DOCSLIB.ORG

Background and Methods Spectral Group 3

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Background and Methods Spectral Group 3 (—THIS SIDEBAR DOES NOT PRINT—) QUICK START (cont.) DESIGN GUIDE Modeling and Analysis of Potenal Maran Chloride Brines How to change the template color theme This PowerPoint 2007 template produces a 44”x44” You can easily change the color theme of your poster by going to presentation poster. You can use it to create your research the DESIGN menu, click on COLORS, and choose the color theme of poster and save valuable time placing titles, subtitles, text, P. E. Marn, M. S. Gilmore, and J. P. Greenwood your choice. You can also create your own color theme. and graphics. We provide a series of online tutorials that will guide you Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT, [email protected] through the poster design process and answer your poster production questions. To view our template tutorials, go online to PosterPresentations.com and click on HELP DESK. Background and Methods Spectral Group 1- Na/Mg/K, Cl/SO4 Brines Spectral Group 2- Na/Mg/K, Cl/SO4/HCO3 When you are ready to print your poster, go online to Brines depress the freezing point and may allow liquid water to • Group 1 contains CMM [8], CAM [8], MKC [5], and CV1 [7]. Modeling • Group 2 is comprised of KS [12], MKS [5], TB2 [10], and CV1 [7]. exist at Mars temperatures [1]. Recent modeling efforts have made You can also manually change the color of your background by going PosterPresentations.com predicts: halite, thenardite (Na2SO4), hexahydrite, bloedite • Modeling predicts: halite, bischofite, carnallite (KMgCl ·6H O), 3 2 to VIEW > SLIDE MASTER. After you finish working on the master be attempts to understand the possible chemical nature of these brines (Na Mg(SO ) ·4H O), epsomite, picromerite (K Mg(SO ) ·6H O), 2 4 2 2 2 4 2 2 anhydrite, magnesite, kieserite, hexahydrite, hanksite, kainite, sure to go to VIEW > NORMAL to continue working on your poster. Need assistance? Call us at 1.510.649.3001 [e.g., 2]. The discovery of chloride [3] other evaporate deposits on gypsum (CaSO •2H O), aphthitalite (K,Na) Na(SO ) , loewite 4 2 3 4 2 sylvite, bloedite, epsomite, picromerite. the surface of Mars [e.g., 4] has led to investigation into whether the Na Mg (SO ) ·15H O, magnesite (MgCO ), sylvite (KCl). evaporites resulting from these brines could be detected spectrally. 12 7 4 13 2 3 • Most spectral features are explained by bischofite, the shape of the How to add Text • Spectral features are almost entirely explained by picromerite This study models various theoretical compositions of potential 1.75 µm feature implies the presence of mirabilite (NaSO4·10H2O) The template comes with a number of pre- (spectrum in [9]) and/or epsomite. Bloedite explains the 1.9 µm martian chloride brines, creates and evaporates them and or carnallite. formatted placeholders for headers and text QUICK START feature. CV1, with a lower K concentration, appears more like determines the mineralogy using XRD, SEM/EDS and VNIR • Thenardite present in the XRD may have been mirabilite before blocks. You can add more blocks by copying epsomite spectrally. reflectance spectra. These spectra can be used to better interpret being dehydrated by X-rays. and pasting the existing ones or by adding a Zoom in and out CRISM data. • Hexahydrite was also seen in the XRD may have been epsomite • EDS point analyses are consistent with bischofite and carnallite in text box from the HOME menu. As you work on your poster zoom in and out to the prior to dehydration by the x-rays. Picromerite, Bloedite, and A broad literature survey was conducted to find theoretical the samples. Other chlorides including halite (NaCl) were also level that is more comfortable to you. Go to VIEW > hydrous magnesium chloride were all consistent with EDS spot compositions based on a range of sources: modeling data, rover and observed, but no sulfates were observed in this preliminary scan. Text size ZOOM. analyses. lander data, and Earth analogues (Figure 1). Where appropriate, Adjust the size of your text based on how much content you have to these brines were modeled to higher concentration using the program TB2 present. The default template text offers a good starting point. Title, Authors, and Affiliations bischofite FREZCHEM [5] under Earth conditions. The compositions were mirabilite Follow the conference requirements. Start designing your poster by adding the title, the names of the modeled to dryness to predict mineralogy and physically created in carnallite authors, and the affiliated institutions. You can type or paste text the lab by addition of salts to deionized water. These brines were How to add Tables into the provided boxes. The template will automatically adjust the allowed to evaporate in the fume hood, and were then examined To add a table from scratch go to the INSERT menu and size of your text to fit the title box. You can manually override this using VNIR, XRD and SEM/EDS to determine mineralogy. click on TABLE. A drop-down box will help you select feature and change the size of your text. rows and columns. 100% 100% 90% You can also copy and a paste a table from Word or TIP: The font size of your title should be bigger than your name(s) 90% 80% 80% another PowerPoint document. A pasted table may need and institution name(s). 70% 70% CO3 Fe2+ 60% 60% F to be re-formatted by RIGHT-CLICK > FORMAT SHAPE, Mg 50% 50% HSO4 TEXT BOX, Margins. 40% Ca 40% HCO3 30% K 30% SO4 20% Na 20% Cl 10% 10% Graphs / Charts 0% 0% You can simply copy and paste charts and graphs from Excel or Word. Some reformatting may be required depending on how the Figure 3: Le is the VNIR spectra of TB2 with bischofite, mirabilite, and carnallite. Top right Adding Logos / Seals Figure 1: The composion of brines in this study by caon and anion Figure 2: Le is the stacked VNIR spectra of MKC with candidate minerals. Top right is original document has been created. is an SEM image of a magnesium/potassium chloride, and lower right is the EDS point an SEM image of mixed mineralogy, and lower right is the EDS point analysis of spot 1, a Most often, logos are added on each side of the title. You can insert analysis of spot 1, most likely bischofite with carnallite. likely picromerite crystal. a logo by dragging and dropping it from your desktop, copy and Red = found in XRD, blue found in VNIR, purple = found in both How to change the column configuration paste or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Logos taken from web sites Conclusions RIGHT-CLICK on the poster background and select LAYOUT to see are likely to be low quality when printed. Zoom it at 100% to see Spectral Group 3- Mg/Na, Cl/SO brines Brines with unique Spectra 4 • A range of hydrous chloride, sulfate and carbonate mineral the column options available for this template. The poster columns what the logo will look like on the final poster and make any • Several brines could not be grouped spectrally. These were: TB1 (a • Group 3 consists of TPR [6] and CV3 [7] assemblages precipitated from solutions created from modeled can also be customized on the Master. VIEW > MASTER. necessary adjustments. carbonate brine, [10]), TB5 (an iron brine [10]), and SDJ (a • Modeling predicts (in descending order of abundance): halite calcium brine [11] recipe for Don Juan Pond, Antarctica). brine compositions that may be relevant to Mars. (NaCl), pentahydrite (MgSO ·5H O), bischofite (MgCl ·6H O), TIP: See if your school’s logo is available on our free poster 4 2 2 2 • TB1 contained trona (Na (CO )(HCO )·2H O) and picromerite in the • Hydrous magnesium sulfates and hydrous magnesium and calcium How to remove the info bars hexahydrite (MgSO ·6H O), espomite (MgSO ·7H O) 3 3 3 2 templates page. 4 2 4 2 VNIR spectrum, and halite (NaCl) in XRD. Trona dominated the chlorides are precipitated in these brines as modeled and are If you are working in PowerPoint for Windows and have finished your • Spectrum includes a shoulder at approximately 1.55 µm, explained spectrum. Sylvite, trona, kalicinite were predicted by the model. detected in the VNIR. These minerals are best recognized poster, save as PDF and the bars will not be included. You can also Photographs / Graphics by either pentahydrite/hexahydrite/epsomite or bischofite. among hydrous minerals by features in the 1.5-1.8 µm range. delete them by going to VIEW > MASTER. On the Mac adjust the • TB5 was modeled to precipitate epsomite, ferrous chloride Page-Setup to match the Page-Setup in PowerPoint before you You can add images by dragging and dropping from your desktop, Bischofite has other absorptions at ~1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.75, and 1.9 µm Halite is the most common precipitate in most brines but has no tetrahydrate, bischofite, melanterite, halite and matteuccite. create a PDF. You can also delete them from the Slide Master. copy and paste, or by going to INSERT > PICTURES. Resize images seen in this group. diagnostic features the VNIR. None of these were identified through XRD; we suspect the proportionally by holding down the SHIFT key and dragging one of • Bischofite was identified in both samples using XRD, while spectrum is that of FeCl•4H O. EDS showed amorphous solids of • XRD recognized fewer minerals than were predicted from modeling 2 Save your work the corner handles. For a professional-looking poster, do not distort pentahydrite was observed in TPR and both hexahydrite and varied composition.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Picromerite K2mg(SO4)2 • 6H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
    Picromerite K2Mg(SO4)2 • 6H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Equant crystals, to 5 cm, showing {001}, {010}, {100}, {110}, {011}, {201}, {111}, several other forms; incrusting other salts; massive. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {201}, perfect (synthetic). Hardness = 2.5 D(meas.) = 2.028 (synthetic). D(calc.) = 2.031 Soluble in H2O, taste bitter. Optical Properties: Transparent. Color: Colorless or white; pale red, pale yellow, gray due to impurities; colorless in transmitted light. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (+). Orientation: Y = b; X ∧ a =–1◦. Dispersion: r> v,weak. α = 1.461 β = 1.463 γ = 1.476 2V(meas.) = 47◦540 Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/a (synthetic). a = 9.066 b = 12.254 c = 6.128 β = 104◦470 Z=2 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. 3.71 (100), 4.06 (95), 4.16 (85), 3.06 (70), 2.964 (60), 3.16 (40), 2.813 (40) Chemistry: (1) (2) SO3 39.74 39.76 MgO 10.40 10.01 K2O 23.28 23.39 Cl 0.28 H2O 26.87 26.84 −O=Cl2 [0.06] Total [100.51] 100.00 • (1) Leopoldshall, Germany. (2) K2Mg(SO4)2 6H2O. Mineral Group: Picromerite group. Occurrence: Principally occurs in oceanic bedded salt deposits; a volcanic sublimate in fumaroles; in a sulfate-rich hydrothermal ore deposit. Association: Halite, anhydrite, kainite, epsomite (oceanic salt deposits); hohmannite, metavoltine, metasideronatrite (Chuquicamata, Chile). Distribution: From Vesuvius, Campania, Italy. In Germany, in Saxony-Anhalt, from the Leopoldshall-Stassfurt district, and at Aschersleben; large crystals from the Ellers mine, Neuhof, near Fulda, Hessen; in the Adolfsgl¨uck mine, Schwarmstedt, Lower Saxony.
    [Show full text]
  • Mirabilite Na2so4 • 10H2O C 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, Version 1
    Mirabilite Na2SO4 • 10H2O c 2001-2005 Mineral Data Publishing, version 1 Crystal Data: Monoclinic. Point Group: 2/m. Crystals short to long prismatic, with complex form development, also crude, to 10 cm, in interlocking masses; crystalline, granular to compact massive, commonly as efflorescences. Twinning: Rare on {001} or {100}. Physical Properties: Cleavage: On {100}, perfect; on {010} and {001}, good to fair. Fracture: Conchoidal. Hardness = 1.5–2.5 D(meas.) = 1.464 D(calc.) = 1.467 Quickly dehydrates to th´enarditein dry air; very soluble in H2O, taste cool, then saline and bitter. Optical Properties: Transparent to opaque. Color: Colorless to white; colorless in transmitted light. Streak: White. Luster: Vitreous. Optical Class: Biaxial (–). Orientation: X = b; Z ∧ c =31◦. Dispersion: r< v,strong, crossed. α = 1.391–1.394 β = 1.394–1.396 γ = 1.396–1.398 2V(meas.) = 75◦560 Cell Data: Space Group: P 21/c (synthetic). a = 11.512(3) b = 10.370(3) c = 12.847(2) β = 107.789(10)◦ Z=4 X-ray Powder Pattern: Synthetic. (ICDD 11-647). 5.49 (100), 3.21 (75), 3.26 (60), 3.11 (60), 4.77 (45), 3.83 (40), 2.516 (35) Chemistry: (1) (2) SO3 25.16 24.85 Na2O 18.67 19.24 H2O 55.28 55.91 Total 99.11 100.00 • (1) Kirkby Thore, Westmoreland, England. (2) Na2SO4 10H2O. Occurrence: Typically in salt pans, playas, and saline lakes, where deposition may be seasonal, and bedded deposits formed therefrom; rarely in caves and lava tubes; in volcanic fumaroles; a product of hydrothermal sericitic alteration; a post-mining precipitate.
    [Show full text]
  • Salt Crystallization in Porous Construction Materials I Estimation of Crystallization Pressure
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by EPrints Complutense Salt crystallization in porous construction materials I Estimation of crystallization pressure A. La Iglesiaa,*, V. Gonzalezb, V. L6pez-Acevedoc, C. Viedmac , Inslituto de Geologia Economica del CSIC, Facultad de Ciencias Ge% gicas, UCM, E·280411 Madrid. Spain b Deparlamento de Quimica, ETSI, Agronomos, UPM, E·28IJ40 Madrid, Spain , Deparlamenlo de Cristalografia y Mineralogia, Facultad de Ciencias Ge% gicas, UCM. E·28040 Madrid, Spain Abstract The crystallization process of soluble salts inside the natural and artificial porous materials partially immersed in different saline solutions has been studied, This procedure is used to simulate the conditions of exposure to salt weathering in which foundations and lower walls of building structures are within the zone of capillary rise of saline ground water. Crystallization pressures that can develop in the samples, which are a function of the pore size and salt-solution interfacial tension, have been calculated and are compared with experimental values of the materials tensile strength. since both these parameters allow the prediction of porous materials behaviour against salt weathering. Keywords: Salt weathering; Porous media; Salt crystallization; Crystallization pressure 1. Introduction The problem of crystallization pressure of salt was first studied by Correns [6J, who presented The crystallization process of soluble salts in a workable equation based on the Riecke principle porous materials can generate pressures inside the from which the pressure generated P versus salt pores sufficient to exceed the elastic limit of the supersaturation may be calculated: material, causing its breakage.
    [Show full text]
  • The American Journal of Science
    THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOIENOE. EDITOR: EDWARD S. DANA. ASSOCIATE EDITORS PROFESSORS GEO. L. GOODALE, JOHN TROWBRIDGE, H. P. BOWDITCH AND W. G. FARLOW, OF CAMBRIDGE, PROFESSORS O. C. MAHSH, A. E. VERRILL AND H. S. WILLIAMS, OF NEW HAVEN, PROFESSOR GEORGE F. BARKER, OF PHILADELPHIA, PROFESSOR H. A. ROWLAND, OF BALTIMORE, MR. J. S. DILLER, OF W ASHl~GTON. FOURTH SERIES. VOL. II-[WHOLE NUMBER, CLI!.] Nos. 7-12. JULY TO DEOEMBER, 1896. WITH SIX PLATES. NEW HAVEN, CONNECTICUT. 1896'. J. B. Pratt-Northupite, PirBsonite, etc. 123 , ART. ~V.-On Northupite; Pirs8onite, a new mineral j (}OI!flussite and IIanksite from Borax Lake, San Bernar­ dino County, Californi(t j by J. H. PRATT. INTRODUCTION. THE minerals to be described in this paper are from the remarkable locality of Borax Lake, San Bernardino County, California. They were broug-ht to the author's notice, in the fall of 1895, by Mr. Warren M. Foote of Philadelphia, who sent one of them, the northupite, tog-ether with some of the associ­ ated minerals, to the mineralogical laboratory of the Sheffield Scientific School, for chemical investigation. About the same time Mr. C. H. Northup of San Jose, CaL, sent some minerals from the same region to Prof. S. L. Penfield. Among them, gaylussite, hanksite and a third mineral, which has proved to be a new species, were identified. These same minerals were also observed among the specimens sent by Mr. Foote. Mr. Northup, in his letter of transmittal, stated that he had care­ fully saved all of the crystals of the new mineral, having observed that they were different from gaylnssite in habit, and that he believed they would prove to be a new and interesting species.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineralogical Chemistry
    View Article Online / Journal Homepage / Table of Contents for this issue 282 ABSTRACTS OF CHEMICAL PAPERS. Downloaded on 22 February 2013 Published on 01 January 1900 http://pubs.rsc.org | doi:10.1039/CA9007805282 Mineralogical Chemistry. Roumanian Petroleuws. By A LFONS 0. SALIGNY(Chem. Centy., 1900, 60 ; from Bul. Bozcmccnie, 8, 351 --365).-In the original paper, the physical and chemical properties of 12 kinds of Roumanian MINERALOGICAL CHEMISTRY View Article Online283 petroleum are described and tabulated. The flash points of the various fractions are given, and their suitability for use as burning oils is also discussed. These petroleums contain very variable amounts of volatile oils, and ethylisobutane and isopropane were found in the fractions boiling below 70”. E. w. w. Melonite from South Australia. By ALFREDJ. HIGGIN(Trans. Roy. Xoc. South Austdia, 1899, 23, 21 1-212).-This mineral, pre- viously only known from California, has now been found with quartz and calcite at Worturpa, South Australia. The thin lamells have a brilliant metallic lustre; the cleavage planes are silver-white to reddish- brown. H- 1.5 ; sp. gr., 7.6. Analyses I and IT: agree with the formula Ni,Te, (compare this vol., ii, 22). Te. Xi. Au. Insol. Total. I. 74.49 22.99 0.329 2.091 99.90 11. 71.500 21.274 0.018 7*319 100.11 Traces of bismuth and lead are present. On dissolving the mineral in nitric acid, the gold is left as bright spangles. L. J. S. Titaniferous Magnetites. By JAMESF. KENP(School of Mines Quart., 1899, 20, 323-356 ; 21, 56-65).-Titaniferous magnetites, with the exception of the occnrrences in sands, are almost invariably found associated with rocks of the gabbro type, and have originated by a process of segregation from the magma, The mineral, as a rule, contains vanadium, cbromium, nickel and cobalt, which together may amount to several per cent.
    [Show full text]
  • Infrare D Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Minerals
    Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s THE NATURAL HISTORY MUSEUM Infrare d Transmission Spectra of Carbonate Mineral s G. C. Jones Department of Mineralogy The Natural History Museum London, UK and B. Jackson Department of Geology Royal Museum of Scotland Edinburgh, UK A collaborative project of The Natural History Museum and National Museums of Scotland E3 SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. Firs t editio n 1 993 © 1993 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1993 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993 Typese t at the Natura l Histor y Museu m ISBN 978-94-010-4940-5 ISBN 978-94-011-2120-0 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-2120-0 Apar t fro m any fair dealin g for the purpose s of researc h or privat e study , or criticis m or review , as permitte d unde r the UK Copyrigh t Design s and Patent s Act , 1988, thi s publicatio n may not be reproduced , stored , or transmitted , in any for m or by any means , withou t the prio r permissio n in writin g of the publishers , or in the case of reprographi c reproductio n onl y in accordanc e wit h the term s of the licence s issue d by the Copyrigh t Licensin g Agenc y in the UK, or in accordanc e wit h the term s of licence s issue d by the appropriat e Reproductio n Right s Organizatio n outsid e the UK. Enquirie s concernin g reproductio n outsid e the term s state d here shoul d be sent to the publisher s at the Londo n addres s printe d on thi s page.
    [Show full text]
  • 1469 Vol 43#5 Art 03.Indd
    1469 The Canadian Mineralogist Vol. 43, pp. 1469-1487 (2005) BORATE MINERALS OF THE PENOBSQUIS AND MILLSTREAM DEPOSITS, SOUTHERN NEW BRUNSWICK, CANADA JOEL D. GRICE§, ROBERT A. GAULT AND JERRY VAN VELTHUIZEN† Research Division, Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station D, Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6P4, Canada ABSTRACT The borate minerals found in two potash deposits, at Penobsquis and Millstream, Kings County, New Brunswick, are described in detail. These deposits are located in the Moncton Subbasin, which forms the eastern portion of the extensive Maritimes Basin. These marine evaporites consist of an early carbonate unit, followed by a sulfate, and fi nally, a salt unit. The borate assemblages occur in specifi c beds of halite and sylvite that were the last units to form in the evaporite sequence. Species identifi ed from drill-core sections include: boracite, brianroulstonite, chambersite, colemanite, congolite, danburite, hilgardite, howlite, hydroboracite, kurgantaite, penobsquisite, pringleite, ruitenbergite, strontioginorite, szaibélyite, trembathite, veatchite, volkovskite and walkerite. In addition, 41 non-borate species have been identifi ed, including magnesite, monohydrocalcite, sellaite, kieserite and fl uorite. The borate assemblages in the two deposits differ, and in each deposit, they vary stratigraphically. At Millstream, boracite is the most common borate in the sylvite + carnallite beds, with hilgardite in the lower halite strata. At Penobsquis, there is an upper unit of hilgardite + volkovskite + trembathite in halite and a lower unit of hydroboracite + volkov- skite + trembathite–congolite in halite–sylvite. At both deposits, values of the ratio of B isotopes [␦11B] range from 21.5 to 37.8‰ [21 analyses] and are consistent with a seawater source, without any need for a more exotic interpretation.
    [Show full text]
  • Cement Render and Mortar and Their Damages Due to Salt Crystallization in the Holy Trinity Church, Dominicans Monastery in Cracow, Poland
    minerals Article Cement Render and Mortar and Their Damages Due to Salt Crystallization in the Holy Trinity Church, Dominicans Monastery in Cracow, Poland Mariola Marszałek * , Krzysztof Dudek and Adam Gaweł Department of Mineralogy, Petrography and Geochemistry, AGH University of Science and Technology, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland; [email protected] (K.D.); [email protected] (A.G.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 22 June 2020; Accepted: 17 July 2020; Published: 20 July 2020 Abstract: The investigations focused on the façade of the 17th-century Myszkowskis chapel at the 13th-century Church of the Holy Trinity in Cracow, Poland. Most of the chapel’s façade is made of rusticated limestone blocks, but its lower part is covered with cement render, and the basement consists of irregular pieces of limestone and sandstone, bound and partly replaced with cement mortar. The façade exhibited clearly visible damages: gray soiling of the surface, cracks, scaling, and efflorescence. The study presents characteristics of the cement render and mortar used for stone repair and/or substitution, as well as efflorescence from the lower part of the Myszkowskis chapel façade. The materials were analyzed with optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman microspectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry (XRPD), and mercury intrusion porosimetry. The analyses demonstrated that the render covering some of the decayed limestone blocks was prepared using Portland cement (residual clinker grains represent alite and belite) as a binding agent, mixed with crushed stone as an aggregate. The cement mortar consisted of rounded quartz grains, rock fragments, and feldspars in very fine-grained masses of calcite and gypsum, also containing relics of cement clinker (alite, belite, ferrite, and aluminate).
    [Show full text]
  • United States Patent (11) 3,615,174
    United States Patent (11) 3,615,174 72 Inventor William J. Lewis 3,342,548 9/1967 Macey....... A. 2319 X South Ogden, Utah 3,432,031 3/1969 Ferris........................... 209/166 X 21 Appl. No. 740,886 FOREIGN PATENTS 22, Filed June 28, 1968 45 Patented Oct. 26, 1971 1,075,166 4f1954 France ......................... 209/66 (73) Assignee NL Industries, Inc. OTHER REFERENCES New York, N.Y. Chem. Abst., Vol. 53, 1959, 9587e I & EC, Vol. 56, 7, Jy '64, 61 & 62. Primary Examiner-Frank W. Lutter 54 PROCESSFOR THE SELECTIVE RECOVERY OF Assistant Examiner-Robert Halper POTASSUMAND MAGNESUMWALUES FROM Attorney-Ward, McElhannon, Brooks & Fitzpatrick AQUEOUSSALT SOLUTIONS CONTAINING THE SAME 11 Claims, 4 Drawing Figs. ABSTRACT: Kainite immersed in brine in equilibrium con 52) U.S. Cl........................................................ 23138, verted to carnalite by cooling to about 10 C. or under. Car 209/11, 209/166,23191, 22/121 nallite so obtained purified by cold flotation. Purified carnal (5) Int. Cl......................................................... B03b 1100, lite water leached to yield magnesium chloride brine and B03d 1102, C01f 5126 potassium chloride salt. Latter optionally converted to potas 50 Field of Search............................................ 209/166,3, sium sulfate by reaction with kainite, or by reacting the carnal 10, 11; 23.19, 38, 121 lite with kainite. Naturally occurring brine concentrated to precipitate principally sodium chloride, mother liquor warm 56 References Cited concentrated to precipitate kainite, cooled under mother UNITED STATES PATENTS liquor for conversion to carnallite. A crude kainite fraction 2,479,001 8/1949 Burke........................... 23.191 purified by warm flotation and a crude carnallite fraction pu 2,689,649 9, 1954 Atwood....
    [Show full text]
  • The Mineralogy of the British Permian Evaporites
    460 The mineralogy of the British Permian evaporites By F. H. STEWART Department of Geology, University of Edinburgh Summary. The occurrence of the minerals is reviewed. Consideration of their genesis leads to a tentative list of primary minerals, and of early diagenetie, later diagenetic and geothermal metamorphic, and late near-surface changes. N 1943 Professor Tilley recorded the occurrence of po]yhalite in the I rocks of the D'Arcy Exploration Company's E.2 borehole at Aislaby, near Whitby; this was the first published record of a potassium-bearing salt in British evaporites. The occurrence of rocks containing sylvine (Lees and Taitt, 1946) prompted further exploration by Imperial Chemical Industries and Fisons Ltd. after the war, and this showed the presence of large deposits of potassium ores in the Whitby region. There is now a considerable literature related to these, and it seems timely to give a short review of the mineralogy of the British Permian evaporites. The writer is most grateful to Fisons Ltd. who have kindly allowed him to use unpublished information from his study of their boreholes F.1 at Robin Hood's Bay, F.2 at Staintondale, F.3 at Little Beck, and F.4 at Hawsker, in the Whitby Scarborough district. The position of these and the other boreholes mentioned in this paper can be found in the map of Dunham (1960). Dist~'ibution of the minerals The evaporites occur in two principal areas east and west of the Pennine Hills. In the western area (the Vale of Eden, west Cumberland, and the Furness district of Lancashire), where four evaporite beds have been recognized (Hollingworth, 1942), the mineralogy is relatively simple; carbonates, anhydrite, and gypsum are the main constituents.
    [Show full text]
  • Commodities, Part 5 Strontium, Sodium Sulfate, Trona (Soda Ash), Talc, Lithium, Summary Comments Safety Reminders
    ME571/GEO571 Geology of Industrial Minerals Spring 2018 Commodities, Part 5 strontium, sodium sulfate, trona (soda ash), talc, lithium, summary comments Safety Reminders Commodity presentations—send me your powerpoints April 28 AIPG meeting and Field trip in afternoon (perlite mine or carbonatites) Research Projects presentation April 30 Finals, written Project due May 4 No class May 7 Strontium Strontium—introduction • Sr • 15th abundant element • does not occur naturally as an element, in compounds • No production in the United States since 1959 • celestite or celestine SrSO4 (same structure as barite) 56.4% Sr • strontianite SrCO3, 70.1% Sr Celesitite http://www.zeuter.com/~tburden Strontianite http://www.zeuter.com/~tburden Strontium and strontianite are named after Stronian, a village in Scotland near which the mineral was discovered in 1790 by Adair Crawford and William Cruickshank A critical mineral Strontium—uses • faceplate glass of color television picture tubes, 77% • ferrite ceramic magnets, 8% • pyrotechnics and signals, 9% – fireworks (red flame) – flares • other applications, 6% – refining zinc – optical materials Strontium—production USGS Mineral Yearbooks metric tons Strontium—geology • association with rocks deposited by the evaporation of sea water (evaporites) • igneous rocks • Brines • Barite and calcite must be removed— costly Sodium sulfate Sodium sulfate—introduction • disodium sulfate (Na2SO4), • inorganic chemical • Thenardite Na2SO4 • Hanksite Na22K(SO4)9(CO3)2Cl • Glauberite Na2Ca(SO4)2 Sodium sulfate—uses
    [Show full text]
  • OCCURRENCE of BROMINE in CARNALLITE and SYLVITE from UTAH and NEW MEXICO* Manrr Loursp Lrnosonc
    OCCURRENCE OF BROMINE IN CARNALLITE AND SYLVITE FROM UTAH AND NEW MEXICO* Manrr Loursp LrNosonc ABSTRACT Both carnallite and sylvite from Eddy County, New Mexico, contain 0.1 per cent of bromine. The bromine content of these minerals from Grand county, utah, is three times as great. No bromine was detected in halite, polyhalite, l5ngbeinite, or anhydrite from New Mexico. Iodine was not detected in any of these minerals. on the basis of the bromine content of the sylvite from New Mexico, it is calculated that 7,000 tons of bromine were present in potash salts mined from the permian basin during the period 1931 to 1945. INrnooucrroN The Geological Survey has previously made tests for bromine and iodine in core samples of potash salts from New Mexico.r Bromine was found to be present in very small amounts. No systematic quantitative determinations were made, nor was the presenceof bromine specificalry correlated with quantitative mineral composition. Sections of potash core from four recently drilled wells and selected pure saline minerals from Eddy County, New Mexico, together with two cores from Grand County, Utah, were therefore analyzed for their bromine and iodine content. The percentage mineral composition was then correlated with the bromine content. rt was found that bromine was restricted to carnall- ite and sylvite. fodine was not detected in any of the samples analyzed. If present, its quantity must be less than .00570. Brine and sea water are the present commercial sourcesof bromine in the United States, though both Germany and U.S.S.R. have utilized potash salts as a source of bromine.
    [Show full text]