(—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) QUICK START (cont.) DESIGN GUIDE Modeling and Analysis of Potenal Maran Chloride Brines How to change the template color theme This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 44”x44” You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to presentation poster. You can use it to create your research the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and choose the color theme of poster and save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, text, P. E. Marn, M. S. Gilmore, and J. P. Greenwood your choice. You can also create your own color theme. and graphics.

We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, pemar[email protected] through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. Background and Methods Spectral Group 1- Na/Mg/K, Cl/SO4 Brines Spectral Group 2- Na/Mg/K, Cl/SO4/HCO3 When you are ready to print your poster, go online to Brines depress the freezing point and may allow liquid water to • Group 1 contains CMM [8], CAM [8], MKC [5], and CV1 [7]. Modeling • Group 2 is comprised of KS [12], MKS [5], TB2 [10], and CV1 [7]. exist at Mars temperatures [1]. Recent modeling efforts have made You can also manually change the color of your background by going PosterPresentations.com predicts: halite, thenardite (Na2SO4), hexahydrite, bloedite • Modeling predicts: halite, bischofite, carnallite (KMgCl ·6H O), 3 2 to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be attempts to understand the possible chemical nature of these brines (Na Mg(SO ) ·4H O), epsomite, picromerite (K Mg(SO ) ·6H O), 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 anhydrite, magnesite, kieserite, hexahydrite, hanksite, kainite, sure to go to VIEW > NORMAL to continue working on your poster. Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001 [e.g., 2]. The discovery of chloride [3] other evaporate deposits on gypsum (CaSO •2H O), aphthitalite (K,Na) Na(SO ) , loewite 4 2 3 4 2 sylvite, bloedite, epsomite, picromerite. the surface of Mars [e.g., 4] has led to investigation into whether the Na Mg (SO ) ·15H O, magnesite (MgCO ), sylvite (KCl). evaporites resulting from these brines could be detected spectrally. 12 7 4 13 2 3 • Most spectral features are explained by bischofite, the shape of the How to add Text • Spectral features are almost entirely explained by picromerite This study models various theoretical compositions of potential 1.75 µm feature implies the presence of mirabilite (NaSO4·10H2O) The template comes with a number of pre- (spectrum in [9]) and/or epsomite. Bloedite explains the 1.9 µm martian chloride brines, creates and evaporates them and or carnallite. formatted placeholders for headers and text QUICK START feature. CV1, with a lower K concentration, appears more like determines the mineralogy using XRD, SEM/EDS and VNIR • Thenardite present in the XRD may have been mirabilite before blocks. You can add more blocks by copying epsomite spectrally. reflectance spectra. These spectra can be used to better interpret being dehydrated by X-rays. and pasting the existing ones or by adding a Zoom in and out CRISM data. • Hexahydrite was also seen in the XRD may have been epsomite • EDS point analyses are consistent with bischofite and carnallite in text box from the HOME menu. As you work on your poster zoom in and out to the prior to dehydration by the x-rays. Picromerite, Bloedite, and A broad literature survey was conducted to find theoretical the samples. Other chlorides including halite (NaCl) were also level that is more comfortable to you. Go to VIEW > hydrous magnesium chloride were all consistent with EDS spot compositions based on a range of sources: modeling data, rover and observed, but no sulfates were observed in this preliminary scan. Text size ZOOM. analyses. lander data, and Earth analogues (Figure 1). Where appropriate, Adjust the size of your text based on how much content you have to these brines were modeled to higher concentration using the program TB2 present. The default template text offers a good starting point. Title, Authors, and Affiliations bischofite FREZCHEM [5] under Earth conditions. The compositions were mirabilite Follow the conference requirements. Start designing your poster by adding the title, the names of the modeled to dryness to predict mineralogy and physically created in carnallite authors, and the affiliated institutions. You can type or paste text the lab by addition of salts to deionized water. These brines were How to add Tables into the provided boxes. The template will automatically adjust the allowed to evaporate in the fume hood, and were then examined To add a table from scratch go to the INSERT menu and size of your text to fit the title box. You can manually override this using VNIR, XRD and SEM/EDS to determine mineralogy. click on TABLE. A drop-down box will help you select feature and change the size of your text. rows and columns. 100% 100% 90% You can also copy and a paste a table from Word or TIP: The font size of your title should be bigger than your name(s) 90% 80% 80% another PowerPoint document. A pasted table may need and institution name(s). 70% 70% CO3 Fe2+ 60% 60% F to be re-formatted by RIGHT-CLICK > FORMAT SHAPE, Mg 50% 50% HSO4 TEXT BOX, Margins. 40% Ca 40% HCO3 30% K 30% SO4 20% Na 20% Cl Graphs / Charts 10% 10% 0% 0% You can simply copy and paste charts and graphs from Excel or Word. Some reformatting may be required depending on how the Figure 3: Le is the VNIR spectra of TB2 with bischofite, mirabilite, and carnallite. Top right Adding Logos / Seals Figure 1: The composion of brines in this study by caon and anion Figure 2: Le is the stacked VNIR spectra of MKC with candidate minerals. Top right is original document has been created. is an SEM image of a magnesium/potassium chloride, and lower right is the EDS point an SEM image of mixed mineralogy, and lower right is the EDS point analysis of spot 1, a Most often, logos are added on each side of the title. You can insert analysis of spot 1, most likely bischofite with carnallite. likely picromerite crystal. a logo by dragging and dropping it from your desktop, copy and Red = found in XRD, blue found in VNIR, purple = found in both How to change the column configuration paste or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Logos taken from web sites Brines with unique Spectra Conclusions RIGHT-CLICK on the poster background and select LAYOUT to see are likely to be low quality when printed. Zoom it at 100% to see Spectral Group 3- Mg/Na, Cl/SO4 brines the column options available for this template. The poster columns • Several brines could not be grouped spectrally. These were: TB1 (a • A range of hydrous chloride, sulfate and carbonate mineral what the logo will look like on the final poster and make any • Group 3 consists of TPR [6] and CV3 [7] can also be customized on the Master. VIEW > MASTER. carbonate brine, [10]), TB5 (an iron brine [10]), and SDJ (a assemblages precipitated from solutions created from modeled necessary adjustments. • Modeling predicts (in descending order of abundance): halite calcium brine [11] recipe for Don Juan Pond, Antarctica). brine compositions that may be relevant to Mars. (NaCl), pentahydrite (MgSO ·5H O), bischofite (MgCl ·6H O), TIP: See if your school’s logo is available on our free poster 4 2 2 2 • TB1 contained trona (Na (CO )(HCO )·2H O) and picromerite in the • Hydrous magnesium sulfates and hydrous magnesium and calcium How to remove the info bars hexahydrite (MgSO ·6H O), espomite (MgSO ·7H O) 3 3 3 2 templates page. 4 2 4 2 VNIR spectrum, and halite (NaCl) in XRD. Trona dominated the chlorides are precipitated in these brines as modeled and are If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have finished your • Spectrum includes a shoulder at approximately 1.55 µm, explained spectrum. Sylvite, trona, kalicinite were predicted by the model. detected in the VNIR. These minerals are best recognized poster, save as PDF and the bars will not be included. You can also Photographs / Graphics by either pentahydrite/hexahydrite/epsomite or bischofite. among hydrous minerals by features in the 1.5-1.8 µm range. delete them by going to VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the • TB5 was modeled to precipitate epsomite, ferrous chloride Page-Setup to match the Page-Setup in PowerPoint before you You can add images by dragging and dropping from your desktop, Bischofite has other absorptions at ~1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.75, and 1.9 µm Halite is the most common precipitate in most brines but has no tetrahydrate, bischofite, melanterite, halite and matteuccite. create a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide Master. copy and paste, or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images seen in this group. diagnostic features the VNIR. None of these were identified through XRD; we suspect the proportionally by holding down the SHIFT key and dragging one of • Bischofite was identified in both samples using XRD, while spectrum is that of FeCl•4H O. EDS showed amorphous solids of • XRD recognized fewer minerals than were predicted from modeling 2 Save your work the corner handles. For a professional-looking poster, do not distort pentahydrite was observed in TPR and both hexahydrite and varied composition. and were detected using other methods. This could be due to: 1) your images by enlarging them disproportionally. epsomite were seen in CV3. several of the materials observed in SEM were amorphous in Save your template as a PowerPoint document. For printing, save as • Antarcticite (CaCl ·6H O) and halite were predicted in the model 2 2 nature. 2) The X-rays were altering (dehydrating) the minerals PowerPoint of “Print-quality” PDF. • SEM/EDS was run on TPR. Various interlocking crystals and for SDJ and antarcticite was the only mineral identified in XRD. over the course of a sample run. 3) Minerals, especially ferrous amorphous material composed of magnesium sulfate and Calcium chloride is so deliquescent that the sample was very wet, chlorides, whose XRD peaks were apparent are not published and Print your poster magnesium chloride was apparent. leading to a VNIR spectrum that matches with various hydrous so would not be identified. These issues may be relevant to the When you are ready to have your poster printed go online to minerals. detection of salts using XRD on the Mars surface. PosterPresentations.com and click on the “Order Your Poster” button. Choose the poster type the best suits your needs and submit Pentahydrite Bischofite Acknowledgements your order. If you submit a PowerPoint document you will be TPR ORIGINAL DISTORTED Funding was provided by the USRA Thomas R. McGetchin Memorial receiving a PDF proof for your approval prior to printing. If your Corner handles Scholarship Award, the CT Space Grant consortium, and E&ES order is placed and paid for before noon, Pacific, Monday through McKenna fellowship. Friday, your order will ship out that same day. Next day, Second day, References Third day, and Free Ground services are offered. Go to PosterPresentations.com for more information. Image Quality Check [1] Brass, G. W., Icarus 42, 20 –28 (1980). [2] Tosca, N. J., et al. JGR 116.E5

Zoom in and look at your images at 100% magnification. If they look (2013). [3] Osterloo, M. M. et al. Science 319.5870, 1651-1654 good they will print well. If they are blurry or pixelated, you will (2008). [4] Murchie, S.L., et al. JGR 114.E2 (2009). [5] Marion, G. M., need to replace it with an image that is at a high-resolution. and J. S. Kargel. Cold Aqueous Planetary Geochemistry with FREZCHEM Springer (2008). [6] Toner, J. D, et al, LPSC Abstracts, Vol. 44 (2013) [7] Clark, B. C., and D. C. Van Hart, Icarus 45.2, 370-378 (1981). [8] Catling, D. C., JGR: Planets, 104.E7, 16453-16469 (1999). [9] Crowley, J. K., JGR: Solid Earth, 96.B10, 16231-16240 (1991). [10] Tosca, N. J., et al., JGR: Planets. 116.E5 (2011). [11] Siegel, B. Z., et Student discounts are available on our Facebook page. al., Nature, 280, 828-829 (1979). [12] Kester, D. R., et al., Limnol. Oceanography, Go to PosterPresentations.com and click on the FB icon. 12.1, 176-179 (1967). Bad prinng quality Good prinng quality Figure 4: VNIR and EDS analyses of TPR. Le is the VNIR spectrum of TPR with candidate Figure 5: VNIR of miscellaneous samples and EDS analyses of TB5. Le is the stacked VNIR mineral spectra. Top right is an SEM image of a large magnesium sulfate crystal, and lower spectra of the miscellaneous samples. Top right is an SEM image of amorphous material © 2013 PosterPresentaons.com right is the EDS point analysis of spot 1. with mixed composion, and lower right is the EDS point analysis of spot 2. 2117 Fourth Street , Unit C Berkeley CA 94710 RESEARCH POSTER PRESENTATION DESIGN © 2012 [email protected] www.PosterPresentations.com