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Alignment Mouth Demonstrations in Sign Languages Donna Jo Napoli
Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstrations in sign languages Donna Jo Napoli, Swarthmore College, [email protected] Corresponding Author Ronice Quadros, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, [email protected] Christian Rathmann, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, [email protected] 1 Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstrations in sign languages Abstract: Non-manual articulations in sign languages range from being semantically impoverished to semantically rich, and from being independent of manual articulations to coordinated with them. But, while this range has been well noted, certain non-manuals remain understudied. Of particular interest to us are non-manual articulations coordinated with manual articulations, which, when considered in conjunction with those manual articulations, are semantically rich. In which ways can such different articulators coordinate and what is the linguistic effect or purpose of such coordination? Of the non-manual articulators, the mouth is articulatorily the most versatile. We therefore examined mouth articulations in a single narrative told in the sign languages of America, Brazil, and Germany. We observed optional articulations of the corners of the lips that align with manual articulations spatially and temporally in classifier constructions. The lips, thus, enhance the message by giving redundant information, which should be particularly useful in narratives for children. Examination of a single children’s narrative told in these same three sign languages plus six other sign languages yielded examples of one type of these optional alignment articulations, confirming our expectations. Our findings are coherent with linguistic findings regarding phonological enhancement and overspecification. Keywords: sign languages, non-manual articulation, mouth articulation, hand-mouth coordination 2 Mouth corners in sign languages Alignment mouth demonstration articulations in sign languages 1. -
Use of Theses
THESES SIS/LIBRARY TELEPHONE: +61 2 6125 4631 R.G. MENZIES LIBRARY BUILDING NO:2 FACSIMILE: +61 2 6125 4063 THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY EMAIL: [email protected] CANBERRA ACT 0200 AUSTRALIA USE OF THESES This copy is supplied for purposes of private study and research only. Passages from the thesis may not be copied or closely paraphrased without the written consent of the author. Language in a Fijian Village An Ethnolinguistic Study Annette Schmidt A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the Australian National University. September 1988 ABSTRACT This thesis investigates sociolinguistic variation in the Fijian village of Waitabu. The aim is to investigate how particular uses, functions and varieties of language relate to social patterns and modes of interaction. ·The investigation focuses on the various ways of speaking which characterise the Waitabu repertoire, and attempts to explicate basic sociolinguistic principles and norms for contextually appropriate behaviour.The general purpose is to explicate what the outsider needs to know to communicate appropriately in Waitabu community. Chapter one discusses relevant literature and the theoretical perspective of the thesis. I also detail the fieldwork setting, problems and restrictions, and thesis plan. Chapter two provides the necessary background information to this study, describing the geographical, demographical and sociohistorical setting. Description is given of the contemporary language situation, structure of Fijian (Bouma dialect), and Waitabu social structure and organisation. In Chapter 3, the kinship system which lies at the heart of Waitabu social organisation, and kin-based sociolinguistic roles are analysed. This chapter gives detailed description of the kin categories and the established modes of sociolinguistic behaviour which are associated with various kin-based social identities. -
The Harrovian
THE HARROVIAN KING WILLIAM'S COLLEGE MAGAZINE Published three times yearly NUMBER 239 . DECEMBER THE BARRQVIAN 239 DECEMBER 1959 CONTENTS Random Notes School Officers Valete Salvete Library Notes Chapel Notes Correspondence Founder's Day Honours List University Admissions First House Plays ... Literary and Debating Society Literary Contributions Manx Society Gramophone Society Photographic Society Scientific Society Music Club The Orchestra Chess Notes Golf Society Aeronautical Society Badminton Society Shooting Combined Cadet Force ist K.W.C. Scout Group ... Swimming Cricket Rugby Football O.K.W. Section Obituaries Contemporaries We are grateful to the Isle of Man Times and Mona's Herald for permission to reprint photographs in this issue. THE BARROVIAN [December RANDOM NOTES Many friends, parents and O.K.W.'s will be interested to hear that Archdeacon Stenning in his capacity as Chaplain to the Royal Household has been asked to preach in the Chapel Royal on May 8th, 1960, at 10.45 a.m. * # * At the end of this term Mr. B. C. A. Hartley will be handing over as Housemaster of Junior House to Mr. C. Attwood. We should like to take this opportunity of joining the very large numbers of ex- Junior House boys and their parents who would like to thank Mr. Hartley for all the help and encouragement that he has given at Junior House for over twenty years. To say more at this stage would be to anticipate Mr. Hartley s retirement, an event happily many years distant. * * # We congratulate Dr. C. A. Caine (1942-49) who was elected into a Fellowship as Tutor in Mathematics at St. -
4348 Fiji Planning Map 1008
177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua 0 10 National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Sasa Coral reefs Nasea l Cobia e n Pacific Ocean n Airports and airfields Navidamu Labasa Nailou Rabi a ve y h 16° 30’ o a C Natua r B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld Nabiti ka o Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. a Yandua Nadivakarua s Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Viwa Nanuku Passage Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata Wayalevu tu Vanua Balavu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Malake - Nasau N I- r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna Vaileka C H Kuata Tavua h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Sorokoba Ra n Lomaiviti Mago -
Out-Of-School Children: a Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth
C O L C O L Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth Sharishna Narayan With support from Tony Mays Som Naidu Kirk Perris Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth Sharishna Narayan With support from Tony Mays Som Naidu Kirk Perris The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation created by Commonwealth Heads of Government to encourage the development and sharing of knowledge, resources and technologies in open learning and distance education. Commonwealth of Learning, 2021 © 2021 by the Commonwealth of Learning. Out-of-School Children: A Contemporary View from the Pacific Island Countries of the Commonwealth is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International Licence, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/. For avoidance of doubt, by applying this licence, the Commonwealth of Learning does not waive any privileges or immunities from claims that they may be entitled to assert, nor does the Commonwealth of Learning submit itself to the jurisdiction, courts, legal processes or laws of any jurisdiction. ISBN: 978-1-7772648-4-0 Cover photo: M M from Switzerland, CC BY-SA 2.0 <https://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-sa/2.0>, via Wikimedia Commons Published by: COMMONWEALTH OF LEARNING 4710 Kingsway, Suite 2500 Burnaby, British Columbia Canada V5H 4M2 Telephone: +1 604 775 8200 Fax: +1 604 775 8210 Web: www.col.org Email: [email protected] Contents Acknowledgements ................................................................................ viii Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................... ix 1. Overview ..................................................................................................... 1 Exploratory Study of Out-of-School Children (OOSC) in the Pacific: 2. -
THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2015 By
AS INTRODUCED IN LOK SABHA Bill No. 90 of 2015 THE CONSTITUTION (AMENDMENT) BILL, 2015 By SHRI ASHWINI KUMAR CHOUBEY, M.P. A BILL further to amend the Constitution of India. BE it enacted by Parliament in the Sixty-sixth Year of the Republic of India as follows:— 1. This Act may be called the Constitution (Amendment) Act, 2015. Short title. 2. In the Eighth Schedule to the Constitution,— Amendment of the Eighth (i) existing entries 1 and 2 shall be renumbered as entries 2 and 3, respectively, Schedule. 5 and before entry 2 as so renumbered, the following entry shall be inserted, namely:— "1. Angika."; (ii) after entry 3 as so renumbered, the following entry shall be inserted, namely:— "4. Bhojpuri."; and (iii) entries 3 to 22 shall be renumbered as entries 5 to 24, respectively. STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS Language is not only a medium of communication but also a sign of respect. Language also reflects on the history, culture, people, system of governance, ecology, politics, etc. 'Bhojpuri' language is also known as Bhozpuri, Bihari, Deswali and Khotla and is a member of the Bihari group of the Indo-Aryan branch of the Indo-European language family and is closely related to Magahi and Maithili languages. Bhojpuri language is spoken in many parts of north-central and eastern regions of this country. It is particularly spoken in the western part of the State of Bihar, north-western part of Jharkhand state and the Purvanchal region of Uttar Pradesh State. Bhojpuri language is spoken by over forty million people in the country. -
Vanua Levu Vita Levu Suva
177° 00’ 178° 00’ 178° 30’ 179° 00’ 179° 30’ 180° 00’ Cikobia 179° 00’ 178° 30’ Eastern Division Natovutovu 0 10 20 30 Km 16° 00’ Ahau Vetauua 16° 00’ Rotuma 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 km 16°00’ 12° 30’ 180°00’ Qele Levu Nambouono FIJI 0 25 50 75 100 mi 180°30’ 0 10 20 Km Tavewa Drua Drua National capital 177°00’ Kia Vitina Nukubasaga Mali Wainingandru Towns and villages Coral reefs Sasa Nasea l Cobia e n n Airports and airfields Pacific Ocean Navidamu Rabi a Labasa e y Nailou h v a C 16° 30’ Natua ro B Yanuc Division boundaries d Yaqaga u a ld ka o Nabiti Macuata Ca ew Kioa g at g Provincial boundaries Votua N in Yakewa Kalou Naravuca Vunindongoloa Loa R p Naselesele Roads u o Nasau Wailevu Drekeniwai Laucala r Yasawairara Datum: WGS 84; Projection: Alber equal area G Bua Savusavu Laucala Denimanu Bua conic: standard meridan, 179°15’ east; standard a Teci Nakawakawa Wailagi Lala w Tamusua a parallels, 16°45’ and 18°30’ south. s Yandua Nadivakarua Ngathaavulu a Nacula Dama Data: VMap0 and Fiji Islands, FMS 16, Lands & Y Wainunu Vanua Levu Korovou CakaudroveTaveuni Survey Dept., Fiji 3rd Edition, 1998. Bay 17° 00’ Nabouwalu 17° 00’ Matayalevu Solevu Northern Division Navakawau Naitaba Ngunu Nanuku Passage Viwa Bligh Water Malima Nanuya Kese Lau Group Balavu Western Division V Nathamaki Kanacea Mualevu a Koro Yacata tu Cikobia-i-lau Waya Wayalevu Malake - Vanua Balavu I- Nasau N r O Tongan Passage Waya Lailai Vita Levu Rakiraki a Kade R Susui T Muna C H Kuata Tavua Vaileka h E Navadra a Makogai Vatu Vara R Ra n Mago N Sorokoba n Lomaiviti -
Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification Alexandre François
Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification Alexandre François To cite this version: Alexandre François. Trees, Waves and Linkages: Models of Language Diversification. Bowern, Claire; Evans, Bethwyn. The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics, Routledge, pp.161-189, 2014, 978-0-41552-789-7. 10.4324/9781315794013.ch6. halshs-00874726v2 HAL Id: halshs-00874726 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00874726v2 Submitted on 19 Mar 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. The Routledge Handbook of Historical Linguistics Edited by Claire Bowern and Bethwyn Evans RH of Historical Linguistics BOOK.indb iii 3/26/2014 1:20:21 PM 6 Trees, waves and linkages Models of language diversifi cation Alexandre François 1 On the diversifi cation of languages 1.1 Language extinction, language emergence The number of languages spoken on the planet has oscillated up and down throughout the history of mankind.1 Different social factors operate in opposite ways, some resulting in the decrease of language diversity, others favouring the emergence of new languages. Thus, languages fade away and disappear when their speakers undergo some pressure towards abandoning their heritage language and replacing it in all contexts with a new language that is in some way more socially prominent (Simpson, this volume). -
ONOC 2019 Annual Report (OSFO Section)
INTERNATIONAL FEDERATIONS Organisation of Sports Judo Federations of Oceania Rugby Union Archery Sailing Athletics Softball Badminton Squash Baseball Swimming Basketball Table Tennis Canoeing Taekwondo Cycling Tennis Fencing Touch Gymnastics Volleyball Handball Hockey 206 OCEANIA NATIONAL OLYMPIC COMMITTEES 2019 ANNUAL REPORT Organisation of Sports Federations of Oceania (OSFO) OSFO PRESIDENT’S REPORT • Collaboration at formulating strategic plans School. Oceania Rugby has also purchased At last year’s within the region journals and we hope that more sports will Assembly, the • Promotion of sports activities in the region implement the journal in the coming year. We members took with the development of the OSFO website acknowledge the ongoing valuable contribution the decision to • Promotion of mentoring of athletes, by Edwina Ricci in the rollout and look forward increase the administrators, and coaches to increased promotion and expansion of this membership of • More active promotion of the Positive Edge initiative during 2020. the Executive Journal Board by voting • A joint effort in additional funding for Oceania In an endeavour to stimulate a broader for Constitutional change. The appointments Sports Federations, in collaboration with understanding of the value of OSFO’s work, we of Ryan Pini, as Athlete’s Representative and ASOIF took the opportunity at the successful Pacific Christian Holtz to replace Michael Brown, who • Collaboration with Pacific Games Council Games in Samoa last July to have Yvonne had relocated to Asia for a new role with the Mullens and Ryan Pini host a function and ITTF, were ratified, each with a term of four The Executive Board believes that the OSFO has address the Pacific Games Council on these years. -
The Tikinaof Yasawa
13 The Tikina of Yasawa The islands of Nacula and Matacawalevu The island of Nacula lies about 2 km south of the island of Yasawa and 8 km north of the island of Matacawalevu. It is nearly 10 km long from north to south, and 3 km across at the widest part. It had a total area of about 22 square km. The coastline is indented on both sides. The main ridge roughly follows the west coast, and the highest part is the peak of Korobeka (251 m) towards the north end. There are two other peaks, 237 m and 221m high towards the south end. Near the centre, a transverse ridge rises to 153 m. Along the west coast, streams flow into the sea through flats and mangrove swamps. There is a wide bay in the middle of the west coast. There are at present four villages, two at the north and south extremes of the east (windward) coast, and two to leeward in the western bay, with a total population of over 500. About 1.5 km to the west of the southern end of Nacula is the freehold island of Tavewa with an area of about 160 ha. The island of Matacawalevu is about 5 km long from north to south, and over 2 km across at the widest part. It has a total area of about 9 square km. The highest peak is Uluikorolevu (300 m) towards the southern end of the island. Along the windward, eastern coast, streams flow into the sea through mangrove swamps or lagoons. -
A Yachtsman's Fiji
AA YACHTSMAN'SYACHTSMAN'S FIJIFIJI A Navigator's Notebook Michael Calder The Cruising Classroom SYDNEY Published by The Cruising Classroom 20 Milham Crescent, Forestville, NSW 2087, AUSTRALIA All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission in writing of the publisher. This guide is intended for use with the official navigational publications and charts. While every effort has been made to describe conditions accurately, the author and publisher shall have no liability to any person or entity with regard to any liability, loss, or damage caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by the instructions or advice given herein. Copyright © Michael Calder, 1987 Typeset by The Cruising Classroom Printed in Singapore by Kyodo Printing National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Calder, Michael, 1931- . A Yachtsman’s Fiji : a navigator’s notebook. 2nd ed. Includes index. ISBN 0 646 14682 3. 1. Pilot guides — Fiji. 2. Yachts and yachting - Fiji. I. Title. 623.89299611 First Published in 1987 2nd Edition - 1993 3rd Edition (Electronic) - 2011 Table of Contents A YACHTSMAN'S FIJI..........................................................................................1 Preface.....................................................................................................................15 What This Book Is:.............................................................................................16 -
FIJI ISLANDS Bula, Welcome! World-Renowned Snorkelling and Diving Paradise, Unlimited Watersports, Enriching Cultures And
7 DAY CHARTER ITINERARY FIJI ISLANDS Bula, Welcome! World-renowned snorkelling and diving paradise, unlimited watersports, enriching cultures and... a land of smiles. Bula Vinaka is the Fijian phrase for “Hello” but directly translates to “to be alive” and is a way of wishing someone good health and a long life. You will hear this often throughout your stay with us in Fiji and before long you will be saying “bula” to everyone you meet. Just 20 minutes away from Nadi International airport, board your yacht at the vibrant Port Denarau Marina. We will cruise the islands West of Vitii Levu, the largest and principal island of the Fijian group. These islands are made up of two main groups, the stunning Mamanucas in the South and the world famous Yasawas in the North. You will find stunning beaches and lively reefs surrounding the 322 islands in Fiji, many of which remain uninhabited. ANNUAL RAINFALL (MM) RAINFALL ANNUAL The weather in Fiji from June to October has an average high temperature of 28 degrees Celsius and an average low of 20 degrees Celsius. This is the Fijian dry season so there is generally low humidity and it is usually very comfortable in the month of July. The Yasawa and Mamanuca group of Islands are located on the North West side of Fiji and usually have less rainfall than the Eastern side, with slight to moderate rainfalls. The sea temperature is approximately 25 degrees and the average wind speed is between 6-12 knots. There are approximately 11.5 hours of sunlight per day and this is a beautiful time of the year to cruise Fiji.