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Surrealist Painting in Yogyakarta Martinus Dwi Marianto University of Wollongong
University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 1995 Surrealist painting in Yogyakarta Martinus Dwi Marianto University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Marianto, Martinus Dwi, Surrealist painting in Yogyakarta, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Faculty of Creative Arts, University of Wollongong, 1995. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/1757 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] SURREALIST PAINTING IN YOGYAKARTA A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the award of the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY from UNIVERSITY OF WOLLONGONG by MARTINUS DWI MARIANTO B.F.A (STSRI 'ASRT, Yogyakarta) M.F.A. (Rhode Island School of Design, USA) FACULTY OF CREATIVE ARTS 1995 CERTIFICATION I certify that this work has not been submitted for a degree to any other university or institution and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, contains no material previously published or written by any other person, except where due reference has been made in the text. Martinus Dwi Marianto July 1995 ABSTRACT Surrealist painting flourished in Yogyakarta around the middle of the 1980s to early 1990s. It became popular amongst art students in Yogyakarta, and formed a significant style of painting which generally is characterised by the use of casual juxtapositions of disparate ideas and subjects resulting in absurd, startling, and sometimes disturbing images. In this thesis, Yogyakartan Surrealism is seen as the expression in painting of various social, cultural, and economic developments taking place rapidly and simultaneously in Yogyakarta's urban landscape. -
461114 1 En Bookbackmatter 209..247
Conclusion: Convergent Paths In November 1945, the President of the Republic of Vietnam, Hồ Chí Minh, sent a letter addressed to ‘the President of the Republic of Indonesia’, proposing that a joint declaration of solidarity to be made by Indonesia and Vietnam in the form of a ‘Preparatory Commission Struggling for a Federation of the Free Peoples of Southern Asia’. The letter, entrusted to an American journalist named Harold Isaacs, did not reach President Soekarno.1 It was handed to Vice-President Mohammad Hatta, who then passed it on to Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir. Sjahrir discussed the offer with Soedjatmoko Koko, the interpreter to foreign correspon- dents of the Republican government, but told him that he would not reply and preferred just to ignore the letter. Sjahrir indifference sprang from his conviction that the situation in Indonesia and Vietnam were very different. The Indonesian nationalists were up against the Dutch, who were ‘a weak colonial power and could be defeated quickly.’ Hồ Chí Minh had to contend with the French, who could and would resist him for a long time. Furthermore, he looked askance at the fact that the DRV government depended on support from the communists, which was not the case in Indonesia. In conclusion, Sjahrir argued, ‘If we ally ourselves with Hồ Chí Minh, we shall weaken ourselves and delay Independence.’2 The story of the missed opportunity for cooperation between Vietnam and Indonesia3 as a result of Sjahrir’s ‘betrayal of the greater Asian revolution’,as 1Harold Robert Isaacs is the author of No Peace for Asia, which has been cited widely in this dissertation. -
Daftar Nama Rumah Sakit Rujukan Penanggulangan Infeksi Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019) Sesuai Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI
Daftar Nama Rumah Sakit Rujukan Penanggulangan Infeksi Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-2019) Sesuai Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI Nama RS Alamat Kontak Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam RSU Dr. Zainoel Abidin Jl. Tgk. Daud Beurueh No. 108, Telp: 0651-34562 Fax: 0651-34566 1. Banda Aceh Banda Aceh Email :[email protected] RSU Cut Meutia Jl. Banda Aceh-Medan Km.6 Buket Rata, 2. Telp : 0645-46334, Fax: 0645-46222 Lhokseumawe Lhokseumawe Email: [email protected] Sumatera Utara RSU H. Adam Malik Jl. Bunga Lau No. 17 Medan Telp : 061-8360051, Fax: 061-8360255 3. Medan Email : [email protected] Jl. KS Ketaren 8 Kabanjahe Telp : 0628-20012, Fax: 0628-20012 4. RSU Kabanjahe Tlp : 0628-20550 Email : [email protected] RSUD dr. Djasamen Jl. Sutomo No. 230 P. Siantar Telp : 0622-22959 5. Saragih Jl. Agus Salim No.1 Tarutung Telp : 0633-21303, 20450 6. RSU Tarutung Kab.t Tapanuli Utara Email : [email protected] Jl. Dr FL Tobing No.10 Pd Sidempuan Telp : 0634-21780, Fax: 0634-21251 7. RSU Padang Sidempuan Email: [email protected] Sumatera Barat RSU Dr. M. Jamil Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan, Padang Telp : 0751-32371 Fax: 0751-32371 8. Padang Email : [email protected] Jl. Dr A. Rivai Bukit Tinggi 9. RSU Dr. Achmad Telp : 0752-21720 Fax: 0752-21321 Modchtar Email : [email protected] Riau Telp : 0761-21618, 23418, 21657 RSU Arifin Ahmad Jl. Diponegoro No. 2, Pekan Baru 10. Fax: 0761-20253 Pekan Baru Email: [email protected] Jl. Tanjung Jati No. 4 Dumai Telp : 0765-440992 RSUD Kota Dumai 11. Telp : 0765-440992 Email : [email protected] Nama RS Alamat Kontak Jl. -
A Note on the Sources for the 1945 Constitutional Debates in Indonesia
Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde Vol. 167, no. 2-3 (2011), pp. 196-209 URL: http://www.kitlv-journals.nl/index.php/btlv URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-101387 Copyright: content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License ISSN: 0006-2294 A.B. KUSUMA AND R.E. ELSON A note on the sources for the 1945 constitutional debates in Indonesia In 1962 J.H.A. Logemann published an article entitled ‘Nieuwe gegevens over het ontstaan van de Indonesische grondwet van 1945’ (New data on the creation of the Indonesian Constitution of 1945).1 Logemann’s analysis, presented 48 years ago, needs revisiting since it was based upon a single work compiled by Muhammad Yamin (1903-1962), Naskah persiapan Undang-undang Dasar 1945 (Documents for the preparation of the 1945 Constitution).2 Yamin’s work was purportedly an edition of the debates conducted by the Badan Penyelidik Usaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan (BPUPK, Committee to Investigate Preparations for Independence)3 between 29 May and 17 July 1945, and by the 1 Research for this article was assisted by funding from the Australian Research Council’s Dis- covery Grant Program. The writers wish to thank K.J.P.F.M. Jeurgens for his generous assistance in researching this article. 2 Yamin 1959-60. Logemann (1962:691) thought that the book comprised just two volumes, as Yamin himself had suggested in the preface to his first volume (Yamin 1959-60, I:9-10). Volumes 2 and 3 were published in 1960. 3 The official (Indonesian) name of this body was Badan oentoek Menjelidiki Oesaha-oesaha Persiapan Kemerdekaan (Committee to Investigate Preparations for Independence) (see Soeara Asia, 1-3-1945; Pandji Poestaka, 15-3-1945; Asia Raya, 28-5-1945), but it was often called the Badan Penjelidik Oesaha(-oesaha) Persiapan Kemerdekaan (see Asia Raya, 28-5-1945 and 30-5-1945; Sinar Baroe, 28-5-1945). -
Analisis Pemikiran Hazairin Tentang Negara Tanpa Penjara Ditinjau Dari Hukum Pidana Indonesia
ANALISIS PEMIKIRAN HAZAIRIN TENTANG NEGARA TANPA PENJARA DITINJAU DARI HUKUM PIDANA INDONESIA SKRIPSI Disusun Guna Memenuhi Tugas Akhir Mahasiswa Sebagai Syarat Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Hukum Pada Program Studi Ilmu Hukum Dosen Pembimbing : 1. Hj. Briliyan Erna Wati, S.H., M.Hum. 2. M. Harun, S.Ag., M.H. Oleh : BUNGAYANG ELOK NIM. 1502056026 JURUSAN ILMU HUKUM FAKULTAS SYARI‟AH DAN HUKUM UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI WALISONGO SEMARANG 2019 i ii iii MOTTO “Hai orang-orang yang beriman hendaklah kamu jadi orang-orang yang selalu menegakkan (kebenaran) karena Allah menjadi saksi dengan adil. Dan janganlah sekali-kali kebencianmu terhadap sesuatu kaum mendorong kamu untuk berlaku tidak adil. Berlaku adillah, karena adil itu lebih dekat dengan takwa. Dan bertakwalah kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah Maha Mengetahui apa yang kamu kerjakan.” (Q.S Al-Maidah: 8) iv PERSEMBAHAN Skripsi ini penulis persembahkan kepada : 1. Kedua orang tua saya Bapak Totok Pudjo Buntoro, S.T., Sp.1. dan Ibu Sri Mulyati Mamonto 2. Keluarga besar Soejatno dan Mamonto 3. Yang terhormat Ibu Hj. Briliyan Erna Wati, S.H., M.Hum. dan Bapak M. Harun, S.Ag., M.H. 4. Dan Almamater dan segenap Civitas Akademika Fakultas Syariah dan Hukum Universitas Negeri Walisongo Semarang. v vi PEDOMAN TRANSLITERASI Pedoman transliterasi Arab-Latin ini merujuk pada SKB Menteri Agama dan Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, tertanggal 22 januari 1988 No: 158/1987 dan 0543b/U/1987. A. Konsonan Tunggal Huruf Nama Huruf Latin Keterangan Arab Alif tidak dilambangkan tidak dilambangkan أ Bā' B Be ة Tā' T Te د Śā' Ś es titik di atas ث Jim J Je ج Hā' H ha titik di bawah ح ∙ Khā' Kh ka dan ha خ Dal D De د Źal Ź zet titik di atas ذ Rā' R Er ر Zai Z Zet ز Sīn S Es ش vii Syīn Sy es dan ye ش Şād Ş es titik di bawah ص Dād D de titik di bawah ض ∙ Tā' Ţ te titik di bawah ط Zā' Z zet titik di bawah ظ ∙ (Ayn …„… koma terbalik (di atas' ع Gayn G Ge غ Fā' F Ef ف Qāf Q Qi ق Kāf K Ka ك Lām L El ل Mīm M Em م Nūn N En ى Waw W We و Hā' H Ha ٍ Hamzah …‟… Apostrof ء Yā Y Ye ي viii B. -
Original Article Analysis Non-Poisson Systems Cases of Queuing
Vol. 10, No.1: 01 — 05 May 2021 DOI: 10.22487/25411969.2021.v10.i1.15452 Original article Analysis non-poisson systems cases of queuing passenger aircraft at Ahmad Yani Airport Dina Asti Prastiwi*, Sugito, and Puspita Kartikasari Department of Statistic, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Diponegoro University, Jalan Prof Soedarto, Tembalang 50275, Semarang, Central Java, Indonesia Keywords: Aircraft, Queue System, Abstract Non-Poisson, Normal Log, Logistic Aircraft are effective transportation compared to land and sea transportation. Logic This causes the growth of demand flow of movement, both passengers and Article history: aircraft each time period is always increasing. However, The issues that arise Received 09 March 2021 are the issues that arise. Meanwhile, the problems that occur are capacity Accepted 29 May 2021 building. Based on the description above, one example of a queue system that Published 31 May 2021 is often encountered in daily life is the transportation service system, for example the plane queue at Ahmad Yani International Airport. Based on observations made while boarding the plane, it is not according to the schedule, which is normal because of the arrival of the plane that is not on time. This causes the airport parking lot to be full or busy and can prevent the arrival of the aircraft. Related to the application of the queue method can overcome the difficulties in standing aircraft parking facilities at Ahmad Yani Airport in Semarang.The results analysis model data of passenger plane queue system at Ahmad Yani International Airport (G / G / 8) : (GD / ∞ / ∞). The non-poisson model of time distribution interval arrivals the normal log and * Coresponding Author : logistic distribution time, servers 8 with queue discipline use FIFO, unlimited [email protected] service capacity, and unlimited transfer resources. -
Legal Aid in the Future (A Development Strategy for Indonesia) Mulya Lubis
Third World Legal Studies Volume 4 Article 7 1-7-1985 Legal Aid in the Future (A Development Strategy for Indonesia) Mulya Lubis Follow this and additional works at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls Recommended Citation Lubis, Mulya (1985) "Legal Aid in the Future (A Development Strategy for Indonesia)," Third World Legal Studies: Vol. 4, Article 7. Available at: http://scholar.valpo.edu/twls/vol4/iss1/7 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Valparaiso University Law School at ValpoScholar. It has been accepted for inclusion in Third World Legal Studies by an authorized administrator of ValpoScholar. For more information, please contact a ValpoScholar staff member at [email protected]. LEGAL AID IN THE FUTURE (A DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGY FOR INDONESIA) Mulya Lubis* I. Introduction During the last ten years or so, legal aid has grown very rapidly in Indonesia. Indeed, the development of legal aid in Indonesia can be considered the most advanced in Asia.' Among ASEAN countries, the Jakarta Legal Aid Institute (Lembaga Bantuan Hukum or LBH) is viewed as a model to be followed. To that end, in 1981, ESCAP (the Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific) requested the Jakarta LBH to assist in the development of legal aid institutes in Thailand and Malaysia.2 LBH offices, sponsored by the Indonesian LBH Foundation, are frequently visited by various representatives of foreign legal aid organizations who wish to understand the progress of the Legal Aid Institute in Indonesia.' Such international recognition of' the LBH is gratifying. Yet we also wonder whether the legal aid movement has really developed all that well. -
SUMMARY ROUTE TOUR DE SINGKARAK RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kota Pariaman • (Start) Pantai Gandoriah – Terminal Dermaga (Water Front City) – Tugu Tabuik – Jl
SUMMARY ROUTE TOUR DE SINGKARAK RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kota Pariaman • (Start) Pantai Gandoriah – Terminal Dermaga (water front city) – Tugu Tabuik – Jl. M. Yamin – Jl. Imam Bonjol – Jl. Syekh Burhanudddin – Muaro Sunur – Pantai Kata Pariaman – Pantai Cermin – Pantai Gandoriah (1 Loop) – Kantor Pos Pariaman – Tugu Tabuik – Kantor Walikota Pariaman – Simpang Jaguang – Jembatan Kurai taji – Simpang Asoy – Jl. Raya Padang – Bukit Tinggi – Pasar Lubuk Alung – Sicincin – Kayu Tanam – Lembah Anai. RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kab. Tanah Datar • Lembah Anai – Padang Panjang – Batipuh – Simp. Kubu Karambia – Pariangan – Lima Kaum (Batu Batikam) – Pasar Batusangkar (Tembus Verboden) – Istano Basa Pagaruyung (Finish) RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kab. Pasaman • Kantor Bupati Pasaman (Start) – Tugu Imam Bonjol – Lubuk Sikaping – SMAN Tiga Pasaman – Tugu Adipura (2x Loop) – Polsek Lubuk Sikaping – Batas Kota Pasaman Timur – Bukittinggi – Bonjol Monumen Khatulistiwa – Polsek Bonjol – Palupuh Sipisang. RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kota Bukittinggi • Simp. Taman Tugu Pesawat – Jl. Bypass – Simp. Taluak – Jl.Jambu Air – Simp. Jambu Air – Jl. Sudirman – Simp. DPR – Jl. Panorama – Simp. Tembok – Jl. A.yani. Jam Gadang (Finish) RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kab. Lima Puluh Kota • Start – Air Terjun Aka barayun – Sarasah Buntah, melewati Jl baru keluar di Simpang Dinas Perikanan – Gerbang Luar Harau – Kelok Sembilan dan putar balik – komplek Kantor Bupati – Jl. Tanjung Pati – Simpang Empat Tanjung Pati – Batu Balang – Taram – lewat Pasar Taram – Andaleh, belok kiri arah Lintau, ikuti Jl, belok kanan arah Padan Mangateh – DENDIPUR – Simpang Tanjung Kaliang – Labuah Basilang, Simpang Empat Labuah Basilang belok kiri arah Polres – Limbukan – Kantor KAN Limbukan – Simpang Ngalau – Agam. RUTE TDS 2019 DI KABUPATEN / KOTA • Kota Padang Panjang • Dari Bukittinggi • Jl Raya Bukittinggi Padang Panjang – Jl. -
Peran Abri Sebagai Kekuatan Sosial Politik Pada Masa Orde Baru (1966-1997)
PERAN ABRI SEBAGAI KEKUATAN SOSIAL POLITIK PADA MASA ORDE BARU (1966-1997) SKRIPSI Untuk Memperoleh Gelar Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah pada Universitas Negeri Semarang Oleh Febrinita Dwi Istyaningrum NIM 3114000029 FAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL JURUSAN SEJARAH 2004 ABSTRAK Istyaningrum, Febrinita Dwi. 2005. Peran ABRI Sebagai Kekuatan Sosial Politik Pada Masa Orde Baru (1966-1997). Jurusan Sejarah Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Universitas Negeri Semarang. 86 halaman 12 lampiran. Kata kunci: ABRI, Sosial Politik, Orde Baru Bangsa Indonesia menyadari bahwa TNI yang terbentuk dari rakyat, oleh rakyat, dan untuk rakyat mempunyai arti penting bagi kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara. ABRI lahir dan dibentuk oleh rakyat Indonesia ditengah-tengah perjuangan nasional dalam merebut kemerdekaan dari penjajahan bangsa asing. ABRI lahir sebagai pejuang dan kemudian sebagai prajurit, bertekad untuk hidup dan mati dengan negara proklamasi 17 Agustus 1945 yang berdasarkan Pancasila sehingga keselamatan bangsa dan negara merupakan tugas dan tanggung jawab ABRI. Sesuai dengan latar belakang yaitu Peran ABRI Sebagai Kekuatan Sosial Politik pada Masa Orde Baru (1966-1997), maka tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sejrah terbentuknya ABRI, perkembangan Dwifungsi ABRI, dan peran ABRI dalam bidang sosial politik pada masa Orde Baru. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah menambah pengetahuan dan wawasan tentang sejarah ABRI, mengetahui perkembangan Dwifungsi ABRI, mengetahui peran ABRI dalam bidang sosial politik pada masa Orde Baru. Dalam mengkaji permasalahan dalam penulisan skripsi ini menggunakan metode penelitian historis dengan tahap-tahap yaitu heuristik, kritik sumber, intepretasi, dan historiografi. Sedangkan yang menjadi sumber dalam penelitian ini adalah sumber kepustakaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat diketahui bahwa sejarah perkembangan ABRI berawal dari lahirnya Badan Keamanan Rakyat (BKR) tanggal 22 Agustus 1945. -
Asas–Asas Hukum Adat
Modul 1 Asas–asas Hukum Adat Dr. Marhaeni Ria Siombo, S.H., M.Si. PENDAHULUAN ebagaimana diketahui Hukum Adat lahir, tumbuh, dan berkembang dari S masyarakat Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu hukum positif yang tidak tertulis. Hukum suatu bangsa merupakan gambaran atau cerminan dari budaya bangsa yang bersangkutan, karena hukum bagian dari kebudayaan. Dengan memahami Hukum Adat secara keseluruhan, diharapkan akan memperjelas pemahaman Hukum Adat sebagai salah satu aspek kebudayaan bangsa Indonesia. Masyarakat Indonesia merupakan masyarakat yang majemuk yang terdiri atas beragam suku, agama, budaya yang berbeda-beda, yang merupakan satu kesatuan dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Jauh sebelum kemerdekaan RI tanggal 17 Agustus 1945 masyarakat Indonesia tersebar di berbagai kepulauan dan tunduk pada hukum adat dan budayanya masing- masing. Van Vollenhoven dalam penelitiannya terhadap masyarakat adat di Indonesia, membagi masyarakat adat dalam 19 Lingkungan Hukum Adat yang hidup dan tumbuh di daerah-daerah di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, untuk dapat memahami Hukum Adat secara keseluruhan maka perlu terlebih dahulu mempelajari asas-asas atau prinsip-prinsip yang terkandung dalam Hukum Adat. Dalam Modul 1 ini akan diuraikan hal-hal yang berkaitan dengan asas-asas Hukum Adat, sehingga setelah mempelajari Modul 1 ini , Anda diharapkan dapat menjelaskan: 1. Istilah, Pengertian Hukum Adat, dan Unsur-unsur Pembentukan Hukum Adat; 2. Manfaat mempelajari Hukum Adat, dan dasar berlakunya Hukum Adat di Indonesia; 3. Corak dan Sistem Hukum Adat; 4. Masyarakat Hukum Adat di Indonesia. 1.2 Hukum Adat Kegiatan Belajar 1 Istilah, Pengertian, Manfaat, dan Dasar Berlakunya Hukum Adat A. ISTILAH DAN PENGERTIAN HUKUM ADAT 1. Istilah Istilah „hukum adat‟ adalah terjemahan dari istilah dalam bahasa Belanda ‘adatrecht’. -
Study of Kana (Canna Sp) and Butterfly (Bauhinia Purpurea) Plants As Leading Absorbents (Pb)
Atlantis Highlights in Engineering (AHE), volume 1 International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2018) Study of Kana (Canna sp) and Butterfly (Bauhinia purpurea) Plants as Leading Absorbents (Pb) Sunu Kuntjoro1, Fida Rachmadiarti2 Departement of Biology Universitas Negeri Surabaya Surabaya, Indonesia [email protected] Abstract—According to the Environment Project Agency Every single liter of gasoline that is burned if converted will (2007), about 25% of lead (Pb) remains in the engine and the emit 0.56 grams of Pb which is discharged into the air [1,13]. other 75% will pollute the air as exhaust fumes. Kana (Cana sp) The quality standard issued by the government regarding the and Butterfly plant (Bahuinia purpurea) are plants that are lead compound (Pb) contained in the vehicle is 0.013 grams / suitable for the needs of urban forest plants. Studies related to liter. The quality standard of lead (Pb) in air is 0.025 - 0.04 gr the potential of these two plants in absorbing heavy metals have 3 not been many. The objectives of this research were to: evaluate / Nm [14]. the ability of Pb accumulation on Kana and Butterfly leaves Characteristics included of soil weight, soil porosity, water exposed to motor vehicle emissions on jalan Ahmad Yani, level, soil texture and determination of soil class, while the Diponegoro and Wiyung, Surabaya, Analyze the relationship soil chemistry characteristics included of C-organic between lead Pb accumulated in Kana and butterfly leaves with compositions, Total-N, C/N ratio, organic matters and P Total chlorophyll content produced. The results of the study on Lead in soil, could be uses as recommendation in treatment of (Pb) levels on the leaves of Bauhinia and Canna exposed to motor continuously and safe environment of agroecosystem crop vehicle emissions on some of the highest roads in Surabaya are yield [12]. -
Indo 13 0 1107127212 183
DIVISIONS AND POWER IN THE INDONESIAN NATIONAL PARTY, 1965-1966* Angus McIntyre The principal division which split the PNI into two sharply opposed factions in 1965-1966 had its origins as far back as 1957, when the PKI made spectacular advances in large part at PNI expense in the 1957 regional elections in Java and South Sumatra. In Central Java, where the PKI supplanted the PNI as the region's strongest party (based on the 1955 general elections results) , the PNI reaction at the time was most outspoken. Hadisubeno, the regional party chairman, blamed the party's poor showing on its past association with the PKI1 and accordingly urged the party's central executive council to re view this relationship. He suggested that the party consider forming an alliance with the Masjumi (the modernist Islamic party) and the Nahdatul Ulama (NU, the traditional Islamic party).2 A conference of the Central Java PNI passed a resolution forbidding cooperation with the PKI.3 These acts were interpreted by many as a slap at President Sukarno,** who had made it increasingly clear in the preceding months that to oppose the PKI was to oppose him as well; however, the party's central leadership, no less hostile to the PKI, was unwilling to risk such an interpretation and thereby further impair its relations with Sukarno. Indeed, only a few months before, Sukarno had indicated strong displeasure with the PNI in his address to the party on the occasion of its thirtieth anniversary celebrations. He implied that PNI members had lost their commitment to the goal of a socialist or marhaenist5 society, the realization of which had been his very reason * The writer would like to express his gratitude to the Jajasan Siswa Lokantara Indonesia for providing him with the opportunity to con- duct research in Indonesia in 1966 and 1967 and to the Myer Founda tion for giving him financial assistance in 1967.