DOCSLIB.ORG

Health and Diseases in the Correspondence of the Sapieha Family of Krasiczyn

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Health and Diseases in the Correspondence of the Sapieha Family of Krasiczyn ZESZYTY NAUKOWE TOWARZYSTWA DOKTORANTÓW UJ NAUKI SPOŁECZNE, NR 23 (4/2018), S. 65–81 E-ISSN 2082-9213 | P-ISSN 2299-2383 WWW.DOKTORANCI.UJ.EDU.PL/ZESZYTY/NAUKI-SPOLECZNE DOI: 10.26361/ZNTDSP.09.2018.23.04 DARIUSZ JANOTA PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY OF CRACOW FACULTY OF HUMANITIES INSTITUTE OF HISTORY AND ARCHIVAL STUDIES E-MAIL: [email protected] DATA ZGŁOSZENIA: 7.12.2017 DATA PRZYJĘCIA DO DRUKU: 8.05.2018 ______________________________________________________________________________________ Health and Diseases in the Correspondence of the Sapieha Family of Krasiczyn. A Study of Selected Cases STRESZCZENIE The purpose of the article is to present selected problems associated with health and disease which were discussed in the correspondence of the Sapieha family of Krasi- czyn. Only some problems were presented, such as those associated with the attitude toward doctors and their recommendations, as well as the attitude toward baths, blood-letting and vaccinations. The state of the health of children and the adult mem- bers of the family was partially discussed. An attempt was also made to reconstruct the patterns of behaviour which regulate the attitudes and decisions of the Polish aris- tocrats. SŁOWA KLUCZOWE health, disease, Sapieha, Polish aristocrats, 19th century Health is one of the most important human values. It played a fundamental role in the consciousness of people of various periods of history, an example of which is furnished inter alia by the results of research conducted by Bo- żena Popiołek. The latter demonstrate that in the pre-partitioned Rzecz- pospolita, health, and therefore the struggle against diseases, were one of 66 DARIUSZ JANOTA __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ the main manifestations of womanly care for the family.1 A similar thing was the case in the 19th century. Nevertheless, along with the development of medicine the approach toward diseases and their treatment was subject to certain transformations. Doubtlessly a considerable influence upon these transformations in the consciousness of Polish aristocrats was the cosmopol- itanism of these people.2 It was an extremely mobile group whose represen- tatives travelled a great deal. Owing to this, these people familiarized them- selves with various novelties, including medical ones, and were eager to bene- fit from them. The basic goal is to present selected problems associated with health and diseases which were mentioned in the correspondence of the Sapieha family of Krasiczyn. One presented some of the problems engaged in the letters, such as the attitude to the doctor and to his recommendations, as well as baths, blood-letting and vaccination. One discussed the state of the health of the adult members of the family and of the children on the basis of selected cases. The chronological scope of the period in question is deter- mined by the problems and cases discussed in the text. The choice of the themes determines the temporal framework to the present considerations – the latter involve the years 1850–1877. The source material on which my article is based is constituted by a selection of the correspondence of the particular members of the Sapieha family of Krasiczyn as well as the people who were closely related by blood and marriage with them. However, one should emphasise that the majority of the letters which were selected were written by women. I also decided to utilize the memoirs (those written for posterity) and the posthumous memoirs (i.e. the memoir by Paweł Sapieha, a brother of Cardinal Adam Stefan, written after the death of their oldest brother Władysław – the third owner of Krasiczyn). The correspondence of the Sapieha family abounds in pieces of information about the health and the diseases of the particular members of the family. Due to the limitations associated with the volume of this text, the present article will engage only certain problems associated with health and diseases. The Sapieha family was one of the most powerful families of magnates of Lithuanian origin, whose representatives made their name in history in various ways due to their political activity and patronage. The origins of the 1 B. Popiołek, Kobiecy świat w czasach Augusta II. Studia nad mentalnością kobiet z krę- gów szlacheckich, Kraków 2003, p. 151. 2 K. Karolczak, Czas pokoju i zawieruchy w życiu arystokraty, [in:] Lwów. Miasto, spo- łeczeństwo, kultura. Studia z dziejów miasta, t. 9: Życie codzienne miasta, red. K. Karol- czak, Ł. T. Sroka, Kraków 2014, p. 352. HEALTH AND DISEASES IN THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE SAPIEHA FAMILY... 67 __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ family date back to the 15th century, and it was also at that time that a divi- sion into two lines occurred. The older line used the names czerejska, sie- wierska and różańska – since Lew Sapieha, the grand chancellor of Lithua- nia, purchased an estate in Różana. The younger line was always referred to as kodeńska, from name of the seat of the family in Kodeń.3 The Sapieha family produced 27 voivodes, 11 castellans. As far as ministerial offices are concerned, there were four grand hetmans, two field hetmans of Lithuania, three grand chancellors, four deputy chancellors of the treasury, three court marshals, one grand undertreasurer and eight court undertreasurer.4 One should emphasize that among the aforementioned offices in many cases a person who advanced in his career initially was a vice-chancellor and then a chancellor, but he was classified as a representative of both of these of- fices. The Sapieha family of Krasiczyn is descended directly from the younger Kodeń line, whereas the name of the branch is derived from the new seat – Krasiczyn.5 The first owner of the estate was Leon Sapieha (1802–1878). He was the son of Anna Sapieżyna (Zamoyska)6 (1772–1859), a woman who was educated (according to the standards of the period),7 of considerable finan- cial capabilities,8 and of Aleksander Sapieha (1773–1812), a traveller and a geologist.9 The reason that Leon purchased a new seat and moved there was associated with his active participation in the November Uprising.10 After the failure of the uprising, he did not strive to achieve amnesty – con- trary to his mother’s wishes. Thus, the estate in the Russian partition was confiscated, and he himself was forced to seek a new home for himself and his family. He decided to settle in the Austrian partition – in Galicia.11 He secured a full-validity Galician passport for himself and his family.12 By means 3 T. Zielińska, Poczet polskich rodów arystokratycznych, Warszawa 1997, pp. 337–405. 4 E. Sapieha, Dom Sapieżyński, Warszawa 1995, p. 698. 5 Krasiczyn – a village, formerly a town in the Przemyśl powiat, located at the San River. 6 There are maiden names in all brackets within the text. 7 Since 1781 Stanisław Staszic was a teacher of Anna z Zamojskich and her siblings. 8 S. Wiech, Anna Jadwiga z Zamoyskich Sapieżyna – ostatnia dziedziczka dóbr szydło- wieckich, [in:] Zamek Szydłowiecki i jego właściciele: materiały sesji popularnonaukowej, red. J. Wijaczka, Szydłowiec 1996. 9 A. Sapieha, Podróże w krajach słowiańskich odbywane, Wrocław 2005; J. Skowronek, Z magnackiego gniazda do napoleońskiego wywiadu: Aleksander Sapieha, Warszawa 1992. 10 Leon Sapieha was decorated with the Golden Cross of the Virtuti Militari for his ser- vice. 11 L. Sapieha, Wspomnienia, Lwów 1914, p. 328. 12 Ibidem, p. 330. 68 DARIUSZ JANOTA __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ of the money that his mother managed to recover from the estate in the Russian partition, Leon began to make gradual purchases of land estates in the Przemyśl district, and in 1835 he purchased Krasiczyn.13 From that time on the castle14 that is located there became the main seat of the family, until the outbreak of the Second World War, when the Sapieha family had to leave Krasiczyn forever due to the approach of the Russian army.15 At the subse- quent stage of this life, Leon Sapieha was inter alia a marshal of the Galician sejm, he was a hereditary member in the Austrian House of Lords (German: Herrenhaus, Polish: Izba Panów), and he also initiated the construction of railways. He was also renowned for his engagement in organic work [Polish: praca organiczna].16 His wife was Jadwiga Sapieżyna (Zamoyska) (1806– 1890) – a cousin. Their son, Adam Stanisław (1828–1903) – the only repre- sentative of numerous children who lived until adulthood – was the second person to be the owner of Krasiczyn. During his lifetime he distinguished himself by engaging in social and political activities (he was, among other things, a member of the Sejm Krajowy).17 Adam Sapieha’s wife was Jadwiga Sapieżyna (Sanguszko) (1830–1918). Her correspondence abounds in con- tent and it provides a great deal of information about private life – including information associated with health and diseases. In the letters to her mother, Jadwiga Sapieżyna (Sanguszko) provided in- formation about her ailments, sometimes offering a more comprehensive description:
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Music Migration in the Early Modern Age
    Music Migration in the Early Modern Age Centres and Peripheries – People, Works, Styles, Paths of Dissemination and Influence Advisory Board Barbara Przybyszewska-Jarmińska, Alina Żórawska-Witkowska Published within the Project HERA (Humanities in the European Research Area) – JRP (Joint Research Programme) Music Migrations in the Early Modern Age: The Meeting of the European East, West, and South (MusMig) Music Migration in the Early Modern Age Centres and Peripheries – People, Works, Styles, Paths of Dissemination and Influence Jolanta Guzy-Pasiak, Aneta Markuszewska, Eds. Warsaw 2016 Liber Pro Arte English Language Editor Shane McMahon Cover and Layout Design Wojciech Markiewicz Typesetting Katarzyna Płońska Studio Perfectsoft ISBN 978-83-65631-06-0 Copyright by Liber Pro Arte Editor Liber Pro Arte ul. Długa 26/28 00-950 Warsaw CONTENTS Jolanta Guzy-Pasiak, Aneta Markuszewska Preface 7 Reinhard Strohm The Wanderings of Music through Space and Time 17 Alina Żórawska-Witkowska Eighteenth-Century Warsaw: Periphery, Keystone, (and) Centre of European Musical Culture 33 Harry White ‘Attending His Majesty’s State in Ireland’: English, German and Italian Musicians in Dublin, 1700–1762 53 Berthold Over Düsseldorf – Zweibrücken – Munich. Musicians’ Migrations in the Wittelsbach Dynasty 65 Gesa zur Nieden Music and the Establishment of French Huguenots in Northern Germany during the Eighteenth Century 87 Szymon Paczkowski Christoph August von Wackerbarth (1662–1734) and His ‘Cammer-Musique’ 109 Vjera Katalinić Giovanni Giornovichi / Ivan Jarnović in Stockholm: A Centre or a Periphery? 127 Katarina Trček Marušič Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century Migration Flows in the Territory of Today’s Slovenia 139 Maja Milošević From the Periphery to the Centre and Back: The Case of Giuseppe Raffaelli (1767–1843) from Hvar 151 Barbara Przybyszewska-Jarmińska Music Repertory in the Seventeenth-Century Commonwealth of Poland and Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phenomenon of Clientage and the Organisation of Diplomatic Activities in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania of the Second Half of the Sixteenth Century*1
    / T J R E M D S Marius Sirutavičius Vytautas Magnus University THE PHENOMENON OF CLIENTAGE AND THE ORGANISATION OF DIPLOMATIC ACTIVITIES IN THE GRAND DUCHY OF LITHUANIA OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY*1 Abstract Researchers of the sixteenth-century European diplomacy discuss diplomatic networks and daily life activities of ambassadors conditioned by the development of residential diplomacy. At the same time, historians of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth study diplomatic phenomena of a different kind since a resident mission system was not developed in Poland-Lithuania. The practice of temporary legations persisted and led to the development of distinctive features of envoys’ diplomatic activities during their missions. It also is possible to see different circumstances when looking into the question of the professionalization of Polish-Lithuanian diplomats and their personal qualities relevant to their diplomatic missions. The study of this problem reveals that, in the case of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a relatively strong patron-client relationship occurred as well as close links between the patronage system and organisation of diplomatic activities. Research into the practice of assigning envoys to diplomatic missions makes it possible to establish that almost all lower-rank envoys between the mid- and last decade of the sixteenth century were clients of the Radziwill family, dominating the political life of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at that time. One of the main tasks of the Radziwill clients nominated as diplomatic envoys was to supply information to their patrons. At the same time, we can also see an attempt to control diplomatic communications with foreign countries.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Karta Dawnej Polski and Hôtel Lambert's Concepts of The
    The failure of the November uprising in 1831 and the resultant Great Polish Emigration not only caused the massive exodus of elites from the Polish Kingdom to western Europe and, consequently, the organization of pro-independence activities from their exile, but also highly influenced the discourse about the geographical shape and political nature of the (desired) future Polish state. The majority of this discourse was represented by memo- randa and newspapers, yet there were also other relevant sources to promote the ideas of various factions. In my study I suggest that cartographical representations have also played an important role in both of the mentioned levels of discourse. This conclusion was made as a result of the analysis of Karta dawnej Polski, the only map of the former Polish- Lithuanian Commonwealth in its pre-1772 borders created by émigrés. This project was led by Wojciech Chrzanowski and was under the patronage of the aristocratic faction led by Prince Adam Jerzy Czartoryski (known as Hôtel Lambert). By applying the methodo- logical approach, which has been presented by John Brian Harley, and focusing on the historical and anthropological attributes of the map rather than solely on its empirical de- scription, I conclude with the suggestion that this map communicated various narratives at both levels of discourse. The most evident was its military narrative, which has promoted the idea of an armed uprising as the only possible way to restore an independent Polish state. The second concerned the ideas cultivated by the representatives of Hôtel Lambert regarding the shape and nature of a future state.
    [Show full text]
  • Marszałkowie Galicyjskiego Sejmu Krajowego. Portret Zbiorowy [W:] Lwów: Miasto, Społeczeństwo, Kultura. Studia Z Dziejów Lw
    Kazimierz KAROLCZAK (Kraków) Marszałkowie Galicyjskiego Sejmu Krajowego. Portret zbiorowy Marszałek zagaja Sejm Krajowy przez cesarza zwołany, przewodniczy na posiedzeniach zgromadzenia i kieruje rozprawami; on też zamyka sejm po ukończeniu czynności lub wskazówek najwyższego polecenia1. Zwyczaj wybierania marszałka w tradycji polskiej sięgał sejmików ziemskich wykształconych na przełomie X IV і X V w. z dawnych wieców rycerskich. Początko­ wo przewodził im najstarszy urzędem dygnitarz. W późniejszym okresie marszałka wybierano zaraz po zagajeniu sejmiku przez najwyższego urzędnika obecnego wśród zgromadzonych. Marszałek, zwany też dyrektorem izby poselskiej, był wybierany większością głosów obecnych posłów. Funkcja marszałka była prestiżowa, chociaż jego uprawnienia w stosunku do posłów dość ograniczone. Uprawnienia porządkowe dotyczyły przekazywania królowi żądań izby poselskiej, od spełniania których po­ słowie uzależniali dalsze funkcjonowanie sejmu. Istotnym zadaniem było natomiast kierowanie pracami nad redakcją uchwał sejmowych. Nieodłącznym atrybutem władzy marszałka była laska marszałkowska. W epoce przedrozbiorowej służyła również do utrzymania porządku w czasie obrad. Uderze­ niem, stukaniem, a często po prostu waleniem w podłogę marszałek starał się uspo­ koić zbyt burzliwie obradujących posłów, dlatego też do naszych czasów zachowało się niewiele lasek marszałkowskich. Najbardziej znaną jest laska marszałka Sejmu Czteroletniego Stanisława Małachowskiego, należąca obecnie do zbiorów Muzeum Czartoryskich w Krakowie. Urząd marszałka ukształtował się w pełni po wyłonieniu II izby polskiego sejmu, czyli izby poselskiej. Za początek przyjęto rok 1493, kiedy na wspólnych obradach spotkali się posłowie wybrani na sejmikach przedsejmowych. Zwyczajowo przyjęto, że marszałek miał kolejno wywodzić się z Wielkopolski, Małopolski i Litwy. Wy­ brany musiał być jednomyślnie, co wymagało wcześniejszych ustaleń. W 1768 r. postanowiono, że w razie niewybrania marszałka w ciągu trzech dni „można to prze­ prowadzić większością głosów”2.
    [Show full text]
  • D I a R Y 1830 – 1839
    BOGDAN JANSKI D I A R Y 1830 – 1839 FOTO La scritta sotto la foto Servant of God, BOGDAN THEODORE JANSKI Founder of the Congregation of the Resurrection DNJC Apostle to the Polish Immigrants in France Died in Rome, July 2, 1840 Age 33 years B O G D A N J A N S K I D I A R Y 1830 – 1839 with footnotes Edited and arranged by ANDRZEJ JASTRZĘBSKI English translation by Fr. FRANCIS GRZECHOWIAK, C.R. ROME 2000 PRINTED WITH THE PERMISSION: Of the Superior General FR. SUTHERLAND MACDONALD, C.R. Rome, June 6, 2003. _____ * _____ All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording ta- ping, or any retrieval system, without the written permission of a member of the General Curia of the Congregation of the Resurrection, Via San Sebastia- nello 11, 00187 Roma, Italia. © Copyright 2003 by the Congregation of the Resurrection DNJC, Rome English translation by Fr. FRANCIS GRZECHOWIAK, C.R. The text was prepared for printing by Ms. LILIANA DRÓŻDŻ C O N T E N T S FORWARD (Fr. Sutherland MacDonald, C.R.)…………………………………………………………XI ABOUT BOGDAN JAŃSKI - THE SKETCH OF A PORTRAIT (Andrzej Jastrzębski).....................................................................................................……XIV CONCERNING BOGDAN JAŃSKI'S DIARY - EDITORIAL NOTE (Andrzej Jastrzębski) ..................................……………………………………………XXXI BOGDAN JAŃSKI, JOURNEY DIARY NOTES YEAR 1828..................................……………1 PRIVATE DIARY FOR THE YEAR 1828………………………………………….…………….13 D I A R Y 1830-1839 DIARY FOR THE YEAR 1830…………………………………………………………………….21 APPENDIX: I. FOR CLARIFICATION…………………………………………………………………..65 II. ORGANIZATION OF MY FUTURE LIFE…………………………………………….66 NOTE CONCERNING THE LIFE OF C.H.
    [Show full text]
  • Adolf Juzwenko Ossolineum. 200 Years with the People in Search of Their Way to Independence in the 1790S, Count Józef Maksymili
    Adolf Juzwenko Ossolineum. 200 years with the people in search of their way to independence In the 1790s, count Józef Maksymilian Ossoli ński was in Vienna, seeking support for patriotic initiatives intended at preventing the collapse of the Polish state. Because it turned out to be impossible to prevent, Ossoli ński decided he should engage himself in the protection of national identity, historical memory and the will of the people to remain themselves. The family establishment of the Ossolineum Library, presented by the count to the emperor of Austria on 18 October 1816, was approved on 4 June 1817. It was indeed a success – after nearly twenty years of attempts, taken during various conflicts tearing Europe, Ossoli ński managed to give his compatriots an institution which proved to be increasingly successful in supporting Polish resistance against forced Russification and Germanisation. At the turn of the 20 th century, the arrangement of political powers in Europe had changed radically. When the Institute celebrated its 100 th anniversary in 1917, Europe had been at war for three years. The conflict continued between powers divided into two camps – Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. On the Eastern front, Germany and Austria-Hungary struggled against Russia, on the Western one – France and Great Britain fought against Germany. All parties were exhausted by the conflict, the armies – demoralised by Bolshevik propaganda. Eventually, United States' involvement determined the fate of the war. The chances for deep political changes in Europe grew. Nations of Europe, previously deprived of sovereignty, had begun to reach for independence. When the war ended, on 11 November 1918, Poles had begun to build their own state.
    [Show full text]
  • Leon Sapieha – a Prince and a Railroad Entepreneur
    Leon Sapieha – a Prince and a Railroad Entepreneur Ihor Zhaloba (University Library, Czernowitz, Ukraine) Big landowners, representatives of the upper circles of nobility were among those who were dealing with the problems of the economy development on the territory of Eastern Europe. It was characteristic for Hungarian, Polish, Moldovo- Valasian nobility etc. It was this progressively oriented part of nobility that initiated a number of industrial and agricultural innovations. For such activities they had necessary money and possibilities, which was of great importance under the conditions of the agrarian state of these lands’ economy, absence of the developed crediting and banking systems, corresponding concentration of the capital. The motifs which urged, for example Galician nobility, majority of which was Polish big landowners, to deal with entrepreneurship were of different origin, but they had never been just mercenary. Their outlook was influenced not only by the Enlightment ideas, which were still alive in their society, but also the fact that they were direct descendants of the generation which had lost Polish statehood. The idea of resurrection of their statehood constantly existed in their minds. The ways which were being chosen to achieve this goal were different. Some of them chose the way of open political fight; others considered this way premature and were waiting for the proper moment. This waiting was not, however, passive; it was particularly displayed in the active entrepreneurship. Prince Sapieha, who was from the ancient Lithuanian family, belonged to such princes-entrepreneurs. Lev (Leo, Leon) Sapieha was born in September 18th 1802 in Warsaw as a son of the Prince Alexander Sapieha and his wife, whose maiden name was the Countess Anna Zamoyska.
    [Show full text]
  • Austro-Hungarian Air Aces 1914-1918
    AAuussttrroo--HHuunnggaarriiaann AAiirr AAcceess 11991144--11991188 K. u. k. Luftfahrtruppen K.u.k. Seeflugwesen Jan J. Šafařík http://aces.safarikovi.org/ http://aces.safarikovi.eu/ © 2005–2018 Jan Josef Šafařík Thu Dec 20 08:20:50 CET 2018 Austro-Hungarian Empire Victories Name Confirmed Unconf. Nationality Position Units Brumowski, Godwin 39 2 BO, P Flik 1, 12, 41J (Co) Arigi, Julius 32 Deutschböhme P Flik 6, FLG 1, Flik 41J, 55J, 1J Linke-Crawford, Frank 30 2 P Flik 41J, 60J Fiala Rittre von Fernbrugg, Benno 28 4 BO, P Flik 1, 19, 41J, 12G, 56J, 51J (Co) Gräser, Franz 20 BO, P Flik 2, 32, 42J, 61J Kiss de Ittebe et Elemer, Josef 19 1 Ungar / Slovák P Flik 24, 16, 55J Fejes, Istvan (Stefan) 16 5 Ungar P Flik 19, 51J Bönsch, Eugen 16 2 Sudetendeutscher P Flik 51J Strohschneider, Ernst 15 1 Sudetendeutscher BO, P Flik 23, FLG 1, Flik 42J, 61J (Co) Stojsavljević, Raoul 13 Kroate P Flik 34, 16 (Co) Banfield, Gottfried Freiherr von 12 8 Österreicher P k.u.k. Seeflugwesen - Seeflugstation Pola & Trieste Heyrowsky, Adolf 12 1 P Flik 2, 9, 12, 19 (Co) Rudorfer, Franz 12 1 BO, P Flik 19D, 51J (Co) Gruber, Kurt 11 3 Österreicher P Flik 1, 41J, 60J Navratil, Friedrich Miroslav 10 Kroate P Flik 13, 11, 41J, 3J (Co) Jindra, Otto 9 Čech BO, P Flik 1 (Co), Flek 11, Fliegergrupe G Kenzian Elder von Kenzianshauser, Georg 9 Österreicher BO, P Flik 24, 55J, 68J (Co), 42J (Co) Kaszala, Karoly (Karl) 8 Ungar P Flik 1, 41J Kostrba, Jindřich (Heinrich) 8 Čech P Flik 8, 4, 23 Tahy Sandor, Alexander von 8 Ungar BO, P Flik 19, 51J Udvardy, Nándor (Ferdinand)
    [Show full text]
  • Jacek Szpak Myśl Społeczno-Polityczna I Gospodarcza Księcia Leona Sapiehy (1803–1878)
    Jacek Szpak Myśl społeczno-polityczna i gospodarcza księcia Leona Sapiehy (1803–1878) Historia Slavorum Occidentis 1(6), 92-118 2014 JACEK SZPAK (KATOWICE) MMYYŚL SSPOPOŁEECZNO-POLITYCZNACZNO-POLITYCZNA I GGOSPODARCZAOSPODARCZA KKSISIĘCCIAIA LEONALEONA SAPIEHYSAPIEHY ((1803–1878)1803–1878) 11.. WWststęp Książę Leon Sapieha był jednym z najwybitniejszych polskich polityków i działaczy społeczno-gospodarczych doby niewoli narodowej. Swoją dzia- łalnością wywarł duży wpływ na kształtowanie się autonomii galicyjskiej. W latach 1836–1875 większość decyzji politycznych i ekonomicznych w Ga- licji Wschodniej była podjęta z udziałem Sapiehy1. Stąd jego poglądy i po- stawy były bardzo istotne dla kształtowania się opinii społeczeństwa gali- cyjskiego i wizji współczesnego mu świata. Ze zdaniem Sapiehy liczyli się ówcześni przywódcy polityczni w Galicji, a nawet w monarchii Habsburgów. Stąd też ważne były przekonania i idee, jakimi kierował się książę w swojej działalności. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie myśli społecz- nej, politycznej i ekonomicznej Leona Sapiehy na tle przekonań innych kon- serwatystów w Galicji. Książę w swojej korespondencji często dawał wyraz swoim poglądom i ideom, którymi się kierował. Podstawą źródłową artyku- łu są materiały przechowywane w Bibliotece Książąt Czartoryskich w Kra- kowie. Są to listy rodzinne Sapiehów. Materiały te są tym bardziej cenne, że książę, pisząc do najbliższych sobie osób, nie musiał stosować autocenzury. Tekst podzielono na dwie części. W pierwszej zarysowano działalność Leona 1 S. Kieniewicz, Sapieha Leon (1803–1878), [w:] Polski słownik biografi czny, t. 35, z. 1, War- szawa–Kraków 1994, s. 76–81. MYŚL SPOŁECZNO-POLITYCZNA I GOSPODARCZA KSIĘCIA LEONA SAPIEHY... 93 Sapiehy. W części drugiej przedstawiono jego poglądy na sytuację społeczno- -polityczną i gospodarczą ziem polskich.
    [Show full text]
  • Downloaded from Brill.Com09/29/2021 02:58:51PM Via Free Access 164 ANNOTATIONS
    LITHUANIAN HISTORICAL STUDIES 6 2001 ISSN 1392-2343 pp. 162–181 Lietuvos Metrika. Knyga Nr. 51 (1566–1574) / Užrašymų knyga Nr. 51 [The Lithuanian Metrica. Book no. 51 (1566–1574) / Book of Inscriptions no. 51] Ed. A. Baliulis, R. Ragauskienė, A. Ragauskas. Vilnius: Lietuvos istorijos institutas, 2000. Pp. 485. ISBN 9986-34- XXX-X. Book no 51 of the Lithuanian Metrica is a typical book of inscriptions, revealing the everyday life of the nobility, gentry and burghers of the GDL, the activity of the central administration of the state on the eve of the Union of Lublin (1569) and several years after it. The Book is not original, it is a copy, made on the orders of Chancellor Leon Sapieha in 1597. The overwhelming majority of the inscriptions (about three fourths of the total number of 242) are the donations and privileges of Sigismund Augustus and Henri Valois granting the gentry land, estates or serfs, donations of urban possessions and other privileges. Some inscriptions relate to tax exemptions for individual boyars and even townsmen. There are five charters for inns or mills, seven for markets and fairs; there are also charters providing for autonomy and self-government according to Magdeburg Law. All these documents are particularly valuable for the study of the development of economy of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Nevertheless, documents reflecting the state reforms of the GDL are more interesting. The Book covers a period of eight years in which several significant reforms were carried out: the Second Lithuanian Statute was adopted (1566), administrative, military and judicial reforms were imple- mented, the Union of Lublin was concluded, producing the federal state of Poland-Lithuania.
    [Show full text]
  • Habsburg Lemberg Central European Studies Charles W
    Habsburg Lemberg Central European Studies Charles W. Ingrao, senior editor Gary B. Cohen, editor Habsburg Lemberg Architecture, Public Space, and Politics in the Galician Capital, 1772-1914 Markian Prokopovych Purdue University Press West Lafayette, Indiana Copyright 2009 by Purdue University. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Prokopovych, Markian, 1972- Habsburg Lemberg : architecture, public space, and politics in the Galician capital,1772-1914 / by Markian Prokopovych. p. cm. -- (Central European studies) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-55753-510-8 1. Nationalism and architecture--Ukraine--L’viv. 2. Architecture--Political aspects--Ukraine--L’viv. 3. Architecture and society--Ukraine--L’viv. 4. City planning--Ukraine--L’viv. 5. L’viv (Ukraine)--Buildings, structures, etc. I. Title. NA1455.U472L897 2008 701’.03094779--dc22 2008012779 To the memory of Volodymyr Vujcyk Contents Acknowledgments xiii Foreword xv Introduction: The Other Lemberg 1 Chapter One: Architecture, Public Space, and Politics Revisited 19 Vormärz to Fin de Siècle: Disorder, Cultural Politics, Beautification 21 Vormärz: Verschönerungsplan and Its Restrictions Neoabsolutism: Disorder and Representation Fin de Siècle: Upiększenie , Renaming, and Memorializing Imperial Loyalty and Nationalism: Convergence versus Divergence 37 Vormärz: Taming Polish Nationalism? Neoabsolutism to Autonomy: Parteien into Nations and the Survival of Habsburg Loyalty Public Space, Nationalism, Construction
    [Show full text]
  • Railway and Urban Development in Central Europe the Case of Lemberg Nadja Weck Phd Program “Austrian Galicia” (2010-2013)
    Railway and Urban Development in Central Europe The Case of Lemberg Nadja Weck PhD Program “Austrian Galicia” (2010-2013) Short description of the PhD project n recent years, interest in the development of space has intensified among Ihistorians. At the same time, active configuration and the social production of space have become the focus of attention. My PhD project describes one such historical process of developing and changing space. The central question of my thesis revolves around the impact of the establishment of the railway on the spa- tial and urban development of Lemberg in the second half of the 19th century. Therefore, I describe on the one hand how Lemberg’s significance gradually chan- ged within the region while developing to a junction in railway traffic. On the Jan Matejko: Invention of the Railway Leon Sapieha, Galician Rail- other hand, I focus on the development of the urban territory during the same 1888 - 1892 way Entrepreneur time period. Three individual parts deal with the question to what extent the rail- way influenced the development of Lemberg from different angles. Structure of the Thesis he first chapter titled “Position in space: the development of TLemberg to a junction in railway traffic” focuses on how the significance of Galicia’s capital grew because of its development to an important junction in railway traffic. After the first part deals with the growing importance of Lemberg concerning its regional and trans-regional significance, the second chapter focuses on the urban morphological changes of Lemberg caused by the laying of tracks and the construction of railway stations within the city’s ter- ritory.
    [Show full text]