Book Reviews

The Witness of the Student Christian Movement: Church Ahead of the Church.

By Robin Boyd. London: SPCK, 2007. Pp. xii, 212. Paperback £14.99.

It has been almost a decade since Risto M. M. Thomas, Lesslie Newbigin, and, of Evangelical Students (IFES), founded Lehtonen published Story of a Storm: The particularly for their biblical emphases, in 1947. There is an unfortunate personal Ecumenical Movement in the Turmoil of Suzanne de Diétrich and Hans Ruedi reference to one of its leaders (p. 41), and a Revolution (Eerdmans, 1998). Now Robin Weber. But there are also individuals caricature of evangelicals (p. 172) as being Boyd, whose career with the Student who bear responsibility for the collapse slow to accept women as equal partners Christian Movement (SCM) goes back of SCM during “the storm,” especially in ministry. Actually, IFES was a pioneer to 1951 (part of the “golden years” of Ambrose Reeves, general secretary from among evangelicals in placing women in SCM), when he was appointed secretary 1962 to 1965. That was the point when, significant leadership roles. Boyd deplores of its theological college department, has Boyd asserts, SCM sowed the seeds evangelical separatism but, in providing a provided us with his own analysis of the of its own destruction by becoming a hitherto unchronicled story of the defection rise, fall, and (possibly) rebirth of that single-issue society (political and social of the Edinburgh Christian Union in 1952–54 ecumenical student ministry. His own roots justice) and establishing a policy of open (pp. 86–89), shows how necessary it was for in the progress of global Christianity go membership. In chapter 9 he analyzes the the IFES’s own integrity. Hopefully, as the back to 1899, when his father, then a student question, “Why did the SCM collapse in celebration of the centennial of Edinburgh at Queen’s Belfast, signed onto the Student ‘the Storm’?” He sees the failure of the 1910 approaches, there will be many other Volunteer Movement as a missionary movement as being due to detachment similarly helpful retrospectives. recruit, serving in India and then as home from the wider Christian community, an —A. Donald MacLeod convener of the foreign missions of the interesting development for “the church Irish Presbyterian Church. ahead of the church.” A. Donald MacLeod, Research Professor of Church The story Boyd tells is thus a personal Throughout the book Boyd is aware History at Tyndale Theological Seminary, Toronto, is one at the end of a long life of service that evangelical student ministry has the author of C. Stacey Woods and the Evangelical in India, Australia, and Ireland. There experienced explosive growth with the Rediscovery of the University (InterVarsity are heroes in this book, among them expansion of the International Fellowship Press, 2007).

The Copts and the West, 1439–1822: highlighting major developments in the The European Discovery of the interaction between the Copts and the Egyptian Church. West during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, including the appearance of By Alastair Hamilton. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Coptic Protestant communities. Press, 2006. Pp. xvi, 344. £85. —Stephen J. Davis

Alastair Hamilton’s book The Copts and Florence in 1439 and ending with the Stephen J. Davis, Associate Professor of Religious the West, 1439–1822 is a masterful and establishment of the Coptic Catholic Studies at Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, highly engaging history of the relationship Church in the eighteenth century. Part specializes in the history of Christianity in late between missions and scholarship in the 3 covers this same period, but with a antiquity. early modern period. Based on extensive different goal in mind—to trace the role research into manuscript collections and of Western European missionaries and early printed volumes, and grounded in scholars (both Catholic and Protestant) linguistic expertise that includes Coptic, in the acquisition of knowledge about the Arabic, Greek, Latin, and a wide range of Copts. For those interested in a fascinating European languages, Hamilton’s work account of how various mission objectives, Religion in Latin America: should become a standard reference in theological disagreements, linguistic A Documentary History. the field. factors, institutional politics, cultural Divided into four parts, the book prejudices, and personal idiosyncrasies Edited by Lee M. Penyak and Walter J. Petry. begins with a survey of Egyptian church contributed to missteps and advances Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books, 2006. Pp xxiv, history from late antiquity to the Islamic in intercultural encounter, parts 2 and 3 423. Paperback $40. period, ending with a discussion of Coptic are highly recommended reading. Part education, belief, and customs under 4, an often quite technical treatment of The authors have compiled a wide- Ottoman rule. Parts 2, 3, and 4 are more Western progress in the study of the Coptic ranging array of views of religion in Latin substantive and represent the author’s language, will be of greater interest to America. The result is one of the first an- main body of original research. linguists, manuscript experts, and biblical thologies to offer a long overdue perspec- Part 2 focuses primarily on the scholars. For students of mission, however, tive on the diversity of religions, not all history of Roman Catholic missions in Hamilton’s epilogue helpfully brings his of them Christian. This marks a major Egypt, beginning with the Council of historical account into the modern period, advance from focusing on the region as

July 2007 153 STUDY WITH Catholic, with some Protestant groups standing how the Catholic Church came present, or as a great Pentecostal challenge to be what it is today. The documents of to Catholicism. the Medellín (1968) and Puebla (1979) THE BEST! The main strength of the book is that General Conferences of the Latin American it conveys a sense of religion as a lived Bishops Conference (CELAM) are water- experience. This is especially evident shed events, but their conclusions find no in the colonial and national periods, place in the volume, despite their influence SENIOR MISSION SCHOLARS which are crucial for understanding the on other regions. The statements by Central central place of religion. The selection of American bishops (1984) about no outside Senior Mission Scholars in documents is much less satisfactory for the intervention in the region and the letter Residence at OMSC provide contemporary period (say, from 1950) and from Pope John Paul to the Brazilian leadership in the study program gives little sense of the current vitality of bishops (1986) about liberation theology and are available to residents the Catholic Church or of the diversity of are among missing documents. In a word, for counsel regarding their own its Pentecostal challengers, which in- documents from bishops are still impor- mission research interests. cludes Bishop Edir Machedo’s Universal tant influences for many Catholics and Church of the Reign of God, now present need to be remembered. also in the United States. —Edward L. Cleary, O.P. Fall 2007 This volume suffers from the omission of some essentials. A book purporting to Edward L. Cleary, O.P., is Professor of Political DR. KIRKLEY SANDS be a documentary history ought to include Science and Director of Latin American Studies at An Anglican pastor and educator documents that are fundamental for under- Providence College, Providence, Rhode Island. for more than thirty-five years, Kirkley Sands is a priest and canon in the Diocese of the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands. Since ordination in Globalizing Theology: Belief 1968 he has and Practice in an Era of World ministered both Christianity. in the Bahamas and in London Edited by Craig Ott and Harold A. Netland. and Edinburgh. Grand Rapids: Baker Academic, 2006. Pp. 384. H e i s c h a i r Paperback $27.99. of the School of Social Sciences and assistant This edited volume is a Festschrift for American theology. Craig Ott’s conclusion professor in the Department of evangelical missiologist Paul G. Hiebert urges a global dialogue of local theologies Religion and Theology at the and follows up the important addition he as the way forward for evangelical College of the Bahamas. made to the three “selfs” of mission theory. theology—although the limitation of Hiebert argued that new churches should this dialogue to evangelical Christians be not only self-governing, self-supporting, seems rather unnecessary after such DR. FRANK NOLAN, M.AFR. and self-propagating but also self- stimulating articles that interact widely, Frank Nolan, M.Afr., ordained in theologizing. But what are the implications and after Charles Van Engen’s reminder May 1958 as a Catholic priest by for Christian belief and practice if each that catholicity is an essential part of the the Society of the White Fathers, church does theology locally? And how church’s nature. moved to Rome in 2006 to work in does the localization of theology play —Kirsteen Kim the society’s archives of ce. He was alongside the forces of globalization and a missionary teacher with the White in an era of world Christianity? These Kirsteen Kim, Honorary Lecturer (Theology), Fathers, also are the issues addressed in this forward- University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, known as the looking book. has served in mission and theological education in Missionaries In the introduction, Harold Netland South Korea (1987–92) and India (1993–97). of Africa, at calls evangelicals to rethink the definition St. Columba’s and method of theology in the light of C o l l e g e i n global or world Christianity. There follow thirteen contributions to the debate from S c o t l a n d colleagues of Hiebert and one from Hiebert (1962–66); in himself. The chapters are of varying style, The Mission of God: Unlocking Tanzania at Itaga Seminary, Tabora, but most are of high quality. Highlights the Bible’s Grand Narrative. (1966–71); and in Urambo Parish for this reviewer include Tite Tiénou’s (1977–89). plea that Christian theology should By Christopher J. H. Wright. Downers Grove, recognize the fact that the Christian faith Ill.: InterVarsity Press, 2006. Pp. 582. $38. Spring 2008 is not only the faith of white Western people, Andrew Walls’s discussion of When editor Jonathan Bonk invited me to Dr. Caleb O. Oladipo the need to write Christian history from review this book, he added, correctly, that Dr. Angelyn Dries, O.S.F. global and cross-cultural perspectives, “nothing comparable . . . has ever been Kevin Vanhoozer’s argument that doing written.” While there certainly are books OVERSEAS MINISTRIES STUDY CENTER Christian theology is a “world endeavour,” of comparable scope and size, what is dis- Call (203) 624-6672, ext. 315, or visit and the articles by Vinoth Ramachandra tinctive is Wright’s perspective. In part 1 www.OMSC.org (Continuing Education) and Eloise Hiebert Meneses, who expose he argues that, rather than mission being some uncritical contextualization in North one perspective from which the Bible can

154 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 be read, it is the key to its entire “grand Zanzibar, May Allen, and the East narrative.” Mission, in other words, is Africa Slave Trade. not to be justified by amassing numbers of biblical texts. The Bible is about the By Yoland Brown. Ruyton XI Towns, Eng.: mission of God. It reveals a God whose Eleventowns Publishing, 2005. Pp. vii, 248. deepest desire is to share Godself with all £12.50. peoples and, indeed, with all of creation. And God is—wondrously—revealed, as This book began when Yoland Brown Shropshire newspaper, and they prompted well, as sharing this mission first with discovered sixty-seven letters from the Brown, who grew up in preindependence Israel and then with the church. Universities’ Mission to Central Africa Zanzibar, to write a rollicking story linking Wright develops this “missional her- (UMCA) in Zanzibar written between 1875 Zanzibar, the eastern African slave trade, meneutic” in three steps. First (part 2), and 1887. Penned by missionary nurse May Allen, and the UMCA mission. the God of the Bible is described as the Allen, the letters appeared in Brown’s local Brown’s personal childhood remi- only God, sovereign over the cosmos, yearning to have the divine name known by all peoples. This God is first revealed in Israel, then in Jesus Christ. Israel’s and the church’s task is to keep faith in this God and to expose any other god as a mere idol. Second (part 3), Wright shows how election in Abraham, redemption at the Exodus, and covenant existence are not exclusive privileges for Israel or the church but ultimately blessings for all nations. Third (part 4), Wright speaks of the “arena” of God’s—and God’s people’s—mission: the care of the entire created world, all of humanity, and all of human cultures. Mission is holistic, including both redemption from sin and liberation from any and all oppression. A short review can only acknowledge the brilliant, balanced scholarship that Wright evidences throughout. This is a biblical theology of the first order, and Wright argues powerfully that such a biblical theology can only be a missional theology. Three areas of critique might be mentioned, however. First, in the section on Jesus, in whom the missionary God is fully made known, Wright focuses more on the rather abstract affirmation of Jesus’ divinity than on describing the kind of God he reveals: unfathomably merciful, involved in human suffering through his healings and exorcisms, totally inclusive, loving us even to death on a cross (see Phil. 2:8). Second, although Wright ac- knowledges an Old Testament emphasis (p. 18), he might focus too much on the Old Testament and not enough on the New. Third, while it is true that the book is a biblical theology, there might have been more explicit links to the profoundly Trinitarian nature of the mission of God. Nevertheless, this is a must-read, not only for missionaries and missiologists, but also for biblical scholars and indeed all Christians. Perhaps more than a read, though, this book is one to be meditated on and prayed through. —Stephen B. Bevans, S.V.D.

Stephen B. Bevans, S.V.D., a contributing editor and Louis J. Luzbetak, S.V.D., Professor of Mission and Culture, Catholic Theological Union, Chicago, is the author (with Roger P. Schroeder, S.V.D.) of Constants in Context: A Theology of Mission for Today (Orbis Books, 2004).

July 2007 155 niscences, yarn-spinning capabilities, and Such correspondence has often been closely with Allen since both were skilled research in UMCA mission archives yield a gold mine for mission historians. In this linguists; other Europeans like John Kirk, an engaging, popular-style tale. Unfortu- case, however, Allen’s father, a prominent famous abolitionist British consul in nately, the book lacks careful editing clergyman, removed what was deemed Zanzibar; Arabs like the Sultan Barghash and relies on dated and often inaccurate unpleasant in the lost originals before and Princess Emily Reute, who escaped secondary materials for its historical publication. Hence Brown admits that Zanzibar to marry a German. Less present assertions, yielding multiple errors of the letters are “infuriatingly lacking in are the Africans whom Allen served spelling, grammar, and fact. The narrative detailed information regarding people generously in the clinic at the Anglican also has an Anglo-centric colonialist and happenings at the mission” (p. 225). mission. perspective reflecting its sources. Larger Still, Brown offers fascinating details and May Allen appears as a likeable, even quotations from Allen’s letters would portrays colorful characters in Allen’s heroic figure whose Victorian modesty have made this work more valuable for world: missionaries like Edward Steere, wrestled with missionary zeal. That historians. Zanzibar’s second bishop, who worked modesty and the circumstances of her letters’ publication conspired to rob them of some their potential historical value, but her story is worth remembering. —Paul V. Kollman

Paul V. Kollman, Assistant Professor of Theology, THE AFRICAN CHURCH University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, is author of The Evangelization of Slaves and Nearly 2,000 years old. Catholic Origins in Eastern Africa (Orbis Books, Experiencing unprecedented growth for 2005). more than a century.

Alive in Christ: The Synod for Who is telling the stories of Oceania and the Catholic Church in Papua New Guinea, 1998–2005.

• pioneers Edited by Philip Gibbs. Goroka, Papua New • evangelists Guinea: Melanesian Institute, 2006. Pp. 365. Aus$30 / €30 / US$25. • catechists Alive in Christ is an exciting story of • women how the Catholic Church in Papua • lay people New Guinea is struggling to connect Christianity more deeply to Papua New • martyrs Guinean and other Melanesian cultures and to confront pressing political, • theologians social, and economic issues. Beginning with a brief but informative historical overview, we learn that today the Catholic and other leaders of the church in Africa? Church in Papua New Guinea, with 1.5 million members, is slowly establishing The Dictionary of African Melanesians in positions of leadership, Christian Biography (www. but the shortage of national priests is a DACB.org) received an chronic problem. Nevertheless, the church enthusiastic response in there is now sending 125 missionaries to Mozambique. In February serve overseas. 2007 Jonathan Bonk, DACB Despite “glowing statistics” and project director and editor of the fact that the Catholic Church is the the International Bulletin of largest church in Papua New Guinea, a Missionary Research, held dominant theme throughout the book is a meeting in Maputo that that the Christian faith has not penetrated brought together members of deeply, as noted by Isaiah Timba: “Catholic the Christian Council of Mo- Christianity has been in PNG for many zambique (left)—more than years, yet the Christian message and forty leaders in all. values are inculturating at a slow pace in the minds and hearts of our people. Will it take another hundred years to recognize Dictionary of African Christian Biography the Papua New Guinean face of Christ?” in English, with translation forthcoming into (p. 49). French, Portuguese, Swahili, and Arabic. From November 22 to December 12, 1998, the Synod of Bishops for Read the dictionary online at www.DACB.org Oceania took place in Rome. During the first week the bishops and other

156 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 invited representatives were given eight radar for millennial themes, DeJong finds is that such hopes were not only one of minutes each to speak. Twenty of these traces of millennial speculation in most many driving forces behind the rise of “interventions” are published here, giving every mission-related publication and Anglo-American missions, but the main us a good understanding of the major sermon of the era, both in what he calls one. One is left to wonder whether there issues facing the synod. An outstanding its “mild” or “simple” formulation and would have been a Protestant American missiological example is Archbishop Karl in its more extreme manifestations. This mission effort apart from the millennial Hesse’s intervention on inculturation. delineation may be DeJong’s most helpful hopes that undergirded it. This book The second week of the synod, fifty pro- contribution. What interests him is not suggests that the answer would be no. positions were presented, debated, and whether a particular millennialism is “pre” —John Hubers voted on. Each of these is published here. or “post” or “a” but whether it represents The “interventions” and “propositions” “Scripturally-based hopes regarding the John Hubers is the former supervisor of the global were used by Pope John Paul II to write latter days” (p. 2). The evidence that he mission program in the Middle East and South Asia Ecclesia in Oceania, his postsynodal letter produces in well-documented case studies of the Reformed Church in America. of November 22, 2001, which is reprinted in an appendix. The missiological meat of this book is found in the narrative theology of twenty-one Melanesians relating their Catholic faith to everything from living with HIV to the negative influence of Globalization, Spirituality, certain traditional beliefs. —Darrell Whiteman and Justice Navigating the Path to Peace Darrell Whiteman is Vice President for Mission DANIEL G. GROODY Education and Resident Missiologist at The Mission Society, Atlanta, Georgia. Theology in Global Perspective series. A rigorously critical, yet inspiring vision of justice as an integral part of Christian spirituality. 978-1-57075-696-2 paperback $24 .00

As the Waters Cover the Sea: Creation, Grace, Millennial Expectations in the and Redemption Rise of Anglo-American Missions, NEIL ORMEROD 1640–1810. EnrichingTheology inMissionGlobal Perspective series.StudiesA solid introduction By James A. DeJong. Laurel, Miss.: Audubon to the themes of creation, grace, and redemption, inte- Press, 2006. Pp. 230. Paperback $27.99. grating classical and modern theological resources with perspectives from science, cultural studies, and interfaith Published initially as a doctoral disserta- dialogue. 978-1-57075-705-1 paperback $20.00 tion in the Netherlands in 1970, this work by former Calvin Seminary president James A. DeJong is now available in an Missions and Money American paperback edition. DeJong thus makes available to a wider audience his Affluence as a Missionary Problem insightful reflections on the seminal role Revised and Expanded Edition of millennial speculation in the dawn JONATHAN BONK of Anglo-American missions. DeJong’s Revisits the issue of affluent missionaries working among specific interest is what grew out of the symbiotic relationship that existed the poor peoples, complete with current statistics. between British (primarily Scottish) 978-1-57075-650-5 paperback $25.00 and colonial American (New England) evangelicals in the development of a mission theology and praxis that would lay the groundwork for the American Female Circumcision contribution to the nineteenth-century The Interplay of Religion, Protestant missionary movement. The Culture, and Gender in Kenya terminal date (1810) represents the MARY NYANGWESO WANGILA launching of that expansionary movement Women from the Margins series. A study of female cir- through the establishment of the American cumcision and a call for its eradication through carefully Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, at which point British and designed educational efforts sensitive to religious and cul- American efforts (at least organizationally) tural beliefs. 978-1-57075-710-5 paperback $25.00 went their separate ways. DeJong’s primary thesis is well known and well covered in other At your bookseller or direct: ORBIS BOOKS historical missionary surveys. But rarely Order Online! www.maryknollmall.org Maryknoll, NY 10545 has it been covered so thoroughly and A World of Books that Matter 1-800-258-5838 convincingly. With a Joe McCarthy–like

July 2007 157

IBMR July The Azusa Street Mission and origins from the racist Charles Fox Par- Revival: The Birth of the Global ham in Topeka, Kansas, in 1901 to his one- Pentecostal Movement. time disciple William Joseph Seymour in Los Angeles in 1906. By Cecil M. Robeck, Jr. Nashville: Thomas Robeck has superbly set the story of the Nelson, 2006. Pp. x, 342. Paperback $16.99. Azusa Street revival and William Seymour within the context of early twentieth- This affordable book was written to is a highly focused book that settles the century Los Angeles and African American coincide with the centenary of the most question of the significance of this African society. This was undoubtedly the most important event in American and (so American–led revival and missionary important Christian revival of the early suggests its author) global Pentecostal movement for world Pentecostalism. Its twentieth century. Its speedy growth in a history, the Azusa Street revival (1906–8). subtitle suggests that this revival was short time, its effect on other churches, its This is the definitive version of the events the birth of Pentecostalism. Although function as “the primary icon” of global that rocked global Christianity a century global Pentecostalism might require a Pentecostalism (p. 10), and its outreach to ago. It confirms Mel Robeck, professor of more multidimensional approach to the the marginalized make this an event that church history and ecumenics at Fuller question of origins, Robeck has identified still has missiological significance. Much of Theological Seminary, as the premier himself with those in recent years who the book gives information from primary historian of the Los Angeles revival. It have supported the shift of emphasis on sources never previously published. My main complaint about this volume is its inadequate referencing. This format was the publisher’s decision and should not detract from the sheer authoritative nature of this study, one that will endure HAVE YOU DISCOVERED as a monument to Robeck’s meticulous THE IBMR EJOURNAL? scholarship for the foreseeable future. There is more to come, and we can expect to Identical to the print edition. The see an even more comprehensive volume same thought-provoking mission on Azusa Street from Robeck’s research in research journal—in a 21st- the near future. century package! —Allan Anderson

Allan Anderson is Director of the Graduate Institute Receive 4 issues of this for Theology and Religion and Professor of Global award-winning mission research Pentecostal Studies at the University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England. journal—just $9.97 for the e-journal edition.

The INTERNATIONAL BULLETINOF MISSIONARY RESEARCH is a vital study tool for anyone interested in world Christianity. The journal has expanded its service to the missionary community and scholars On Afric’s Shore: A History of Maryland in Liberia, 1834–1857. of world Christianity with the establishment of an Internet-based, e-journal edition. The e-journal contains the same in-depth By Richard L. Hall. Baltimore: Maryland feature articles and timely book reviews, but in an easily searched Historical Society, 2003. Pp. xxiii, 644. $45. and printed PDF format. When you subscribe you will receive an e-mail with a link to download or read the current issue online. In 1999 Lamin Sanneh published Abolitionists Abroad, arguing that African- To use a major credit card, visit www.OMSC.org/ibmr.html Americans engaged the motherland and select the e-journal (new or renewal) subscription link. When successfully because they were inspired you receive the fourth issue you also will receive a reminder to by certain republican principles and anti- renew. Consider giving the IBMR e-journal each year as a gift to structural ideology that sidelined the trad- itional chiefs, who were compromised in a missionary, student, or pastor. the slave trade. But Sanneh did not pursue the consequences of the settler presence. Every issue offers thought-provoking research and If you prefer the Print Edi- A different genre of historiography soon reflection. You receive: tion, also visit www.OMSC. emerged: county/parish histories charac- • Reports on mission trends and conferences org/ibmr.html to purchase a terized by intrepid archival grubbing and • Annual statistical updates on global Christianity subscription using a credit detailed biographical narratives. Richard • Profiles of current and past missionary leaders card, call (203) 624-6672, Hall represents the latter mold. During his • Book reviews and notices ext. 309, or mail a check undergraduate years in the early 1980s, payable in U.S. funds to he encountered sixty boxes of the records Subscribers may read current issues online. IBMR about African Americans who left Mary- Visit www.OMSC.org/onlinehelp.html P.O. Box 3000 land for the motherland during the Denville, NJ 07834 repa-triation process. He studied them through the next two decades and then in PUBLISHED QUARTERLY BYTHE OVERSEAS MINISTRIES STUDY CENTER 2003 published On Afric’s Shore (a phrase taken from one of the romantic lyrics of the protagonists).

158 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 Hall tells the story of blacks sponsored nineteenth century as a period of special getical study.) Likewise, missions to the by the Maryland Colonization Society Christian interest in the Middle East, Middle East played important roles in con- going to Cape Palmas (later annexed into comparable to the Crusader era of the structing “Christian Orientalism” (p. 17), Liberia), a county that later produced late eleventh through the late thirteenth as essays by Stockdale on the British a president and notable professionals. centuries. Missionaries were infused Church Missionary Society (CMS) in It is a detailed story with 431 pages of with “geopiety” (p. 10) distinguished by Palestine, and Kaminsky on the German narrative, 78 pages of annotated lists of renewed interest in the Holy Land as a Kaiserwerth institutions in the Levant, early settlers, and copious reference notes. focus for pilgrimage and biblical study. attest. Murre–van den Berg also draws The first hundred pages deal with five (Indeed, the essay by Heyberger and a distinction between “conversionist” key issues: the multilayered, contested Verdeil describes nineteenth-century and “civilizational” programs (p. 16), motivations, the institutional organization Jesuit missions to the Holy Land as associating the latter with a tendency of the enterprise, the acquisition of land, both a “comeback” [p. 40] from the Cru- toward secularization that occurred in the difficulties and broken dreams during sades and a source of insight for exe- missionary schools (as Fleischmann the early settlement, and the encounters with the indigenous Grebo culture. The next hundred pages reconstruct the saga of missionary enterprise built around the major figure of John Russwurm, who provided sacrificial leadership, albeit leadership that ended on a sour note. The rest of the story is about the development of the colony, which was fraught with political and social squabbles, economic difficulties (in the colony and in the home base), contentious relationship with the Prepare for the unexpected. indigenous population, and the settlers’ policy of leaving the native population on the periphery. This policy constitutes the foil to the contention of historians Being called is different than being prepared. that the settlers failed to evangelize the The apostle Paul was both. So when he indigenous population and serves as the unexpectedly found himself in chains, he was foundation of the relationship between prepared to show love and compassion for his the church, the Masonic Lodge, and the prison guards. And they listened to him. political parties. When Master Sergeant How about you? Chances are you’re called, Samuel Doe staged a successful coup but are you prepared to take the Good News against Tolbert’s government in 1980, he into places where you feel “uncomfortable”? At Bethel Seminary, we are committed was hailed as one who finally liberated to knowing and teaching as much as we can the indigenous people of Liberia. about cultures near and far. Because if you are Hall tells an enthralling narrative. He called to a culture different from your own, it is clearly has done his homework. important to understand that culture and love —Ogbu U. Kalu its people. Bethel has two programs specifically crafted for cross-cultural ministry. Doctor Ogbu U. Kalu is the Henry Winters Luce Professor of Ministry in Global and Contextual of World Christianity and Mission, McCormick Leadership through our distance learning Theological Seminary, Chicago, and Director of the program, and the M.A. in Global and Chicago Center for Global Ministries, located in the Contextual Studies, available through either Catholic Theological Union, Chicago. our traditional classroom setting or distance learning program. The unexpected is going to happen. Preparing you to handle it is what we do best. Learn more by calling 800-255-8706, ext. 6288.

New Faith in Ancient Lands: Western Missions in the Middle Take the Next Step. Change Your World. East in the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries.

Edited by Heleen Murre–van den Berg. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Pp. xii, 340. €99 / $134.

New Faith in Ancient Lands makes a powerful contribution to mission history. The product of a conference sponsored by the University of Leiden, it contains St.Paul • San Diego •New York fourteen essays on Protestant and Catholic Philadelphia •Washington D.C. •New England missions to Muslims, Jews, and Orthodox Christians in the Middle East. www.bethel.edu In an incisive introductory chapter, Heleen Murre–van den Berg describes the

July 2007 159 argues in an essay about American girls’ Catholics, Badr’s on the Armenian and newly developed discipline of Kirchliche education in Syria). Arab Protestant communities of Syria- Zeitgeschichte (Modern Church History), Several contributors stress the impor- Lebanon, Tamcke’s on the Kurds and which tries to combine methods and tance of relations between missions and local Christians of northwestern Iran, theories of theology as well as of social governments, among them Bourmand, and Merguerian’s on the Armenians of and cultural history in order to interpret who considers how the establishment of eastern Anatolia trace the influence of the making of religion in modernity” the CMS hospital in Nablus depended missions on ethnic, sectarian, and national (p. 153). This excellent volume certainly on British mediation with Ottoman identities. Ryad points to the unexpected helps to achieve that goal. authorities, and Buffon, who shows how consequences of Christian mission work —Heather J. Sharkey Franciscans in the Holy Land resorted for Muslim social activism in Egypt. to “internationalism” by calling various In an essay on a German orphanage Heather J. Sharkey is Assistant Professor of Middle European governments to support their in Jerusalem, Löffler reflects, “I would like Eastern and Islamic Studies in the Department of work. O’Mahony’s essay on Coptic to see mission history integrated into the Near Eastern Languages and Civilizations at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia.

RECENT BOOKS from EERDMANS YVES CONGAR To Give or Not to Give? Theologian of the Church Rethinking Dependency, Restoring LOU VA IN T HEOLO GIC AL AND PAS TORAL MONOGRAPH S Generosity, and Redefining Gabriel Flynn, editor Sustainability. Examining Congar’s role and significance as a theologian of the By John Rowell. Tyrone, Ga.: Authentic, 2006. church, this volume reflects on his contributions to ecumenism, Pp. xi, 262. Paperback $16.99. interreligious dialogue, and Catholic theology. ISBN 978-0-8028-6302-7 • 519 pages • paperback • $45.00 “I am calling for a complete reformation of perspective. . . . I am convinced the time BEYOND IDEALISM has come to openly challenge our settled A Way Ahead for Ecumenical Social Ethics conclusions about missions giving and to Julio de Santa Ana slaughter the sacred cow represented by the self-supporting paradigm” (p. 239). Edited by Robin Gurney, Heidi Hadsell, and Lewis Mudge John Rowell, church planter and director Featuring an international contingent of authors, Beyond Idealism of Ministry Resource Network, frames a is an excellent collection of essays oriented towards the renewal new paradigm for twenty-first-century of ecumenism and its social witness. mission of covenant relationship: Western ISBN 978-0-8028-3187-3 • 249 pages • paperback • $25.00 and local missionaries united to advance the kingdom of God and fulfill the Great LESSLIE NEWBIGI N, Commission. Calling for the abandonment MISSIONARY THEOLOGIAN of the “three-self paradigm” with its double A Reader standard for missionary workers that has plagued at-tempts for partnerships, Lesslie Newbigin Rowell challenges the Western church to Compiled & introduced by Paul Weston face its privileged status as rich and obey This reader fills a long-standing need for a comprehensive intro- God’s repeated instructions in Scripture duction to Newbigin and his legacy. Following a short biography to be “rich in good works.” and a discussion of his major theological and missiological Rowell reviews the history of themes, the volume sets selected readings in context with brief the “three-self paradigm,” explaining introductions and offers suggestions for further reading. how Henry Venn and John Nevius ISBN 978-0-8028-2982-5 • 287 pages • paperback • $16.00 developed this perspective to challenge the paternalism of colonial mission. He then shows how the modern application of this “BEC AUSE HE WAS A GERMAN! ” paradigm, distorted by radical changes of Cardinal Bea and the Origins of Roman Catholic Engagement private and public philosophies of charity, in the Ecumenical Movement reflects our unreasoned fears that giving Jerome-Michael Vereb, C.P. to nationals creates dependency and even destroys effective ministry. Citing Foreword by Renato Cardinal Martino David Garrison’s assertion that money is “The extensive original research of Vereb’s book traces the steps the “devil’s candy,” Rowell argues that of the eccleslastical story. . . . It is engaging reading.” such perspectives are part of the “devil’s — GREGORY BAUM in The Catholic Register cunning” to make Western Christians “rich ISBN 978-0-8028-2885-9 • 360 pages • hardcover • $35.00 fools and robbers, presuming ‘to buy and to keep’ for themselves the riches meant Wm.B.Eerdmans to be shared with others” (p. 237). At your bookstore, Publishing Co. Arguing that world evangelization is or call 800-253-7521 6024 2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E. spiritual warfare, requiring vast economic, www.eerdmans.com Grand Rapids,MI 49505 human, and spiritual resources, Rowell calls the church to build a war chest for

160 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 world mission, parallel to Roosevelt’s to result in a redefinition of the nature of how the council was received by the wider World War II Lend-Lease program for the church, its historic missionary task, Christian community. Lukas Vischer’s American allies. The most significant con- and its relationship to the modern world, substantial chapter, “The Council as an tribution of this book is the “Missionary other churches, and other religions. Event in the Ecumenical Movement,” is Marshall Plan for the 21st Century.” Their weighty and authoritative five- particularly useful. In a footnote we are Noting that the Western church has a vast volume history was published between told that Vischer was the World Council of untapped capacity to give, Rowell defines 1995 and 2006. The fifth and last volume Churches’ delegate, but an irritating aspect four principles for sending churches has a detailed account of the clash of of the entire series is that none of the other to maximize their investment in world ideas and development of texts—in chapter authors are introduced. Some are mission warfare, and five principles of this instance, how they were finalized. little known. It would have been important stewardship for those who go, through Some of the narrative is valuable only to know where they were coming from, in which they may enable local congregations as a reference text. But there is much more senses than one. to advance evangelism and kingdom work fascinating editorializing and reflection on The council was billed as an ecumen- in their own cultures and beyond. —Sherwood G. Lingenfelter

Sherwood G. Lingenfelter is Professor of S TUDIES IN THE H ISTOR Y Anthropology, Provost, and Senior Vice President, OF C HRISTIAN M IS SIONS Fuller Theological Seminary, Pasadena, California. China’s Millions The China Inland Mission and A Brief History of Vatican II. Late Qing Society, 1832–1905 By Giuseppe Alberigo. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Alvyn Austin Books, 2006. Pp. 172. Paperback $20.

History of Vatican II. Vol. 5: The Council and the Transition; The “In analyzing the strengths and weaknesses, the successes and failures, of Fourth Session and the End of so effective an organization as the China Inland Mission, Austin has pro- the Council; September 1965– duced a book of immense practical value. China’s Millions should be read December 1965. and digested by anyone seriously committed to building God’s kingdom in Edited by Giuseppe Alberigo, with Joseph A. China.” — ANDREW T. KA ISER Komonchak. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Orbis Books; Louvain: Peeters Publishers, 2006. Pp. xxii, 686. $80 / €85. “A rich, lovingly crafted, and elegantly written study. ...Probably the sin- gle largest contribution is the sympathetic yet sober and objective por- Vatican II Forty Years Later. trayal of Hudson Taylor as a person, along with insightful profiles of a whole host of other CIM worthies, power brokers, and assorted oddballs. Edited by William Madges. Maryknoll, N.Y.: Embedded in this informative (and often entertaining) narrative (which Orbis Books, 2006. Pp. 272. Paperback $30. skips, rather than plows, through decades of history) comes an implicit What the Second Vatican Council taught interpretation of the institutional growth of the CIM as an organization.” is almost as contested today as it was — DA NIEL BA YS forty years ago. The reason is that its sixteen conciliar texts were the product of a prolonged quest for a consensus and clarity that were ultimately unobtainable. The council members represented widely divergent perspectives and interests, including Thomists versus Augustinians, the divergent interests of the superiors of mission orders, leaders of the young “Third World” churches and the Propaganda Fide, Pope Paul VI’s concerns, and those of the curial conservatives, and the majority of the bishops. To harmonize the prevailing diversity of views necessarily meant enshrining ambiguity, as well as indicating ISBN 978-0-8028-2975-7 · 538 pages · paperback · $45.00 new directions in the final documents. Thanks to Giuseppe Alberigo and Wm.B.Eerdmans Joseph Komonchak, though, we have At your bookstore, Publishing Co. an outstanding historical record of the or call 800-253-7521 council’s proceedings and a sophisticated 6532 2140 Oak Industrial Drive N.E. www.eerdmans.com analysis of how clashing viewpoints and Grand Rapids,MI 49505 different schools of thought came together

July 2007 161 ical council, and indeed 103 observers evidence. His analysis of Ad gentes, on Sad to say, the great effort of imagination from different churches attended council Catholic missionary activity, underlining comes afterward. A “patient impatience” sessions. The observers gave significant, the mission of the whole church, not the Nicaraguan revolutionary Tomás albeit only informal, input into the merely a special class of missionaries, and Borge once entitled some of his poems. A deliberations; the mutual excommunication analysis of acculturation are admirably good formula for life in the postconciliar of the Eastern Orthodox was ceremonially succinct. Clearly not a great admirer of church. removed and a new Secretariat for Christian Pope Paul VI, he is more critical of his —Ian Linden Unity consolidated a change of tack; and conciliar interventions than some other a theological framework for ecumenism distinguished commentators. Ian Linden is Associate Professor, Department of was formulated based on shared baptism, William Madges is chair of the the Study of Religion, School of Oriental and Afri- with a subtle differentiation of the church Department of Theology at Xavier can Studies, University of London. of Christ from the “really existing” Roman University in Cincinnati. He has brought Catholic Church so that the church of together an eclectic collection of essays. Christ “subsists in the Catholic Church” They reveal the disappointments with (Lumen gentium 8). All in all, Vischer is the council. The heightened expectations surely right in presenting the Second generated by the council were not realized: Vatican Council as a pivotal transitional there were hastily erected roadblocks, The Will to Arise: Theological event on the long path toward a genuinely centralized control of the new synods and Political Themes in African ecumenical council. of bishops, abject treatment of women, Christianity and the Renewal of Alberigo’s Brief History is more revelations from the pedophile scandals Faith and Identity. personal and a delight. We learn about his about clerical attitudes, and so on. Detailed connections to peace-campaigner Cardinal studies include notably Pope Benedict’s By Caleb Oluremi Oladipo. New York: Peter Giacomo Lercaro of Bologna, and about thinking on communio, and lecture notes Lang, 2006. Pp. xxiv, 240. $32.95 / €27.20 / his own participation in September 1960 on the laity and the state by John Courtney £19 / SFr 42. in the Catholic Conference for Ecumenical Murray, the great American champion of Questions—with Cardinals Bea and religious freedom. In the course of the twentieth century Alfrink, Hans Küng, and Yves Congar— These books are about the struggles the Republic of South Africa has been and we get a charming photograph of him of a group of churchmen discovering the scene of spectacular developments. with his wife. Above all, here is a short leadership at a critical moment in the The institution of apartheid, supported and judicious account and assessment history of Catholicism, and the result. by principles developed in the Dutch of the council from someone who has Little effort is required to imagine that Reformed Church, met with resistance in fully digested the detail and weighed the the Holy Spirit was at work among them. its suppression of blacks. The victory over apartheid was followed by a successful process of reconciliation. Both resistance and reconciliation were inspired by a self- 2008 STUDENT SEMINARS ON WORLD MISSION esteem of the black people who found a Thy Will Be Done on Earth: Good News in Deed and Word new identity in the Christian Gospel. For Nigerian Caleb Oluremi Oladipo, A monthlong survey of the Christian world mission, cosponsored by 30 seminaries. professor at the Baptist Theological Seminary in Richmond, Virginia, this Reduced rates for students from cosponsoring schools and mission agencies. Schools process of the emergence of a new Christian may offer students credit for one, two, three, or four weeks. self-understanding and spirituality has January 7–11 and 14–18, 2008 been the starting point of research and Held at Mercy Center, Madison, Connecticut reflection on its value for Christianity The sessions of weeks one and two survey the Christian world mission. Multiple present- worldwide. He states, “There is no ers. Seven sessions each week. $145 per week. doubt that South African Christian Life has become part of God’s vision for the January 21–25 Held at OMSC redemption of all humanity” (p. xvi). Christian Gospel and Human Cultures: Anthropological Resources for the Oladipo’s reflections resulted in a number Church in Mission. of articles that are collected in this book. Dr. Michael Rynkiewich, professor of anthropology, Asbury Theological Seminary, The author starts with a description Wilmore, Kentucky, introduces the contributions an anthropological perspective offers of the development of Christianity in for missionary practice. Cosponsored by The Mission Society and United Methodist the struggle against apartheid, which General Board of Global Ministries. Eight sessions. $145 is followed by some more intuitive January 28–February 1 Held at OMSC comments. These thoughts lead to a new understanding of the resurrection of Ethnicity as Gift and Barrier: Human Identity and Christian Mission. Christ, and even the development of new Dr. Tite Tiénou, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Deerfield, Illinois, works from insights in interreligious dialogue. In this first-hand experience in Africa to identify the “tribal” issues faced by the global way Oladipo discerns a new way of living church in mission. Cosponsored by InterVarsity Missions / Urbana and Mennonite the Christian faith, having detached itself Central Committee. Eight sessions. $145 from its old, Western expression. This multiple approach is undoubt- edly the strength of the book, but also its weakness. Focusing on key phrases like OVERSEAS MINISTRIES STUDY CENTER “creative integration,” “cross-fertilization,” 490 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 USA and “integrative tolerance,” the author (203) 624-6672, ext. 315 [email protected] makes a plea for a new Christianity that Visit www.OMSC.org/january.html for details. is based more on experience than on understanding, more on doing than on

162 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 doctrine. The book is weak in lacking “school-city” for children of all classes Volume 2 focuses upon mission systematic reflection and a clearly defined and all levels of learning. Francke’s vision work in South India, especially upon development of thought; in some respects of “changing the world by transforming details relating to Tranquebar and also the descriptive parts on South African human beings” was chartered by Elector Thanjavur, Cuddalore and Madras (or history are incomplete. Nevertheless, the Frederick III, later King Frederick I, of Chennai, Fort St. George, etc.). In volume sweeping drive of the author does not leave Brandenburg-Prussia. The prince who 3 this focus is widened so as to include the attentive reader untouched. founded Halle University and appointed interplays between evangelical or Pietistic —Gerard van ’t Spijker Francke professor of theology thus concerns and various scholarly disciplines supported the Franckesche Stiftungen that emerged from the Enlightenment. Gerard van ’t Spijker, now retired, was editor-in- (foundation). Halle’s influence, half a Advances in scientific understanding chief of the Dutch journal Wereld en zending. century before the rise of Zinzendorf’s enjoy special attention and prominence. Tijdschrift voor interculturele theologie (World Herrnhut, was to be enormous. Francke’s Close consideration given to systems of and mission. Journal for intercultural theology; Halle, in short, became the springboard knowledge by the editors is especially 2002–6). for modern missions. commendable. Readers will also be The twenty-two chapters of volume 1 grateful to find the last two hundred pages contain a wide variety of insights and devoted to three substantial appendixes. understandings. As is so often true of such All in all, this work is a gold mine collections, the quality of these items is —rich in insightful commentary and anal- uneven, ranging from brilliant to barely ysis, basic data, and documents and ref- Halle and the Beginning of informative. Important missionaries, erence materials that reveal the origins Protestant Christianity in India. pastors, and leaders, both male and of Pietist/Protestant missions in modern Vol. 1: The Danish-Halle and the female, are treated in full chapters. times. As such, this boxed set fully deserves English-Halle Mission; vol. 2: Encounters between Christians from its rank among top works published in Christian Mission in the Indian different confessions—Syrian or Thomas 2006 and should occupy an important Context; vol. 3: Communication (Orthodox), Catholic, Lutheran, Moravian/ place on the shelf of every scholar seriously Between India and Europe. Pietist, Armenian, and Anglican—are interested in the history of missions and examined in separate chapters. Encounters world Christianity. Edited by Andreas Gross, Y. Vincent between Christians and Christian ideas —Robert Eric Frykenberg Kumaradoss, and Heike Liebau. Halle: Verlag and “Hindu” institutions and ideas are der Franckeschen Stiftungen zu Halle, 2006. also studied in depth. For the most part, Robert Eric Frykenberg taught for forty-four years Pp. xxxii, 1,574. €50. readers will be richly rewarded for their at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, special- efforts. izing in the history and cultures of India. In 1706 the first Evangelische/Protestant missionaries, Bartholomäus Ziegenbalg and Heinrich Plütschau, arrived in Tranquebar. En route to India, they Other Voices were successively commissioned in A Study of Christian Feminist Approaches to Religious Halle, Copenhagen, and London. They Plurality East and West represented a unique ecumenical and Helene Egnell international venture. Whether or not the Royal Danish-English-Halle Mission was What difference would feminist perspectives make to interfaith dialogue and indeed one, two, or three separate entities is theology of religions? This book explores the contributions of feminist dialogue praxis and feminist theology in this area. Women’s interfaith projects make a matter scholars can debate. Editors of this use of a methodology from the women’s movement, sharing life stories and set of volumes see two distinct missions: building relations, that creates a ”safe space” where conflicts can be the Danish-Halle and the English-Halle. constructively dealt with. Women meet in the shared experience of being marginalized in their religious traditions, of being ”the other”. They share the This reviewer sees one. What cannot be critique against patriarchal traditions and the commitment to changing them. denied are the common bonds of Pietistic Feminist reflection on the significance of being the female ”other”, and of faith and inspiration shared by the being on the margins of religious traditions, provides new and fruitful ways of approaching the religious ”other”. Dissertation at Uppsala University 2006. sovereigns of all three political systems that supported this enterprise. Price: SEK 250:- Such bonds enabled ideas inculcated plus postage and service charge by August Herman Francke to set a pattern for future expansion and inculturation Gospel and Culture of the Gospel during the centuries that in the World Council of Churches and the Lausanne followed. The pattern included mastery Movement with particular focus on the period 1973-1996 of vernacular tongues; translation of Klas Lundström scriptural and scientific essentials; This is a study of the central issues in the discussion on gospel and culture provision of basic literacy for all converts, within the World Council of Churches and the Lausanne movement. The book including women and children; printing provides a background to the discussion in the 1950s and 1960s and continues presses for the publication of translated with a deeper analysis of the statements from the two bodies in the period texts; training and utilization of indigenous 1973-1996. Dissertation at Uppsala University 2006. leaders for evangelization, teaching, Price: SEK 250:- pastoral ministry, and mission expansion; plus postage and service charge and ceaseless research so as to increase worldwide human and intercultural For a complete list of books, please visit our webpage www.teol.uu.se/homepage/sim/ understandings, both cultural and Order from scientific. What had started in 1695 as an Swedish Institute of Mission Research, P. O. Box 1526, SE-751 45 Uppsala. SWEDEN. orphanage amid social degradation outside Tel and Fax: +46 (0)18 13 00 60. E-mail: [email protected] the city gates of Halle turned into a campus

July 2007 163 Think on These Things: Harmony and Diversity The Literature of Islam. A Guide to the Primary Sources in English New Title Translation. By Wisnu Sasongko “I paint what I can see, what I can touch, By Paula Youngman Skreslet and Rebecca what I can feel—a utopia of love Skreslet. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2006. expressed in the reality of life. All of Pp. xiv, 243. Paperback $45. that inspires me in my artistic way,” says Wisnu Sasongko, a graduate of the Fac- With the increasing interest in Islam in ulty of Fine Art, Institut Seni Indone- academic circles in recent years comes sia, Yogyakarta. This book includes “All the need to study the primary literary Dreams Connected,” a 28-minute DVD sources in the vast and rich Islamic about Sasongko and his art. tradition through the Middle Ages to 96 pages and a DVD, $29.95 the modern time. The most important scholarly works were written in Arabic (or Persian or Turkish), and in the West they are therefore accessible only to specialists in Islamic studies. Now, however, scholars not proficient in Arabic have a guide to Christ on the Bangkok Road: translations of many of these works into The Art of Sawai Chinnawong English. New Title Paula Youngman Skreslet, a Sawai Chinnawong, of Payap Univer- professional librarian, and Rebecca sity, Chiang Mai, Thailand, is known Skreslet, a scholar of Arab culture and for portraying Christianity through a Islamic religion, have published a very Thai graphic idiom. Sawai is an useful introduction to the most significant ethnic Mon whose Buddhist ancestors Islamic works that are available in migrated to Thailand from Myanmar. English translation. The outline of the book follows a traditional classification His drawings and paintings, inspired of Islamic literature: The Qur’an, The by traditional art from central Thai- Traditions (Hadith), Exegesis of the Qur’an land, re ect a deep Christian faith. (Tafsir), Law and Legal Theory (Shari‘a 80 pages, $19.95 and Fikh), History and Historiography (Ta’rikh), Philosophy (Falsafa), Theology Look Toward the Heavens: (Kalam), and Spirituality and Mysticism The Art of He Qi (Tasawwuf). In each area works have been He Qi, a noted contemporary Chinese selected according to the impact they have Christian artist, is a professor at Nanjing had in the Islamic scholarly tradition. Union Theological Seminary. He hopes The place of the original works in the to help change the “foreign image” of Islamic literature is explained, and the Christianity in China through his art and, at translations are critically reviewed. The main emphasis is on medieval works the same time, to supplement Chinese art the (up to the thirteenth century), but there way Buddhist art did in ancient times. are also some introductions to books 128 pages, $19.95 written in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, for example, by Muhammad A Time for My Singing: Abduh, Rashid Rida, Mawlana Mawdudi, Witness of a Life and Sayyid Qutb. Each chapter concludes with a short section on developments in by Nalini Marcia Jayasuriya the modern era. “I come from a land of rich, ancient, and A guide for pronunciation of the diverse cultures and traditions. While I carry most essential names and terms, a glos- the enriching in uences of both West and East, sary of Arabic terms, a comprehensive I express myself through an Asian and Christian bibliography, and name, title, and subject consciousness with respect for all confessions of religious faith,” says Nalini Jayasuriya of Sri Lanka. Her book offers richly diverse and evoca- Please beware of bogus renewal tive expressions of faith from an Asian perspec- notices. A genuine IBMR renewal tive. Her reminiscences are included. notice will have a return address 128 pages, $19.95 of Denville, NJ 07834 on the outer envelope, and the address on the Gifts from OMSC Publications reply envelope will be PO Box 3000, Denville, NJ 07834-3000. Overseas Ministries Study Center Please e-mail [email protected] 490 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06511 or call (203) 624-6672, ext. 309, with Visit www.OMSC.org/books.htm or call (203) 624-6672, ext. 315 any questions. Thank you.

164 International Bulletin of Missionary Research, Vol. 31, No. 3 indexes contribute to making this book an which the mission helped to found. It to spread the Gospel. Even though such indispensable tool for scholars who study discusses in particular how SIM and other comparison is not clearly made in the book, and teach Islam but who are not proficient evangelical missions understand Islam SIM missionaries were less inclined to in Arabic. and Muslim evangelism. For example, SIM adapt their theology to the African milieu —Mogens S. Mogensen missionaries typically viewed Muslims as than were Roman Catholic missions. Such lost without Jesus in their hearts but would noncontextualized areas include SIM mis- Mogens S. Mogensen is a part-time lecturer at the be sensitive to Muslim religious sensibility, sionaries’ understanding of conversion, Faculty of Theology, University of Copenhagen, which in turn endeared them to Muslims which they taught as individualistic and Denmark, and a consultant on intercultural and in Maradi (in southern Niger) and also in exclusive; otherworldliness, which led interreligious issues. He was a missionary with the northern Nigeria. This relationship with them to teach an austere Western lifestyle; Lutheran Church of Christ in Nigeria, 1981−91. Muslims was unfortunately tarnished with and dualism, where they taught that life the emergence of Pentecostal Christians, was good or evil rather than both good who were more aggressive in confronting and evil, which is African. In addition, Muslims with the claims of Christianity. the mission instituted a system of church Not only in evangelism but also in discipline (horo) to make converts conform politics, SIM missionaries allowed the to perceived African Christian culture. Evangelical Christians in the context to dictate their behavior. SIM Still, Cooper’s use of the word “funda- Muslim Sahel. as an evangelical group was generally mentalists” for the SIM is misleading. apolitical, but they could not avoid being This book will be an invaluable By Barbara M. Cooper. Bloomington: Indiana politically active in dealing with either asset to all those interested in African Univ. Press, 2006. Pp. 480. $49.95. the British colonial authorities in Nigeria history, mission, politics, linguistics, and or the French government in Niger. It was economics. Barbara Cooper’s volume is important rather ironic, then, that SIM missionaries —Musa A. B. Gaiya in at least two ways: it is the first to treat tried to convince their converts in Niger the Sudan Interior Mission (SIM) work in and also in Nigeria to stay out of politics Musa A. B. Gaiya is Professor of Church History at Niger, and it is the first to study the impact because politics was a dirty game. the University of Jos, Nigeria. His recent research of the mission on the indigenous church. Cooper is critical of SIM missionaries’ interest is in Muslim-Christian relations in Nigeria, The book looks at areas of cooperation negative attitude toward Hausa culture especially how the reintroduction of Shari‘a law and conflict between the mission and and the suppression of women, and their in some northern Nigerian states has affected the the Evangelical Church of Niger (EERN), use of social services as an enticement relationship between Muslims and Christians. mission insurance Customized! Since 1980, Adams & Associates International has been providing mission-specific policies to mission groups of all sizes, as well as to individuals. We can provide options and solutions from our extensive portfolio of missionary specific coverages— in many cases even customizing to meet your particular needs. When insurance companies sell you “off the shelf“ policies, you often pay for extra coverage that you don’t need. Or even worse, you may not get the coverage you do need.

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