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Department of Studies and Financial Forecasts Regions in Morocco : Sector‐based Contribution to National Wealth Creation Are all Moroccan regions growing at roughly the same pace? Have they achieved the same results or are there inter‐regional disparities in terms of performance? Answers to these questions warrant analysis of significant GDP indicators. Stakes are high, and central power must provide adequate support systems in a bid to decentralize implementation of public policies. For their part, local authorities are required to take concrete steps towards putting in effect regional strategies of sustainable development. January 2010 Régions du Maroc : Contributions sectorielles à la création de la richesse nationale_____________________________________ Table of Content Table of Content--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2 List of Acronyms--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 Introduction -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 1. Evaluation Methods of Regional Growth------------------------------------------------ 7 2. Assessment of Regional Added Value by Business Sector --------------------------10 2.1. Region-based Added Value of Primary sector--------------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.1.1. Region-based Added Vlaue for Agriculture --------------------------------------------------------- 10 2.1.2. Region based Added Value for Fishing -------------------------------------------------------------- 13 2.2. Region-based Value for Secondary Sector ------------------------------------------------------------------- 16 2.2.1. Region-based Value for Extractive Sector ----------------------------------------------------------- 17 2.2.2. Region-based Added Value for Processing Industry----------------------------------------------- 19 2.2.3. Region-based Added Value for Refinery and Energy Products---------------------------------- 21 2.2.4. Region-based added value for the electricity and water sector-------------------------------- 242 2.2.5. Added Value for Construction and Public Works per Region ---------------------------------- 264 2.3. Region-based added value in the tertiary sector---------------------------------------------------------- 3027 2.3.1. Region-based added value for hotels and restaurants------------------------------------------- 3128 2.3.2. Region-based added value for commercial services off hotels and restaurants ------------ 3330 2.3.3. Region –based added value in non-traded services---------------------------------------------- 3431 2.4. Concentration of regional GDP in three regions……… ………………………………..34 Bibliography ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------463 List of figures ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 484 Graph list---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45 List of tables ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 506 Appendiecs……………………………………………………………………………………...47 Regions in n Morocco: Sector-Based Contribution in the Creation of National Wealth List of Acronyms CO : Chaouia - Ouardigha DA : Doukkala – Abda FB : Fès – Boulemane GC : Greater Casablanca GCBH : Gharb - Chrarda - Béni Hssen GS : Guelmim - Es-Semara LBSH : Laâyoune - Boujdour - S. El Hamra MT : Meknès – Tafilalet MTH : Marrakech – Tensift - Al Haouz O : Eastern Part ODL : Oued Ed-Dahab - Lagouira RSZZ : Rabat - Salé - Zemmour - Zaer SMD : Souss - Massa - Daraa TA : Tadla – Azilal THT : Taza - Al Hoceïma - Taounate TT : Tanger - Tétouan 3 Regions in n Morocco: Sector-Based Contribution in the Creation of National Wealth Introduction Determining the economic and social profile of a region may seem easy in light of dominant discourse on the benefits of extensive decentralization. Pitfalls in functionalist approaches adopted by the state and its institutions appear without delay, thereby undermining attempts to come up with an analysis which could question emerging development rationale that is increasingly gaining ground. Curiously enough, the region is to a certain extent a territorialized entity that is at the heart of the debate on this new rationale. In this instance, it serves, however, as a defining element of a new development vision and not as a mere substitute used strictly for basic tasks in the local management of national development programs. The interplay between development economy and territorial economy gave birth to perspectives on development economy as a whole. One such perspective is a new outlook on territorialized development processes, hence the importance of alternative methods of space management which no longer serves as a mere adjunct to major activity. Perspectives on territory change to allow room for territorial economy and localized systems of production and bring into play factors such as competition, cooperation, labor division and innovation. In Morocco, the debate on regionalization appears to have been gaining momentum since 1976, following the review of the communal charter that governs local authorities. Both the 1992 and 1996 constitutions gave decentralization a territorial dimension, further consolidated through a revised communal charter in October 2002 and its amendment in 2008. The perspective on regionalization, nonetheless, continues to be anchored in decentralization. High Royal Directives outlined in the King’s address of January 3, 2010, mark, however, a new era in the dynamics of institutional reforms and speak in favor of a more advanced view on regionalization. Therefore, “extended regionalization is not meant to be mere technical or administrative planning but rather an informed choice towards renovation and modernization of state bodies and the consolidation of integrated development.” Such new dynamics is the best barometer to initiate new practices towards fostering Morocco’s economic, social and cultural progress, and extend tangible achievements to all regions without losing account of local resources, efforts and legitimate aspirations. Given today’s economic downturn in the international market, a Moroccan model of growth requires more than ever an alternative approach that takes the region as an adequate framework for development, and regionalization as a suitable mode of management and action. Morocco’s experience of regionalization is still beset with several challenges. o There are wider discrepancies amongst regions in terms of the job market, mounting social exclusion, inconsistency in urban growth and its negative impact on territorial competitiveness in most Moroccan cities, together with the severe damage caused to the environment. Such factors undermine the central sector-based style of management used in the country. 4 Regions in n Morocco: Sector-Based Contribution in the Creation of National Wealth o There is marked absence of regional mapping crucial to building regional entities that could in turn constitute a framework for mobilizing the population and raising awareness of the potentials of the region o Regional institutions are under-organized and fall short of duties such as territorial and economic tasks, as well as social planning for development, territorial marketing, and economic monitoring procedure. o Poor financing and shortage of skilled human resources. The paradigm of regional development is meant to strike a regional balance and ensure all citizens have equal access to public services and enjoy the same opportunities for social mobility through improvement of their potential in the creation of wealth. The region is a thriving domain for economic and social development as well as a platform for reflection and planning. It is in search of fresh perspectives on managing development in terms of planning, governance, and the conceptual arsenal that allows it to attend more closely to the needs of the population. One cannot possibly pretend to a full grasp of all issues relating to regional development. While exercising its prerogatives of economic monitoring, The Department of Studies and Financial Forecasts at the Ministry of Economy and Finance can, however, contribute to this area deemed crucial to delivering modern development. Using instruments of territorial governance, the DSFF has conducted an analysis of the institutional mechanism used in regional development, and concluded that on-going modernization projects warrant a style of governance that combines two approaches. Whereas the first approach sets poles to power and then in consistent fashion deals with various kinds of territories and degrees of space management, the second is a multilevel structure that adapts to different territorial scales.1 To draw up a typology of regions, the DSFF has then proceeded to the analysis of a wide range of economic and socio-demographic indicators.2 It had to set a timeline to keep record of developments in various regions and highlight progress made in terms of sustainable development while pointing out persistent discrepancies. These analyses tend to be much deeper and more sector-based with closer focus on intra- regional as well as inter-regional disparities in terms of industrial productivity.3 They have addressed issues of specialization and industrial concentration to assess assets and weaknesses of regional process industries, using three indicators,
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