kurfess 2012 iii RESTORING PARMENIDES’ POEM Christopher J. Kurfess, Ph.D. University of Pittsburgh, 2012 The history of philosophy proper, claimed Hegel, began with the poem of the Presocratic Greek philosopher Parmenides. Today, that poem is extant only in fragmentary form, the various fragments surviving as quotations, translations or paraphrases in the works of better-preserved authors of antiquity. These range from Plato, writing within a century after Parmenides’ death, to the sixth-century C.E. commentator Simplicius of Cilicia, the latest figure known to have had access to the complete poem. Since the Renaissance, students of Parmenides have relied on collections of fragments compiled by classical scholars, and since the turn of the twentieth century, Hermann Diels’ Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker, through a number of editions, has remained the standard collection for Presocratic material generally and for the arrangement of Parmenides’ fragments in particular.