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The Transmission of Cyril of Scythopolis' Lives in Greek and Oriental Hagiographical Collections

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The Transmission of Cyril of Scythopolis' Lives in Greek and Oriental Hagiographical Collections mc NO 13 2019 manuscript cultures Hamburg | Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures ISSN 1867–9617 PUBLISHING INFORMATION | MANUSCRIPT CULTURES Publishing Information Homiletic Collections in Greek and Oriental Manuscripts manuscript Edited by Jost Gippert and Caroline Macé Proceedings of the Conference ‘Hagiographico-Homiletic Collections in Greek, Latin and Oriental Manuscripts – Histories of Books and Text Transmission in a Comparative Perspective’ Centre for the Study of Manuscript Cultures, Universität Hamburg, 23–24 June 2017 cultures Layout Editors Astrid Kajsa Nylander Prof Dr Michael Friedrich Universität Hamburg Cover Asien-Afrika-Institut The front cover shows the three church fathers Cyril of Jerusalem, Nicholas of Myra Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1/ Flügel Ost and John Chrysostom in a 16th-century fresco of the Church of the Archangels in D-20146 Hamburg Matskhvarishi, Latali, Svanetia (photography by Jost Gippert). All three fathers bear Tel. No.: +49 (0)40 42838 7127 a board with text fragments from the Liturgy by John Chrysostom (CPG 4686) in Fax No.: +49 (0)40 42838 4899 Georgian; the text passage held by Cyril of Jerusalem is the beginning of the sentence [email protected] რამეთუ სახიერი და კაცთ-მოყუარე ღმერთი ხარ ‘For you are a benevolent and philanthropic God’, which also appears in lines 6–7 of Fig. 1 on p. 2 below (from an 11th- Prof Dr Jörg Quenzer century scroll of the Iviron Monastery on Mt Athos, ms. Ivir. georg. 89). Universität Hamburg Asien-Afrika-Institut Copy-editing Edmund-Siemers-Allee 1/ Flügel Ost Carl Carter, Amper Translation Service D-20146 Hamburg www.ampertrans.de Tel. No.: +49 40 42838 - 7203 Mitch Cohen, Berlin Fax No.: +49 40 42838 - 6200 [email protected] Print Editorial Office AZ Druck und Datentechnik GmbH, Kempten Dr Irina Wandrey Printed in Germany Universität Hamburg Sonderforschungsbereich 950 ‘Manuskriptkulturen in Asien, Afrika und Europa’ Warburgstraße 26 D-20354 Hamburg Tel. No.: +49 (0)40 42838 9420 Fax No.: +49 (0)40 42838 4899 [email protected] ISSN 1867–9617 © 2019 www.manuscript-cultures.uni-hamburg.de SFB 950 ‘Manuskriptkulturen in Asien, Afrika und Europa’ Universität Hamburg Warburgstraße 26 D-20354 Hamburg O manuscript cultures mc N 13 CONTENTS | MANUSCRIPT CULTURES 1 CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 2 | Homiletic Collections in Greek and Oriental Manuscripts – Histories of Books and Text Transmission from a Comparative Perspective by Jost Gippert and Caroline Macé ARTICLES 07 | The Earliest Greek Homiliaries by Sever J. Voicu 15 | Gregory of Nyssa’s Hagiographic Homilies: Authorial Tradition and Hagiographical-Homiletic Collections. A Comparison by Matthieu Cassin 29 | Unedited Sermons Transmitted under the Name of John Chrysostom in Syriac Panegyrical Homiliaries by Sergey Kim 47 | The Transmission of Cyril of Scythopolis’ Lives in Greek and Oriental Hagiographical Collections by André Binggeli 63 | A Few Remarks on Hagiographical-Homiletic Collections in Ethiopic Manuscripts by Alessandro Bausi 081 | Cod.Vind.georg. 4 – An Unusual Type of Mravaltavi by Jost Gippert 117 | The Armenian Homiliaries. An Attempt at an Historical Overview by Bernard Outtier 123 | Preliminary Remarks on Dionysius Areopagita in the Arabic Homiletic Tradition by Michael Muthreich 131 | Compilation and Transmission of the Hagiographical-Homiletic Collections in the Slavic Tradition of the Middle Ages by Christian Hannick 143 | Contributors 145 | Picture Credits 146 | Indices 146 | 1. Authors and Texts 157 | 2. Manuscripts and Other Written Artefacts 161 | Announcement O mc N 13 manuscript cultures BINGGELI | THE TRANSMISSION OF CYRIL OF SCYTHOPOLIS’ LIVES 47 Article The Transmission of Cyril of Scythopolis’ Lives in Greek and Oriental Hagiographical Collections André Binggeli | Paris – Aubervilliers The Lives of the Monks of Palestine was composed in the which would have comprised the minor Lives, although, second half of the sixth century by Cyril of Scythopolis and as we will see, the precise number and sequence of Lives appears to have been originally conceived by the author, a in this third logos is uncertain. For the needs of liturgy in monk himself at the Laura of Saint Sabbas in the Judean Byzantium, where most collections were organised in terms Desert, both as a hagiographical cycle meant to glorify the of the liturgical year, the original corpus was dismembered great figures of Palestinian monasticism who fought for the and from the ninth century onwards, the Lives were included Chalcedonian creed and as a chronicle relating the history of in the Byzantine menological collections at their liturgical foundations of monasteries around the Laura of Saint Sabbas. date, some of them directly, some of them indirectly through Cyril of Scythopolis’ hagiographical writing amounts metaphrastic rewritings. to no less than seven Lives of figures who distinguished Notwithstanding its qualities, Schwartz’s edition is by no themselves in establishing the monastic movement in the means the awaited editio maior of the Cyrillian cycle:3 he Judean Desert during the fifth and sixth centuries: Euthymius used a very limited selection of Greek manuscripts (mainly (BHG 647–648b), Sabbas (BHG 1608), John the Hesychast three); he barely looked at the Oriental versions, which are (BHG 897–898), Cyriacus of Souka (BHG 463), Theodosius contemporary with the oldest preserved Greek witnesses; the Cenobiarch (BHG 1777), Theognius, Bishop of Betylia and he ignored the metaphrastic rewritings. In themselves, (BHG 1787) and Abraamius, Bishop of Cratea (BHG 12). all of these are sufficient grounds to look back at the textual One last Life, viz. that of Gerasimus of the Jordan (BHG 693), transmission of the corpus. One more reason is that a great is sometimes associated with the Cyrillian cycle, but recent deal of new material has come to light since the publication scholarship considers it to be pseudepigraphic.1 of Schwartz’s edition that allows a new assessment of the It is the merit of Eduard Schwartz’s critical edition corpus of Cyrillian Lives. Most of this new material comes published in 1939 to have reconstructed the unity of Cyril’s from the New Finds made at the Monastery of Saint Catherine authorial project and edited the collection of Lives to form on Mt Sinai in 1975 and gives us access to some ancient a coherent work. In its present form, the collection of ninth- and tenth-century manuscripts that were produced in ‘Monastic histories’ (Μοναχικαὶ ἱστορίαι) consists of three Palestine in Greek and in Oriental languages, precisely in ‘discourses’, or logoi (λόγοι), as shown by Bernard Flusin:2 the same monastic environment where the original work was the two longer Lives dedicated to the major monastic figures, written and first circulated three centuries earlier. Euthymius and Sabbas, are the first and second logoi of The cycle of Lives composed by Cyril of Scythopolis thus the cycle, conceived as a kind of diptych and preceded by appears to be a prefect case study for the present topic. Are a dedicatory epistle to Abba George of Beella; the Life of there any means of evaluating the ways in which the cycle John the Hesychast appears to be the first of the third logos, was read and circulated in different kinds of collections be- fore it underwent the process of Byzantine standardisation? How exactly did the change from it being an authorial col- 1 See Flusin 1983, 35–40, with a discussion of former scholarship on the lection to a liturgical one occur? It is also the occasion to question of the authenticity of the Life of Gerasimus. study a particular category of collections, viz. the ‘Spezial­ 2 Flusin 1983, 34–35. The title Μοναχικαὶ ἱστορίαι, which was restored by Flusin, is derived from the title of the Life of Sabbas (Μοναχικὴ ἱστορία δευτέρα…, ‘Second Monastic History…’), which is found in two of the oldest Greek manuscripts, Vatican City, BAV, Ott. gr. 373 and Vat. gr. 1589. 3 See the book reviews by Dölger 1940; Thomsen 1940; Stein 1944. O mc N 13 manuscript cultures 48 BINGGELI | THE TRANSMISSION OF CYRIL OF SCYTHOPOLIS’ LIVES sammlungen’, in particular the collections of monastic Lives century (312 folios, 390 × 340 mm).7 The first part of the (‘Sammlungen von Mönchsleben’) that Albert Ehrhard manuscript contains a large collection of Lives, many of them discussed at the end of his monumental Überlieferung und concerning monastic figures and practically all of Syrian, Bestand der hagiographischen und homiletischen Literatur Palestinian or Egyptian origin; these include the block of three (1952) and which have little in common with homiletic lit- main Cyrillian Lives and the two minor Lives of Cyriacus erature proper.4 of Souka and of Theodosius the Cenobiarch. The collection also contains a short section of ascetic literature. The second 1. The Greek corpus in Southern Italy part of the manuscript contains a collection of homilies or For his edition, Schwartz used three main Greek manuscripts Margaritai by John Chrysostom; this section appears to be that all contain a similar corpus of Lives. The oldest of the a totally independent one that was originally copied from three, Vatican City, BAV, Ott. gr. 373, a ninth-century early another model. The manuscript was used for liturgical minuscule manuscript (241 folios, 245 × 175 mm), is a purposes in a second stage and liturgical dates were added in typical example of a monastic collection of hagiographical the upper margin at the beginning of most of the Lives. texts.5 In its present form, it begins in a mutilated form
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