The Foreign Service Journal, April 1939
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United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922
Cover: During World War I, convoys carried almost two million men to Europe. In this 1920 oil painting “A Fast Convoy” by Burnell Poole, the destroyer USS Allen (DD-66) is shown escorting USS Leviathan (SP-1326). Throughout the course of the war, Leviathan transported more than 98,000 troops. Naval History and Heritage Command 1 United States Navy and World War I: 1914–1922 Frank A. Blazich Jr., PhD Naval History and Heritage Command Introduction This document is intended to provide readers with a chronological progression of the activities of the United States Navy and its involvement with World War I as an outside observer, active participant, and victor engaged in the war’s lingering effects in the postwar period. The document is not a comprehensive timeline of every action, policy decision, or ship movement. What is provided is a glimpse into how the 20th century’s first global conflict influenced the Navy and its evolution throughout the conflict and the immediate aftermath. The source base is predominately composed of the published records of the Navy and the primary materials gathered under the supervision of Captain Dudley Knox in the Historical Section in the Office of Naval Records and Library. A thorough chronology remains to be written on the Navy’s actions in regard to World War I. The nationality of all vessels, unless otherwise listed, is the United States. All errors and omissions are solely those of the author. Table of Contents 1914..................................................................................................................................................1 -
1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed
The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project AMBASSADOR CECIL B. LYON Interviewed by: John Bovey Initial interview date: October 26, 1988 Copyright 1998 A ST TABLE OF CONTENTS Early career System of promotion in Foreign Service areer officers v. political appointees uba 1931 Economic and political discontent Issuing visas Hong Kong 1932-1933 Trachoma hinese section of Hong Kong Scattering ashes in the Seven Seas To)yo 1933 Japanese reverence for emperor Relations ,ith Japanese Embassy postings policies Sambo and the emperor Pe)ing 1934-193. Japanese invasion Playing polo hinese response invasion E/periences ,ith hinese coolie hiang Kai-she) American civilians in Pe)ing Order for hile hile 193.-1943 Ambassador Norman Armour Inauguration and E/-president Alessandri 1 1S attitude to,ard hile Disparity in income distribution Ambassador 2o,ers Pearl Harbor attac) 1S pressure on hile to brea) relations ,ith A/is 3ice-President 4allace5s visit Attempted meeting bet,een 4allace and Alessandri hilean political situation airo 193.-1943 King Farou) President Roosevelt5s visit Ibn Saud 2ritish presence in Egypt River Plate Affairs 1946-194. Rio Treaty 1947 Revolution during the 2ogota onference8 2ogotaso 4arsa, 194.-1950 2erlin airlift Post-,ar 4arsa, Relations ,ith Poles Disappearance of the Field family Polish airports Polish reaction to Korean 4ar atholicism in Poland 2erlin 1951-1954 Spandau prison ontrast bet,een East and 4est 2erlin Soviet-1S relations in 2erlin Ta)ing Adlai Stevenson to East 2erlin State Department 1954-1955 Mc arthyism Relations ,ith Secretary Dulles and Adenauer Deputy Assistant Secretary of State for Latin American Affairs hile 1956-195. -
162 Congressional Record-House
162 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JANUARY 7 He also, from the Committee on Post Offices and Post RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURTS Roads, reported favorably the nominations of several post Mr. LAMBETH. Mr. Speaker, from the Committee on masters. Printing I report back favorably <H. Rept. No. 1663) a reso The PRESIDING OFFICER. The reports will be placed lution and ask for its immediate consideration. on the Executive Calendar. The Clerk read as follows: EXECUTIVE MESSAGES REFERRED House Resolution 395 The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. NEELY in the chair), as Resolved, That 9,000 additional copies of House Document 460, current session, entitled "A letter from the Attorney General of in executive session, laid before the Senate messages from the United States transmitting the Rules of Civil Procedure for the the President of the United States submitting several nomi District Courts of the United States," be printed for the use of the nations, a treaty, and a convention, which were referred to House document room. the appropriate committees. Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman yield (For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate for a question? proceedings.) Mr. LAMBETH. I yield. RECESS Mr. COCHRAN. Does not the gentleman feel that it Mr. BARKLEY. I move that the Senate take a recess until would be fairer to the Members of the House if the dis 11 o'clock tomorrow morning. tribution were through the folding room· instead of the The motion was agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 10 min House document room? This is a very, very · important utes p.m.) the Senate took a recess until tomorrow, Satur- document. -
K a L E N D E R- B L Ä T T E R
- Simon Beckert - K A L E N D E R- B L Ä T T E R „Nichts ist so sehr für die „gute alte Zeit“ verantwortlich wie das schlechte Gedächtnis.“ (Anatole France ) Stand: Januar 2016 H I N W E I S E Eckig [umklammerte] Jahresdaten bedeuten, dass der genaue Tag des Ereignisses unbekannt ist. SEITE 2 J A N U A R 1. JANUAR [um 2100 v. Chr.]: Die erste überlieferte große Flottenexpedition der Geschichte findet im Per- sischen Golf unter Führung von König Manishtusu von Akkad gegen ein nicht bekanntes Volk statt. 1908: Der britische Polarforscher Ernest Shackleton verlässt mit dem Schoner Nimrod den Ha- fen Lyttelton (Neuseeland), um mit einer Expedition den magnetischen Südpol zu erkunden (Nimrod-Expedition). 1915: Die HMS Formidable wird in einem Nachtangriff durch das deutsche U-Boot SM U 24 im Ärmelkanal versenkt. Sie ist das erste britische Linienschiff, welches im Ersten Weltkrieg durch Feindeinwirkung verloren geht. 1917: Das deutsche U-Boot SM UB 47 versenkt den britischen Truppentransporter HMT In- vernia etwa 58 Seemeilen südöstlich von Kap Matapan. 1943: Der amerikanische Frachter Arthur Middleton wird vor dem Hafen von Casablanca von dem deutschen U-Boot U 73 durch zwei Torpedos getroffen. Das zu einem Konvoi gehörende Schiff ist mit Munition und Sprengstoff beladen und versinkt innerhalb einer Minute nach einer Explosion der Ladung. 1995: Die automatische Wellenmessanlage der norwegischen Ölbohrplattform Draupner-E meldet in einem Sturm eine Welle mit einer Höhe von 26 Metern. Damit wurde die Existenz von Monsterwellen erstmals eindeutig wissenschaftlich bewiesen. —————————————————————————————————— 2. JANUAR [um 1990 v. Chr.]: Der ägyptische Pharao Amenemhet I. -
Allied Relations and Negotiations with Spain A
Allied Relations and Negotiations With Spain A. From Spanish "Non-Belligerency" to Spanish Neutrality1 Shortly after the outbreak of the War in September 1939, Spanish dictator General Francisco Franco released an official decree of neutrality in the conflict, despite his open ideological affinity with the Axis leaders who had provided him with critical support in the Spanish Civil War. Nevertheless, he hovered on the brink of intervention on the side of the Axis through much of 1940 and 1941, and even contributed a force of Spanish volunteers estimated to be as many as 40,000, known as the Blue Division, which served as the German 250th Division on the Russian Front from mid-1941 until October 1943. The possibility of Spanish belligerency was premised on an early German victory over Britain and on German agreement to Spanish territorial expansion in Africa into French Morocco and perhaps even in Europe at the expense its neighbors, Vichy France and neutral Portugal. The United States and Britain joined in a continuing effort to keep Franco's Spain out of the War by providing essential exports like gasoline and grain to prop up the Spanish economy, which had been in a state of collapse since the end of the Spanish Civil War. The close ideological and political ties between the Franco dictatorship and those of Germany and Italy were never misapprehended by the United States and Britain. After 1941 Spain drifted gradually from imminent belligerency toward a demonstratively pro-Axis neutrality. Spain cooperated with the Allies in humanitarian efforts, allowing safe passage through Spain of downed Allied fliers, escaped Allied prisoners, and civilian refugees, including Jews.2 The nature of Spain's neutrality in World War II turned in significant measure on Allied and Spanish perceptions of the danger of German invasion. -
The Foreign Service Journal, September 1940
9L AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE VOL. 17, NO. 9 JOURNAL SEPTEMBER, 1940 CARIBBEAN NUMBER ' WSHf ■■■ ■ . .. " This is what we call FOREIGN SERVICE! * After checking up, frankly, we were surprised that our staff of interpreters master no fewer than 22 languages, including Esperanto. This is just another reason why the men and women in the Foreign Service experience no hesitancy about sending us their New York- bound friends and acquaintances. The Hotel New Yorker has long been Foreign Service Headquarters in New York because of its convenient location—handy to every¬ thing you want to see or do in this fascinating town of ours. Make it your home when you are again on leave in New York. This is the nearest large hotel to all the principal piers and is con¬ nected by private tunnel to Pennsylvania Station. Four popular priced restaurants. ★ 2500 Rooms from $3.50 Hotel NEW YORKER 34TH STREET AT EIGHTH AVENUE, NEW YORK Frank L. Andrews, President Leo A. Molony, Manager CONTENTS SEPTEMBER, 1940 For Prize Contest Notice See Page 501 Cover Picture Army Planes Near the Panama Canal See Page 531 The Relation of the Panama Canal to the De¬ fense of the Western Hemisphere Prepared by the War Department 481 Foreign Service Refugees 485 Miami—Gateway of the Americas By Cecil Warren 487 Who’s a Gringo? 491 Britain’s Minor Isles By Sarah Hayward Draper 492 Guns, Rice and Beans By Daisy Reck 495 Editors’ Column 498 MOUTH AMERICA News from the Department By Reginald P. Mitchell.. 499 SOUTH AMERICA News from the Field 502 CENTRAL AMERICA The Bookshelf ]. -
Hightstown Girl Scout Thriled in Puerto Rico
; ' An Independent Newspaper Devoted to the Interests of the People of Hightstown and East Windsor 123RD Y E A R -N o. 9 HIGHTSTOWN GAZETTE, MERCER COUNTY, NEW JERSEY, THURSDAY, AUGUST 26, 1971 PRICE—FIVE CENTS U. S. Senator Name Tindall Classroom Assignments For Grades 6-12 Hightstown Post Office Classroom assignments f o r Heads Dems EWT Branch students in 6th grade through Gets Change in Plans; hi^h school in the East Windsor Parley Here Regional School District which Bank Manager opens Tuesday, September 7, Nothing Is Seen in 1972 were released today by Dr. John U. S. Senator (N. J.) Harrison A The Board of- Directors of the Hunt, superintendent of schools. | Plans for a mew $500,000 Post Of Williams, Jr., will be the guest First National B ilk of Hightstown The lists are published on fice in Hightstown which would announces the appointment of Paul pages three <tnd four of this Deputy Mayor speaker at the East Windsor Town also serve East Windsor Township, D. Tindall as branch manager of the week’s issue of The Gazette. ship Democratic Club's fall dinner- have been deferred, U. S. Postal new East Windsor Office located at It includes unit leaders, home dance, to be held at the V.F.W. Service officials disclosed in Wash the corner of Prihceton-Hightstown room teachers, room number, Levels Blast Post 5700, Dutch Neck road, Satur ington over the weekend. road and Old Trenton-Cranbury school, etc. day, October 2. Robert E. Isaacs o f the Office road. It officially opened Saturday. -
ASTORIA PARKS & RECREATION Comprehensive Master Plan 2016
ASTORIA PARKS & RECREATION Comprehensive Master Plan 2016 - 2026 Adopted July 18, 2016 by Ordinance 16-04 Acknowledgments Parks & Recreation Staff City Council Angela Cosby.......... Director Arline LaMear.......... Mayor Jonah Dart-Mclean... Maintenance Supervisor Zetty Nemlowill....... Ward 1 Randy Bohrer........... Grounds Coordinator Drew Herzig............ Ward 2 Mark Montgomery... Facilities Coordinator Cindy Price............. Ward 3 Terra Patterson........ Recreation Coordinator Russ Warr................ Ward 4 Erin Reding............. Recreation Coordinator Parks Advisory Board City Staff Norma Hernandez... Chair Brett Estes............... City Manager Tammy Loughran..... Vice Chair Kevin Cronin........... Community Josey Ballenger Development Director Aaron Crockett Rosemary Johnson... Special Projects Planner Andrew Fick John Goodenberger Historic Buildings Eric Halverson Consultant Jim Holen Howard Rub Citizen Advisory Committee Jessica Schleif Michelle Bisek......... Astoria Parks, Recreation, and Community Foundation Community Members Melissa Gardner...... Clatsop Community Kenny Hageman...... Lower Columbia Youth College Drafting and Baseball Historic Preservation Jim Holen................. Parks Advisory Board Program Craig Hoppes.......... Astoria School District Workshop attendees, survey respondents, Zetty Nemlowill....... Astoria City Council focus group participants, and volunteers. Jan Nybakke............ Volunteer Kassia Nye............... MOMS Club RARE AmeriCorps Ed Overbay............. Former Parks Advisory Ian -
National Protocol Directory
NATIONAL PROTOCOL DIRECTORY 2014 Edition Bill de Blasio Mayor Bradford E. Billet Acting Commissioner Mayor’s Office for International Affairs City of New York Two United Nations Plaza, 27th Floor New York, NY 10017 The National Protocol Directory 2014 Edition Cover design, logo, and epigram by Self-Contained Unit Copyright 2014 Mayor’s Office for International Affairs All rights reserved. City Hall Gracie Mansion TABLE OF CONTENTS Message from Mayor Bill de Blasio . 5 Message from Acting Commissioner Bradford E. Billet. 7 Preface. 8 The White House . 9 The United States Department of State . 10 United States Chiefs of Protocol . 12 New York City Chiefs of Protocol . 12 United Nations Protocol Offices . 13 Protocol Offices in the United States . 14 United States Governors . 49 Order of Precedence of the Fifty States . 51 United States Calendar Holidays . 53 Mayor Bill de Blasio: Protocol in Pictures . 57 Embassies, Missions, Consulates General . 61 Foreign National Holidays . 165 City Names . 169 A Taste of Toasts . 170 Expressions of Gratitude . 171 International Telephone Country Codes . 172 World Time Zone Map . 176 Protocol Pointers . 178 Order of Precedence . 180 Additional Resources . 183 Acknowledgments . 185 The Honorable Bill de Blasio 4 THE CITY OF NEW YORK OFFICE OF THE MAYOR NEW YORK, NY 10007 Dear Friends: It is a pleasure to send greetings to the readers of the National Protocol Directory 2014. With residents who hail from nearly every corner of the world, New York has always been known as an international city and a leader in everything from business to culture. We are proud to be home to the United Nations and the world’s largest diplomatic community that, for generations, has enriched the diversity on which our city is built. -
Notes to the Introduction Robert Gilpin, the Political Economy Of
Notes Notes to the Introduction 1. Frederick L. Shiels, Tokyo and Washington (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books, 1980) p. 55. 2. Robert Gilpin, The Political Economy of International Relations (Princeton, N. 1.: Princeton University Press, 1987) pp. 391-2. 3. Quoted in Akira Iriye, Pacific Estrangement: Japanese and American Es trangement, 1897-1911 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972) p.9. 4. See James Fallows, More like Us: An American Plan for American Recov ery (New York: Pantheon, 1990). 5. Roger Pineau, The Japan Expedition, 1852-1854: The Personal Journal of Commodore Matthew Perry (Washington. D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1968) pp. 211. 214. 6. Henry Kissinger, Years of Upheaval (Boston. Mass.: Little, Brown, 1982) pp.737-8. 7. Richard Neustadt, Alliance Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1970) p. 66. 8. Akira lriye, Pacific Estrangement. p. 1. Notes to Chapter 1: Pacific Patron, 1853-94 1. Cecil Crabb, Policy-makers and Critics: Conflicting Theories of American Foreing Policy (New York: Praeger, 1976) p. 1. 2. William Seward, Works, vol. 4, p. 319. 3. James Thompson et al., Sentimental Imperialists: The American Experience in East Asia (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1981) pp. 35-6. 4. John Witney Hall, Japan: From Prehistory to Modem Times (Tokyo: Charles E. Tuttle, 1971) p. 218. 5. John Foster Dulles, Yankees and Samurai: America's Role in the Emergence of Modem Japan, 1791-1900 (New York: Harper & Row, 1965) pp. 1-6. 6. Ibid., p. 9. 7. Ibid., p. 12. 8. Ibid., p. 29. 9. Akira lriye, Pacific Estrangement: Japanese and American Expansion, 1897- 1911 (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1972) p. -
The American Foreign Service
PHOTOGRAPHIC REGISTER THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ★ SUPPLEMENT TO THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL ★ NOVEMBER, 1936 VOLUME XIII, NUMBER 11 HE MER1CAN QRE1GN T A F SERVICE JOURNAL THE CONTENTS FRONTISPIECE (Coat-of-Arms) FOREIGN SERUgE JOURNAL FOREWORD —, 5 Yol. XIII November, 1936 (Supple PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN EXECUTIVE MANSION 4 6 SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. The American Foreign Service Journal is open to subscrip¬ THE PRESIDENT L— 7 tion in the United States and abroad at the rate of §4.00 a gear or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. THE CAPITOL J 8 This publication is not official. Copies of this Supplement will be mailed postpaid anywhere DEPARTMENT OF STATE BUILDING 10 upon receipt of §1.90 (U. S. currency) for each copy. Copyright, 1936, by the American Foreign Service Association THE SECRETARY OF STATE . 11 WASHINGTON, D. C. (AIR VIEW) 12 JOURNAL STAFF HERBERT S. BURSLEY Editor THE UNDERSECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRE¬ C. PAUL FLETCHER .—Editor of Supplement TARIES OF STATE 13 PAUL H. ALLING , PERSONNEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF STATE, HOWARD BUCKNELL, JR }- Editorial Board WASHINGTON, D. C 14 LOWELL C. PINKERTON HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business Manager PRINCIPAL OFFICERS, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, C. PAUL FLETCHER •—Treasurer WASHINGTON, D. C., U. S. A 16 The American Foreign Service Association THE FOREIGN SERVICE The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial ORGANIZATION 19 and voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Serv¬ ice of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign MEMORIAL TABLET IN DEPARTMENT OF Service and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement STATE BUILDING 21 of the Service. -
Virginia's Civil
Virginia’s Civil War A Guide to Manuscripts at the Virginia Historical Society A A., Jim, Letters, 1864. 2 items. Photocopies. Mss2A1b. This collection contains photocopies of two letters home from a member of the 30th Virginia Infantry Regiment. The first letter, 11 April 1864, concerns camp life near Kinston, N.C., and an impending advance of a Confederate ironclad on the Neuse River against New Bern, N.C. The second letter, 11 June 1864, includes family news, a description of life in the trenches on Turkey Hill in Henrico County during the battle of Cold Harbor, and speculation on Ulysses S. Grant's strategy. The collection includes typescript copies of both letters. Aaron, David, Letter, 1864. 1 item. Mss2AA753a1. A letter, 10 November 1864, from David Aaron to Dr. Thomas H. Williams of the Confederate Medical Department concerning Durant da Ponte, a reporter from the Richmond Whig, and medical supplies received by the CSS Stonewall. Albright, James W., Diary, 1862–1865. 1 item. Printed copy. Mss5:1AL155:1. Kept by James W. Albright of the 12th Virginia Artillery Battalion, this diary, 26 June 1862–9 April 1865, contains entries concerning the unit's service in the Seven Days' battles, the Suffolk and Petersburg campaigns, and the Appomattox campaign. The diary was printed in the Asheville Gazette News, 29 August 1908. Alexander, Thomas R., Account Book, 1848–1887. 1 volume. Mss5:3AL276:1. Kept by Thomas R. Alexander (d. 1866?), a Prince William County merchant, this account book, 1848–1887, contains a list, 1862, of merchandise confiscated by an unidentified Union cavalry regiment and the 49th New York Infantry Regiment of the Army of the Potomac.