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Sector Assessment for Technical and Vocational Education and Training

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Sector Assessment for Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sichuan Ziyang Inclusive Green Development Project (RRP PRC 51189) SECTOR ASSESSMENT FOR TECHNICAL AND VOCATIONAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING I. Introduction 1. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, 2010–2015, vocational education in the Ziyang Municipality (Ziyang) has generally been developed; but has not been responsive to the skills needed for its social and economic transformation and development. The proposed objectives, tasks and change the mode of development in Ziyang during the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, 2016– 2020, have provided opportunities and posed a severe challenge for the development of Ziyang’s technical and vocational education and training (TVET). To meet these challenges and serve the transformation and development of Ziyang, the municipality needs to cultivate a large number of technical and vocational skills to respond to the labor market requirements. To clarify the current situation and future direction, it is deemed necessary to undertake a sector assessment for TVET in Ziyang. II. Basic Situation of Ziyang’s Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector A. Situation Analysis—Technical and Vocational Education and Training Sector in Ziyang A. Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools 2. In 2017, there were seven secondary vocational education schools in Ziyang, comprising 4 public and 3 private schools. As shown in Table 1, the type of the TVET institutions are as follows: (i) 1 national key and demonstration school, (ii) 1 provincial key school, (iii) 2 municipal key schools, and (iv) 3 general schools. Table 1: Secondary Education Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools in Ziyang No Name Location Public/Private Notes 1 Sichuan Ziyang technical and vocational Yanjiang Public Key technical and education and training center vocational education and training school at provincial level 2 Anyue first vocational and technical school Anyue Public Key city level school 3 Lezhi County senior vocational middle Lezhi Public National school demonstration school 4 Yanjiang District vocational and technical Yanjiang Public Key city level school school, Ziyang 5 Ziyang automotive science and technology Yanjiang Private General school vocational school 6 Lezhi mechanical and electrical vocational Lezhi Private General school and technical school, Ziyang 7 Anyue applied technology vocational Anyue Private General school school Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. 2 a. Student Enrollment 3. Based on past trends, the number of entrants, enrollment, and graduates in secondary TVET schools in Ziyang have shown a decreasing trend. The number of entrants dropped from 16,311 in 2013 to 9,620 in 2017; the number of enrollment dropped from 42,554 to 19,942; and corresponding number of graduates declined from 17,682 in 2015 to 12,239 in 2017. Consistent with trends in the TVET, the entrants in senior high school in Ziyang likewise declined. Consequently, the proportion of students in secondary TVET schools to general senior secondary schools decreased from about 50:50 in year 2013 to 48:52 in year 2017. Figure 1: Enrollment and/or Graduates of Secondary Vocational Education Schools in Ziyang 45000 42554 40000 36358 35000 30000 30151 27527 25000 20000 19942 17682 16311 17439 15000 14171 12784 12239 10000 9226 9649 9776 9620 5000 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 enrollment entrant graduate Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. Table 2: Trends in Student Enrollment Ziyang Secondary Vocational School, 2013– 2017 Completion Rate Year Enrollment Entrants Graduates (%) 2013 42,554 16,311 9,226 111.14 2014 36,358 9,649 17,439 85.44 2015 30,151 12,784 17,682 82.93 2016 27,527 9,776 14,171 91.30 2017 19,942 9,620 12,239 72.45 Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. b. Specialties in Secondary Vocational Education Schools 4. In 2017, there were about 24 specialties in secondary TVET schools in Ziyang. The number of entrants in preschool education comprise 25% of total entrants, followed tourism service and management (11.4%) of the total entrants. Entrants ranking from third and eighth are automobile manufacturing and maintenance, electronic commerce, vehicle use and maintenance, clothing design and processing technology, machining process technology, and computer application. The details are shown in the following figure: 3 Figure 2: Entrants in Specialties in Ziyang Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools, 2017 Entrants of different specialties and their percentage in Secondary VET schools in Ziyang, 2017 6000 30.00% 5000 25.00% 4000 20.00% 3000 15.00% 2000 10.00% 1000 5.00% 0 0.00% Dance… Others preschool… Electronic… Computer… Computer… Electronic… Machining… accounting Mechanical… Vehicle and… Vehicle Automobile… Automobile… The use and… The Aeronautical… Primary Edu.Primary Construction Application of… Application of… Application of… Comprehensive… Application and… Tourism service… Tourism Hair beauty and… Hair Chothing desing… Chothing Entrants % 5. The TVET schools in Ziyang have the following specializations: (i) preschool education for Ziyang Vocational Education Center, (ii) construction engineering and application at the Yanjiang Senior Vocational school; (iii) clothing technology and design at the Anyue First VET School; and (iv) automobile manufacturing and maintenance, and computer application at the Lezhi senior vocational high school. Table 3: Entrants in Key Specialties in Ziyang Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools Construction Engineering and Computer Automobile Preschool Application Clothing Application Manufacturing and Education (Yanjiang Senior Technology and (Lezhi Maintenance (Lezhi (Ziyang VET Vocational Design (Anyue First Vocational High Senior Vocational Year Center) School) VET School) School) High School) 2013 1023 226 102 219 293 2014 1002 162 56 153 239 2015 1083 106 33 235 339 2016 1399 68 19 119 428 2017 1124 41 16 176 342 Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. 6. Entrants in some key specialties in the Ziyang TVET schools dropped a lot in recent years, such as in clothing technology and design and in construction engineering and application. The former one dropped from 226 students in 2013 to 41 students in 2017. The latter fell from 102 students in 2013 to 16 students in 2017. 4 Figure 3: Entrants in Key Specialties in the Ziyang Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools in Recent Years The number of entrants in key specialties in Ziyang secondary vocational education schools 1500 1399 1083 1124 1000 1023 1002 500 428 339 342 293 239 0 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 pre school Edu. （Ziyang VET center） construction engineering and application（Yanjiang senior vocational school） Clothing technology and design (Anyue first VET school) computer application (Lezhi Vocational high school) Automobile manufacturing and maintenance (Lezhi senior Vocational high school ) 7. During the past 5 years, there have been some changes in specialty setting of secondary TVET schools in Ziyang. Some new specialties were increased, some were cancelled, and some were adjusted. The details are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4: Changes in the Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools in Ziyang for the Last 5 Years Increased New Specialties Cancelled Specialties Adjusted Specialties Year Number Name Number Number Number Number Comprehensive Clothing design 2013 1 management of 1 and technology rural economy Comprehensive Electronic management of commerce, rural economy, 2014 3 aviation service, 2 construction hairdressing and engineering and image design operation The use and maintenance of 2015 1 agricultural machinery Automobile Automobile Application of application and manufacturing mechanical 2016 1 2 maintenance, hair 1 and and electrical beauty and image maintenance technology design Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. 5 c. Employment of the Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Graduates 8. Although the proportion of students continuing to higher studies increased from 2013 to 2017, most of the TVET graduates get directly employed. In 2017, the proportion of direct employment of graduates accounted for 85%. The graduates of the secondary TVET schools in Ziyang are mainly employed outside the municipality. In 2013, the number of nonlocal employment of graduates accounted for 81% of the total graduates. In the last few years, this proportion has declined. But in 2017, 74% of the graduates were still employed outside of Ziyang. Table 5: Past Trends in the Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Graduates Number Employed Number of Local Non-local Students Entering Total Number of Year Employment Employment Higher Education Graduates 2013 486 2,085 151 2,804 2014 534 2,121 191 2,855 2015 873 2,306 294 3,542 2016 782 2,279 343 3,450 2017 758 2,138 432 3,379 Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. Figure 4: Past Trends in the Secondary Technical and Vocational Education and Training Schools Graduates in Ziyang Secondary VET graduates situation of employment and contiuning to study in higher Edu. 4000 15% 13% 3000 2085 2121 2306 2279 10% 2138 10% 2000 8% 7% 5% 873 782 758 5% 1000 486 534 0 0% 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 local employment nonlocal employment continue to study in higher Edu. Total graduates % of graduates continuing to sduty in higher Edu. Source: Ziyang Municipal Education and Sports Bureau. d. Teachers Situation in Ziyang Secondary Technical and
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