Fabulous Farm Stands

Home , Lincoln sheep, Pembroke cattle, Wensleydale sheep

The magazine of modern homesteading

& Small Stock Journal Volume 103 • Number 5 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 Fabulous Farm Stands

PlusAutumn Apple Recipes

RAISING A LOVE KEEPING THE BEST TILAPIA FOR MASON AND FARM WEAVING HONEY BEES DOGS

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1. A basketful of homemade cold-process soap. 2. Finnegan, the Clydesdale, visiting while porch sitting. 3. The Magpie ducklings 2 take a field trip outdoors. I was not raised in a farming family, nor was requirements of various plants, what properties make my husband. A life in agriculture and animal the foundation of good soil, succession planting timelines, composting and proper harvesting. Our husbandry was never even on my radar. I was first animals were ducks for fresh eggs and then a city girl at heart, owning and operating my own geese as their guardians. I took a beekeeping course graphic design business of 10 years, and we were New and started a small backyard apiary for fresh honey York City-bound. I had a vegetable garden where I and to host personal pollinators. Finally, my lifelong dabbled in growing a few herbs, lettuce, and tomatoes. dream of horse ownership came true — we brought I absolutely loved working edible plants into our in Clydesdales for plowing and tilling the land (and outdoor landscaping but that was the extent of my leisure trail rides too). We were finally a working farm. food production experience. I became pregnant and Little by little I continue to add more opportunities had my first child and this changed everything for me. for growth and accomplishment to our homestead I suffered from postpartum depression and and I strive to improve every skill with every season. questioned my current path; trying to balance client We now grow as much of our own produce as we design deadlines, raise my son, and maintain the can (including citrus and avocados within our home. It was a struggle. I wanted to play outdoors greenhouse). We tap our own maple trees for syrup and be fully present in my child’s life but the time and we harvest honey using both traditional and Flow just wasn’t there and instead I was parked behind Hive methods. Our horses just plowed the land for a a computer screen all day. I needed a change and backyard vineyard, and we’ve learned to create our decided it was time to close my business. I had my own kombucha, beer, wine and soap. And, of course, husband’s full support when it was time to trade in we have a small farm stand where we sell duck and my paycheck for homegrown food, my high heels goose eggs, produce and several other seasonal items. for muck boots, and a computer screen for a plot of I feel as though I’ve stumbled into this lifestyle or land. I was going to learn to farm and I was going to that it somehow chose me. But I take great pride in raise my children outdoors, alongside animals with learning self-sufficiency and teaching my children the freshest homegrown food I could provide them. to be stewards of the land. We have learned to live We’d renovated our own houses in the past with our by the seasons and to align ourselves with nature. bare hands so I was no stranger to manual labor. This We have created a life where we don’t yearn for is what I wanted to do. I spent nights and weekends vacations though we often end the day sore or pouring over books and videos despite the raised weary; having pushed ourselves to the boundaries eyebrows and questioning glances from my close of our minds and bodies. We have found our friends and family. I talked to experienced farmers and happiness in the challenges, chaotic routine, and I took a few classes. With every facet of homesteading sense of accomplishment that is homesteading. I learned about, I became more infatuated and I AM COUNTRYSIDE certain that this lifestyle was the right fit for our Follow Angela Ferraro-Fanning at Axe & Root Homestead young family. Axe & Root Homestead was born. on her homesteading journey: I started with produce and learned the nutritional instagram.com/axeandroothomestead

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 5 1. Both the horses and geese graze the lawn. 2. No matter how old or young, everyone harvests at the farm. 3. The new roadside farm stand built in the spring of 2019. 4. Hand-gathered and farm-fresh Cayuga and Pekin duck eggs. 5. Homegrown Glass Gem corn. 6. Welsh Harlequin and Cayuga ducks pause for a water break. 7. Sugar Baby watermelon is a favorite at our homestead. 8. Honeybees festooning (measuring for comb). 9. Camilla, our Sebastopol goose, leads her flock out of the coop. 10. Our home-tapped and bottled maple syrup. 11. Pekin and Crested Pekin ducks at about 12 weeks of age. 12. Working the honeybee hives. 13. Proudly harvesting potatoes. 3

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12 13 CONTENTS September/October 2019 IN EVERY ISSUE 84 Just for Fun 24 Raising Tilapia at Home 4 I Am Countryside 86 Almanack By Kenny Coogan 11 Editor’s Letter 90 Marketplace 30 How to Process a Deer By Ellen Grunseth 12 Country Conversation 92 Breeders Directory/Classifieds & Feedback BEEKEEPING HOMESTEADING 34 Keeping Both Mason Bees and 82 Capture Your Countryside 20 A Love for Weaving Honey Bees By Rebecca Sanderson By Rusty Burlew GROWING 38 48 38 Black Currants – America’s Forbidden Fruit By Patricia Baird Greene 42 Mullein: Not Just a Common Weed By Karin Deneke POULTRY 44 What Does a Chicken Coop Need for Fall? By Janet Garman 48 Weeding With Ducks By Angela Ferraro-Fanning

ANIMALS & LIVESTOCK 52 How Smart Are Pigs? By Tamsin Cooper 58 Becoming a Shepherd By Janet Garman 64 Goat School By Marissa Ames 68 Choosing the Best Farm Dogs for Your Farm 58 72 By Janet Garman

FARM TO F0RK 73 Apple Brownies and Apple Crisp By Becky Pederson 74 Farmhouse Apple Butter By Hannah McClure 75 Slow Cooker Apple Cider By Ann Tom HOMESTEAD HACKS 76 Apple Cider Vinegar Hacks By Jennifer VanBenschoten

ON THE COVER Lauren from Browning’s plans on using their rustic farm stand to bring fresh, local, cut flowers to Cynthiana, Kentucky. See more farm stand photos on page 16.

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Volume 103 • Number 5 September/October 2019

Countryside & Small Stock Journal Includes Small Stock Magazine Founded 1917 by Wallace Blair and Countryside Magazine Founded 1969 by Jd Belanger.

EDITORIAL Ann Tom, Editor [email protected] Steph Merkle, Content Director [email protected] Samantha Ingersoll, Marissa Ames Editorial Assistants Traci Laurie Publication Designer

CIRCULATION & MARKETING GENERAL MANAGER Ellen Grunseth, Marketing Director Mike Campbell [email protected] [email protected] ADVERTISING COUNTRYSIDE’S MAIN HOMESTEAD Alicia Soper, Advertising Director Countryside [email protected] P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 (715) 748-1388 iamcountryside.com Kelly Weiler [email protected] SUBSCRIPTIONS (U.S. FUNDS): (715) 748-1389 $24.99 per six issues Sue Lapcewich Countryside Subscriptions [email protected] 580 Mallory Way, Carson City, NV 89701 (970) 373-7301 (970) 392-4419

PRINTED IN THE U.S.A.

Countryside & Small Stock Journal (ISSN 8750-7595; USPS 498-940) is published bi-monthly by Countryside Publications, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451. Periodicals postage paid at Medford, WI and additional mailing offices. ©2019 Countryside Publications. Countryside Publications is owned and operated by Fence Post Co. The views presented here do not necessarily represent those of the editor or publisher. All contents of this issue of Countryside & Small Stock Journal are copyrighted by Countryside Publications, 2019. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited except by permission of the publisher. POSTMASTER: Send all UAA to CFS. (See DMM 707.4.12.5);

NON-POSTAL AND MILITARY FACILITIES: Send address corrections to Countryside Subscriptions, 580 Mallory Way, Carson City, NV 89701

Our Philosophy At Countryside, our purpose is to inspire self-reliant living on any level. We acknowledge that the path to self-sufficiency is as unique as the person who accepts the journey. We strive to strengthen the homesteading movement by sharing the diverse voices and knowledge of today’s practioners. We teach our readers how to grow and raise their own food; build, fix, and craft with their own two hands; and walk as gently on this planet as possible. Contact Us PHONE: (970) 392-4419 FAX: (715) 785-7414 ADDRESS: P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 ADVERTISING OFFICE: [email protected] EDITORIAL OFFICE: [email protected] CUSTOMER SERVICE/BOOK ORDERS: [email protected] iamcountryside.com 10 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL countryside :: a letter to readers

FROM THE EDITOR

With autumn just around the corner, it’s time tilapia are best to raise along with several other to start preparing the homestead for the dreaded tips to help you be a successful fish farmer. winter ahead. Your chicken coop will need to With autumn near, that means deer hunting season is have some special treatment to get ready for the near too! I so much enjoy the peacefulness of being in winter season. Janet Garman shares what she the woods awaiting a big buck to wander by. Although does in the fall to be sure her feathered friends I’ve never been in the right place at the right time to will have a safe and secure home for winter. bag a monster, I have had my share of luck in getting If you’re like me and have apples coming out several nice deer for the freezer. Ellen Grunseth joins of your ears, you will want to check out the Farm in on how to care for your game from field to freezer. to Fork section for some delicious ways to use up I want to thank each and every one of you who some of those extra bushels of fruit. Apple butter have sent letters or emails to share your ideas is a great way to preserve them and if you have and stories with me and your fellow Countryside a sweet tooth, the apple brownie and apple crisp readers. Each letter brings a smile to my face recipes are going to be right up your alley. and I appreciate them all! Keep ‘em coming! Have you ever thought about raising your I feel there’s a little something for everyone in own chemical-free fish? Kenny Coogan explores this issue of Countryside. I hope you enjoy reading a tilapia fish farm and includes which types of it as much as I did putting it all together.

Ann Tom Editor, Countryside

Countryside Editor Letter HAVE AN IDEA OR STORY TO SHARE, A P.O. Box 566 QUESTION TO ASK, PERHAPS AN ANSWER TO Medford, WI 54451 A QUESTION? WE WANT TO HEAR FROM YOU! Or email: [email protected] Country Conversation & Feedback Contact us at: P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451; [email protected]

In Response to May/June Editor Letter:

Bird Watching I just wanted to tell you how much I enjoyed your story about your dad and mom hunting and fishing. One day in early spring I spotted this Rufous I have four children, three boys and one girl. I taught hummingbird on my front porch so I ran outside my daughter to hunt and fish and clean her own and waited for about 30 minutes. Right before I game. I could not be prouder of her outdoor skills. You had decided to go back inside, the Rufous flew remind me of her. She is also an editor and publisher to the feeder so I quickly snapped a picture. of the oldest magazine in the USA — Hounds and It was a great day to see such a prized bird! Hunting magazine which started in 1916. Thanks so — Christian Maple, age 14 much for your magazine. Keep up the great work. — Charles

12 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL All problems exist in the absence of a good conversation."- Thomas Leonard

Hardwood Charcoal Update

In the July/August issue, on page 60, Romie Holl mentioned drilling 1/2 inch holes down one side of a barrel but did not give the spacing of the holes. How far apart did he drill the holes? Thank you for your help. — Leon Ogroske Hi Leon, I spaced them every six inches. Keeping them in a straight line is important so you can put the hole facing down. This way as the methane gas burns off, it travels up the side of the barrel to keep it hotter. — Romie Holl Not a Fan of Ethanol Fuel

I appreciated Jeremy Charter’s article, “The Best Fuel for Tools Doesn’t Come from the Pump” (May/ June 2019 issue); however, there’s still one issue “I just saw my photo of regarding small engines that remains unresolved: why can’t they make ethanol-compliant equipment? my two calves in the Ethanol has been widely available in my region for nearly 20 years (Missouri is a corn-producing state, newest magazine! I was so and had early mandates for 87 and 89 octane using ethanol), and in spite of knowing that ethanol is not excited when I turned the faring well in small engines, the manufacturers have yet to produce equipment that is resistant to it. By page! So exciting! contrast, the auto industry — no stranger to resisting change — upgraded their products to be ethanol- Thank you!!” compliant years ago. Maybe their business plan is to simply let customers use ethanol in their products — Eva, Montana so that replacement will happen prematurely. Prairie Girl Farm I’m no fan of ethanol fuel, but from a consumer standpoint, the manufacturers of outdoor power products simply need to step up. — Dennis Divine Joplin, Missouri

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 13 countryside :: conversation

I Knew What They Were Doing

Dad and Mother had one little girl, born February 13, 1917 and another little girl, me, born December 1, 1918. It was a rainy day, August 21, 1921. That afternoon my sister had gone home with an aunt to stay all night. I had wanted to go too, but my I’ve been a dad said I could instead go visit a neighbor, Mrs. Turner, who had two boys and a girl. Mom would get eggs from her when subscriber for many we had an old hen that we wanted to set. She also had a little orchard that I liked to go visit. It was milking time when Dad years and read each took me to Mrs. Turner. Dad said, ”You be good, Sister, I will be back soon.” The kids put their rubber boots on and found issue cover to cover. their milk pails. The biggest boy carried me out to the barn. He sat me down on some hay where they could see me and I I save all of my could see them. They sat down on their little stools and put a bucket under the cow they were going to milk. We all laughed issues and refer back when one of the boys hit a barn cat with a squirt of milk and the cat licked it off its face. We all went back to the house after to them often. Thank the cows were milked. The girl took me to the parlor room and stood me on a chair next to a tall music cabinet. She turned you for a great the crank on the other side. The record on top went round and round. She put the needle down easy and music came out publication! the front where cloth covered it. We then went to the kitchen where Mrs. Turner gave me a bowl of warm milk-toast. By then I was getting really tired so Mrs. Turner sat down — Gladys, Florida in her rocker with me and I must have gone right to sleep. Next thing I knew, it was morning and I was in my own bed, in my own house. But where was my mother? I found her! And there beside her was my brand new baby brother!

— Pauline McKenzie

Hello from Missouri

We have subscribed to Countryside for several years. I like the variety of articles and subscribers' contributions. I also like the acceptance of the different degrees, from totally organic or off-grid to somewhere in-between, even including city dwellers. We live in a rural area in central Missouri and grew up on small farms and as with many other baby-boomers, we learned many things that have stayed with us throughout our life and we have passed on to our children ... canning, gardening, the love of reading, etc. We no longer have cows or pigs. We do have chickens, Correction in the guineas, two cats, and a very spoiled dog. Sometimes even July/August issue: a couple of our grandaughter’s goats to enjoy and care for. My wife has several flower beds and we always plant It was brought to my attention that a photo flowers in the vegetable garden for the butterflies, birds, and our enjoyment. We try to raise vegetables for fresh use on page 35 in the “Growing the Best Herbs and sweet potatoes for winter use. We still occasionally can for Containers” was incorrect. The photo for our produce if we have a bumper crop. Our All-American sage was actually thyme. I apologize for the canner was purchased in the late 40s by my parents. error. Thank you for your time, — Editor — Marvin Bunch, Missouri

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We asked our Instagram audience to share their farm stand photos. The response was FARM STANDS overwhelming. Here are a few of our favorites!

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16 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL 4

1. Green Willow Homestead, run 4. This is our family farm stand, by Kelsey Jorissen, is a five-acre located in Birch Bay, Washington. permaculture farm in southeastern We opened our farm stand in June Wisconsin that sells pastured eggs, 2018 anticipating that it would heirloom popcorn, and organically be open for just the summer grown veggies all on the honor system season, but it's so popular we through the roadside farm stand. decided to leave it open year round! In addition to all the fresh Kelsey Jorissen, Franklin, WI berries and veggies we sell, we @kelseyjorissen also keep it stocked with fresh chicken and duck eggs as well as local cheese, honey, coffee, 2. Our converted bus shed has pickles, caramel sauce, and more! turned into the perfect roadside The farm stand operates on the spot to sell flowers, produce, and honor system and our incredible vintage vases on our five-acre community hasn't let us down yet! farm. We used old wood fencing as shelving, chalkboard signs, and we Bridgette DiMonda run everything on the honor system. Farm inquiries: 360-566-2181 @homefarmfamily Debra Norman, Dubach, LA @homefarmbirchbay @newlandcreekfarm

3. We created a DIY farm stand for our daughters to play in and one day sell flowers out of as we grow our Flower Farm. Completely made Check out our from scrap wood, a repurposed Instagram theme window, dollar store buckets, and of course, homegrown fresh of the week at: flowers for a finishing touch! instagram.com/ iamcountryside Breanne Burch, Alberta, Canada @burchacres

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 17 countryside :: question of the month

IN THE JULY/AUGUST ISSUE WE ASKED: WHAT GARDENING BLUNDERS HAVE YOU LEARNED THE HARD WAY?

fully netted. Yes, incredibly so, it is enclosed with the High Desert Gardening netting that is used at golf driving ranges. That means no critters … not even birds can enjoy my efforts, Having gardened at sea level (throw a seed and yet all of the pollinators are welcome! It had been watch it grow), at mountain high in the Rockies untended for upwards of two years; I was knee-high (7,400 feet — a true feat in itself), at low desert in weeds and the dreaded Tree of Heaven species (an (siesta time June, July, August due to intense oxymoron, indeed). I tilled a good 12 inches of this heat), and now in the high desert (4,500 feet on open space into 15 raised beds. My husband framed the cusp of the Chihuahuan Desert of Mexico and each bed six inches above ground with untreated the Sonoran Desert of Arizona), I must admit, if lumber while I mixed the native soil with eight yards I can’t have sea level, I’m staying right here. of high-grade compost. Every year gets easier by just My four-season hobby farm flourishes with pecans, adding fresh compost and manure. Life is good. apples, peaches, pears, plums, figs, pomegranates, Ingredient #2, water — this is truly where good grapes, blackberry, elderberry … just about anything planning and conservation methods pay off. We I try is happy to produce. My 15 raised beds average 11 inches of rain per year with the summer house all my vegetables and herbs. As one would rains coming with the monsoon sometime in June. expect, of the three key garden ingredients: soil, The irrigation system we devised was a lot of work, water, and sun — the latter is never a concern. but a MUST for success. Initially, I thought one Ingredient #1, soil, can be the biggest hurdle. Desert section of black irrigation tubing down the center of soil tends to be alkaline. What a gardener at this each bed would work. Oh no, I spent that summer elevation may find when establishing their plot is sand, watering the edges of each bed by hand. We now sandy loam, the dreaded caliche, or a mixture thereof. If have a shutoff at each bed feeding four lines with sand is all you have, it needs tremendous upgrade with 1GPH emitters. I spaced the emitters every six inches high-quality compost and lots of it. It must be “taught” on opposing sides of the tubing, along with a shutoff and encouraged to maintain water by adding water- to each line in each bed. How sweet it is … it works retaining elements. Sandy loam being most likely quite for conserving our most precious desert resource alkaline, needs tons of TLC with excellent compost. while nourishing a large variety of healthy crops. It is the easiest soil type to be brought up to garden An absolute must that goes hand-in-hand with quality. And (oh no!) the dreaded caliche, often found healthy plants in the desert is mulch. I always use running in “veins” through the terrain, is kindly called clean straw. It holds the moisture in the top layer of clay, but when discovered with your shovel acts just soil keeping roots cooler and moist. And remember, like concrete. Small spots of this rock-like substance can never overhead water — this fries the leaves in be dug out (with much effort), but in the case of large the hot sun.If you are a desert dweller, don’t be sections, the only solution is to completely remove faint-hearted — get out there and dig, compost, the caliche and replace it entirely with garden soil. plant, and water. The rewards are unbeatable! The 2,500 square foot garden area I inherited when I purchased this property came fully fenced and — Deborah J. Avery-Hargrove, Arizona

lean up against the house for cucumbers to climb Keeping Busy on. It works real good. Old cooking pots with holes punched in the bottoms make good, strong, flower In the gardening department, I now can enjoy your pots. Being born and brought up in New York, I magazine. For many years, farming and family have know all about the winters and snow. We had one taken up all my time. For several years, I’ve had of the former Borden Farms. A big, wonderful 250- seven cattle watering tubs with holes in the bottoms. foot by 75-foot barn and we worked 16 to 18 hours I fill them with dirt to plant anything I want to grow. a day. NO excuses. If you didn’t feel good, you They are seven-and-a-half feet long, 30 inches wide, worked it off. Now I can watch farming. No dairy. and waist-high. Being in northern Florida, I use them Beef, corn, cotton, and peanuts. Keeps me busy. all year round. Sometimes they need to be covered if we get frost. I also have a big, strong wire that I — Charlotte Dietrich, Florida

18 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Gardening in Terrible Places

I am 82 years old and have lived in terrible places for gardening over the years. Three things that are important are good dirt, water, and shade, depending on where you live. These things are what will make or break your success. I will tell you that I have experienced many failures because I did not know what was needed in an area. Out West, as you can guess, water is important and some areas are not fit to grow anything unless you change to raised beds or boxes with ways to shade your plants when temperatures reach above 80-90 degrees. Plants stop growing and go into a state of “sleep” until the temperatures go back down, at which time they will revive. In my area, I plant as early as possible. Out West, I planted the first part of January to beat the heat. I believe the cattle feeders are the best I have found for raised beds. They are on metal runners and can be moved to any place you like, which is better than most raised beds. I have several and are not very mobile once set up. Since these planters are of the right height, it is much easier for picking our veggies. The pictures show you can make modifications for hoops for shade or bird and insect control. The feeders cost $100 on Black Friday in my area of Tennessee. It takes six two-cubic-feet bags of dirt, chicken compost, and moisture control moss mixed in the dirt. The feeders are 10 feet long and two feet wide. I have seen some smaller five-feet-long feeders for folks with less space.

— Jack Hilt, Tennessee

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER QUESTION OF THE MONTH

MENTORS We all have someone who has advised us in some area of our lives — someone who we look up to. Who is/was your mentor and what have you learned from that person? Send your comments to: Countryside Editor, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 Or email to: [email protected]

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 19 homesteading :: weaving

A LOVE FOR

weavingBY REBECCA SANDERSON INDA JOHNSON WAS ALWAYS FASCINATED by looms. When visiting museums, she would Lstay by any displays with a loom, uninterested in much of the rest. As she researched her genealogy, she was unsurprised to find that both sides of her ancestry possessed weavers. When her youngest child finally left for college, she knew it was time to pursue her lifelong dream of learning to weave. With the purchase of a loom, she was on her way. When asked how long it takes to learn weaving, Linda says, “Well, I’m still learning! But, it probably depends on your instruction method. I first learned from a book which probably wasn’t the best method.” When Linda joined the (relatively) nearby Missoula Weavers Guild, her knowledge and progression went much further. She has learned that having someone to show the steps and give insights is infinitely more valuable than instructions in a book. One example of this was when she first attempted to weave linen. Her threads kept breaking almost faster than she could fix them, and when she presented this problem to the Weavers Guild, she was told that the threads were breaking because linen, which is made from flax fiber, dries out very quickly and shrinks when it does so. The simple solution was to keep a damp cloth covering her project, especially the warp, and to loosen the warp whenever she wasn’t actively working on it. Your warp is the threads or fibers that are held in tension by the frame, usually they run up and down on a vertical loom. The weft is the second thread or fiber that you weave through the warp. A shuttle holds the weft thread to easily move it through the shed, or Intricate patterns are created by Linda.

20 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "A countryman between two lawyers is like a fish between two cats." — Benjamin Franklin

The whole weaving process is very meticulous because even a small, simple mistake can be visible in the finished project.

space between warp threads. You may then use a heddle or beater to “beat” the weft in to make a tight weave. Part of what makes weaving No Time to Shear? take so long to learn is that there are so many options. There are Upgrade your ﬂock to many types of looms from small BARBADOS BLACKBELLY “card” looms that can literally be made from a playing card to ones HAIR SHEEP that reach your ceiling. You can SAVE TIME . SAVE MONEY . INCREASE PROFITS become a master at one form of weaving and still have much to learn in some of the other methods. For many, the hardest part of weaving is the preparation before you even begin. The loom has to be set up with the warp threads carefully placed with proper spacing and tension, taking care not to accidentally cross any of Yarn from Your Own Flock! them. You must have a plan of what • 35 lb. min. raw eece requirement you are going to weave, and have • Wool & Precious Fiber blends all the supplies. Peg looms can be GREENSPUN & Certied Organic processing prepped in about 30 minutes. The Putney Vermont whole weaving process is very 800-321-9665 • www.spinnery.com meticulous because even a small, [email protected] simple mistake can be visible in the finished project. An example of the typical time constraint of weaving is that it takes around 20 hours of work for Linda to make five towels. When Linda was asked if she had a favorite type of weaving,

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 21 homesteading :: weaving

Weaving has been a part of many cultures for thousands of years.

she responded, “Well, I haven’t looms that are available to you, discovered it yet.” She is often but kits are a good place to start. trying new sizes or types of They will come with a pattern looms. Although she may not and all the threads in the proper have a particular favorite, she amounts. A kit also is a good way does enjoy making baby blankets to be sure that the colors in a project and towels. She likes twill as a will look good together, and that pattern, and she prefers natural you aren’t going to have problems fibers for her threads. Her advice with different types of thread in a to those interested in weaving is project shrinking and pulling when to find someone in your area that washed. Another suggestion when already weaves and ask them if starting out in weaving is to look they would teach you. There are into buying a used loom. Some many aspects of weaving that are new looms can cost upward of a difficult to learn from a book, but thousand dollars. While buying most people who enjoy a craft on ebay or similar places may also enjoy teaching that craft to not guarantee all the necessary others. You will also have some parts to still be included, often absolute disasters in your projects, local weavers may be upgrading especially at first. If you are not their loom or ready to try out a FASTFENCE the type of person who can handle new method and are willing to Infoandbuynowat failing a few times, then this might sell their loom to make space. www.electricnets.com not be the craft for you. You may Weaving has been a part of many 800-356-5458 also find yourself overwhelmed cultures for thousands of years. by the sheer number of different Not only is weaving used to make projects, patterns, materials, and cloth for clothing, it has also been

22 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL used to make rugs, tapestries, sails Many of the old “rag rugs” that we for ships, and many other useful may remember at Grandma’s house materials. Cloth today is still made were woven using a loom. Whether by weaving, although it is done you want to weave cloth for industrially on looms larger than historical reenactment, meaningful some living rooms. However, it was gifts to others, or just as a hobby, still commonplace recently enough you may find joy in the patterning that women’s magazines in the and methodical motion of your 1930s and 1940s still had weaving shuttle moving through the shed. patterns as part of their material.

REBECCA SANDERSON grew up in a very small town in Idaho with a backyard full of chickens, goats, sometimes sheep and ducks, and other random animals in addition to the cats and dogs. She is now married with two little girls and loves the homesteading life! Her husband is very supportive (tolerant) of her continued experiments in making many items from scratch and he even helps sometimes.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 23 homesteading :: tilapia

The Benefits of Raising Tilapia AT HOME

BY KENNY COOGAN

HE BENEFITS OF RAISING TILAPIA are the second most farm-raised fish in the at home include food security, world, and the fourth most popular seafood Tensuring nutrient-rich, healthy, item consumed in the U.S. However, 75% fresh fish for your family and being able of tilapia consumed in the U.S. come from to provide a protein source with limited frozen fillets from China. Raising tilapia at space. Tilapia is sweet, lean, and sometimes home confirms you are eating fresh fish that advertised as a fish for people who don’t do not contain antibiotics or other chemicals. like fish due to its mild taste. When cooked, I recently traveled to South Africa and the fish has white flaky meat. The fish’s visited the Rydawi Fish Farms to learn attractive skin, which can span black, more about this African fish. Owner white, green, gold, or red, depending on David Fincham, who has been involved the species, should be presented while with hatcheries for 30 years, gave me serving a whole fish for plate appeal. a tour of his aquaponic system. His The three most popular species grown in above ground tanks produce 50,000 fish the U.S. are the blue tilapia which are cold- a month. That number supports their resistant, the Mozambique tilapia which own needs and the local communities. are popular due to their red skin color, and “During the past 30 years I can count on the Nile tilapia which grows quickly and my fingers and toes how many commercial produces high yields of emerald-green fish. fish farms have come up from Uganda A few years ago, a television doctor to Cape Town. We are talking about made the false claim that tilapia is worse feeding 500 million people and we can’t than bacon. The America’s Tilapia Alliance do that with 20 farms,” Fincham says. has been fighting that claim ever since. “Africa currently imports 35 billion U.S. Unfortunately, since the segment had a dollars in food annually and a lot of it is fish. provocative title, it received a lot of coverage. Ghana is on the coast and used to have the Tilapia range from one to two pounds. They largest man-made lake in the world, but now

24 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Tilapia are the second most farm-raised fish in the world, and the fourth most popular seafood item consumed in the U.S.

it imports $135 million worth of fish. Imagine what that does to a small economy. It’s a killer.” In addition to farming tilapia naturally, Fincham’s company focuses on local and regional business. To help the economy and the people, he offers training sessions on the farm, which emphasizes hands-on skills. His farm does not use hormones or antibiotics. In the wild, tilapia are herbivores and on the farm, they are fed a fairly natural pelletized diet. By purchasing his setup, soon- to-be farmers can assemble his Separating eggs and fry from the parent stock system in the morning and start research. “If we are going to is crucial. Raise the fry until they are fingerling farming fish by the afternoon. feed millions of people, we are size before adding them to a grow-out tank. He tells me that his system will going to need millions of fish. teach them everything they will Simple math. We can’t just keep need except for treatment and hauling fish out of the sea.” identification of diseases. “Hands-on farming teaches HOW TO RAISE TILAPIA FISH you the honest truth.” He The best way to calculate adds, “We keep the systems your equipment needs is to very simple because Africa is figure out how many fish you a complicated continent.” are going to eat or sell in a year. This particular site has become Mark Kehrli, owner of Lakeway a University of Johannesburg Tiliapia, says that a one-pound aquaculture laboratory. Rydawi tilapia will yield 30% edible Fish Farms are working with meat after deboning. Lakeway the university to attract skills Tilapia, located in Rutledge, into the industry and develop Tennesse, sells tilapia fingerlings,

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 25 homesteading :: tilapia

Dissolved oxygen is the biggest limiting factor for how many fish you can raise.

fry, breeding colonies, and tilapia food for backyard hobbyists up to commercial scale operations. To start raising tilapia at home you may imagine building a pond. In addition to planning for pond size, stocking density, and nutrient management in your farm pond management plan, make sure to consider temperature. Temperature impacts dissolved oxygen and dissolved oxygen is the biggest limiting factor for how many fish you can raise. “Stocking density is determined by oxygen uptake,” Kehrli explains. Blue tilapia, for example, can’t breathe in stagnant water and require 7 ppm of dissolved oxygen. Whereas Nile tilapia have excellent tolerance to low dissolved oxygen content and can survive in an environment as low as 3 ppm. This means you can raise double the amount of Nile tilapia compared to blue in the same amount of space. “This makes Nile tilapia excellent candidates for farming in earthen ponds with lots of decomposing organic material and oxygen-consuming phytoplankton,” Kehrli says on his website. A simple aquarium test kit will tell you what your water parameters are. Incorporating a cascade, waterfall, fountain, or similar device to break the water surface will help increase oxygen levels. For those who don’t have space for a pond, Kehrli tells me that a 4x8x2.25 feet lined plywood trough will hold 144 pounds of fish. It takes six months to raise them to harvesting size, regardless of setup. So in a year, you can harvest 288 pounds of fish in that small backyard-suited space. South Africa can get cold. At Rydawi Fish Farms their If you are willing to do daily water changes, tilapia grow-out tanks are located in heated greenhouses. If the do not need filtration. Replace 10-20% of the water environment is heated, the water doesn’t need to be. daily with water that is comparable to the tank’s pH, salinity, chlorine, and metal levels. Treat the water to remove chlorine and heavy metals prior to adding it to your system. The water you are draining can be put

26 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL

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directly on food crops or stored for later use in traditional vegetable gardening. “Filtration doesn’t remove pollution, it only traps it,” Kehrli says. Having a fine particle filter will trap dissolved solids, which can stretch the time you need to perform a water change. Clean your filter pads often to prevent bacteria buildup. Farm raised or backyard raised fish are as healthy as the inputs you provide to them. With over-fishing depleting the global fish stocks, an increase in the human population, and more concern about food security and quality, raising tilapia at home can be a sustainable solution.

KENNY COOGAN is a food, farm, and flower columnist. Coogan leads workshops about owning chickens, vegetable gardening, animal training, and corporate team building on his homestead. Top: At Rydawi Fish Farms there are dozens of workers passing dozens of tanks His newest gardening book 99 ½ Homesteading daily. Having a visual board that measures the day’s feedings, oxygen levels, Poems: A Backyard Guide to Raising Creatures, and temperature is an easy way to track the tank. Every month the data is Growing Opportunity, and Cultivating Community transcribed into a computer program to see what has been the most successful. is now available at kennycoogan.com. Bottom: Once you master tilapia aquaponics, you can expand that knowledge to ornamental fish like koi.

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 29 homesteading :: deer processing

How to Process a Deer

Knife Safety Tips and Keeping Your Blades Sharp and Ready

BY ELLEN GRUNSETH

EER HUNTING AND PROCESSING has been a family tradition for as Dlong as I can remember. As kids, my brother and I would joke that this was our family’s “quality time.” Today, I am grateful for the knowledge and experience as I pass the tradition on to my children and teach them how to process a deer. After harvesting and field dressing the deer, we bring the animal home for processing. We hang it from its hind legs — high enough off the ground that the animal can’t be reached by our barn cat. If the weather is 32 degrees or lower, it can hang for a week. A cold deer is harder to skin and will add time to the overall processing. My husband prefers to skin the animal as soon as possible. He starts by making a slit in the hide on the inside of the back legs, up to the knee. Then, going around the knee, he pulls down on the skin. He works from top to bottom to avoid getting hair on the meat. After the animal is skinned, he removes the loins which are located along the backbone — from the neck until just about to the hind quarters. He makes a cut along the backbone first, then starting from the top and working down, peels the loins out. This process works much better when the deer is warm. It involves more knife-work and finesse when the deer has been hanging for a while. He quarters the animal and brings it into the house. If we can’t get to it right away, we put the quarters into the refrigerator to work on when time permits.

30 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Deluxe Sharpening BEFORE DEBONING to be used. Using extra force THE QUARTERS increases your odds of slipping Make sure your work surface and hurting yourself/others. System and tools are clean. It is helpful if Keep your knife clean and oiled. The legendary Lansky the cutting area is at the correct Especially folding blades. Corrosion height to avoid getting a sore back can cause steel to weaken and can Controlled-Angle System from hunching over your task. affect the knife’s cutting ability. ensures that your knife edge Have a separate work area for Knife storage is also important. is sharpened to the exact wrapping the completed roasts A knife is not currently in use, it bevel you specify. and steaks. It is best to have one should be sheathed or folded. A person designated to this position fixed blade should not be stored if possible. Freezer tape and paper in its sheath for long periods need to stay clean to work best. of time (one month+) because Have cutting boards set out and this can cause corrosion. sharpen all knives ahead of time. HONING VS. SHARPENING KNIFE SAFETY TIPS Sharpening is defined by the act When I learned how to process a of taking material away from the deer, the first rule was to cut away edge of the blade. Usually, this from yourself. The lesson that needs is accomplished by “grinding” to be taken away from this age- the edge of a knife against an old rule is to be mindful of where appropriate sharpening stone your blade is moving and where or apparatus. The process of the edge will end up if you slip. sharpening includes setting Always hand a blade handle an edge’s bevel so that both first and edge facing up when sides meet evenly to form a Learn more at passing a knife to someone. proper symmetrical edge. A dull knife is far more dangerous The best angle for sharpening lansky.com than a sharp knife. Dull knives knives is a 20-degree angle. It won’t bite into material and are provides an excellent edge for Call 800-825-2675 liable to slip when cutting. Also, kitchen cutlery and fillet knives for a FREE catalog dull knives need extra force which work best when processing

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 31 homesteading :: deer processing

“Rule of Thumb” Ideas 1. Make sure to have a knife sharpener handy. Accidentally cutting into the bone or cutting board can take the edge off.

2. Having the meat cold (but not freezing) makes handling the meat and trimming it much easier. meat. It is commonly used meat pile. The same with the ribs. for higher quality blades, and Some people keep the ribs intact to 3. Deer fat and tallow will possibly the most often used. grill. We take the scrap meat off the Honing is really just the process bones. Processing your own deer carry a “wild” taste when of preparing and maintaining an gives you the option to make the cooked. We remove all fat already sharp edge. As you polish cuts you and your family like best. and tallow from the meat out the rough surface of the edge In the past, I have canned small and slowly work the wire edge pieces of cleaned venison left after we are processing. This is into a more durable state you are cutting the roasts to the desired easy with a sharp knife and making your blade more efficient. size. The processing time with the cold meat. pressure cooker adds significant HOW TO DEBONE A DEER time to processing the deer, but First, determine if you have a in the long run, makes for a very 4. If there is something on front or back quarter. Front quarters quick meal on those busy nights. the meat that you wouldn’t have a shoulder blade that you Recently, however, my family has want to see when you thaw will have to cut along. You want to started grinding the meat, mixing get your knife as close to the bone it with seasoning, and making and cook it months from and shoulder blade as possible, seasoned burgers. We have used now, cut it off. without cutting into them, as straight venison, which can be that will make your knife dull. slightly dry when cooked. Another 5. Depending on what you Front shoulders have a lot that variation is to add about 50% needs to be cut out, lending itself ground pork to the ground venison want your end product to to more scrap meat than roasts. and seasonings to make the burgers. be, cut the cleaned meat Hind quarters have less bone and Processing a deer yourself into the desired size. We tendons to negotiate. And, if you can be very rewarding when study the meat, you can see where you open your freezer or pantry typically try to save as the muscles come together to form and see the results of your many roasts as possible. natural places to cut — giving you labors in front of you. Anything too small to nice sized roasts to wrap and freeze. Trickier sections to clean are the ELLEN GRUNSETH has been be a roast will be used ribs and neck. Some people prefer part of the Countryside family for for canned venison or over 20 years. When she is not in to make a roast from the neck. As front of her computer, she enjoys hamburger later on. my family appreciates more canned hunting, gardening, and watching venison and hamburger, we clean her kiddos from the bleachers at various sporting events. the meat and put it in the scrap

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 33 beekeeping :: mason and honey bees "Do not fear failure but rather fear not trying.” — Roy T. Bennett

Keeping Both Mason Bees & Honey Bees BY RUSTY BURLEW

N ORDER TO UNDERSTAND THE ANSWERS to these questions, it helps to know something Iabout the biology of both types of bees. Honey bees are great pollinators, but they have some drawbacks when it comes to fruit tree pollination. Many people, especially those Originally, honey bees evolved in warm climates, but they gradually spread further and further with fruit trees to pollinate, north as people fell in love with their honey. They eventually made their way to Northern Europe want to keep both mason bees and, later, they were shipped to the New World. and honey bees in the same HONEY BEES ARE HEAT LOVERS yard. But is that good for the Even though most of this migration was in the distant past, honey bees have retained their preference bees? Will they harm each for warmth. They do not fly on cold days nor on cloudy mornings. As a result, they are often useless other or compete for resources? for pollinating fruit trees and other early flowering How close is too close? plants. On the other hand, many native bee species take cold weather in stride and work the fruit blossoms while the honey bees are still holed up inside. You can imagine the honey bees sitting by the fire, drinking hot chocolate, and complaining about the weather! Mason bees (genus Osmia) are often used for fruit

34 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "Do not fear failure but rather fear not trying.” — Roy T. Bennett

tree pollination because they are early bees that nest and mason bees is their taste for sugar. Since honey in cavities such as reeds and straws. Mason bees are bees must make honey, they seek out nectar that is efficient pollinators that can be easily propagated, very high in sugar. For example, nectar can be 60% moved, and stored. But don’t let the name sugar (some canola varieties) or as low confuse you. While there is just one as 4% sugar (some pear varieties). species of honey bee in North America, That means there is 15 times more there are over 140 species of Osmia. sugar in the canola flowers than Some are spring bees and some are in the pears! Which would you summer bees, and some are limited rather use to make honey? to certain areas of the continent. Mason bees and What that means to the orchardist is that even on a DIFFERENCES IN honey bees are not warm day, the honey bees LIFESTYLE will probably ignore your The mason bee’s indifference antagonistic. pear trees. Mason bees, on the to cold and cloudy weather means other hand, don’t make honey. they forage earlier in the morning Since they use nectar solely for and later in the evening than honey drinking, they are perfectly happy bees. In addition, they forage on with a low-sugar beverage as they those cold, overcast days when the collect pollen for their young. honey bees refuse to go outside. This The third major difference is life adds up to many, many hours, especially span. Adult mason bees and honey bees in the early spring when fruit trees need attention. both live about four to six weeks in the spring A second major difference between honey bees and summer months. But after that period, the

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Adult mason bees and honey bees both live about four to six weeks in the spring and summer months. But after that period, the adult masons die and their brood overwinters in a cocoon until spring.

adult masons die and their brood overwinters than that. On the other hand, mason bees usually in a cocoon until spring. The honey bee colony, forage in a much shorter radius, 200 to 300 feet, at however, keeps producing new bees to replace the most. Distance to the food source is a much bigger old ones, so the colony remains active all season. issue for the mason bees than the honey bees. In addition, mason bees need to be near a source of LIFESTYLES CAN RESTRICT COMPETITION water and a supply of mud. If one of their supplies These three differences — cold tolerance, taste for is a long way off, the mason bees waste time. You sugar, and active period — explains why want them pollinating your trees, not your mason bees and honey bees may flying around looking for mud and not actively compete with each other. water, so keep these resources close In cold years, the mason bees can to their nesting area. I once dug complete their adult phase before a hole to plant a bush and filled the honey bees even begin their the hole with water. As the work for the year. In warm Mason bees need to water drained away, dozens years, the honey bees will of mason bees dove into the most likely ignore some be near a source of hole and began scraping of the fruit trees, leaving the sides, collecting globs plenty for the masons. water and a supply of mud. Now I do this on Remember, the best plants for purpose and it works great. mason bees may not necessarily of mud. So to help your masons, be the best plants for honey bees. place their nesting tubes as However, not all fruit tree close to the crop as possible. If nectar is low in sugar. Most you want them to pollinate a fruit honey bees are happy to pollinate tree, you can place the nests directly cherry and apple trees, in which case under the tree. Conversely, locate there might very well be competition. your honey bees' hives further away. This is offset somewhat by the fact that mason Obviously, the honey bees can still get to the trees, bees start foraging earlier in the day, which gives but the mason bees have an advantage because they them an advantage in the cool morning hours. don’t have to waste time traveling to and fro. In cases where you have warm weather and high- sugar nectar, the honey bees will probably outcompete RUSTY BURLEW is a master beekeeper in Washington the mason bees. Although masons are quick and State. She has been fascinated by honey bees highly efficient, honey bees make up for it in sheer since childhood and, in recent years, has become numbers. So how can you help your mason bees? enthralled with the native bees that share pollination duty with honey bees. She has an undergraduate GIVING MASON BEES A LEG UP degree in agronomic crops and a master’s degree in environmental studies with an emphasis on pollination To lend your bees a hand, it helps to look at another ecology. Rusty owns a website, HoneyBeeSuite.com, difference between mason bees and honey bees: and is the director of a small non-profit, the Native Bee foraging distance. Honey bees can easily forage for Conservancy of Washington State. In her spare time, food in a two- or three-mile radius of their hives. Rusty enjoys macro photography, gardening, canning, In times of dearth, they often travel much further baking, and quilting.

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 37 growing :: black currants

BLACK CURRANTS AMERICA’S DELICIOUS FORBIDDEN FRUIT

BY PATRICIA BAIRD GREENE

E WERE BUYING BABY FRUIT TREES yard outside the garden fence. We fertilized them at at our local nursery one spring, seven first, but there they lived pretty much on their own and Wyears ago, and were excited about outside our scope of serious attention for four years. starting a small orchard on our 10-acre homestead. One midsummer I suddenly realized that the As we loaded apple trees, pear trees, and hardy scrawny shoots had filled out into bushy greenery peach trees, the salesman said, “Hey, how about almost as tall as I was. Our little orphans were so full I throw in a couple of these — for free?” of clusters of large black berries that the branches, We’d never before seen the scrawny little bushes, which generally shoot skyward, were bending over. really just a few branches each. For the first time, I popped a few ripe berries into We asked, “What are they?” my mouth. Whew! Intense! Kind of pleasantly sour “Black currants,” he explained to only vague and interestingly tart and tangy, but not bitter. It recognition on our part. was definitely a unique rich new taste that I labeled We assumed he had an over-abundance of some odd earthy, sort of mouth-puckering. So far, the two unpopular thing he’d ordered and we took them home. burgeoning bushes had been immune to diseases They sat out in the yard for a month while we got and insects and quite able to take care of themselves the fruit trees and veggie garden planted and only — a definite plus on our busy homestead. occasionally remembered to wonder where we would I hurried inside to research black currants, about plant the currants. Finally they came to rest in an which I knew nothing about and was surprised to learn unused, not even particularly fertile, sunny part of the that they have four times the vitamin C of oranges

38 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "Don't judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant. " — Robert Louis Stevenson

and two times the antioxidants of and were a threat to the timber blueberries! Jam seemed one easy industry. In most states, the ban way to preserve them. If frozen has been lifted, though in several they have a shelf life of six months; (including mine!) it still exists, or three months if stored in the fridge. you are required to get a permit to One good thing about currants: grow them. Check online to find their pH is so high it prohibits all out. However, I would suspect bacterial formation. I also found that if you only have a bush or recipes for drinks and wines. three, the Currant Police are not The next morning we mixed the about to swoop down on you! berries with yogurt for our cereal. Greg Quinn, now of New York’s Sweetened was best, unless you’re Hudson Valley but formally of the a sour freak! In our jam, we use New York Botanical Gardens, is organic sugar. I also found out that the current Currant Guru. In 1999, A full berry harvest! until recently, currants were the he helped overturn the national outlaws of the American edible ban on currants and now has the plant kingdom. Back in the 20th only dedicated currant farm and century, there was a complete ban nursery in the U.S. at his farm on growing currants here due called CurrantC. They market their to the belief that they harbored currants in many different forms, the white pine blister fungus including frozen, concentrated,

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 39 growing :: black currants

Photo from UMass Extension

Above: Clusters of large black berries. nectar, and effervescent immune- of feeder fertilizer with the nutrients Right: Black currant leaf showing enhancing tablets with echinacea. nitrogen, phosphorous, potassium, white pine blister rust. In Europe, black currants have magnesium, and calcium, and to long been popular and their flavor spread organic mulch around them. is even used in candies. They are The fruit is produced on one- native to the central and northern year-old shoots, so prune them countries there. They prefer damp, at first to give the plant time to fertile soils, are winter hardy, get properly established before and both fruit and foliage have putting its energy into producing uses in traditional medicine and fruit. Generally, when pruning, in producing deep-hued dyes. remove all weak shoots and those They are not very tolerant that are growing sideways. Thin of drought or surprise frosts, any old unproductive branches so desert dwellers or far north thereby encouraging new shoots. neighbors might not fare so well You can remove up to one-third with currants, though here in New of the branches each year, but as Hampshire they seem to thrive. I’ve tried to indicate, we have If you want to be proper about it, found that these plants have a they are supposed to be set about will to live and are not picky five feet apart, but our two sisters queen bees. Of course, commercial were planted only about two feet harvesting is done mechanically, apart and they still seem to enjoy but as you see from our photos, each other. It’s best to use some sort currants are so gloriously prolific

40 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Get Inspired! SIMPLE BLACK CURRANT JAM This is a tart, rich preserve that sets well and is so easy you hardly need Pomona’s Pectin a recipe. You will need a sugar thermometer and small glass canning jars Make healthy, fruity jam with with lids boiled in water to sterilize. low amounts of any sweetener. Use one pound of black currants, one pound of granulated No sugar, preservatives, or caster sugar, and the juice of two lemons. or GMOs. At natural food stores or Place berries in a saucepan, cover with water and bring to a boil. www.pomonapectin.com 559-760-0910 Simmer gently for about 20 minutes until the fruit is very Countryside - The Answer 2015.qxp_Layout 1 4/29/1 soft and pulpy and the liquid is almost gone. Stir occasionally. The Answer Add the sugar and lemon juice, bring to a boil and cook until the mixture reaches 220 degrees F “There is definitely a part of you that is superior to all confusion and on a sugar thermometer. that part is superior to it right now.” Leave to cool for a few minutes, then pour This is one response to a number of questions asked by a professional into hot, clean jars and seal immediately. counselor of Vernon Howard. There are five special letters giving numerous insightful answers to life’s perplexing problems. The letters are of a very lofty nature which will lead you to a much higher way of living. Order this booklet by Vernon Howard today! Send only $5 (Shipping included) to: New Life • PO Box 2230-AP • Pine AZ 85544 www.anewlife.org

that one homesteader will harvest are not usually a serious problem a basketful rather quickly and and now Canadian research has find it hugely satisfying. produced varieties that are immune The only disease in America we to white pine blister. You could have to worry about is the white ask about this when buying. pine blister rust which causes the Black currants can easily be currant leaves to become pale dried. There is a British drink and develop tiny orange pustules called Ribena you may find in the and sometimes a yellow coating. import section of a grocery store. Severely infected plants should be Black currant seed oil contains burned. If you have white pines an omega-6 fatty acid that helps nearby, it can possibly, but not ease inflammation and soreness. likely, cause disease and mortality Black currant juice is known to in the trees. So simply don’t decrease plaque buildup and plant them under a white pine. lower blood pressure. Currant leaf spot or leaf midge,

PATRICIA BAIRD GREENE has been an off-grid homesteader and gardener in New Hampshire for more than nine years — and still learning and experimenting with simple ecological systems. She is also an activist on many fronts and a writer of novels for young adults and adults. Visit her website at: patriciabairdgreene.com

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 41 growing :: mullein

MULLEIN NOT JUST A COMMON WEED

BY KARIN DENEKE

OU WILL FIND THIS WOOLLY-LEAFED, of these mountain meadows. On the contrary, it tall-stemmed biannual, along roadsides, stuck out like a sore thumb. It took a while before Yin meadows, and riparian corridors I figured out how the plant became established. throughout the United States and Canada. For maintenance purposes, road-base, unfortunately During the summer months it is impossible containing weed seeds, had been trucked in from a to overlook these large plants, bearing spikes of much lower high desert elevation. I spotted a few densely distributed yellow flowers — towering tumbleweed plants emerging as well between the above most vegetation. Mullein is the common mullein — these however never reached maturity. name for this quickly-spreading plant, classified A fully developed mullein plant can produce in most states as a noxious weed. However, between 100,000 to 180,000 tiny seeds. These seeds mullein is not just a weed, it is also an herb. could lie dormant for years, until conditions become Early European settlers introduced mullein to just right for germination. That explains how a mullein North America. Seeds collected in their native infestation can suddenly spoil a perfect environment. countries were planted in the gardens of their new The mullein plant is attractive during its flowering homesteads along with other beneficial plants stage, but by the end of the growing season when used in herbal medicine. Mullein tea has the tall dry stalks with attached seedpods remain in a reputation to treat various nonviral illnesses. given area, it becomes unsightly. I found a perfect There is also a practical use for mullein, which in use for these ugly stalks littering mountain meadows Latin is termed mollus — meaning soft. Its felt-like near my home. Always in need of fire starter for my leaves, covered with tiny gray hair, are soft to the touch wood stove during the cold months, I collect these and have earned the nickname “cowboy toilet paper!” by the bundle. It requires a sharp garden tool to Candlewick plant (another name for mullein) refers to snip off the woody stems that ignite quickly with lamp wicks made from mature dry stalks and leaves. their oil-containing seedpods. A great addition And then there is the term “torch plant,” because to my kindling supply, and a perfect solution for the dry stalk (with attached seed pods) becomes a cleaning up neighboring undeveloped properties. torch when dipped in suet or wax and then lit. When an invasion of mullein occurs in a given King's candle, or koenigskerze in the German environment, it is not too noticeable for the first language, describes the tall plant very well. Often, in year. Being a biannual species, the plant completes ideal locations, mullein will develop branches reaching its biological life cycle by the end of the second out from the main stem, thus resembling a candelabra! growing season, compared to perennials which In my subalpine neighborhood, mullein plants come back for two or more years. The fuzzy, appeared suddenly along roadsides and in grassy attractive leaves emerge in spring and spread low areas. I knew mullein did not fit in with the flora to the ground in a rosette pattern. The mullein

42 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL When collecting mullein for making teas or infused oil, make sure the growing sites have not been contaminated with pesticides. Refrain from gathering leaves or flowers near roadsides or highways.

The yellow flowers with their faint honey-like odor are known to attract beneficial insects such as bees and butterflies. leaves grow larger during the warm months, then turn dormant when temperatures drop. The best time to combat this biannual invasive species is during the first year of emergence. The following year, the plant brings forth (from the middle of the leaf rosette) a tall stem covered with buds that develop into yellow flowers and eventually produce thousands of seeds. By fall time of the second year, the flower-bearing stalks of the plant mature, and you wind up with extremely tough and fibrous stems that can unfortunately survive many seasons. On my own property, I am at war with mullein, pulling the taproots of young plants MULLEIN TEA or removing these with a digging tool to avoid 1-2 tsp dried mullein leaves or flowers next year’s flowering and seed development. 1 tsp dried spearmint for flavor Despite its reputation as a fast-spreading noxious 1-2 tsp raw honey weed, there is a beneficial side to this biannual — the Boil the water, steep the leaves for 15 minutes. very reason early settlers brought its seeds to our Add spearmint for flavor, steep another 5 minutes. shores. Mullein is known for its healing properties Add honey to sweeten. — to help treat infections such as coughs, colds, and sore throats. In the manufacturing industry it is used MULLEIN INFUSED OIL as a flavoring ingredient for alcoholic beverages. Dried mullein flowers Extra virgin olive oil Glass jar Place dried flowers into jar and pour oil to cover. KARIN DENEKE has a background in soil science and Leave in dark, cool place for 4-6 weeks. is an advocate of the USDA Soil Survey. She resides Strain oil repeatedly and then store in a clean jar. at 9,000 feet in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains of Colorado in an energy efficient, passive solar/ Use for common skin conditions, cuts, scrapes, hybrid home, constructed with a Douglas fir timber sunburn, and joint inflammations. frame, stuccoed exterior straw bale walls, and interior adobe walls separating the individual rooms. It is advisable to consult with your healthcare provider before using herbal remedies, most importantly if you are on certain prescription medications.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 43 poultry :: chicken coops

WHAT DOES A CHICKEN COOP NEED FOR FALL? HOW TO GET YOUR CHICKEN COOP READY FOR FALL AND WINTER

BY JANET GARMAN

hat does a chicken coop need for the cold weather? Now is the time to start Wpreparations before the weather turns bad. With the proper preparations, backyard chickens usually weather the winter quite well.

HELPFUL NUTRITION FOR THE MOLT AND WINTER When do chickens molt? The answer is fall and this molt hopefully draws to an end before the winter cold temperatures arrive. Feeding your chickens healthy, high-protein, and vitamin- packed treats during the molting time will help when getting ready for fall and winter. Pumpkins are a great source of both high- quality vitamins and extra protein in the seeds. Omega-3 fatty acids, beta carotenes, vitamins C, D, E, and the B complex vitamins make this a superfood to feed to your flock. Mealworms are always a welcome treat and these little goodies are bringing a protein punch. Great for helping your chickens recover quickly after a hard molt and a great training tool. Chickens will cooperate better when mealworms are involved! Seed blocks, peanut butter treats, and other commercially available boredom busters are good to keep on hand for times when the chickens have to be cooped up. If you don’t normally purchase scratch grain, fall and winter are a good time to have some on

44 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “I was never really insane except upon occasions when my heart was touched.” —Edgar Allan Poe

hand. Scratch grains help increase care of building maintenance the chicken’s body temperature during a winter storm. while being digested. I feed a Clean the chicken roosting small amount to my flock in the bars and treat with DE evening during cold weather to powder (diatomaceous earth). help them keep warm overnight. Diatomaceous earth use will kill off any chicken mites trying to take up PREPARING residence on THE COOP the roost bars. FOR WINTER Check for Molting leaks in the roof makes the dust It is amazing to me or other parts and mess in of the building. the coop even how much heat is While you messier, so I are checking recommend generated by my for leaks, also making sure check that your you know chickens during ventilation how to clean a is optimal. chicken coop the night. Ventilation thoroughly, refers to the air which is best flow circulation done while inside the the weather is coop and still nice. Scrape out old chicken keeps the air from becoming bedding. Inspect for rodent holes, stagnant. Ventilation is very insect evidence, and wet areas. Take important in winter because care of any structural problems stagnant air can also lead to now so you don’t have to take moisture collection. Moisture

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 45 poultry :: chicken coops

in the presence of subfreezing temperatures can light by possibly an hour and is not really a factor in lead to frostbite on combs, wattles, and feet. their egg laying. Naturally, egg laying slows down during the cold, darker months. This gives the hens WINTER HEAT AND ADDITIONAL LIGHT a rest and allows energy to be used for warmth. I still Do chickens need heat in winter? I can’t speak collect enough eggs for our use during the winter. about every area of the country but I will say this. Chickens are extremely cold hardy. If the chicken WATER IN WINTER coop is draft-free, has good roof ventilation, can be If your coop is a distance away from your home closed securely at night and during storms, there is as ours is, planning for water should be part of little chance that you need additional heat. After the your fall readiness. Emptying the hose after each chickens go through molting, they grow in healthy use, or filling containers of water to keep at home, new feathers and downy under-feathers for winter. will help you avoid frozen water when you are Chickens will go to roost at night, fluff up their feeding in the morning. I will refill gallon jugs and feathers, and cover their feet on the roost bar. It is set them by my back door. In the morning, I grab the amazing to me how much heat is generated by my water jugs, dump out the frozen water in the coop, chickens during the night. The coop is usually very and refill with room temperature water from the comfortable inside when I arrive in the morning. house. The chickens all run to get a warm drink! The chickens are happy and there is less chance of With some foresight and minor upkeep and fire from a heater running. Only once in our chicken repair during the fall, you, your chickens, and raising have we used additional heat. Now, perhaps the coop will be ready for winter weather. you live in a particularly frigid area during the winter. I can’t make this decision for you. Draft-free goes a long way to keeping the chickens warm enough, so don’t rush to heat the coop just because you are feeling JANET GARMAN is a farmer, writer, instructor, and fiber artist living in central Maryland on the the chill of winter. Another thing to consider is what family’s farm. She loves all subjects related to happens during a power outage if your chickens have small farms and homesteading. Raising chickens, not been allowed to acclimate to the seasonal change ducks, sheep, and fiber goats led her to write her in temperature. They are more likely to succumb to most recent books, 50 Do-it-Yourself Projects for cold if it occurs suddenly and they are not prepared. Keeping Chickens, (Skyhorse Publishing 2018) and The Good Living Guide to Raising Sheep and Adding light may, in fact, keep the hens laying Other Fiber Animals, (Skyhorse Publishing 2019). eggs longer into the winter. I prefer to let them have a natural rest and we use lights only for a short time facebook.com/timbercreekfarm instagram.com/timbercreekfarmandhomestead in the evening while we are cleaning up and feeding/ timbercreekfarmer.com watering the animals for the night. This extends their

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 47 poultry :: ducks

Reader

Suggested Story

Weeding with Ducks

BY ANGELA FERRARO-FANNING

UCKS PROVIDE US WITH MANY cabbage worms, and more. When foraging services; their nutrient-rich eggs, for food among taller, well-established Dmeat for those who harvest their plants, the ducks tend to leave the vegetation birds, and hours of entertainment with their alone in preference to the insects. It is not silly antics. But another way that backyard advisable to allow ducks to roam a garden ducks can be employed is as caretakers in freshly sown with seeds or young seedlings. the garden. This concept requires a bit more Though their webbed feet do not scratch at supervision on the part of the farmer in order the plants or ground’s surface, their weight to be successful, as ducks in the garden can and maneuvering can crush small growth. easily be both destructive and rewarding. But Their bills can also scoop up any plant not if you’re willing to make the effort, you could well-rooted as they turn the top layer of soil be working in the garden alongside your for slugs and the tender sprouts of weeds. flock of ducks — a bucolic dream for some. There are a wide variety of weeds Ducks love to forage for insects, with slugs that ducks will happily remove from being one of their favorite snacks. Many of us your garden space. Caution should be gardeners struggle with these pests chewing exercised when vegetables and fruits away on our leaves and roots in the garden. are growing in the garden that can be To help with slug control, ducks can be toxic and even deadly to ducks. released into the vegetable garden to forage Though they are naturally fairly diligent for these slugs along with snails, pill bugs, about avoiding poisonous weeds and

48 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL PLANTS

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 49 poultry :: ducks

produce, be warned that some are included in your crop rotation, keep them healthy giving hens the are harmful to your flock. be sure to partition them off with ability to lay nutritious eggs filled In return for their pest and a temporary fence or poultry wire. with a plethora of vitamins, omegas, weed consumption, ducks offer They also love a good mud and and minerals. Should ducks not the garden fresh fertilizer. In fact, water bath so if the garden is freshly have the ability or opportunity duck manure is the only manure watered or soaked with puddles, to forage in the yard, pasture, or that can be instantly applied to it’s best to leave the ducks out until garden, there is still an avenue the garden safely. Because of its things dry up a bit. The number of for delivering these essentials. water-like consistency, it quickly ducks introduced to the oo many Simply hand-pull, cut, and deliver breaks down and is absorbed ducks would result in havoc. duck-safe weed growth to your into the soil. Their droppings do As with most services provided flock inside their coop or run as not burn any vegetation nor the by animals, some breeds are better a snack or as a part of their daily roots and, generally speaking, at performing certain functions food ration. They will appreciate duck manure tends to carry less than others. Duck breeds that are the effort, as will your garden. pathogens in comparison to better foragers naturally include the other poultry and other types Indian Runners, Magpies, Pekins, of animal waste varieties. Welsh Harlequins, Khali Campbells, Weeding and pest control with and Cayugas. Their voracious ANGELA FERRARO-FANNING and her family are first generation ducks is certainly good for the appetites keep them searching farmers on a historic New garden but does heed some care. for food so they are sure to get Jersey homestead established First, I would never leave my the job done. I personally prefer in 1775. Their homestead garden unattended while the ducks employing smaller weight birds in currently consists of vegetables, are employed. Though helpful, they the garden unintentionally smash orchard fruit, sugar maples, dogs, barn cats, geese, ducks, have no hesitation in devouring any vegetation — my Magpies Clydesdales and honeybees. leafy greens like lettuce, kale, and frequent the garden regularly. axeandroothomestead.com chard. Ducks also are quick to go Ducks need a variety of plants instagram.com/ after any peas, flowers, berries, and insects in their daily diets. The axeandroothomestead beets, or tomatoes so if these items compounds in weeds and bugs

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 51 animals & livestock :: pigs “A pig resembles a saint in that he is more honored after death than during his lifetime.” — Irma S. Rombauer

HOW SMART ARE PIGS? RESEARCH UNCOVERS REMARKABLE PORCINE SKILLS

BY TAMSIN COOPER

Pigs enjoy foraging. F YOU KEEP PIGS, YOU HAVE They understand when an object is probably noticed how eagerly hidden that it still exists (essential Ithey greet you, how inquisitive for a digging forager), including they are, and how fast they learn. when hid in a cup. But if you move Now researchers can back our the cup, they do not follow it. observations that pigs are smart, Pigs’ sense of smell is as good as curious, friendly, and quick dogs’. This amazing sense is used learners. They have found that to find good food and communicate pigs have some pretty amazing with their companions. They hear cognitive skills matching those higher pitched sounds than we can, found in dogs and chimpanzees. and are sensitive to the direction As omnivorous foragers, pigs the sound is coming from, but need sharp and flexible searching they are not as good at picking up skills to find enough food in quiet sounds. They possess a wide challenging terrains. They have field of vision, although it is not inherited this skill from their as clear as ours. They see blue and ancestor, the wild boar. Hogs have green, but not red. These are all excellent spatial memory, and can points to consider when we manage remember where they previously pigs. It will help us understand found food, how much there was, their perspective when handling and how many days ago. They have them and designing their pens. flexible strategies: avoiding foraged Their sensitive snouts are areas, as they would in the wild, or pigs’ most important tools for returning to the same location when exploring and manipulating their they realize that feed gets replaced. environment. Pigs are exceedingly They can learn to return after a inquisitive, and require plenty of fixed number of days, as at pasture objects to investigate to engage a food resource might regrow. their inquiring minds. Otherwise,

52 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “A pig resembles a saint in that he is more honored after death than during his lifetime.” — Irma S. Rombauer

As omnivorous foragers, pigs need sharp and flexible searching skills to find enough food in challenging terrains.

Pig Equipment

Pigs forage using snout. they suffer from boredom and frustration, which can lead to harmful habits. Bear this in mind when designing their enclosures, so you can provide adequate enrichment and toys. Pigs have good memories, so toys need to be changed frequently to prevent boredom. However, they renew their interest in known toys moved to a new location on different www.farmstead-equipment.com | 855-910-7044 flooring, and see this as a new scenario to explore. After a week or so, old toys can be reintroduced and they will appreciate them again. ZINTET Pigs learn new procedures very Keeping Your Livestock Standing Strong quickly, matching chimpanzees in speed, some even showing NEW APPROACH! greater interest and focus. They Reduces the need for expensive medicines. quickly learn how to use new feed and water systems, and can even Footbath Alternative for: master turning heaters or fans Foot Scald Thrush on and off as required. In trials, Foot Rot Fungus piglets learned that they needed to press a lever with their hooves for a certain duration. Some found Order online at zintet.com that their hooves kept slipping off,

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 53 animals & livestock :: pigs

Pigs love to play, root, and investigate. This is very important for the health of their lively minds.

Piglets learn from mother.

so they used their snouts instead, sound with imminent treats, and — a soft, dry area for sleep, a cool showing innovative thinking. another with an unpleasant event area for toileting, dusty and muddy Pigs learned to move a cursor (isolation or crossing a drop). On areas for wallowing, and zones on a screen using a modified hearing each sound, they displayed for feeding, foraging, and play. joystick to get a reward. They even body language or made squeals Social living requires good completed the task better than that demonstrated their emotions knowledge of your companions’ dogs. Some pigs can use mirrors to about what was forthcoming. identity and rank. Pigs have find the location of food that was Companions who had not been many ways of identifying other only visible in the mirror. While present to learn what the sounds pigs — by sight, sound, and smell getting used to the mirror, they meant, caught their emotional vibes — and some can use just one or would move about while watching and performed similar behavior. two senses to pick out a friend. themselves from different angles. Indeed, pigs are very social They can differentiate between Two pigs learned the meaning of creatures. In the wild, they lived in 30 or more familiar pigs, even words and gestures for objects groups of adult females and their when these are closely related, (frisbee, ball, dumbbell) and actions young, while males were solitary or but they cannot identify them in (sit, fetch, jump) and understood roamed in bachelor herds. Group 2D photographs. Sows know the their different combinations. living requires some give and take, calls of their own piglets. Pigs When all three objects were so pigs establish a hierarchy to have individual voices and leave present, the pigs could perform decide who gets priority access to personal signatures in their urine. the commanded action with the resources. There will be fighting Voices and urine pheromones requested object (e.g. fetch frisbee). until the hierarchy is settled. This is also convey other signals, such As you can see, pigs could be why it is difficult to introduce pigs as emotion and sex. Hogs can tell easily trained for a reward, as they that are strangers. Unfortunately, when a pig is not from their group, learn to anticipate an outcome to hierarchy between pigs is not too and a strange human from a kind, their actions. They also learn what stable, and fighting can break out. familiar one. They prefer a gentle may follow an event or perception. So they need plenty of space to be handler, and do not differentiate Think how your pigs might able to avoid conflict. Divided pens between people who treat them associate sights and sounds with help lower ranking individuals get roughly. They more willingly good or bad experiences. Pigs were some peace. In any case, pigs prefer approach a strange person once trained to associate a particular defined areas for different functions one of their herd-mates has taken

54 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Pigs have many ways of identifying other pigs — by sight, sound, and smell.

Pigs are social.

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the plunge. When identifying humans, they are highly influenced by colors and clothing, but also use body size and facial features of familiar people. However, appearance in a different location may confuse them. Many pig owners have a caring relationship with their pigs, and share rewarding interaction. Pigs seem to be aware of when they have our attention and are sensitive to our body posture. Pigs can follow pointing gestures when we are down at their level and near to the item we are indicating. They can also follow the direction of our body and face orientation. They use the body orientation of their companions to gauge their perspective — whether or not they can see hidden food. In a foraging study, a subordinate pig was taught where food was hidden, while the dominant was kept unaware. When released together the dominant followed the subordinate and stole her food. Next trial, the subordinate tried different tactics to avoid losing the feed. She only went for it when the dominant was not paying attention and when she had a chance of getting to it first. Pigs love to play, root, and investigate. This is very important for the health of their lively minds. Housing should incorporate varied opportunities to explore and manipulate objects, as well as frolic with friends. In Pigs have an excellent sense of smell. addition to learning by trial and error, pigs learn from their companions. Piglets learn from their mothers: what to eat, who is safe, and how to forage. In studies, piglets learned from their mother or aunt how to open the door of a box. Pigs preferred to eat the same food as their mothers and familiar companions, but they did not learn from strangers. Sometimes animals are wary of new feed: they do not know whether to trust it. If they see a trusted companion eat it, they are more likely to try it. This behavior can be used to encourage piglets to try new feed. In many cases you, their handler, are a trusted companion, and they may eat anything you give them — so make sure it is safe! All pigs are different in their abilities and personalities. Even this now has scientific backing. We can ensure that their needs are met by taking their perspective on life into consideration.

Sources: Marino, L. and Colvin, C.M., 2015. Thinking pigs: a comparative review of cognition, emotion, and personality in Sus domesticus. Int J Comp Psychol. Nawroth, C. et al., 2019. Farm animal cognition — linking behavior, welfare and ethics. Front Vet Sci 6.

TAMSIN COOPER is a smallholder who owns goats and chickens in France. She follows the latest research on behavior, welfare and sustainability, and mentors on Pigs are smart. animal welfare courses. Find her online at goatwriter.com.

56 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 57 animals & livestock :: sheep

Becoming a Shepherd

BY JANET GARMAN

HEPHERDING HAS BEEN toward owning sheep and being part of humanity for part of the entire process. Sthousands of years. And I Raising animals that provide fiber was drawn to this lifestyle. I do is fascinating. I wanted to be part not come from a background of of the entire cycle. From the sheep shepherding. that grazes My family and forages on roots are deep our property, in suburbia. harvesting the However, I do “Don’t buy wool, cleaning have a strong the year’s family gene into sheep, accumulation for handcrafts. of dirt, hay, The crafts grow into sheep.” and grime involving wool from the fleece. yarn, primarily — Katherine Grossman Watching the passed down fleece change to me from from gray my Welsh and dirty to Nana, have always been part of snowy white and soft. And finally, my relaxation. I often need to raise transitioning that fiber to yarn and the bar from enjoying a hobby cloth. Yes, I wanted to experience to making it part of my lifestyle. it all. The hands-on approach I guess it was no big surprise to shepherding filled a space in that my heart would gravitate my life that I didn’t know I had.

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Eventually, my fiber journey became the larger part of my days. I learned to build on the skills passed down from my grandmother and mom. Teachers stepped in, in the form of friends, and taught me new skills. My journey gave my life a circle of meaning. The writer Antoine de Saint-Exupéry stated, “If someone wants a sheep, then that means he exists.” It’s hard to not feel that you are a vibrant part of life when raising sheep. For our first step into raising fiber animals, I chose a fiber breed of goats. Pygora goats started me at a comfort level since I had raised plenty of goats previously but had not raised sheep. We learned to shear, trim hooves, manage kidding season, and process the fiber. I also learned how to keep the smelly bucks from touching my clothes during the fall rutting season! Soon enough, sheep joined our fiber farm, and now the sheep outnumber the goats! As all the daily animal care progressed, I was gathering skills at the other end of the spectrum, too. Learning to warp a rigid The Efﬁcient Terminal Sire heddle loom, creating natural More Meat For Your Money plant dyes, and making time for www.usatexels.org • (740) 881-4417 the yearly skirting of the fleeces

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 59 animals & livestock :: sheep

before they are sent off to the mill time do you have available for the for processing. The seasonal ebb animals' daily care? Most ruminants and flow of shepherd life appeals are fairly low-maintenance, but to my senses. It begins or ends daily care is required. Alpaca, with the yearly shearing when you llamas, sheep, fiber goats, and can see firsthand if your animal angora rabbits all require daily is producing a healthy fleece. fresh water, hay or fresh foraging, Nutrition is a key element in a good and shelter. Rabbits require a more healthy fleece. Parasite control, regular grooming than sheep but appropriate take up much feed, and low less space and stress produce can be raised the best fleeces. Somewhere in your home or apartment! WHAT FIBER between two and ANIMALS HOW MUCH SHOULD YOU 100 animals is LAND DO CHOOSE? YOU NEED? First, I the sweet spot for Stocking suggest rates vary and knowing beginning your this number is your goal for dependent on raising fiber fiber flock. what type of animals. Are forage is grown. you interested An acre of land in having a can support six few animals to provide fiber for fiber animals if the animals' needs your own spinning or hand crafts? are met. It is not necessary to have Are you interested in breeding and a 100-acre ranch to successfully selling spring lambs? The different raise a small flock. They require aspects of raising sheep and fiber fencing, shelter, fresh water always, animals will dictate what you and a source of forage or grazing. need to provide as far as housing, If you don’t have a good source of fencing, and acreage. How much fresh grazing, hay must be supplied

60 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Is there a market for the products you make from your sheep or fiber animal’s fleece? How can you make a profit? Check outThe Good Living Guide to Keeping Sheep and Other Fiber Animals, by Janet Garman, 2019. iamcountryside.com/shop

daily. Make sure you take all this into consideration as you plan the Katahdin Hair Sheep financing for your fiber flock. • Truly American • Will Breed Year • Superior Keep in mind that these are flock Made Round Muscling animals. They are stressed when alone. Somewhere between two H and 100 animals is the sweet spot S for beginning your fiber flock. C Be realistic about your time. At first, I thought I would be the one shearing and processing the F fiber from the animal all the way A to the yarn stage. I did not have R the available time for the entire process. The farm, family, and M work took up a sizeable chunk of my day and I had to accept that I Quality Breeders With Quality Sheep! needed to bring in skilled hands Earl & Mickie Burris Howard & Susian Covington Howard & Lavonne Brown to help the fleeces become yarn. Shackaloa Creek Ranch HSC Katahdin Farm Lazy B Livestock Smithdale, MS Livingston, Texas Prague, OK I chose to give up shearing and (601) 567-2513 (936) 520-2689 (405) 567-2559 processing the wool into yarn. I [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] look at it as a partnership with my www.echota-scrkatahdin.com www.hsckatahdin.com www.lazybkatahdins.com shearer and the mill owner. We all Drs. Nathan & W. K. Krueger Jenny Smith-Briggs Sam & Babette Fief want the best possible product from Trinity River Katahdins S B Ranch Fief Family Farm the renewable, yearlong growth. Centerville, Texas Zephyr, Texas La Junta, CO (979) 324-1160 (325) 642-8135 (719) 468-0928 I kept my favorite parts of the [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] process, raising the animals and www.trinityrivertailsfarm.com www.smithbriggsranch.com www.fieffamilyfarm.com seeing to their health and well-

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 61 animals & livestock :: sheep

being, and creating with yarn made from our sheep and goat fiber.

IS A BREEDING FLOCK RIGHT FOR YOU? While lambs and goat kids are among the cutest things ever put on earth, being a sheep breeder requires a different level of endurance. Sheep are very capable of delivering lambs in a field, with you finding the cute additions the next morning. However, when your income is dependent on having healthy lambs and kids to sell, many shepherds prefer to take a more hands-on approach to lambing or kidding season. Stamina wise, this raises a shepherd to the next level in my opinion. Many nights will be spent sitting in the barn in case you need to assist during labor. Sleep interruptions will become the norm for weeks on end. And while the rewards are great, this is not something every person can happily endure. It’s ok to house a flock of wethers and ewes not intended for breeding. The benefits of raising a strictly fiber flock are also great. You may be a shepherd of a large flock of sheep, or a flock of two. You may be a shearer that harvests the yearly fleece, or a mill owner that processes small orders into roving or yarn. The maker that chooses beautiful wool, and the buyer who purchases quality wool products also contribute to the cycle. No matter where you join the process, shepherd, shearer, mill owner, maker, or buyer, you are part of a tradition handed down through countless generations. Wool, along with other fiber has been part of the civilization of the world. Let’s continue to make the wool traditions of the past a strong part of our future, and encourage the future shepherds, teachers, and wool artists of tomorrow.

62 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL GRILLED AMERICAN LAMB KABOBS WITH TZATZIKI RECIPE PROVIDED BY ELIZABETH STARK OF BROOKLYN SUPPER | SERVES FOUR

INGREDIENTS DIRECTIONS MARINADE AND TZATZIKI The night before or at least 4 hours To make kabobs, prepare a hot grill. 2 cups whole milk Greek yogurt ahead of time, prepare marinade and Allow coals to get hot enough that you 2 tablespoons finely minced garlic (about 4 cloves) tzatziki. Place grated cucumber in a can’t hold you hand four inches above fine mesh sieve over a bowl, set a plate them for more than a few seconds. 1 tablespoon white wine vinegar or other heavy object on top, and set Bank coals to one side of grill to create 1/2 teaspoon sea salt, plus more to taste in fridge overnight so that cucumber a zone of high heat and a zone of 1/4 teaspoon fresh ground black pepper will release its water. indirect heat. For a gas grill, turn to 3 tablespoons extra virgin olive oil In a medium bowl, stir combine medium high 10–15 minutes before 1/2 teaspoon fresh ground cumin yogurt, garlic, white wine vinegar, sea you plan to grill. 1 tablespoon minced parsley salt, and pepper. Fold in olive oil. Di- Thread marinated lamb onto skewers 1 tablespoon minced dill vide mixture in two. Reserve half for alternating with red onion slices. Grill tzatziki, cover, and refrigerate. To the kabobs 2 minutes over high heat, ro- 1 cup grated cucumber (1 medium) marinade, add ground cumin. tate 1/4 turn and grill 2 minutes more; Toss kabob meat with marinade in repeat until all sides are grilled. Move LAMB KABOBS a zip-top bag and seal. Set in fridge kabobs over indirect heat until meat 2 pounds boneless American lamb leg meat, cut overnight to marinate. reaches 150°, 4–6 minutes more. into 1 1/2-inch pieces Day of, fold pressed cucumber and Serve kabobs immediately with a 1 large red onion, cut into eighths herbs into tzatziki. Add sea salt and generous dollop of tzatziki and grilled pepper to taste. Chill until kabobs flatbreads. are ready. SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 63 animals & livestock :: goats

GOAT SCHOOL

BY MARISSA AMES, GOAT JOURNAL EDITOR

AUGHT IN THE England life: sunset-hued autumn WHIRLWIND OF corporate leaves and crisp winter snow. Clife, the Bueschens lived Historic buildings, lakeshores, in Europe for eight years. Joy and the Appalachian Trail. oversaw factories internationally Though money was an issue, Joy while Tim traveled between Europe and Tim found 25 mostly-wooded When Turning and Africa to sell airplane parts. acres with an old Cape Cod house “I was always on an airplane, and wooden barn. And it was a Page Farm always in hotels,” says Joy. Living fixer-upper. The property hadn’t first in Austria, then in Germany, operated as a working farm in smoldered, Joy they longed for a simpler life. almost 60 years, and letting a house They returned to the U.S. in sit empty means cracking windows and Tim refused April of 2016 but didn’t have a during the long winters and the roof specific destination. Joy loved needed immediate replacement. to let their goats and cheese, while Tim’s “We really wanted to focus passion was beer, and they both on the farming,” Joy related, dreams go up in wanted to experience winter and “but the first thing we did the seasons. So, they looked at when we moved in was call flames. a map … and settled on central contractors to get a new roof.” forest of Maine, hours from The Bueschens moved into the the coast and population. house while they fixed it up. Tim Monson, with a population dug a trench to install supports and just under 700, was a picturesque correct the sagging roofline, putting example of small-town New

64 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “Come in the fall,” Joy says, “and make a vacation of it, because it’s so beautiful that it takes your breath away." in stones for proper drainage. All summer, they worked on the new farm. During that half-year, they didn’t waste time. In May, just one month after moving stateside, they attended Goat School: a local event that draws participants from all over the country. At Goat School, Joy learned the very basics of goat- keeping: how to trim hooves, give injections, and how to milk a goat. Joy says, “This was my passion. There was nothing that was going

Dorper Sheep Fastest Growing Breed in the U.S. | Meat Sheep of the Future

Membership has its privileges. | dorper.org

HARDY & ADAPTABLE – Dorper sheep do well in harsh conditions as well as in more intensive operations. EXCELLENT MATERNAL QUALITIES – Ewes are excellent mothers and heavy milkers. Lambs are vigorous and have high survivability. LONG BREEDING SEASON – Dorpers are non-seasonal or have an extended breeding season. They can easily be managed to produce three lamb crops in two years. REPRODUCTIVE EFFICIENCY – Dorpers are very fertile and prolific. Lambing rates of 180% can be achieved per lambing. PRE-POTENCY – Dorper sheep cross well with commercial ewes of other breeds and as terminal sires produce fast-growing,muscular lambs. NON-SELECTIVE GRAZERS – Dorpers are excellent converters of a wide range of forage types, and they excel in grazing or weed control operations. HEAT & INSECT TOLERANT – Because of their Blackhead Persian origin, Dorpers have natural tolerance to high temperatures and heavy insect populations. They are productive in areas where other breeds barely survive.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 65 animals & livestock :: goats

to keep me from going to Goat School. I would have someone who changed his schedule so he traveled anywhere, but it was completely random could travel and work on their property. that they were one hour from where we moved.” The Bueschens moved back into the house in Finally, they purchased seven rare Guernsey August 2017, just five months after the fire. “The goats. Joy soon held a dairy license, was milking the contractor was planning to have the barn built in the goats, making cheese, and selling it to local shops. first week of August,” said Joy, “so I showed up with At the same time, Goat School ended a 20-year seven more rare Guernsey goats in the first week of tradition and had their last-ever session. The owners August.” She built temporary shelter in the backyard. Ken and Janice Spaulding were ready to retire. Joy By fall, the barn’s exterior was completed enough for and Tim took up the torch and animals to move back in. carried on the tradition. They Turning Page Farm settled planned the next bi-annual Goat in for a long, cold winter School session for May of 2017. “There’s something and lots of planning. Then a fire took almost The year 2018 became, as everything: The barn, the that happens in Joy calls it, “Year Three/Year garage, half of the house, One.” Their first session of and all the goats. Goat School. Goat School opened in May Joy recalls the painful loss and with 21 attendees, only one recovery. “It was a gut punch.” Everyone becomes of whom had ever owned Months of hard work done by goats. The Bueschens taught hand, gone in an instant. “One such best friends, goat basics and made friends year into living the life of our with people who had read dreams and it turned to ash.” so quickly.” every goat-keeping book, But Turning Page Farm had watched every YouTube refused to end their story. – The Bueschens video, but had never touched “The hopeful thing was a goat. Amazed at how many that we were so new to the people had stories just like dream. It wasn’t like I had a theirs, or escaping rat-races Plan B of another thing to do with my life.” Joy and for simpler lives, they soon bonded. Tim were so focused on their dream that they didn’t “There’s something that happens in Goat stop to consider the fire to be a sign that they should School. Everyone becomes such best friends, do something else. But they did have to rebuild and so quickly. Everybody was sending out their they canceled the May session of Goat School. Christmas newsletters, announcing who The Bueschens’ house had to be rebuilt before got goats and who didn’t get goats.” anything else. They searched for contractors, Through October 2018 then May 2019, Joy and Tim but most were booked. Finally, they found ran Goat School, focusing on one-on-one and hands-

66 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Sub-Compact Pallet Forks Don’t let their compact size fool you. on training for each attendee. The Right Tool! Right Size! course runs two days, a Saturday Best describes these and a Sunday, from 9am to 4pm. sub-compact pallet forks. Monday, an optional addition, Designed for loaders on focuses on making soap and cheese. sub-compact tractors up to “Come in the fall,” Joy says, “and make a vacation of it, because it’s so 35 hp. beautiful that it takes your breath • Rated at 1,250 lbs. away. In the spring, we have baby • Class I solid alloy steel goats, so it’s a lot of extra fun.” forks, 36-inches in length. Each day includes a farm-fresh lunch, with local food provided by • Models for: local farmers and cheese provided 7 Skid Steer “Universal” buy Joy’s Guernsey goats. A Goat style mount (SSPF-1236) School recipe book from days gone 7 John Deere hook & pin by includes selections with cheese quick attach (JDPF-1236) and goat meat, which Joy tries to incorporate into her lunches. Visit worksaver.com to learn more But since Goat School has new owners, will it change Worksaver, Inc., P.O. Box 100, Litchfield, IL 62056-0100 its 20-year tradition? Phone: 217-324-5973 • Fax: 217-324-3356 worksaver.com • E-mail: [email protected] Built with Sunshine “I want to keep it exactly as and Manufactured it is. A long weekend in May, a Sheep 2018_Layoutin the USA 1 8/6/18 1:32 PM Page 1 Designed. Engineered. Remarkable Value. long weekend in October. The Monday cheese and soap class. The only thing we are considering is adding a Friday to include homesteading: chickens on pasture, pigs in the forest.” (since 1982) With such a legacy and a driving force, Goat School can We have the LOWEST PRICE only improve and endure. sheep and goat equipment on For more information about the market and it’s goat school, contact Joy and HOT DIPPED GALVANIZED. Tim Bueschen through their Goat School Facebook page, goatschool.com, or email Joy RM6000 & RM6000S at [email protected]. SHEEP & GOAT ROLL TABLE $1775.00 $2720.00 Without Scale With Digital Scale Editor of Goat Journal and Attachment Backyard Poultry magazines, Marissa Ames runs a small homestead in Fallon, Nevada, where she focuses on saving Call for your FREE CATALOG and propagating rare breeds of SSD51 EASY today or visit us at: goats and garden vegetables. www.dslivestock.biz She and her husband, Russ, WEIGH SHEEP & travel to Africa where they serve GOAT as agricultural advisors for the We have low freight rates. SCALE Call For a quote today. nonprofit I Am Zambia. She spends 1-800-949-9997 • 1-301-689-1966 her free time eating lunch. Only Fax: 1-301-689-9727 facebook.com/AmesFamilyFarm/ $1390 instagram.com/amesfamfarm 18059 National Pike Frostburg, Maryland 21532

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 67 animals & livestock :: farm dogs

Choosing the Best Farm Dogs for Your Farm

16 Breeds that Make Good Farm Dogs

BY JANET GARMAN

S YOUR PLAN TO ADD ONE and will guard with their lives. training. Think of scenarios OF THE best farm dogs to your We may have an image in mind where each of these commands Ihomestead or farm operation? of a companion dog following could reduce chaos on the farm With so many dogs ending up in along as you work the farm. This but also save lives. An untrained shelters, it is important that we may not work with all kinds of dog around livestock is a danger put a good deal of thought into dogs. And even livestock guardian to not only itself, but also any choosing from breeds that make dogs do not always bond to the person that tries to save the dog the best farm dogs. Many dogs that farm family, as they see their first from an unfortunate interaction. are great outside breeds do not job as protecting the herds. When we train a new dog on make good farm dogs. They may the farm, we use a method that have a strong prey drive which TRAINING IS KEY FOR introduces the dog to the poultry won’t work well with farm animals. THE BEST FARM DOGS and livestock slowly. I believe that Size, temperament, and training Basic training is of utmost the most important lesson your ability are a few criteria that go into importance when raising one of new farm dog must learn is that choosing one of the best farm dogs. the best farm dogs. A farm dog the farm animals are yours. A high It’s not unusual to have confusion is part family pet, part guard, energy dog such as an Australian about livestock guardian dogs and part working companion. A dog Shepherd can run sheep to the farm dogs. While both categories with good instincts and strong point of exhaustion. A dog with a are among the working dogs, concentration is a must. Routine strong bird-hunting instinct can livestock guardian dogs have one training commands should be be deadly to a flock of chickens. very specific job. LGDs as they are taught from puppy stage or as While using a leash, introduce often referred to, guard livestock. soon as you adopt the older dog. your dog to the various livestock They become bonded to the flock Commands to sit, stay, and slowly. Horses, cows, and horned or herd that they are placed with down should be included in goats can seriously hurt an

68 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL overzealous dog. Teach the dog self-control and obedience. Before you allow the dog to run freely on the farm, be sure that the dog respects and returns to your recall. If the dog becomes uncontrollable, barks, or growls, end the session immediately and remove the dog from the area. Keep the training sessions short and try to end on a positive note. Learning how to make a delicious baked dog treat recipe is a healthy way to reward your dog. Letting an experienced farm dog take the lead can be helpful. Some of the best farm dogs learn their skills on the job from the older generation. Herding dogs often work well together. Well trained farm dogs with a hunting instinct are invaluable at keeping predator animals away from the barnyard. Farm dogs can be a challenge even in the best of situations. Having a well-stocked farm first aid kit on hand is a good idea. All breeds on Remember those high heating the farm are prone to injuries, even a dog paw pad injury. Cuts and bills last winter? bruises are the possible misfortune of any farm dog. Injured dogs Eliminate your high may bite out of fear, so having a heating bills with a soft muzzle on hand might come Classic Edge outdoor in handy. Good veterinary care is wood furnace important for the best farm dogs. Keeping vaccinations up to date, training, and a healthy diet will help your dog live a long healthy life.

OFF LIMIT AREAS Teach your dog to respect certain off limit areas around the farm. Our cattle were raised in large paddock areas on grass and hay. While working with the cattle we trained the dog to remain outside the fenced area for his safety THE ULTIMATE WOOD HEAT and to reduce confusion. Other • Safer, more convenient wood heat situations might call for the dog to • Heat multiple buildings help move cattle. Farrowing pens Outdoor Wood Furnace and brooder rooms for poultry are • Endless hot water two other areas where you might • Works with existing heating system want your dog to remain outside. CentralBoiler.com ©2019 Central Boiler • ad7549 800-248-4681

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 69 animals & livestock :: farm dogs DELIVERING

manners makes it a contender for the best farm THE RIGHT TOOLS dog. The Schnauzer is also a good rat dog, as is the Jack Russell Terrier and the Fox Terrier. Need help controlling or moving your sheep FOR THE RIGHT JOB. and goats? Perhaps the Scotch Collie, Australian Shepherd, Border Collie, Vallhund, and the Pembroke Welsh Corgi might be right. The Old English Sheep THE RIGHT DEWORMER dog is a perennial favorite but will require some Safe-Guard® (fenbendazole) oral suspension comes in a convenient intense grooming to keep the coat healthy. Cattle 125 mL bottle, labeled just for goats. Use the dewormer that controls farmers often look to Catahoula Leopard dogs all major parasites. and Australian Cattle dogs for help. I know an experienced shepherd who swears by the Standard SAFE-GUARD HAS IT ALL: Poodles she has for her farm dogs. Dogs that work The most effective systemic dewormer labeled for goats. well protecting such as the Belgian Malinois or Rottweiler can exhibit the right combination of PRIMARY PARASITES OF CONCERN protection and companionship for the working farm. Many dogs are turned into rescues every day Teladorsagia circumcincta (Brown stomach worm) because they grew too large or required too more exercise than the previous owner could Haemonchus contortus (Barberpole worm) maintain. Often these dogs are looking for a life that includes a job. Being the best farm dog on the property might be just what they need. THE RIGHT DRENCHING GUN Take care of business with a 20 mL drenching gun. It’s FREE with your purchase of: • Six (6) 125 mL bottles of Safe-Guard or Each individual farm will have different rules • One (1) liter bottle* of Safe-Guard developed for the health and safety of all. The feed storage room may contain items that are dangerous to dogs. If the dog decides it likes Fill out this coupon, attach your proof of purchase and mail it to: chicken food, colic, bloat or pancreatitis can result. Safe-Guard® Free Drenching Gun Offer Livestock wormers, used syringes, other first aid Synergy Direct Marketing, Inc. • 19 Culnen Drive, Branchburg, NJ 08876 products are toxic and dangerous if ingested. If you haven’t had a farm dog before, you may NAME ______like these tips. An untrained farm dog might take off after a predator or wildlife such as deer. Farm dogs ADDRESS ______think that all manure is a tasty treat. Waste from CITY ______STATE ______ZIP ______chickens, barn cats, cattle, and small ruminants all taste like candy to the undiscriminating dog pallet.

HARDY AND HARDWORKING BREEDS Consult your local veterinarian for assistance in the diagnosis, treatment and THAT WORK ON A FARM control of parasitism. What breeds make the best farm dogs? Are there certain physical characteristics and temperament RESIDUE WARNING: Goats must not be slaughtered for food within 6 days you should look for when searching for a dog? Look following treatment. Because a withdrawal time in milk has not been for a dog that is friendly, but trainable. Resilient, established, do not use in lactating goats. and eager to work, an animal that thrives on being with the farmer, but obedient when left behind. What breeds of dogs most often fit this list? If you seek companionship while tending the farm jobs, Golden Retrievers, Labrador Retrievers, and German Shepherds are popular choices. The Standard Schnauzer was bred in Germany for hunting and its innate loyalty and gentle good merck-animal-health-usa.com • 800-521-5767 Copyright © 2019 Intervet Inc., doing business as Merck Animal Health, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 70 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL 1/18 BV-SG-Goat 53171

47895_Merck_SafeGuard_GoatAd_8-25x10-875_FA.indd 1 6/19/19 4:27 PM DELIVERING THE RIGHT TOOLS FOR THE RIGHT JOB.

THE RIGHT DEWORMER Safe-Guard® (fenbendazole) oral suspension comes in a convenient 125 mL bottle, labeled just for goats. Use the dewormer that controls all major parasites.

SAFE-GUARD HAS IT ALL: The most effective systemic dewormer labeled for goats.

PRIMARY PARASITES OF CONCERN Teladorsagia circumcincta (Brown stomach worm)

Haemonchus contortus (Barberpole worm)

THE RIGHT DRENCHING GUN Take care of business with a 20 mL drenching gun. It’s FREE with your purchase of: • Six (6) 125 mL bottles of Safe-Guard or • One (1) liter bottle* of Safe-Guard

Fill out this coupon, attach your proof of purchase and mail it to: Safe-Guard® Free Drenching Gun Offer Synergy Direct Marketing, Inc. • 19 Culnen Drive, Branchburg, NJ 08876

NAME ______

ADDRESS ______

CITY ______STATE ______ZIP ______

Consult your local veterinarian for assistance in the diagnosis, treatment and control of parasitism.

RESIDUE WARNING: Goats must not be slaughtered for food within 6 days following treatment. Because a withdrawal time in milk has not been established, do not use in lactating goats.

merck-animal-health-usa.com • 800-521-5767 Copyright © 2019 Intervet Inc., doing business as Merck Animal Health, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc. All rights reserved. 1/18 BV-SG-Goat 53171 SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 71

47895_Merck_SafeGuard_GoatAd_8-25x10-875_FA.indd 1 6/19/19 4:27 PM farm to fork :: autumn apple recipes

AUTUMN: Apple Season RECIPES AND HACKS FOR THIS FAVORITE FALL FRUIT

CONTRIBUTORS: BECKY PEDERSON ‘Tis the season for the HANNAH N. MCCLURE ANN TOM sweet, juicy, overabundance of apples! There are so many ways to turn your bounty into delicious treats or make your own apple cider vinegar for several uses around the homestead. We’ve included some easy and delicious recipes that your taste buds will thank you for as well as several helpful apple cider vinegar hacks. ENJOY! "Even if I knew that tomorrow the world would go to pieces, I would still plant my apple tree."— Martin Luther

APPLE CRISP (SERVES SIX)

INGREDIENTS 4 cups peeled, sliced apples 1 teaspoon cinnamon 1 teaspoon salt 1/4 cup water 3/4 cup all-purpose flour 1 cup sugar 1/3 cup butter

DIRECTIONS Place apples in a buttered baking dish and sprinkle with the cinnamon, salt, and water. Combine the flour, sugar, and butter. Use a pastry blender for mixing flour, sugar, and butter until crumbly. Turn mixture over apple slices. Bake at 350 degrees F for 40 minutes. Serve warm with cream or ice cream.

TIP: MCINTOSH, HONEYCRISP, WEALTHY, AND BRAEBURN APPLES WORK GREAT FOR CRISPS!

This is one of my favorite autumn recipes. It is DIRECTIONS one my grandma often baked. Cream butter by stirring it well. Add sugar gradually. Beat egg until light and beat into mixture until creamy. Mix in the chopped apples and optional nuts. APPLE BROWNIES Sift together flour, baking powder, baking soda, INGREDIENTS salt, and cinnamon. Stir lightly into apple mixture. 1 stick soft butter Turn into a greased 7”x11” pan and bake at 1 cup white sugar 350 degrees F for 40 minutes. Place pan 1 egg on a wire rack to cool. Cut into bars. 2 medium-sized apples, pared, cored, and chopped fine 1/2 cup chopped nuts (optional) BECKY PEDERSON lives in Wisconsin and is an old- 1 cup flour fashioned type of person who has always cooked 1/2 teaspoon baking powder and baked all of her goods from scratch. She’s 1/2 teaspoon baking soda an avid flower and vegetable gardener who also enjoys canning, sewing, crocheting, deer hunting, 1/4 teaspoon salt playing her saxophone (amongst many other 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon instruments), and spending time with her family.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 73 farm to fork :: autumn apple recipes

HIS RECIPE IS ONE THAT I adjusted years ago from an Tovernight apple butter recipe that I found on Pinterest. One of my favorite ways to preserve apples is in the form of slow (and I mean slow) cooked apple butter. It can be done late in the summer, late fall, or even during the winter when you’re still able to find orchard-fresh apples. The reason I love this recipe is it bursts with full fall flavor and yet doesn’t tie me to the kitchen while I’m busy enjoying the fall fun and tucking away the last bits of harvest from our garden. It is nearly foolproof and is a family favorite in our home.

FARMHOUSE APPLE BUTTER DIRECTIONS In a slow cooker on high, cook all INGREDIENTS ingredients for 10-12 hours. This can 1 1/2 cup fresh apple cider be done during the day or overnight. 1 3/4 cup sugar Once apples are tender, remove 1 pod star anise cinnamon sticks and pod star anise. 1 tablespoon ground cinnamon 3 cinnamon sticks Using an emulsion blender, blend 1/2 teaspoon nutmeg apples, juice, and remaining spices to 1 teaspoon clove desired consistency. I like it smooth, 1/2 - 1 teaspoon sea salt though some prefer chunky. 1/2 teaspoon ginger 1/3 cup lemon juice Turn slow cooker to low and leave Roughly 5 lbs. apples — peeled, cored, and chopped the lid cracked a bit for the moisture ** hint - I like to pick two to three different varieties of apples** to escape. Cook another 8-12 hours till desired thickness is achieved.

74 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL Ladle HOT apple butter into clean mason jars. Wipe the rim with a clean, damp cloth SLOW COOKER APPLE CIDER and check that the rim is free of chips, cracks, and/or debris. Set a clean, unused INGREDIENTS lid on and tighten with canning ring. 8 apples cored and quartered* 3-4 cinnamon sticks Process in water bath for 15 minutes. 1 tablespoon whole cloves Makes three to four pints per slow 1 teaspoon whole allspice cooker. I personally run two to three slow 10 cups water cookers at a time to fill a water bath. 1/2 cup brown sugar If you are new to canning, be sure to follow the basic directions for hot packing a mason DIRECTIONS jar, which can be found in any Ball canning Place your quartered apples into a slow cooker. Add in book or through your local extension office. cinnamon sticks, cloves, and allspice then pour in water. Safety when canning is extremely important. Cook on high for 3 hours. Happy and safe canning, friends! Mash the apples with a potato masher or a blender stick. Add in brown sugar. Cook an additional 1-3 hours on low.

HANNAH N. MCCLURE is an old soul Strain and store liquids in the refrigerator for up to homemaker and mother of four from Ohio. one week. It can also be frozen. Discard solids. Gardening, keeping bees, sewing, raising chickens/seasonal hogs, and baking/ cooking from scratch are a few things *Gala, McIntosh, Empire, Honeycrisp, Golden Delicious, Fiji, and Braeburn she enjoys in her homemaking. Always work great. Do not use Red Delicious apples as their flavor is too mild learning and always chasing her littles. and skin too tough. Find her on Instagram @muddyoakhenhouse

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 75 homesteading hacks :: apple cider vinegar “Men are like wine — some turn to vinegar, but the best improve with age." — Pope John XXIII

APPLE CIDER VINEGAR 7 ALL-AROUND USEFUL HACKS

BY JENNIFER VANBENSCHOTEN

HERE’S A JOKE THAT CIRCULATES AMONG the health and wellness professionals in my Tcommunity: just put some apple cider vinegar on it! No matter what the ailment is, apple cider vinegar seems to be regarded as a panacea, cure- all these days. While it seems as though people everywhere are touting apple cider vinegar as medicine for everything, it is one of my favorite hacks for a number of common ailments and uses. Unless you’re making your own apple cider vinegar, look for a brand that is organic or “raw." You’ll notice some separation in the apple cider vinegar and you’ll have to shake it up before you use it. This is the “mother” of your vinegar — a cluster of protein, enzymes, and good bacteria that are removed when the vinegar is filtered or processed. Filtered ACV is great in a pinch, but you’ll get way more of the health benefits if you choose a vinegar with the mother.

Relieve the symptoms of a gall bladder attack: I never would have believed it, but when I was diagnosed with a “lazy” gallbladder, my primary 1care physician recommended I take two tablespoons of apple cider vinegar twice a day while I was experiencing symptoms. Without taking anything else, the raw apple cider vinegar eased the nausea and the uncomfortable bloating of the gall bladder attack. Raw ACV can also be used in small amounts to quickly relieve indigestion. Dilute the raw ACV with equal

76 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “Men are like wine — some turn to vinegar, but the best improve with age." — Pope John XXIII

parts water to help balance the in the kitchen and bath. While it outrageous claims being made pH of your digestive system and doesn’t have the same germ-killing about the uses for and health relieve acid reflux or indigestion. abilities as stronger industrial- benefits of apple cider vinegar, strength cleaner, ACV is my favorite the fact remains that this stuff Cold and cough relief: At way to clean up stinky messes is one of the most versatile the first sign of a cold or in the kitchen. It’s fantastic for ingredients in my home remedies cough, taking a tablespoon deodorizing leftover containers hacks toolbox. Whether you’re of2 raw apple cider vinegar can that have sat in my husband’s looking for a chemical-free way help boost your immune system. car for too long (yikes), and even to clean your home or a natural For relief from a cough, mix two for neutralizing minor pet stain remedy for the common cold, tablespoons of ACV with one accidents throughout the house. I’ll always keep a few bottles of tablespoon of honey and take it my favorite raw, unfiltered, and every four hours. It also works to Use it when poaching or hard organic apple cider vinegar in relieve the discomfort of a sore boiling eggs: If your eggs crack the pantry all year long. throat! (Of course, my favorite frequently when you’re hard way to use apple cider vinegar 6boiling them, adding a tablespoon to relieve cold symptoms is to or two of apple cider vinegar to use it to make fire cider every the boiling water can help the egg In the heart of the Adirondack mountains, JENNIFER winter, but make sure you start whites firm up faster and prevent VANBENSCHOTEN raises on your fire cider well before cold a mess in the pot. Likewise, when chickens for eggs, keeps season to give it time to steep.) you’re poaching eggs, adding bees for honey, and grows a tablespoon of vinegar to the her own food. Jennifer enjoys Clear up acne: the antibacterial poaching liquid can help you scratch cooking, writing creative nonfiction and poetry, properties of apple cider produce consistently perfect teaching yoga, and creating vinegar can help clear up poached eggs every time! How handmade beaded jewelry. 3minor outbreaks of acne and does it work? The acid of the apple act as an organic, natural facial cider vinegar reacts with the egg toner. Just dab a small bit of ACV white and causes it to firm up faster on a cotton ball, and gently rub when the eggs are in hot water. over the affected area. Pouring two cups of ACV in your warm In the garden: If you struggle bathtub can also help improve with adjusting the pH of your skin tone over your entire body. soil and your acid-loving 7plants need a little love, mix a Improve the condition of your cup of raw, unfiltered ACV with hair: If you have oily hair or get a gallon of water and gently mix a lot of “buildup” in your hair this into your soil. ACV makes a from4 your shampoo or other styling great natural fertilizer when diluted products, giving yourself a quick a little more — about 10 ounces rinse with apple cider vinegar once of ACV mixed with a gallon of a week can help restore the pH of water is a wonderful chemical- your scalp and dissolve anything free alternative for fertilizing your dulling the shine of your hair. An herbs and vegetables. Apple cider added bonus: if you’ve got dark vinegar also makes a wonderful brown or reddish hair, a weekly chemical-free cleaner for your TRUE QUALITY LASTS GENERATIONS. rinse with ACV can help enhance gardening tools and terra cotta pots. That’s why we back our iconic red your hair’s natural color without It’s antibacterial, antifungal, and mills with an heirloom guarantee. any chemicals or dyes! odor busting properties make it It’s also why we’re so proud to back families who know the enduring, my go-to cleaner when I’m looking nutrient-rich benefits of home-milled Bust odors in the kitchen: The to clean up clay pots that have sat whole grains. www.grainmaker.com antibacterial and antifungal neglected for too long or to remove properties of apple cider rust from my garden shears. vinegar5 make it a useful cleaner While I’ve seen some pretty

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 77 GMR-1/6 Ad.indd 1 6/13/16 5:13 PM countryside bookstore :: homesteading

The Natural First Aid Handbook Storey’s Guide to Keeping By Brigitte Mars, HerBalist aHg Honey Bees, 2nd Edition Cayenne pepper can stop bleed- By MalcolM t. sanford & ricHard e. Bonney ing. Garlic helps alleviate a toothache. Honey soothes a burn. This trusted handbook is a must- When an emergency situation have for novice and seasoned bee- arises, simple home remedies can keepers alike. Now totally rede- play a vital role in easing symp- signed and featuring color photos toms and providing immediate and graphics, the second edition help. This quick-reference hand- also includes up-to-date information book spells out hundreds of life- on honey bee health. The go-to ref- saving techniques, commonsense erence presents comprehensive yet tips, and time-tested herbal rem- accessible information on everything edies that everyone should know. from planning hives and installing a From how to perform basic CPR colony to preventing disease and and the Heimlich Maneuver to the best immediate response managing productive hives that will to natural disasters, you’ll find the most practical, effective bear bountiful honey harvests year after year. 224 pages actions to take to ensure survival. 192 pages $24.95 $14.95 Essential Oils Homegrown Honey Bees By aletHea Morrison By stepHanie tourles This friendly, accessible introduc- Discover the joys of harvesting tion to the 25 most versatile oils honey from your own backyard. for health and wellness highlights Alethea Morrison outlines what the key characteristics of laven- you’ll need to know to make it der, chamomile, eucalyptus, lem- through the first year, while stun- on, peppermint, rosemary, tea ning macrophotography by Mars tree, and other popular oils. You’ll Vilaubi brings the inner workings learn how to blend and apply of the hive to life. With in-depth these highly concentrated aro- discussions of allergies, colony matherapy oils for use from head hierarchy, bee behavior, and to toe. 248 pages more, this approachably informative guide bursts with enthu- $16.95 siastic encouragement. Keep your own bees, and enjoy the sweet buzz. 160 pages The Good Living Guide to Keeping $14.95 Sheep and Other Fiber Animals By Janet garMan 99 1/2 Homesteading Poems A comprehensive and inspiring guide to small-scale fiber farming and wool By Kenny coogan crafting. Fiber crafts — such as knit- Inspiration and advice through ting, weaving, and crocheting — con- themed poems covering gardening, tinue to surge in popularity, with sites DIY projects, building community, rais- like Ravelry (a social media commu- ing livestock and over 20 farm- to- nity for the wool obsessed) gaining fork recipes. Poems are functional more than six million members. Artists yet funny. Empowers homesteaders, are seeking quality raw materials in urban-farmers and city slickers to greater numbers. The cottage indus- start living a sustainable, self-reliant try of supplying not only raw fleece, life. 84 pages but handcrafted yarns, is strong. The proper care of fiber $19.95 animals leads to a superior yarn product. Lapses in good care can show up in the fleece. Give your animals a good home and a happy life and enjoy superior fleece and yarn For a complete list of books visit: products for your own homestead or to sell. 160 pages $14.99 iamcountryside.com/shop

78 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SAVE SAVE 50% Hive Management Storey's Guide 25% By ricHard e. Bonney to Raising Chickens

Here is a guide that offers concise, up- By gail daMerow to-date information on the whole range of beekeeping tasks, including: How to This informative book for both begin- prevent, control, and capture swarms.; ning and experienced chicken owners What you can tell from an outside in- covers breed selection, building feed- spection of your hives.; When and how ers and shelters, how to collect and to “take the crop” and harvest honey.; store your eggs to maintain freshness How to successfully requeen – from (or hatching), care for chicks, maintain- handling and marking queens to meth- ing good flock health, raising broil- ods of.; Introducing one into a hive.; ers for meat, showing your birds, and The problem signs to look for when you more. 438 pages open up a hive. 152 pages $19.95 $16.95 Now $14.99 — Save 25% Now $8.49 — Save 50% Water-Wise Home SAVE 50% Country Life Coloring Book By laura allen By caitlyn Keegan Are you looking for ways to save water — or money? This accessible The delightful rural images and guide by Laura Allen, founder of timeless country sayings in the Greywater Action, explains how to Country Life Coloring Book pro- use water smartly and efficiently, vide a distinctive take on the increasing supply, saving money, current coloring craze. These 45 reducing wear on your septic sys- ready-to-color pages include tem, and fulfilling your home and a mixture of intricately hand- garden needs. She describes prov- lettered phrases and charming en conservation techniques, ex- scenes of farm life and outdoor plains how to create a water-wise beauty — including chickens, landscape, and provides illustrated, step-by-step instructions honey bees on flowers, and for setting up a waterless composting toilet as well as systems barns. 45 pages to reuse greywater, harvest rainwater, and more.. 256 pages $12.95 $24.95 Now $12.49 — Save 50%

SAVE Fences For 25% Pasture & Garden The Electric Fencing Handbook By gail daMerow By ann larKin Hansen A well-made fence brings peace Use electric fencing to protect your of mind if you keep livestock or livestock, poultry, beehives, and tend a garden that’s vulnerable garden. Portable electric fencing to wildlife predators, you know is key to successful rotational graz- that a good fence is essential for ing, while permanent electric fenc- protecting your investment. Fences ing effectively protects gardens For Pasture & Garden is a practi- and orchards and secures large cal, easy-to-use guide to selecting, pastures. Through clear instructions planning, and building fences that accessible to everyone, you’ll learn work. Filled with sound, up-to-date when to use these methods or a advice and instruction, Fences for combination of the two, plus how to plan for, build, and main- Pasture & Garden makes fence-building a task anyone can tack- tain your electric fencing. This crucial tool is cost effective and le with confidence. 154 pages versatile, but veteran farmer and author Ann Larkin Hansen $16.95 also explains what not to do with an electric fence. 95 pages Now $12.75 — Save 25% Only $14.95

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 79 countryside bookstore :: homesteading Ball® Complete Preserving Book A Guide to Canning, Freezing, Curing SAVE By Judi Kingry and lauren deVine & Smoking Meat, Fish, & Game SAVE 25% These 400 innovative and enticing By wilBur f. eastMan, Jr. 50% recipes include everything from sal- Learn the safe, practical, and inexpensive sas and savory sauces to pickling, ways to best preserve your meat, fish, and chutneys, relishes and of course, jams, game. This no-nonsense guide to canning, jellies, and fruit spreads. The book freezing, curing, and smoking meat, fish, includes comprehensive directions on and game is written in down-to-earth, in- safe canning and preserving methods formative, everyday language. Includes plus lists of required equipment and dozens of delicious recipes for home- utensils. Specific instructions for first- made beef jerky, pemmican, venison timers and handy tips for the experi- mincemeat, corned beef, bacon, Cana- ® enced make the Ball Complete Book dian bacon, smoked sausage, liverwurst, of Home Preserving a valuable addition to any kitchen li- bologna, pepperoni, fish chowder, cured brary. 448 pages turkey, a variety of hams and more. Learn tasty pickling methods $22.95 for tripe, fish, beef, pork, and oysters. 231 pages Now $17.21 — Save 25% $16.95 Now $8.49 — Save 50% The Big Book of SAVE 25% Preserving the Harvest How to Store Your SAVE 50% By carol w. costenBader Home-Grown Produce Suggestions and instructions for By JoHn and Val Harrison preserving all varieties of foods Did your tomato plant produce twice as including jams and jellies, oils many tomatoes as you’d planned? Grow and vinegars, and attractive gifts too much cabbage? Harvest too many make this the only book a home blueberries? If so, here is practical advice preserver will need The Big Book on how to bottle, dry, freeze, and even salt of Preserving the Harvest covers home-grown fruits and vegetables. Dis- handling and managing produce cover extra storage space in your home fresh from the market or garden. or learn how to convert a shed or garage Also canning and freezing jams, to store your tasty products. Learn how to jellies, and preserves, adding make chutneys from fruit; pickles from cucumbers; and ciders, pectin, and gift ideas. 347 pages jams, and even ketchup from your garden! 186 pages. $19.95 $12.95 Now $14.25 — Save 25% Now $6.49 — Save 50% SAVE Fermented Vegetables 25% SAVE Root Cellaring 25% By MiKe and nancy BuBel By Kristen K. sHocKey & cHristopHer sHocKey Fermented foods are a delicious, In Root Cellaring, the Bubels tell how healthy addition to any diet, includ- to successfully use this natural storage ing the Paleo diet. They’re full of nu- approach. It’s the first book devoted tritious bacteria and probiotics that entirely to the subject, and it covers the aid in digestion and boost the immune subject with a thoroughness that makes system. A classic preserving method, it the only book you’ll ever need on the lacto-fermentation process yields root cellaring. Root cellaring need not nutrient-dense live foods packed with be strictly a country concept. A root vitamins, minerals, enzymes—and cellar can considerably stretch the re- flavor!—and is easy enough for complete beginners. Master the sources of a small garden, making it techniques for making sauerkraut, kimchi, pickles, and ferment- easy to grow late succession crops for ed condiments, then explore how to apply those simple skills to storage instead of many rows for canning and freezing. Best fermenting more than 60 fresh vegetables, herbs, and even a of all, root cellars can easily fit anywhere.298 pages few fruits!. 376 pages. $14.95 $24.95 Now $11.25 — Save 25% Now $18.75 — Save 25%

80 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL 40 Projects For Building The Real Wolf Your Backyard Homestead By ted B. lyon & will n. graVes By daVid toHt An in-depth study of the impact that wolves have had on big game and live- 40 Projects for Building Your Back- stock populations as a federally pro- yard Homestead provides details on tected species. Expert authors Ted B. Lyon how to build more than 40 projects to enhance readers’ sustainable liv- and Will N. Graves, sift through the myths ing. Even if you are only moderately and misinformation surrounding wolves handy, you’ll discover the tools and and present the facts about wolves in techniques for building your own modern times. Each chapter in the book feeders, fences, and structures. In the is meticulously researched and written by authors, biologists, process, you’ll save money and have geneticists, outdoor enthusiasts, and wildlife experts who have the satisfaction of doing it yourself. 255 pages. spent years studying wolves and wolf behavior. 388 pages Only $16.95 Only $19.99

Straw Bale Gardens Complete

By Joel Karsten The most exciting breakthrough in vegetable gardening in a generation! Just a couple of years ago almost no one in the gardening world had heard about straw bale gardening. Today, it is the hottest new method for veggie growing, with tens of thousands of dedicated followers across the globe. Straw bale gardens offer: high yields; no weeding; no soil; extended growing season by weeks; can be conventional or 100% organic, your choice; can go anywhere, even balconies and driveways. 176 pages. Only $24.99

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 81 countryside :: community

CAPTURE YOUR COUNTRYSIDE AND SHARE IT WITH US! We love getting a glimpse into your everyday homesteading moments.

1 2

3 4

1 Clarabelle. Lankosz Farm (@lankosz.barnyard) 2 Dill and Peppercorn. The littlest duo on the farm. Mandi Chamberlain (@wildoakfarms) 3 ‘That’s not how you wear it, darling.’ Monique gives concerned fashion advice to Tallulah after her halter slipped off her nose. Katelyn (@fancifelt) 4 Now back to our regularly scheduled farm things! Copper Feather Farms (@ cupofjoelene)

EMAIL PHOTOS in MESSAGE US TAG US ON MAIL YOUR ENTRY TO: JPG format to editor@ ON FACEBOOK INSTAGRAM or use Countryside, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 countrysidemag.com facebook.com/ #iamcountryside: WAYS To have your photos returned, please include with “Capture Your iamcountryside instagram.com/ a self-addressed stamped envelope. TO SHARE Countryside” in the iamcountryside subject line. Countryside & Small Stock Journal retains the right to publish and/or reproduce any and all photos submitted. The sheep! Bookstore The sheep! Bookstore Shearing Day Sheep Handling,Shearing Wool Science, Day & Shearing With Blades Sheep Handling, Wool Science, & Shearing With Blades By Kevin Ford By Kevin Ford Kevin began shearing with instruction from his father’s relative, Bernie Nohilly. They were in the villageKevin ofbegan Kilskeagh shearing during with Kevin’sinstruction month from visit his father’sto Galway, relative, Ireland, Bernie in Nohilly.1975. InThey 1991 were he in spent the two villagemonths of shearing Kilskeagh in duringthe blade Kevin’s sheds month of visit the toSouth Galway, Island Ireland, of New in 1975.Zealand In 1991 following he spent a week-long two monthsinstructional shearing course in the at blade which shedshe received of the Southblade Island shearer of Newcertification Zealand fromfollowing the Newa week-long Zealand Wool instructionalboard. He coursenow annually at which shearshe received more bladethan 4000shearer sheep certification and goats, from many the New of themZealand in smallWool Mas- sachusetts flocks. He has given talks board.on wool He to nowspinners annually and shearssheep morebreeders than organizations,4000 sheep and given goats, public many demonstrations of them in small and Masworkshops,- instructedsachusetts apprentices flocks. He has and given written talks articles on wool on to blade spinners shearing. and sheep 145 breederspages, $34.95 organizations, Hardcover given public demonstrations and workshops, instructed apprentices and written articles on blade shearing. 145 pages, $34.95 Hardcover

Sheep Success Success MoreMore Sheep, Sheep, More More Grass, Grass, The LowLow CostCost CostwoldCostwold WayWay MoreMore Money Money (A Better EweEwe & & BigBig Bucks,Bucks, Too)Too) By PeterBy P Seterchroedter Schroedter By nathan GriFFith By nathan GriFFith AfterAfter 20 years 20 years raising raising sheep sheepin Manitoba’s in Manitoba’s In- In- terlaketerlake region, region, Peter Peter and Linda and Linda Schroedter Schroedter figure figure Filled with great ideas for a profitable Filled with great ideas for a profitable they’rethey’re ready ready to share to sharea bit aof bittheir of hard-earnedtheir hard-earned Cotswold flock, this book also shows how you can Cotswold flock, this book also shows how you can knowledge.knowledge. More MoreSheep, Sheep, More Grass,More Grass,More Money More Moneyis is earn more money regardless of breed. See how earn more money regardless of breed. See how an entertaining,an entertaining, informative informative primer primer on turning on turning consis- consis- today’s shepherds are getting up to six times the today’s shepherds are getting up to six times the tent profitstent profits raising raising sheep, sheep, without withoutworking working yourself yourself to to usual net returns by using long-established but usual net returns by using long-established but exhaustion.exhaustion. It’s a It’swonderful a wonderful blend blendof hilarious of hilarious obser- obser- not widely known strategies for breeding, grow- not widely known strategies for breeding, grow- vationvation and practicaland practical advice. advice. This book This coversbook coversevery- every- ing,ing, and and selling. selling. Boost Boost your your flock’s flock’s profits profits with with thing from pasture and stock management to sheep any one of the thrifty shepherd skills you’ll find thing from pasture and stock management to sheep any one of the thrifty shepherd skills you’ll findnutrition, nutrition, guard guard dogs dogs and andmany many other other things things concerning concerning sheep sheepproduction. production. Pe- Pe- in this book. 204204 pages, $14.00$14.00 in this book. ter terSchroedter Schroedter is a issheep a sheep rancher rancher and part-timeand part-time writer. writer. 112 pages, 112 pages,$12.95 $12.95

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84 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL "A good laugh overcomes more difficulties and dissipates more dark clouds than any other one thing." — Laura Ingalls Wilder

COUNTRYSIDECOUNTR WORDSEARCHYSIDE REA READERDER C CONTESTONTES SEPTEMBER/OCTOBERT SEPT/OCT 20 201919

V Z A U H S X L F T E V F O V U G N I V A E W I G V N I A E J Q R P F A D E E W K L I M A O S H B Q I G P N A X U F E E R V G M K Y I A M J W A W R A K O A M B I G Q T R N L B E R M I B U K M F T L O M U L G T N O I T A R G I M J G O D L L G T G X S N C I T B U T T E R X P X A K K C E U O U M G O X U R T L N I Z B Z B E Q J Q L F F X A Y R S T V R A P M A O E V I Y E U M K K O V D T V A I J S R R T H Z F O K P B H Q I T G C O Z W M A U H S A P F E W D Z R G X S D G K Y D I M O R F I A G N X A Y T O D E G P K F F Z Z Y B Q D S Z F C P T O R K V A Y D Q A L A Y Z E Q S E A L A O K O S Y C B P G N H F T N B K N L C M R I S O Z S U J W K U O B W I I I F I A R O Z R E Z D Y L I Q C N I H S K T V L B B L C G V O O V Z T R N K H F N M O M K R A C L S E L N S M W O X L K N S D W X D N G G A E N R O O R E C S L L V A J I T C I G D E I M M X U C O P N I H I A C K P F A X B N W F Y L A S P B M V O N I O O E O W P D E E L W R L B O D J N E K S X I B O Q M O T L U A X Y B L J X Y A Y E M I P D W F L P Q P N E C T P U M P K I N S H N N S L B A C C I H J F S K S Q J V Z Z J M E H E S G P L W V K C P B O J S G I P W H L Z Q U V P B Y L P A L G A E U

FRUIT MIGRATION POLLINATE ALGAE FISH SCHOOL SHEEP JAM CRAFT FIBER LOOM MILKWEED PURSLANE CLOVER PUMPKINS FALL MEALWORMS MOLT HONEY APPLES HACKS TILAPIA VENISON CURRANTS BUTTER WEAVING GOAT SMART ORGANIC PIGS DUCKS MASON

Win a Countryside Beanie! Name: To submit, either: ______Print, fill out, and mail to: ______Countryside Reader Contest P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451

Print, fill out, then take a The winner will be picture and email to: chosen randomly [email protected] from all the correct submissions returned Be sure to include your contact by Oct 15, 2019 information so we can inform you if you won the Countryside beanie. Special Issue Reader Contest Winner – Coreen Kay Resseguie, Michigan

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 85 countryside :: almanack almanackPoor Will’s COUNTRYSIDE EARLY AND MIDDLE AUTUMN OF 2019

BY W. L. FELKER

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY Consider a vitamin Plan to market your Hunt the damp Test the soil and Do your Thanks- As cold weather Complete autumn supplement or kids and lambs to woods for puffball make corrective giving turkey settles in, provide culling of your apple cider vinegar the numerous mushrooms. Check lime and fertilizer marketing now. plenty of bedding goats before for your moulting ethnic feasts that for fallen black applications for Have your turkeys straw for your pigs all of your grain hens to help them take place this walnuts and hickory autumn plantings. all placed before so they don’t get disappears. Start replace protein month. Then look nuts, too. the leaves turn! chilled. with the wethers. required to grow ahead to Hallow- Double-check your October is one of new feathers. een and the winter birds for Blackhead the year’s strongest holidays. disease. wether market 1 Labor Day 2 3 4 5 6 months. 7 Hours of sunlight Autumn grass may Divide perennials for The waxing Moon Vaccinate your The Full Moon near Adding manure decline throughout be low in protein. spring sales. Select favors the seeding lambs for entero- the September 12 and compost to the nation. Since Consider a protein seeds for November of winter grains toxemia before and 15 cold fronts gardens allows full sunlight is an ef- supplement for and December bed- and green manure you let them out creates the chance incorporation with fective germicide, your horses. Lush ding plant seeding. crops. to clean up the of Northern frost, the soil, eliminates be alert for the fall grasses have Have flats of pansies cornfields after Caribbean hurri- risk of imbalance, gradual increase been related to ready for autumn harvest. canes, and Southern and increases in the possibility of laminitis; inspect planters, too. thunderstorms. earthworm activity disease. hooves regularly. before planting. 8 9 Ashura* 10 11 12 Chuseok** 13 14 Move Halloween Make sure ventila- If you want your Acorns fall, Schedule autumn If you missed Watch for foot rot crops to market. tion is adequate at hens to lay all tempting deer and vaccinations for mum marketing to increase with the floor level and winter, consider hunters. horses, especially time this year, wet September near the ceiling in providing 14 hours shots that will help plan to have your pastures, especial- the chicken coop. of light for them prevent respiratory mums ready for ly in the northern And a smaller area — the period that diseases. Schedule late July and states. Watch for for winter perching usually produce each bred ewe’s August sales next limping animals often means warm- best production. pre-lambing vacci- year. Early gourds with inflamed or er hens. nation. complement the bad smelling feet. 15 16 17 18 19 flowers! 20 21 The demand for Record breeding Heaping leaves Keeping track of If sheep or goats Today’s lunar Forage such as goat’s milk rises in dates of ewes and around kale and when ewes and are killed by coy- perigee, combined oats, Bermuda the fall, and prices does so you can collards can often does come into otes, remove the with New Moon on grass, and summer start to rise, too, monitor weight keep these hardy heat and are bred carcasses quickly the 28th, strength- -seeded brassicas usually remain- gains closely and vegetables alive can simplify your to discourage the en the final cold could extend your ing at their best schedule a shift in through numerous winter. interest of the front of Septem- pasture season through the winter feeding during the heavy frosts. predators. ber, making frost into November or months. last six weeks of almost certain December. pregnancy. across the North. 22 23 24 25 26 27 Rosh Hashanah 28 Be alert for Check beehives August 31 - September 28 | Al Hijirah/ Muharram: This poisoning in on cooler morn- Islamic New Year celebration continues for 29 days. A rise your flock and ings (rather than in halal sales could be expected during this period. herd due to toxic in the heat of the September 29 - October 7 | Navaratri /Navadurgara changes in the day) in order to This Hindu feast honors the goddess Durga. Female chemical compo- reduce stress on animals are typically not used for this celebration. sition of grasses your bees and the *Ashura: Commemorates the martyrdom of Muhammad’s and alfalfa after likelihood that you september grandson, Hussein. It also celebrates Noah’s survival from the Great Flood. frost. will be stung. 29 30 **Harvest Moon Festival or Chuseok: Often observed by Korean Americans and others of Asian descent.

86 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL “Look to the great harvest when all things will bear fruit and will be ready for the gathering.” — Paracelsus

SUNDAY MONDAY TUESDAY WEDNESDAY THURSDAY FRIDAY SATURDAY After leaves are Review the coming Gradually When enough Check sludge down, Red Berry fall and winter increase feeding leaves have fallen depth in septic Season begins for challenges to your of grain and free- to open the high tanks while the silver olive shrubs feed supplies, such choice hay as the canopy, then weather is still and Orange Berry as wind loss, mold, weather cools. scouting improves mild. Season for the and other spoilage, This is especially for squirrels. American mountain rodents, insects, important for ash. Collect them and handling costs. pregnant for winter bou- livestock. quets. 1 2 3 4 5 Place winter bulbs Complete autumn Harvest honey from Schedule garlic Feed sugar or Finish fence and As the weather indoors in light culling before feed your hives (leaving planting for after corn syrup to outbuilding repairs cools, keep warm soil and store supplements are plenty for the Full Moon. bees when the before the weather water on hand for them in a place needed. Animals bees). nights grow cold turns cold. Remem- your brood ewes where tempera- that can be kept at and flowers grow ber to eliminate and does. They will tures remain cool a low-cost in the scarce. the drafts from the be drinking more (but not freezing). summer turn out barn but not the now. to be expensive as ventilation. pastures become 6 dormant. 7 8 9 10 11 12 The mid-October Avoid giving too The heaviest time As soil tempera- The moon is dark- The deer rut Consider worm- high-pressure much grain to your of Halloween tures approach 50°, ening, favoring in most areas ing your horses system usually animals. It can lead market sales pasture growth vaccinations, should increase around the same puts an end to the to extra fat in the begins as rutting slows. Be ready to surgery, and and peak during time a heavy frost warm days, and udder and repro- time begins for take up the slack livestock care. the middle of kills tender gar- this year, today’s ductive tract which deer along the with supplemental November. Check den vegetables. Full High Leaf can have negative 40th Parallel. feed. hunting seasons Color Moon will impacts on in your region intensify breeding and milk (and this issue’s the cold. 13 production. 14 15 16 17 Sckrambler). 18 19 Winterize your Horses grow The nutlets of the Dogs and cats can Schedule your Plant amaryllis and Today’s lunar chicken coops be- thicker hair in the goldenrod are spread their fleas Christmas tree paperwhite bulbs perigee and tomor- fore November’s fall. Check their especially attrac- to hogs and other sales to begin for mid-December row’s New Moon cold and rain (and shelters for leaks tive for deer after livestock. Keep around the Friday blooms at indoor are likely to bring snow). in order to protect acorns are gone. your pets free of after Thanksgiving. holiday markets. precipitation, then their coats from Cranberries and parasites through- frost all across the rain, followed by standing corn are out the fall and North. Conditions chills. popular, too. winter to come. will be favorable for a Caribbean 20 21 22 23 24 25 hurricane. 26 In the cranberry Leaves of the un- High pollen counts Cuttings of last Daylight Saving regions of the derstory shrubbery are over in most of year’s Christmas Time ends on country, most of usually lasts around the country until cacti should be November 3. Make the berries have three weeks longer Early Spring. ready for market- a gradual feeding been brought in than the leaves of ing for the winter transition for your from the bogs. the high canopy, holidays. family and live- providing browsing stock to Standard october feed and cover for Time. deer. 27 28 29 30 Halloween 31

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 87 countryside :: almanack

THE PLANETS THE SHOOTING STARS of soggy pasture are most likely to occur in Mars and Venus are too close to the The Draconid meteors fall at the rate of about connection with tropical storms, especially near setting sun for easy viewing. Jupiter, 10 per hour from the constellation Draco to lunar perigee, September 27 and October 26, however, is a prominent Evening Star, the northwest of the North Star after midnight new Moon on September 28 and October 27, shining in Ophiuchus in the southwest. between October 6 and 10. The crescent Moon and full Moon on September 13 and October 13. Visible at dusk in Sagittarius, Saturn follows is not likely to obscure these shooting stars. Jupiter into the horizon after midnight. The Orionid meteors appear in Orion in the THE SUN night of October 21 and 22 at the rate of 15 to September 23 THE STARS 30 per hour. The waning gibbous Moon may Autumn Equinox occurs (and the Sun enters In the east near midnight, winter’s Orion obscure some of those meteors with its light. its Middle Autumn sign of Libra) at 2:50 a.m. rises behind Taurus and the Pleiades. October 24 In the northern sky, the Big Dipper hugs METEOROLOGY Cross-quarter Day, the halfway mark the horizon. Deep in the southwest, Weather history suggests that cold waves between autumn equinox and winter Fomalhaut hovers above the tree line. usually cross the Mississippi River on or about solstice. The Sun enters the Late Autumn the following dates: September 2, 8, 12, 15, 20, constellation of Scorpio at the same time. 24 and 29; October 2, 7, 13, 17, 23, and 30. Tornadoes, hail, floods, or prolonged periods

LUNAR FEEDING PATTERNS FOR PEOPLE AND BEASTS PHASES OF THE MOON When the moon is above the continental United States, creatures are typically most active. September 5 The second-most-active times occur when the moon is below the earth. The Autumn Apple Picking Moon enters its second quarter at 10:10 p.m. DATE ABOVE BELOW September 1 – 4 Mornings Evenings September 13 September 5 – 12 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn The Moon reaches apogee at 8:32 September 13 – 21 Evenings Mornings a.m. and is full at 11:23 p.m. September 22 – 27 Midnight to Dawn Afternoons September 28 – 30 Mornings Evenings September 21 The Moon enters its final quarter at 9:41 p.m. October 1 – 4 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn October 5 – 12 Evenings Mornings September 27 October 13 – 20 Midnight to Dawn Afternoons The Moon reaches perigee at 9:27 p.m. October 21– 26 Mornings Evenings October 27 –31 Afternoons Midnight to Dawn September 28 The High Leaf Color Moon is new at 1:26 p.m.

MAY/JUNE October 4 THE SCKRAMBLER The Moon enters its second SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER WINNERS & ANSWERS quarter at 11:47 a.m. WILD GAME Poor Will promised prizes of $5.00 to the 4th, 9th, 19th, 40th and 100th persons who Many people supplement their returned their correct answers. Thirty-four October 10 homestead diet with these animals. correct replies were received. The 4th The Moon reaches apogee at 1:29 p.m. RUTYEK NKSKU came from Claudia Brown of Oakdale, NE; GOHGOURDN EEAWSL the 9th came from Jeffrey M. Dickemann October 13 OWCR SOPMUOS of Richmond, CA; the 19th came from SQRRLUIE NIADAANC SEOGO The Moon is full at 4:08 p.m. ETIWH-LEDTAI EDER ELAT Cathy Martens of Mattapoisett, MA. DFFRUE SEGROU CUDK LAITNOTTOC TIBBAR OCOT SDLOM/MOLDS HASSUAQ EEESLTB/ October 21 INGR-KCNEDE VODE ILBTHG/BLIGHT SQUASH BEETLES The Moon enters its final quarter at 7:38 a.m. EAATNSPH EPINS CABSS/SCABS OIETHWBB UQLAI ILAR AMENTODES/ NEMATODES BLCUOROT/CLUB ROOT OXF 000WDCCK October 26 CCNOORA KERSCAN/CANKERS SLALG/GALLS The Moon reaches perigee at 5:41 a.m. SRTO/ROTS EFAL SSTOP/LEAF SPOTS A prize of $5.00 will be awarded to SURST/RUSTS LACKBTOPS/BLACKSPOT the 3rd , 11th, 27th and 68th persons ILTWS/WILTS SSLUG/SLUGS October 27 who send their correct responses to MPDAGNI FOF/ UTSMS/SMUTS The Sleeping Frog Moon is new 10:38 p.m. Poor Will DAMPING OFF IUEVRSS/VIRUSES P.O. Box 431 YREDWOP WEDMIL/ REDSPI TIESM/ Yellow Springs, OH 45387 POWDERY MILDEW SPIDER MITES HIPAD/SAPHIDS before the answers appear in Countryside. Copyright 2019 – W. L. Felker

88 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 89 countryside :: marketplace

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90 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL PRODUCTS THAT IMPROVE THE LIVES OF BACKYARD FLOCKS AND PET CHICKENS Hen Saver chicken saddle/hen apron • Hen Holster chicken diaper/harness • Birdy Bra crop bra (for pendulous or slow PRESSURE COOKERS/CANNERS crops) • Birdy Bootie (to protect against and heal bumblefoot)

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SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 91 countryside :: breeders rEACH OVEr 100,000 PEOPLE FOr JUST $60/YEAr! November/December 2019 DeADLINe: August 21, 2019

Minnesota BULLFrOGS KUNE KUNE PIGS JoHNsoN’s WAterFoWL, 36882 160th Ave. Ne, middle river, mN 56737. 218-222-3556. buff or White African geese. rANA rANcH buLLFrogs, Po box 1043, KuNe KuNe PIgs oF HoNeYbrooK, 436 church- rouen, silver Appleyard, Pekin, White or black crest- twin Falls, ID 83303-1043. 208-734-0899. town rd., Honeybrook, PA 19344. 717-725-4666. ed, saxony, black or blue magpies, Penciled, White, American bullfrogs (rana Piglets available. registered Kune Kune Pigs. blue, black, grey (mallard), and emory Penciled catesbeiana). Deep soothing music on your pond. runners, White, grey, snowy, black, Penciled, blue Purpose bred, farm-raised, hardy, and prolific. Free bibbed & Pastel call ducklings. Free brochure. info sheet. MINIATUrE LIVESTOCK Missouri Alabama cAcKLe HAtcHerY®, Po box 529, Lebanon, CATTLE LNL mINIFArm, Levon & Lynn sargent, 663 Hulsey mo 65536. 417-532-4581. Arkansas lnlminifarm.com> Fancy chicks, ducks, geese, turkeys, bantams, guineas, pheasants, quail, chukar. Free coLor grAmYbeAr FArm, clair gorton, 1068 syca- AmJA % miniature Jersey & Lowline crossbred mini cAtALog. more Lane, Leslie, Ar 72645. 870-447-2869. beef cattle. mini Jerserys. Fonnie Pennsylvania thoman Line. NIGErIAN DWArF HoFFmAN HAtcHerY, INc. Po box 129c, gratz, Missouri PA 17030. 717-365-3694. chicks, turkeys, ducklings, goslings, guineas, country road 314, Alton, mo 65606. 309-251-4114, gibson Farm, Joe & stephanie gibson, blairsville, PA gamebirds, bantams, equipment. Free cAtALog. cell: 309-251-5832. scottish 15717, 724-422-0304, Highland cattle. Nigerian Dwarf & Wisconsin Alpine Dairy goats. bAsIL's DucKs, todd Prutz, 4751 coolidge Ave., Plo- ver, WI 54467. 715-295-4048. DOGS Wood Duck, mandarin, green POULTrY Wing teal, blue Wing teal, Falcated teal, cinnamon Oklahoma teal, baikal teal, garganey teal, Pintail, redHead, AmerIcAN WorKINg FArmcoLLIe AssocIA- California White redhead, silver redhead, goldeneyes, Hooded tIoN –A national performance registry. tish toren. metZer FArms, 26000c old stage rd., gonzales, merganser, ring teal, mallards, smews, tufted, 580-426-2311. cA 93926. Year-round hatching. Nationwide shipping. greater scaup, ring Neck, ruddy, canvasback, multipurpose Farm Dogs: Free catalog now, 800-424-7755. Ducklings: Pekin, rouen, Khaki campbell, geese. collies, shetland sheepdogs and Kelpies. golden 300 egg Layer, White Layer, blue swedish, buff, cayuga, mallard, Welsh Harlequin, White crested PYGMY GOAT & runners (black, chocolate, blue, Fawn & White) GAME BIrDS goslings: embden, White chinese, brown chinese, California toulouse, Dewlap toulouse, African, buff, tufted buff, A mber WAves Pygmy g oats and Minnesota sebastopol, Pilgrim, roman tufted, chicks: rolin s great Pyrenees ship worldwide. debbie@amber- oAKWooD gAme FArm, INc., Po box red broilers, cornish cross, French Pearl guineas waves.info. Whether you are looking for a loving family 274, Princeton, mN 55371. 800-328-6647. and ringneck Pheasants. Pheasant & chuckar pet or a whole herd, we can help. All babies Hand Patridge. chicks & eggs available. Now smaller Florida Raised. Lifetime Support. 5-Star Verified Breeder. Phone/Fax/text 951-736-1076. quantities of pheasant chicks & eggs available for greeNFIre FArms, www.greenfirefarms.com. shipping. ultra-rare imported breeds: Ayam cemani, cream Legbar, swedish Flower Hens, bielefelder, marans, SHEEP Isbar, barbezieux, bresse, sulmtaler, spitzhauben, GOATS olandsk Dwarf, orust, barnevelder, merlerault, Niederrheiner, marsh Daisy, Altsteirer, east Frisian Iowa gull, Lyonaisse, malines, Pavlovskaya, Queen silvia, ALPAcA/LLAmAs D & e DAIrY goAts, 2977 Linn buchanan rd., cog- swedish black Hen, sussex, twentse, Lavender gon, IA 52218. 319-350-5819. Facebook: d&edairygoat. Alpine, saanen. selling crImsoN sHAmrocK, David moran/Lori Wall, Po 200 head annually. Illinois box 7, eglon, Wv 26716. 304-735-6413. Virginia wen, 14025 cty rd 975 e, mcLeansboro, IL 62859. suri rosA mYstIcA mINIAture NubIAN goAts, 618-643-5602. Wensleydale sheep. White & colored robert & mary Jo thompson, 1591 Willow tree rd., com> coronation breeding stock, fleeces & yarn. ewing, vA 24248. 502-263-3467. mini Nubian. green sussex, Light sussex, Lavender orpington, chocolate gables bloodlines. beautiful, friendly pets, ample orpington, Jubilee orpington, black orpington, black milk/half the feed. easy to handle. When you're in copper marans, blue copper marans, blue Laced red AmerIcAN bLAcKbeLLY the area please stop by whether you're looking or Wyandotte, crested cream Legbar, Welsummers, dreaming. Welcome. blue Ameraucana, black Ameraucana, rumpless Oklahoma Araucana, olive egger, Ayam cemani, maline. tImber rIDge FArm, L.c, L.L.c. cody, 6612 NW. HOGS 38th st. #1523, bethany, oK 73008. 405-640-4651. Iowa American blackbelly. anan rd., coggon, IA 52218. 319-350-9130. WHIte bIsoN FArm, Dave & Jodi cronauer, rare and fancy 5711 Karls Ln., Laona, WI 54541. 715-674-2287. peafowl, guineas, chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, bAbYDoLL soutHDoWN Idaho Pasture Pigs, KuneKune Pigs, American most economical and diverse poultry assortment Georgia bison, gypsy vanner Horses. available. beAr creeK bArNYArD, ricky & renee Willis,

92 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL 1043 bear creek rd., moreland, gA 30259. ph 770-254-1962. visit us on Fb: bear creek barnyard. olde english babydoll sheep. New York rhode Island APPLe rose FArm, elizabeth Ferraro, Po box Michigan coNtINeNtAL Dorset cLub Inc., Debra Hopkins, 695, Peru, NY 12972. executive secretary/treasurer, Po box 506, North meNDINg WALL FArm, Judy & ed Lowe, Po box 518-645-3373. cormo & 722, Assonet, mA 02702. 508-644-5088. Dorset sheep. homestead.com> cotsWoLD North Carolina bArbADos bLAcKbeLLY cANe creeK vALLeY FArm, margaret burns, 301 Kentucky cane creek rd, rutherfordton, Nc 28139. 828-286- COBBLEMEAD COTSWOLDS, Nathan & Eva Griffith, Virginia 0159. Purebred Dorsets 3916 taylor-estes rd., Louisville, KY 40245. 502-593- KNoLL Acres, roman J. miller, 1491 vir- since 1974. 9889. traditional-type gina Avenue, Apt 401, Harrisonburg, vA 22802. cotswold sheep. (AcrA.) Virginia 540-383-0281. FrANKForD FArm, Lisa murphy, Po box 349, barbados blackbelly. Massachusetts berryville, vA 22611. 540-955-1293. Ile de France x Dorset. bLueFAceD LeIcester wecker, 18 elm st., Plympton, mA 02367. 781-585- 1639. FINNsHeeP Michigan PItcHForK rANcH, margaret van camp, 4190 Dogs New York cook rd., swartz creek, mI 48473. 810-655-4091. PoINt oF vIeW FArm, caraLeigh Wilson & sten, cell: 810-814-3406 bluefaced Leicester, teeswater, Po box 535, bangall, NY 12506. 845-868-4140. bLAcKHAveNs FArm shellie greyhavens, Athens, romney, trained guard llamas. oH 45701. 740-592-1073. registered Finnsheep. great Pyrenees, Icelandic sheep, Nubian goats. borDer LeIcester Ohio Oregon FALLINg tree rANcH, Walter r. threlfall, Dvm, AmerIcAN WorKINg FArmcoLLIe Asso- 7012 old Liberty rd., Powell, oH 43065. 740-881- Oregon cIAtIoN – A national performance registry. tish suDAN FArm, Dan & susie Wilson, 32285 s Kropf 4417. crossbreds and toren. 580-426-2311. multipurpose Farm web-ster.com> closed Dogs: english & Australian shepherds, standard & Flock, OPP test neg, export certified. Coopworths, border collies, shetland sheepdogs and Kelpies. guArD LLAmAs gotlands. Michigan cALIForNIA reDs DorPer PItcHForK rANcH, cindy cieciwa, 4190 cook rd., swartz creek, mI 48473. 810-655-4091. cell: California New York 810-814-3406 , trained guard llamas, romney, bluefaced APPLe rose FArm, elizabeth Ferraro, Po box rd., Loma rica, cA 95901. 530-743-5262. [email protected]> registered and commericial. 518-645-3373. california White Dorper. red & cormo. HorNeD Dorset gLeNN LAND FArm, Wes Patton, 6352 co. rd. Oregon 27, orland, cA 95963. 530-865-7250 or cell: 530- Ohio mYstIc rose reDs, theresa, caitlin & Della Zach, 514-7250. Fullblood Dorper, White Dorper. carroll, oH 43112. 614-843-8453, california Purebred, commercial rams & ewes. com> Fall born, fast growing, commercial rams. reds. Iowa crANe creeK DorPers & WHIte DorPers, IceLANDIc cLuN Forest stephanie mitcham, 3061 160th st., sumner, IA 50674. 563-578-5665. Fax 321-248-0107. Illinois Minnesota Fullblood, purebred Dorpers & brAmbLe HILL, bets reedy, 21727 randall Dr., White Dorpers. Certified scrapie free. Facebook. reD brIcK roAD FArm, terri carlson, 1494 red Houston, mN 55943. 507-864-7585. , Illinois com> 815-288-5886. Icelandic sheep. ALeXANDer FArms, Hazel Alexander, 1099 1000th New York Ave., Lincoln, IL 62656. 217-737-2107. Purebred and commericlal Dorpers. s. 9 mile rd., Allegany, NY 14706. 716-378-1935. registered breeding Wisconsin Kentucky stock, fleece and lambs. troXeL coLumbIAs, Dave & mary troxel, mocKINgbIrD Acres, sam Farmwald, 190 e. c hris & s ara HIldebrandt, c ourt- sullivan rd., munfordville, KY 42765. 270-570-3091, South Dakota ney & seth, N6127 9th Ave., Plainfield, WI cell: 270-537-4232. Dorper. tHe creeK's eDge, Alan Leighton, 15331 54966. 715-335-6854, cell: 715-340-4812. Dawkins rd., rapid city, sD 57703. 605-393-1972. gmail.com> columbia. WINDANcer FArm, bruce & gail LaFlame, 4187 st. Icelandic breeding stock & fiber. clair rd., Fallon, Nv 89406. 775-428-6414. Purebred & Full blood Dorpers and White Dorpers. ILe De FrANce Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Iowa oWeNs FArm, caroline owens, 2611 bLAcK creeK DorPers, LLc, James Horst, Jr., crANe creeK ILe De FrANce, stephanie mit- mile Post rd., sunbury, PA 17801. 570- 189 black creek rd., east earl, PA 17519. 717-445- cham, 3061 160th st., sumner, IA 50674. 563-578- 286-5309. 6919. registered 5665. Fax 321-248-0107. coopworth. fullblood and commercial Dorpers. netins.net/showcase/sam/ccidf.htm> Facebook.

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 93 countryside :: breeders

JAcob NortH couNtrY cHevIot sANtA cruZ

Illinois Minnesota Pennsylvania rouND bArN JAcobs, margie & Jim schafer, trIPLe-A-rANcH, Alton & Kathy munkelwitz, LIttLe FLoWer FArm, michael Kearney, 10123 Freeport rd., Durand, IL 61024. 815-484-9018 1595 395th st., Isle, mN 56342. 320-676-3359. 1040 Kunkles mill road, Lewisberry, PA 17339. Pasture based chevi- 717-979-1297. cobs.com> J.S.B.A. registered breeding stock; fleeces; ots. Great genetics, grass roving; pelts; locker lamb. fed hearty and resilient. Niche market for fiber and Wisconsin meat. Nebraska LIttLeDALe, graham & margaret Phillipson, 21925 KreutZer FArms, charles & Kay Kreutzer, ctH ZZ, richland center, WI 53581. 608-647- 15165 Hwy. 10, Kearney, Ne 68847. 308-237-5713. 7118. scottish lines, cheviot mules, whitesheep.com> JSBA sheep, fiber. scottish blackface. New York mouNt sAvIour moNAsterY, br. bruno Lane, KArAKuL 231 monastery rd., Pine city, NY 14871. 607-734- PoLLeD Dorset 1688. scottish blackface, scottish mulesheep. New Mexico Iowa brAHAIm HINDI & soNs, Jamil Hindi, Hc 34 box 115, rIDer's Dorsets, Joyce rider, 1142 Lilac st., mur- Wisconsin Duran, Nm 88301. 575-799-4895 or 505-228-1566. ray, IA 50174. 641-447-2647. LIttLeDALe, graham & margaret Phillipson, Karakul, rambouillet. solid-maternal-type sheep! registered Dorsets. 21925 ctH ZZ, richland center, WI 53581. 608- 647-7118. KAtAHDIN scottish lines, scotch PoLYPAY mules, North country cheviot.

Oklahoma Illinois LImerIcK FArms, John & mistie Lee, 16845 cAK PoLYPAYs, chris & Anna Kaeb, 639 N. 1000 e. sHetLAND crNs 218, tipton, oK 73570. 580-563-6506 rd., buckley, IL 60918. 815-457-2618. NsIP/Lambplan. Focused on pounds of Texas com> Katahdin & Katahdin/Dorper cross. Anatolian lamb weaned! FoggY HoLLoW rANcH, Lynda Davies, 5911 cty. shepherd puppies. rd. 225, east bernard, tX 77435. 281-381-4311. Ohio Fine fleeced Shetland Sheep. NASSA and stanwood st., Dalton, oH 44618-9545. 330-605- FFssA registered. 1856 (cell). Forage based flock. Registered Polypays Iowa since 1989! Wisconsin cmg KAtAHDINs, carl ginapp, 19998 vine gLeN tAmArAcK FArm, Jeanne Dukerschein, Ave., mason city, IA 50401. 641-425-0592. N6248 Deertail trail, glen Flora, WI 54526. com> High performance replacement ewes & ewe FFssA shetlands. sires. top of the breed ebv's. NsIP performance Kansas data. eWePHorIA FArm, elizabeth & george ulbrick, 1081 N. 900 rd., Lawrence, Ks 66047. Ph. 785-841- sHroPsHIre Missouri 7175, 785-691-8044. greeK FArms KAtAHDIN sHeeP & sAvANNA ArsbA rambouillets. Indiana goAts, mike samaras & vasilios mousadakos, r & g FArms, Danny & cynthia rogers, 2435 W. 15115 state rt. F, rolla , mo 65401. 573-587-1168. romeDALe mccracken rd., monrovia, IN 46157. 317-996-3301, com> Katahdin Hair sheep, savanna goats. shropshire. Michigan Tennessee tHe WHIte bArN FArm,10080 s. Wyman rd., Wisconsin rouNDHouse FArm, John & sandra coward, 1871 blanchard, mI 49310. 989-561-5030. phenson, e8977 Pierce Hill rd., viroqua, WI 54665. 606-269-6114 or sandra's cell: 423-441-0295. [email protected]> registered Katahdins. shropshire. romNeY LeIcester LoNgWooL soAY Indiana Michigan sHADY LANe sHeeP FArm, Linda c. school- Maine mAPLe HILL FArm, Len and Janey servinski, 2674 er, 7380 Jersey Park rd., Floyds Knobs, IN beAu cHemIN PreservAtIoN FArm, Jo North eastman road, midland, mI 48642. 989-631- 47119. 502-376-9611. Ann myers, 1749 Finntown rd., Waldoboro, me 2796 Leicester Quality fleeces 04572. 207-691-8164. Longwool. We feature top AI lambs produced from from Wensleydale, gotland, romney, cvm and british imported Australian english Leicester semen. We cormo. registered soays, california varigated/romeldale, hold a cooperative AI breeding opportunity at the Leicester Longwool. Lambs available. farm each september. exceptional breeding stock is Michigan available for purchase. PItcHForK rANcH, cindy cieciwa, 4190 cook rd., swartz creek, mI 48473. 810-655- st croIX NAvAJo-cHurro 4091, cell: 810-814-3406. romney, bluefaced Leicester, South Carolina teeswater, trained guard llamas. ebeNeZer FArm, eddie & Pam martin, 3740 California Hwy 413, Anderson, sc 29621. 864-296-0454. sPrINg coYote rANcH, Kelli Dunaj, 18400 Oregon st. croix. original Highway 1, marshall, cA 94940. 415-663-8354. soutHerN oregoN romNeYs, JoAnn mast, breed genetics and focus. Zero worming. unas- White and colo red breeding stock, 541-572-3094. ram selection for muscling and growth. exceptional fleeces, yarn. Navajo-Churro. rom- scHsb registered sheep and select rams to sire F1 ney. commercial ewes. Closed flock. Disease free.

94 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL FIsHer teXeLs, W. eugene & Niki Fisher, 2720 Ne mt 59870. 406-544-0302. [email protected]> Texel. Wensleydale. Montana cLover meADoWs, LLc., cal & Jule Ward, 3424 Indiana West Virginia WeNsLeYDALe WooL AND breeDINg stocK Hwy 289, sheridan, mt 59749. 406-596-0668. tHomAs FArms, INc., Don & sandy thomas, reseArcH rANcH, David moran/Lori Wall, targhee. 10506 s. 875 e., Walkerton, IN 46574. 574-586- Po box 7, eglon, Wv 26716. 304-735-6413. 3778. North counry Wensleydale sheep & suri alpacas. White & Michigan sILvArA vALLeY FArm, Fred & tammy Hemmerly, colored breeding stock, fleeces & yarn. PItcHForK rANcH, cindy cieciwa, 4190 cook 7758 route 367, Laceyville, PA 18623. 570-869-2692. rd., swartz creek, mI 48473. 810-655-4091. cell: texel. Delivery available. org>teeswater, romney, bluefaced Leicester, trained guard llamas. Alabama tuNIs vALLeY FArms HAtcHerY, ryan Kelsey, Po box 2201, muscle shoals, AL, 35662. 256- teXeL Idaho 314-2282. FINLeY AussIes, Frances Finley, 5120 se 1st chickens, Ohio Ave., New Plymouth, ID 83655. 208-278-3516. bantams, Ducks, geese, turkeys, guineas, FALLINg tree rANcH, Walter r. threlfall, Dvm, Hatching/shipping weekly. crossbreds and purebreds. registered. covered wool. Idaho WeNsLeYDALe

Montana WHIte FeAtHer rANcH WeNsLeYDALes, Diane thomas-rupert, Po box 1057, stevensville,

countryside :: breeders & classifieds advertising information

Countryside Advertising Information Nov./Dec. 2019 Deadline: August 21, 2019

For a colorDisplay ad, add Breeders/Classified $50 per insertion 1x - 2x = $110 per inch, per issue 3x - 5x = $105 per inch, per issue (1" & 2" sizes) 6x = $100 per inch, per issue Use pictures, logo and color! FrEE Ad Design! We can help set up your ad, quote an ad you already have running or answer any other questions. E-mail us at:

[email protected] or call 1-715-748-1389 • Please type or print legibly and indicate the words you would like in bold or capital letters. Or Visit www.countrysidemag.com • Don’t forget to count your name, address, phone number and e-mail if it is part of your ad. E-mail addresses & websites are two words. • 20 word minimum. Ads under 20 words will be charged $63. MAIL TO: Countryside Breeders/Classifieds, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 or E-mail: [email protected] www.iamcountryside.com • 1-715-748-1389 • Fax: 1-715-785-7414

SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER 2019 || 95 countryside :: associations

AmerIcAN borDer LeIcester AssocIAtIoN, coNtINeNtAL Dorset cLub Inc., Debra Hopkins, 208-562-1961. Heather stoltman, recording secretary, 1915 executive secretary/treasurer, Po box 506, North state Hwy 78, stanford, KY 40484. 315-459-1287. scituate, rI 02857. 401-647-4676. Fax 401-647-4679. Dorset sheep. tIoN AND regIstrY (NAbssAr). Protecting, pre- AmerIcAN cooPWortH regIstrY, 82 sproul serving and promoting the babydoll southdown. edu- Hill rd., bristol, me 04539. 207-563-5851. NAbssAr registry. coopworthregistry.org> registering performance 12972. 518-645-3373. recorded & purebred coopworths. sales list of breeding stock NortH AmerIcAN cLuN Forest AssocIAtIoN, and fleece for sale. rich Fitz, sec./treas., 5185 N Washburn rd, Davison, AmerIcAN cormo sHeeP AssocIAtIoN, mI 48423. 810-299-3417. george saunder, President, grand terrace, cA FINe FLeece sHetLAND sHeeP AssocIAtIoN 909-783-0196. INc, FFsA Performance registry, W7505 Hwy. 11, monroe, WI 53566. 608-558-5099 tIoN, Don Kirts, secretary, Po box 1126, Pataskala, AmerIcAN DorPer sHeeP breeDers socIetY, Preserving, promoting and education of traditional oH 43062-1126. 740-927-3098. 2550. Fax: 573-696-2030. FINNsHeeP breeDers AssocIAtIoN, secretary, NortH AmerIcAN sHetLAND sHeePbreeD- Anne-marie elkins, 110 W. 6th Ave, #318, ellensburg, ers AssocIAtIoN (NAssA), “Dedicated to pre- AmerIcAN emu AssocIAtIoN, 510 West WA 98926. 785-456-8500. registry Po box 231, 305 Lincoln, Wamego, Ks 66547. 785-456-8500. IceLANDIc sHeeP breeDers oF NortH Faye Whitney, executive secretary, 413-628- AmerIcAN mILKsHeeP AssocIAtIoN, Antonio AmerIcA: Icelandics, the perfect homestead sheep. 3279. Pedulla, Po box 210, Nottingham, PA 19362. milk. Wool. meat. melissa erlund, 4462 bellevue 610-880-2718 rd., Haughton, LA 71037-8353. 313-390-7748. NortH AmerIcAN WeNsLeYDALe sHeeP As- AmerIcAN NortH couNtrY cHevIot sHeeP socIAtIoN, Po box 448, scio, or 97374,JAcob sHeeP breeDers AssocIAtIoN Wensleydalesheep.org> gervais.com> tration and education.Discover this majestic, heritage breed! PurebreD DeXter cAttLe AssocIAtIoN AmerIcAN oXForD sHeeP AssocIAtIoN, David oF NortH AmerIcA Providing resources, trotter, secretary, 9305 Zollman rd., marysville, IN KArAKuL sHePHerDs ALLIANce, Deborah inspiration and value to breeders and buyers. 47141. 812-256-3478. colville, WA 99114. cell 206-371-0995. $5 steer registrations and free birth records. AmerIcAN romeLDALe-cvm AssocIAtIoN, c/o open Flock book. Learn more at gLm registry, 19508 tiller trail Hwy, Days creek or 97429, 541-825-8580, KAtAHDIN HAIr sHeeP INterNAtIoNAL, KHsI op- roYAL WHIte® sHeeP AssocIAtIoN (rWsA), erations, Po box 778, Fayettesville, Ar 72702, 479-444- 15011 Punta rassa rd #602, Ft. myers, FL 33908. 8441. 724-993-2072 AmerIcAN romNeY breeDers AssocIAtIoN, Official Site. High Per- JoAnn mast, 58221 Lee valley rd., coquille, or NAtIoNAL LINcoLN sHeeP breeDers As- formance Hair sheep. royal White®. 97423. 541-572-3094. 14391 blanchard rd., greenwood, De 19950. 302-349-4240. coLumbIA sHeeP breeDers oF AmerIcA, charlie Worm, executive secretary, 507-360-2160. AtIoN, Po box 190840, boise, ID 83719.

Storey’s Guide to st. croIX HAIr sHeeP INterNAtIoNAL Asso- cIAtIoN- “Polled and White” sINce 1983. Laurel Field, secretary, 503-263-6376, mail to:

teXeL sHeeP breeDers socIetY, Niki Fisher y aula immonS arol kariuS B P S & C E secretary. 2720 Ne 25th Ave, Payette, ID. Phone Inquiries: Walt threlfall 740-881-4417. Breeds, Care, uNIteD suFFoLK sHeeP AssocIAtIoN, Amanda everts, executive secretary, Po box 121, Holland, IA 50642 641-684-5291, cell: 641-680-6509, Fax: 734- and Facilities 335-7646. for Raising Sheep us tArgHee sHeeP AssocIAtIoN, mardy rutledge, secretary, 8912 saddle red Ave, Las vegas, Nv 89143. 702-292-5715 ustargheesheep@gmail. com

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96 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL countryside :: classifieds

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98 || COUNTRYSIDE & SMALL STOCK JOURNAL

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