Technical Specification for 5 Mva and 10 Mva Power Transformer
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Electricity Today Issue 4 Volume 17, 2005
ET_4_2005 6/3/05 10:41 AM Page 1 A look at the upcoming PES IEEE General Meeting see page 5 ISSUE 4 Volume 17, 2005 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES: Protection & Performance and Transformer Maintenance PUBLICATION MAIL AGREEMENT # 40051146 Electrical Buyer’s Guides, Forums, On-Line Magazines, Industry News, Job Postings, www.electricityforum.com Electrical Store, Industry Links ET_4_2005 6/3/05 10:41 AM Page 2 CONNECTINGCONNECTING ...PROTECTING...PROTECTING ® ® ® HTJC, Hi-Temperature Joint Compound With a unique synthetic compound for "gritted" and "non-gritted" specifications, the HTJC high temperature "AA" Oxidation Inhibitor improves thermal and electrical junction performance for all connections: • Compression Lugs and Splices for Distribution and Transmission • Tees, Taps and Stirrups on any conductor • Pad to Pad Underground, Substation and Overhead connections For oxidation protection of ACSS class and other connector surfaces in any environment (-40 oC to +250 oC), visit the Anderson ® / Fargo ® connectors catalogue section of our website www.HubbellPowerSystems.ca Anderson® and Fargo® offer the widest selection of high performance inhibitor compounds: Hubbell Canada LP, Power Systems TM ® ® 870 Brock Road South Inhibox , Fargolene , Versa-Seal Pickering, ON L1W 1Z8 Phone (905) 839-1138 • Fax: (905) 831-6353 www.HubbellPowerSystems.ca POWER SYSTEMS ET_4_2005 6/3/05 10:41 AM Page 3 in this issue Publisher/Executive Editor Randolph W. Hurst [email protected] SPECIAL PREVIEW Associate Publisher/Advertising Sales 5 IEEE PES General Meeting has -
Maintenance Manuals
1ZVN460100 – D Maintenance Manuals 1ZVN460100 – D 2 / 3 Table of contents 1 Maintenance............................................................................................................... 3 2 Trouble Shooting ....................................................................................................... 5 1ZVN460100-D 1. Maintenance: Subject Check Time period Remarks Year Month Insulating oil Dielectric strength 3 Moisture content 1 Neutralisation value 1 Interfacial surface tension 1 Water content 1 Sludge content 1 Gas analysis 1 Oil tightness Tank 3 Conservator 3 Cooling equipment 3 Piping 3 Bushings 3 Cable sealing ends 3 If applicable Cable boxes 3 If applicable Buchholz relay 3 Gate valves 3 Valves 3 Oil level Tank 1 Conservator 1 Bushings 1 Cable sealing ends 1 If applicable Cable boxes 1 If applicable Thermometer pockets 1 Venting devices Tank 1 Release vent screws until Cooling equipment 1 Oil emerges. Afterwards Intermediate piping 1 screw plugs tight Bushings 1 Piping 1 Buchholz relay 1 Cable sealing ends 1 If applicable Earthing devices All metal parts 1 Tank 1 Motors 1 Star points 1 If applicable Surge arresters 1 If applicable Control cabinet 1 Steal armoured cabling 1 Shut-off devices In position “service” As required See plan “Position of shut off devices” (if provided) Buchholz relay Direction of oil flow At erection Float 1 Contacts 1 Gas sampling device 1 If applicable Functional test 1 Dial-type thermometers Contact setting 1 See the Technical data Position of maximum pointer 1 Functional test 1 Current -
Type VRLTC™ Load Tap Changer
Technical guide Type VRLTC™ load tap changer Table of contents 2 General information 4 Switching sequences 6 Tank characteristics 6 Terminal board 7 Tap selector 7 Stationary contacts 7 Reversing switch or change over selector 8 Drive shaft 8 By-pass switch and vacuum interrupter mechanism 10 Current detector module 11 Motor drive enclosure 12 Digital servo motor system 13 Decision making and monitoring 14 Maintenance and inspection features 14 Service recommendations 15 Mechanical components 15 Electrical engineering information 16 Type tests 17 Notes Technical guide | VRLTC load tap changer 01 General information ABB designed, developed and will manufacture the type VRLTC The drive motor is a digitally controlled servo motor which load tap changer (LTC) at its facility in Alamo, Tennessee. The precisely responds to the commands from the digital drive. LTC meets all of the required specifications according to IEEE Cam switches and electromechanical relays are not used in this C57.131 and IEC 60214. The LTC is an on-tank, vacuum tap changer. The entire system is monitored and controlled reactance type suitable for either automatic or manual control. by the Tap Logic Monitoring System (TLMS™) mounted in the motor compartment. Three major components make up the LTC: the tap changing components, the driving components, and the decision making/ The components of the tap changing circuit are: monitoring components. The tap changing components are — The preventive autotransformer - a separate device mounted contained in an oil-filled steel tank. The transformer’s tap leads inside the transformer which provides the switching impedance and preventive autotransformer (PA or switching reactor) leads — The tap changing module - consists of the tap selector and are connected to the back of the LTC terminal board. -
Power Transformer Protection
Power Transformer Protection Course No: E06-003 Credit: 6 PDH Velimir Lackovic, Char. Eng. Continuing Education and Development, Inc. 22 Stonewall Court Woodcliff Lake, NJ 07677 P: (877) 322-5800 [email protected] POWER TRANSFORMER PROTECTION The advancement of electrical power systems has been reflected in the developments in power transformer manufacturing. This has led to a wide range of power transformers. Their ratings range from a few kVA to several hundred MVA and are used for a wide variety of applications. Power transformer protection varies with the application and transformer importance. In the case of a fault within the power transformer it is important to minimize tripping time in order to decrease the impact of thermal stress and electrodynamic forces. Distribution power transformers can be protected by using fuses or overcurrent protection relays. This leads to time-delayed protection due to downstream co-ordination requirements. Nevertheless, time delayed short circuit clearance is unacceptable on larger power transformers due to system operation/stability and cost of repair. Power transformer short circuits are typically grouped into five categories: - Winding and terminal short circuits - Core short circuits - Tank and transformer accessory short circuits - On–load tap changer short circuits - Prolonged or uncleared external short circuits Summary of short circuit causes initiated in the power transformer itself, is shown in Figure 1. Winding and Terminal Core Tank and Accessories OLTC Figure 1. Power transformer short circuit statistics TRANSFORMER WINDING FAULTS A transformer winding fault is limited in magnitude by the following factors: - source impedance - neutral grounding impedance - winding connection arrangement - fault voltage - power transformer leakage reactance Few distinct cases come up and are described below. -
B. Tech Electrical.Pdf
JECRC University Course Structure for Electrical Engineering (B.Tech.) JECRC UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering & Technology B.Tech in Electrical Engineering Teaching Scheme Semester III Subject Code Subject Contact Hrs Credits L-T-P Electronics Devices & Circuits 3-1-2 5 Circuit Analysis – I 3-1-0 4 Electrical Machines – I 3-1-2 5 Electrical Measurements 3-1-2 5 Mathematics – III 3-1-0 4 Computer Programming – I 3-0-2 4 Total 18-5-8 27 JECRC UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering & Technology B.Tech in Electrical Engineering Teaching Scheme Semester IV Subject Code Subject Contact Hrs Credits L-T-P Analogue Electronics 3-1-2 5 Digital Electronics 3-0-2 4 Circuit Analysis – II 3-1-0 4 Electrical Machines – II 3-1-2 5 Advanced Mathematics 3-1-0 4 Generation of Electric Power 3-0-0 3 Total 18-4-6 25 JECRC UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering & Technology B.Tech in Electrical Engineering Teaching Scheme Semester V Subject Code Subject Contact Hrs Credits L-T-P Power Electronics-I 3-1-2 5 Microprocessor & Computer 3-0-2 4 Architecture Transmission & Distribution – I 3-1-0 4 Control Systems 3-1-2 5 Utilization of Electrical Power 3-0-0 3 Digital Signal Processing 3-0-0 3 Total 18-3-6 24 JECRC UNIVERSITY Faculty of Engineering & Technology B.Tech in Electrical Engineering Teaching Scheme Semester VI Subject Code Subject Contact Hrs Credits L-T-P Power Electronics –II 3-1-2 5 Power System Analysis 3-1-2 5 EHV AC/DC Transmission 3-0-0 3 Switch Gear & protection 3-0-0 3 Instrumentation 3-0-0 3 Transmission & Distribution – II 3-1-0 4 Economics 0-0-2 1 -
Section 5 Protection Related Functions
1MAC050144-MB C Section 5 Protection related functions Section 5 Protection related functions 5.1 Three-phase transformer inrush detector INR 5.1.1 Identification IEC 61850 IEC 60617 ANSI/IEEE C37.2 Function description identification identification device number Three-phase inrush detector INRPHAR 3I2f> INR 5.1.2 Function block Figure 184: Function block 5.1.3 Functionality The transformer inrush detection INR is used to coordinate transformer inrush situations in distribution networks. Transformer inrush detection is based on the following principle: the output signal BLK2H is activated once the numerically derived ratio of second harmonic current I_2H and the fundamental frequency current I_1H exceeds the set value. The trip time characteristic for the function is of definite time (DT) type. The function contains a blocking functionality. Blocking deactivates all outputs and resets timers. 5.1.4 Operation principle The function can be enabled and disabled with the Operation setting. The corresponding parameter values are Enable and Disable. The operation of an inrush current detection function can be described by using a module diagram. All the blocks in the diagram are explained in the next sections. 615 series ANSI 383 Technical Manual Section 5 1MAC050144-MB C Protection related functions Figure 185: Functional module diagram. I_1H and I_2H represent fundamental and second harmonic values of phase currents. I_2H/I_1H This module calculates the ratio of the second harmonic (I_2H) and fundamental frequency (I_1H) phase currents. The calculated value is compared with the set Pickup value. If the calculated value exceeds the set Pickup value, the module output is activated. -
Fist 3-30 Transformer Maintenance
FIST 3-30 TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE FACILITIES INSTRUCTIONS, STANDARDS, AND TECHNIQUES U0+,'&*5,7,'5*&'<7R,9'0,*1F*,'*+0,'R+1R �UR'7U*1F*R'/�797,+10 &'0'R*/1�1R7&1 F+5,*W F7/+�+,+'5*+05,RU/,+105 5,70&7R&5*70&*,'/0+3U'5 TRANSFORMER MAINTENANCE 1E%46*2WWW (&R1'�'/,R+/*R'5'7R/*70&* ,'/0+/7�*5'R+/'5*)R1U< &�HW U0+,'&*5,7,'5*&'<7R,9'0,*1F*,'*+0,'R+1R �UR'7U*1F*R'/�797,+10 &'0'R*/1�1R7&1 Acronyms and Abbreviations A air ANA self-cooled, nonventilated kW kilowatt ANSI American National Standards IEEE Institute of Electrical and Institute Electronic Engineers CEGB Central Electric Generating M/DW moisture by dry weight Board mg milligram cfm cubic feet per minute mva mega-volt-amps CH4 methane ND not detected C2 H2 acetylene N2 nitrogen C2 H4 ethylene O oil C2 H6 ethane O2 oxygen CO carbon monoxide OD outer diameter CO2 carbon dioxide ppb parts per billion CT current transformer ppm parts per million DBPC Ditertiary Butyl Paracresol psi pounds per square inch DGA dissolved gas analysis Reclamation Bureau of Reclamation EHV extra high voltage SCADA Supervisory Control and Data FA forced air (fans) Acquisition FO forced oil (pumps) STP standard temperature and G some type of gas pressure GA gas, self-cooled TDCG total dissolved combustible gas gm grams TOA Transformer Oil Analyst GSU generator step up TTR transformer turns ratio test H2 hydrogen TSC Technical Service Center ID inner diameter UV ultraviolet IFT interfacial tension V volts IEC International Electrotechnical W water/oil heat exchanger Commission IR infrared JHA job hazard analysis KOH potassium hydroxide kV kilovolt kVA kilovoltampere Contents Page 1. -
Power Transformer Protection Author Application Guide R Nylen Senior Application Engineer
A GO3-5005 E March 1988 Power Transformer Protection Author Application Guide R Nylen Senior application engineer ) ABB Relays Power transformer protection AGO3-5005 E Page 2 List of contents 1. INTRODUCTION 2. CONDITlONS LEADING TO FAULTS 4.4 Grou~d fault protection 2.1 Insulation breakdown 4.4.1 General 2.2 Aging of insulation 4.4.2 Low irrnpedance residual overcurrent relay 2.3 Overheating due to overexcitation 4.4.3 Harmonic restraint relay 2.4 Oil contamination and leakage 4.4.4 High impedance restricted relay 2.5 Reduced cooling 4.4.5 Low impedance restricted relay 3. FAULT CURRENT 4.4.6 Tank protection 3.1 Ground faults in a solidly grounded 4.4.7 Residual voltage relay star-connected secondary winding 4.5 Overexcitation protection 3.2 Ground faults in a high impedance grounded star-connected 4.6 Flashover and ground fault protections for low voltage systems secondary winding 3.3 Ground faults in a delta-connected 4.6.1 Systems without rectifiers or frequency converters winding 3.4 Turn-to-turn faults 4.6.2 Systems with rectifiers and frequency converters without 3.5 Phase-to-phase faults pulse'width-modulation 4. PROTECTIVE RELAVS 4.6.3 Systems with rectifiers and pulse- 4.1 General width-modulated frequency converters 4.2 Differential relays 4.2.1 General 5. MONITORS ) 4.2.2 Differential relays for fully insulated 5.1 Gener,al transformers 5.2 Gas d~tector relay 4.2.3 Differential relays for auto- 5.3 Temperature monitoring transformers 5.4 PresslUre relay for on-load tap- 4.3 Overcurrent protection and changsrs impedance relays 5.5 PresslUre relief valve 4.3.1 Time-overcurrent relays 5.6 Oil level monitor 4.3.2 Under-impedance relays 5.7 Silica gel dehydrating breather 4.3.3 Distance relays 6. -
Chromatographic Analysis of Gases from the Transformer the Process of Creating and Detecting Gases in the Transformers
EVENTSDIAGNOSTICS Photo courtesy of Končar D&ST, Zagreb, Croatia Zagreb, D&ST, Končar of courtesy Photo Chromatographic analysis of gases from the transformer The process of creating and detecting gases in the transformers 1. Introduction ABSTRACT Given the demands of today’s power systems, the question ince the beginning of production of oil for transformers of the transformer reliability is one of the top priorities. it has been shown that during their work, due to various The need for monitoring the performance of transformers Sphenomena, certain gases may appear [1]. In 1928, Buch- is imposed since the beginning of their use. This article holz relay was first used to collect gas bubbles passing through aims to analyse the impact of the gases released during the oil to the conservator. Due to the occurrence of gas in the breakdowns and energy discharge within the transformer transformer, the oil is gradually being displaced, which in a cer- that could accelerate the degradation of the insulation sys- tain amount pulls down the float and turns on a warning signal. tem and gradually lead to major faults and incidents. In larger amounts of gas, Buchholz relay trips the transformer. Consequently, there was a need for a quality analysis of the situ- ation inside the transformer in order to detect and eliminate po- KEYWORDS tential failures. In the early sixties gas chromatograph appeared, transformer, analysis, oil, gas, insulation a device used to identify gases dissolved in transformer oil. Since the seventies, this analysis is used to detect a number of different 36 TRANSFORMERS MAGAZINE | Volume 2, Issue 1 Emir ŠIŠIC Chromatography is a separation me- thod in which components are sepa- rated and isolated in stationary and mobile phases of materials (out of which many are forming gases in the oil and above), damage to the insulation, reduction of operational safety, and ultimately failure or breakdown. -
Failure Analysis of a Power Transformer Using Dissolved Gas Analysis – a Case Study
IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308 FAILURE ANALYSIS OF A POWER TRANSFORMER USING DISSOLVED GAS ANALYSIS – A CASE STUDY Ankush Chander1 Nishant2 1M. Tech Scholar, EEE Department Arni University Indora Himachal Pradesh, India 2Assistant Professor, EEE Department, Arni University Indora Himachal Pradesh, India Abstract Reliable and continued performance of power Transformer is the key to profitable generation and transmission of electric power. Failure of a large power transformer not only results in the loss of very expensive equipment, but it can cause significant guarantied damage as well. Replacement of that transformer can take up to a year if the failure is not disastrous and can result in tremendous revenue losses and fines. A Power Transformer in operation is subjected to various stresses like thermal stress and electrical stress, resulting in liberation of gases from the hydrocarbon mineral oil which is used as insulant and coolant. Dissolved Gas Analysis is a technique used to assess incipient faults of the transformer by analyzing specific dissolved gas concentrations arising from the deterioration of the transformer. DGA is used not only as a diagnostic tool but also to track apparatus failure. In this case study the fault and defects that occurred in 400kV/220kV/132kV/66kV Sub Station can be found by DGA. Keywords: Power Transformer, Dissolved Gas Analysis, ----------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION Table 2.1 Failure Mode of Transformer A power transformer is one of the most important and costly Description Failures Duration devices in electrical systems. Its importance is attributed No % TTF ATF directly to the continuity of power supply, since its loss through failure or defect means a supply stoppage. -
Numerical Differential Protection of 220/132KV, 250 MVA Auto Transformer Using Siemens Make Differential Relay 7UT612
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056 Volume: 06 Issue: 07 | July 2019 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Numerical Differential Protection of 220/132KV, 250 MVA Auto Transformer using Siemens make differential relay 7UT612 Hashmat Hussain1, Dr. Muhammad Naeem Arbab2, Junaid Khalil3 1Senior Engineer NPCC NTDC Islamabad, Pakistan 2Professor, Deptt of Electrical Engg, UET Peshawar, Pakistan 3Senior Engineer Protection GSO Training Centre NTDC Tarbela, Pakistan ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract – Differential protection of power transformer is 1. Power T/F phase shift between HV & LV Currents as the main protection of power transformer. First generation of per Vector group of Power T/F. Electromechanical differential relays were difficult to balance 2. Different CT Ratios on HV & LV side of T/F. and had limited setting ranges while 3rd Generation 3. Power T/F Magnetization Inrush current [2] microprocessor based Numerical Differential relays are multi 4. Zero sequence current elimination [3] functional, has user friendly HMI, more sensitive, reliable and 5. CT saturation on external faults [4]. have vast setting ranges & options. Setting calculation and 6. Tap change operation. balancing of differential relay for a power transformer is a 7. CT Errors. difficult job for protection engineers. Methods used in field for 8. Through fault stability of differential relay. elimination -
W.E.F. : 2016-2017
R.V.R. & J.C. College of Engineering (Autonomous) R-16 R V R & J C COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, CHOWDAVARAM, GUNTUR-19 (Autonomous) R-16 REGULATIONS & SCHEME CHOICE BASED CREDIT SYSTEM Regulations, Scheme of Instruction, Examination and Detailed Syllabi for 4-Year B.Tech Degree Course in Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Semester System) w.e.f. : 2016-2017 B.Tech.(EEE)/R-16/2016-2017 Page 1 of 187 R.V.R. & J.C. College of Engineering (Autonomous) R-16 EEE Department Vision: “To impart education leading to highly competent professionals in the field of Electrical & Electronics Engineering who are globally competent and to make the Department a Centre for Excellence”. EEE Department Mission: “Integrated development of professionals with knowledge and skills in the field of specialization, ethics and values needed to be employable in the field of Electrical Engineering and contribute to the economic growth of the employing organization and pursue lifelong learning” Program Educational Objectives of B. Tech Program in Electrical & Electronics Engineering: PEO I. To facilitate the students to become Electrical & Electronics Engineers who are competent, innovative and productive in addressing the broader interests of the organizations & society. PEO II. To prepare the students to grow professionally with necessary soft skills. PEO III. To make our graduates to engage and excel in activities to enhance knowledge in their professional works with ethical codes of life & profession. Program Specific Outcomes of B. Tech Program in Electrical & Electronics Engineering: PSO1 Graduates of the program will be able to demonstrate knowledge and hands on competence in developing, Testing, Operation and Maintenance of Electrical & Electronics systems.