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Home Learning Year 8 History Revision Booklet 3 1. How did Manchester and Rochdale change during the Industrial Revolution? 2. Why was Jack the Ripper never caught? 3. How have people from Rochdale and Greater Manchester fought for their rights? Home Learning 4. How did WW1 impact the lives of people on the Home and Western Fronts? Task 1 – Key words: give a definition of each of these key terms from the Power and Protest topic. Key words Definitions Protest Suffragette Suffragist Massacre Peterloo Reform Government Democracy Cavalry Hussar Yeomanry Militant Radical Task 2 – Read the information on the next slide about 4 key movements of the 19th and early 20th century. Use 4 colours to highlight the origins, aims, actions and outcomes of each movement. Then compete the PEE paragraph below. Origins – When did it start? Who were the Actions – What methods did they use to Outcomes – What were the consequences of Aims – What did the protesters want to change? leaders? achieve their aims? their protest? Did they achieve their aims? Imagine you are now living back in 19th century Rochdale, you need to decide which of these 4 movement groups you would join and support. Practice your PEE paragraphs to explain why you would join this movement. Remember to include the details of your aims; what methods will you use; and how will you know you have achieved your aims? ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1. The Chartists: 2. The Cooperative Movement: Chartism was a working-class movement from 1839 to 1848 started by Feargus O’Connor, John Frost and William Robert Owen (1771–1858) is considered as the father of the movement, and the inspiration behind the Rochdale Lovett. Pioneers. Owen believed in providing his workers with a good environment and access to education for themselves and their children to improve their lives. The Rochdale Pioneers were a group of 28 individuals from Rochdale, The Chartists wanted to make 6 key changes to the political system of Britain which together they called “The England, that were inspired by Robert Owen’s ideals and formed in 1844. People’s Charter”. These points included: every man over 21 able to vote, votes to be done in secret, MPs were to be paid, MPs did not need to have property to serve in Parliament, constituencies to be equal in size and The Industrial Revolution transformed British working life as the invention of more complex machines forced skilled population, elections to be held every year. workers into poverty. Robert Owen and the Rochdale Pioneers wanted to help those in poverty. The Rochdale Pioneers were tradesmen who decided to band together to open their own store and sell food items at fair prices One of the methods used by the Chartists to persuade Parliament was the collection of petitions. The theory was which most people could not otherwise afford – “honest food for honest prices”. that Parliament would be impressed with the number of people who supported the Chartists and would push through popular change. Petitions were collected in 1839, 1842 and 1848. The petitions were so big that they had The Rochdale Pioneers established a “rule book” in 1844 which listed their objectives and methods of achieving to be carried into Parliament in carriages. The last petition had 5 million signatures on it however some argued this. Their top 4 are listed as: establish a collection of shops to sell necessary goods at affordable price, to provide that it might not have been very accurate. Many of the signatures were faked as apparently Queen Victoria's high quality housing to improve domestic (home) living conditions for members, provide employment for members signature was on the last petition! with fair wages, and to lobby and petition the government to makes laws that enforced these goals. In the end the Chartists movement collapsed and many of its leaders were arrested. Although the Chartist The Rochdale Pioneers are considered the first successful cooperative movement – it now has over 1 billion movement was not successful, Parliament did eventually adopt five of the six demands from the charter. Many members! The movement itself did not have much of an impact on Britain nationally and the government took very historians believe that it was the initial pressure from the Chartist movement that led to the British electoral system little notice. However, as more and more movements copied the principles of the Pioneers the more pressure the becoming fairer. government felt until it began implementing some small changes such as a minimum wage. 4. The Suffragettes: 3. The Suffragists: The Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) was founded in Manchester Oct. 1903 led by Emmeline Pankhurst. The National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) formed in 1897 led by Milicent Fawcett. Women were Originally members of the Suffragist Movement yet unhappy with the progress made caused a split in the treated and legally recognised as second class citizens as they could not vote in elections, employment movement as methods were viewed as ineffective. opportunities and wages were lesser than men (even when doing the same job), couldn’t even ask for a divorce Still demanded the same changes and improvements as the Suffragists, had no issue with them as the problems themselves only the husband could! they faced remained the same. The Suffragists wanted political, economic and social equality between men and women. They mainly demanded the right to vote in all types of political elections on the same terms as men because they paid the same taxes to Focus on aggressive and violent methods, determined to ensure the government and public knew they were serious about their demands and were a force to fear. Seen as the “bad cop” of the women’s rights movement: the government as men, yet not given any right or opportunity to have a voice in how the country was run. disrupted government meetings, spat at and attacked MPs and police officers, demanded the vote immediately, Focus on peaceful and legal means – trying to dispel view that women were not as clever and capable as men. refused to negotiate, “terrorist” / “criminal” acts – planted bombs in houses of MPs know to be against female Petition made 31st March 1894 – collected nearly 250,000 signatures. Seen as the “good cop” of the women’s rights, set fire to public buildings, willing to be arrested and sent to prison, refused to pay taxes and complete rights movement – signed petitions, organised peaceful rallies, displayed banners and posters, handed out leaflets census (national survey required by law), hunger strikes in prison, chained themselves to fences outside government buildings, suspected suicide with Emily Wilding Davison. – refused to use violent methods! The Suffragists caused an “anti-suffrage league” to be established against them which increased in popularity from Gained more media attention than Suffragettes believing negative publicity was better than no publicity. Huge 104 members in 1889 to 37,000 in 1907. They gained more support from both men and women than ever despite increase in membership as former supports of Suffragists abandoned peaceful methods. Strong reaction from achieving nothing significant in terms of change. Many female members thought the lack of progress was not government – refuse to negotiate with WSPU and strict law enforcement used. Force feeding in prisons gained because of their aims but rather their methods causing a split in the movement which created the Suffragettes. movement a lot of sympathy from the public – government seen as violent and shouldn’t treat own citizens this way. Task 3 – Read about the five problems ordinary people faced in the early 1800s that contributed to the protest at Peterloo in 1819 (next slide). Use the arrow graph to rank the significance of the problems, ensure to include a brief description of the problem and an explanation for your judgment. Biggest Problem Smallest Problem Reason 1 – Rotten Boroughs These
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