VICTIMS of Human Trafficking

Wende Hilsenrod Human Trafficking Specialist [email protected] 512.474.7190 ext. 14 This presentation includes the creative work of others and is being used by permission or under claim of “fair use” (17 USC 107).

This presentation was created pursuant to fair use guidelines and further use or distribution is prohibited.

AEquitas: The Prosecutors’ Resource on Violence Against Woman

CAVEAT

THIS PRESENTATION USES STREET LANGUAGE.

If you are bothered by raw language and behavior, I encourage you to take care of yourself.

I will also suggest that if it does, then this might not be the population you want to work with. Abuse is ANY attempt used to control, demean or manipulate by use of visual, verbal , physical, emotional, financial, spiritual, psychological or sexual tactics

Age Date Agency Allegation Disposition 1 2/92 CPS Physical Abuse Family Preservation

2 1/93 Physical Abuse Family Preservation CPS

4 4/95 CPS Physical Abuse Family Preservation

9 10/00 CPS Neglect & Physical 1 child removed/6 months Abuse parenting classes

11 10/02 CPS Mom’s boyfriend - mother didn’t believe/attempt suicide

12 1- Police 13 runaway incidents Recovered – taken home 11/03

12 1/04 Police Physical Abuse No action

12 4/04 Police Aggravated Assault is a terrible life - especially when you’re 12 Sexual Violence Starts Early More than half of all of women (54%) occur before age 18 22% of these rapes occur before age 12; For men, 75% of all rapes occur before age 18 48% occur before age 12 Tjaden and Thoennes 2000

93% of victims under the age of 18 know their attacker U.S. Bureau of Justice Statistics. 2000

Childhood Sexual Abuse Any exposure to sexual acts imposed on children who inherently lack the EMOTIONAL MATURATIONAL COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT to CONSENT to such acts.

Does not always involve or physical force – rather manipulation and trickery.

Seasoning: Initial stage of breaking down a victim’s resistance by using physical and sexual violence and/or confinement to establish psychological, physical and emotional control.

Gratuitous Violence - violence for the sake of being violent; without need and often unrealistic.

Instrumental Violence - aggression that intends to hurt someone as a means to a goal other than causing pain; acts designed to improve the position of the abuser = Coercive Control.

The in Texas is 17, EXCEPT in Human Trafficking cases where the age of consent is 18. Act Means Purpose

Recruitment Force Exploitation

Harboring Fraud Involuntary Servitude

Transport Coercion Debt bondage Provision Slavery

Receipt

Obtaining or Or any commercial sex act involving a attempting to MINOR obtain Force Fraud Coercion Physical Abuse Illegal Contracts Spoken or implied threats Kidnapping False Promises Control over Fake Businesses Manipulation False Climate of fear Confiscation of Documents Abuse of legal system Human trafficking does not require the crossing of international borders. It is about the dynamics of the relationship not the distance traveled. ABUSE TURNS REALITY ON ITS HEAD

AND causes TRAUMA Trauma Affects Human Development

Increased: hyperactivity hypervigilance

Inability to: focus and organize thoughts retain and recall information narrate or give words to one’s experience

Decreased motor skills

STAGE AGE BASIC SUMMARY CONFLICT

Oral Sensory Birth–18 Trust vs. forms loving, trusting mo. Mistrust relationship with the caregiver, or develops a sense of mistrust.

Muscular-Anal 18 mo -3 Autonomy vs. Development/control of physical skills. yrs Shame/Doubt Shame/doubt if not handled well

Locomotor 3-6 Initiative vs. Becomes more assertive & takes more Guilt initiative, if not guilt feelings may develop

Latency 6-12 Industry vs. Learns new skills or sense of inferiority, failure Inferiority and incompetence may develop

Adolescence 12-18 Identity vs. Role Achieves a sense of identity (sexually, Confusion politically, religiously, etc.) or doesn’t knowing who they are

When people are exposed to memories of traumatic events Not just a memory--Seeing and feeling

Decreased activation of Broca’s area: Traumatic memories are less easily translated into language therefore:

EMOTIONS are more IMPORTANT than words Rauch, van der Kolk, Fisler, & Alpert, 1996

Trauma

Remains the same Differs according to regardless of cultural frame cultural frame INTERPRETATION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE TRAUMATIC EVENTS RESPONSES TO TRAUMA

THE MEANING OF SYMPTOMS

Who are the Victim’s in Domestic Trafficking?

Minors Adults Native women and girls U.S. and Foreign born individuals with status Refugees and Immigrants LGBTQ youth

Recruitment areas – ANYWHERE children are

Recruiters: Pimps or middlemen (catchers) ability to identity and exploit vulnerabilities to gain trust and control

Male recruiters usually between 18 – on up Female recruiters usually between 18 – on up

DEFINE: PIMP:______HO’:______DADDY:______TRANSLATE: “You will never find him” ______“We did dirty Sanchez” ______“He raised his eyebrow at me” ______“I no fuckin choosie susie. Pays my taxes. But Janice peeled by that fuckin Jonas gorilla.” ______Domestic Minors of Sex Trafficking

Verbal Abuse Emotional Abuse Economic Abuse Physical Abuse Psychological Abuse Spiritual Abuse Sexual Abuse WITH A TWIST

TWIST #1

FAMILY VIOLENCE & SEXUAL ABUSE =

ON THE JOB TRAINING FOR PIMP CONTROL Family violence, in all its permutations, is a training ground for pimp control: physical/sexual abuse is commonly used to maintain power and control.

The pimp tells the victim how much they love them, finds them attractive, will never lie to them, will take care of them; compliments the victim rarely hears at home.

And when the pimp uses instrumental violence, this can solidify, for the victim the link between violence and love. TWIST # 2 THE PIMPS WEAPONS

Pre-meditation Planning Manipulation Deceit Betrayal of trust Drugs and Alcohol Force Fear Disabling

TWIST # 3 Coercive Control

Creating vulnerabilities Exploiting existing vulnerabilities Wearing down resistance Facilitating attachment Coercive demand Surveillance Credible threat Delivery of threatened consequences

Mickey Royal explains the process The first step is getting her to totally depend on you. You’ll start To dress her, think for her, own her. Her family will become her No. 1 enemy and she’ll attack them with all she has because they are trying to keep her from that which brings her joy - You. If you and your victim are sexually active, then slow it down. Once a week is fine. After sex, take her shopping for one item. Hair and/or nails are fine. She will develop a feeling of accomplishment. The shopping, after a month will be replaced with cash. The love making turns into raw sex. She’ll start to crave the intimacy and be willing to get back into your good graces: you have broken her spirit and she has no sense of self-value. Now pimp, put a price tag on the item you have manufactured.”

The Making of a Girl https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Zvn RYte3PAk

TWIST # 4 Culture

Characteristics of a particular group of people: language, religion, cuisine, social habits, music and arts: perceived with our senses give a deeper meaning of culture – what we do, think and feel. Culture is taught and learned and shared. Culture is symbolic and arbitrary: meaning is given to behavior, words and objects; a familial construct and moral reference point. Distinct from one culture to another. Culture enables its members to function without the need to negotiate everything. www.international.gc.ca

The Vocabulary www.urbandictionary.com Pimp - In My Possession Turned Out - the first time a ho goes out on a date Hos - Prostitutes with no monetary focus, what a Catcher-Someone who catches you at the right moment Pimp owns when you feel alone and pressured Sister wifey/wifey - What victims call each other Popcorn or wannabes – new pimps when have the same pimp: obligated to have each Jonas – uses violence and intimidation to control others backs. Finesse – use of psychology to deceive Track - Where the pimps and hos be at; street commonly traveled for flossin', usually at night. Gorilla/Godzilla – use of violence to retaliate/get what wants The Game - underground industry that Players – established pimps participants "play" Peeled – losing your property to another pimp - What hos call their pimp Choosy Susie - A ho who keeps switching her pimp Turning tricks - What a prostitute does: selling Bounce - to exit a location/situation sex; the job Pimp moving – bounce from pimp to pimp without paying A trick - a person who patronizes a ho the “pimp moving” tax John – a person who uses the services of a ho Strip- A popular street that is commonly traveled for flossin', usually at night. A date - Euphemistic term for a turning a trick Flossin- showing off an object that posses great value Quota - amount of money to be made before a ho Hit a lick- make a lot of money quickly, usually by illegal can go home means

Sexual Slang www.sexglossary.com goin down grindin bukkake bobblehead dirty sanchez bangin bumping uglys gorilla salad hit the slip n slide raw get your rock soft Train angry dragon six pack violet wand smurf pack the fudge rimming leather Cheerio Watersports bareback Head slap fist or fisting Danza slap

VICTIM’s WORLDVIEW

Grew Up with Violent Doesn’t Recognize the Abuse Abuse is the Norm Bring Shame to Family Rigid World View No one can be trusted Association with sexually aggressive and delinquent peers

THE WORLD IS NOT SAFE

DO NOT PRACTICE CULTURAL IMPERIALISM!

Ask for clarification Be aware of cultural issues Do not assume the Victim: understands you knows the meaning of the words they are saying/repeating back understands legal, medical or psychological terms Trafficking = MONEY Each Pimp usually has 3 victims, who are sold an average of 10-15 times a day, 6 days a week. Each “date” is about $50.00

1 victim 15 x $50 = $750/day x 6 days = $4500.00 x 52 weeks = $234,000

x 3 = $702,000.00 YEARLY child is raped between 9,360 – 14,040 times a year

Different Forms of Human Trafficking Familial Trafficking Intimate Partner Trafficking Agriculture and Farm Work Domestic Workers Hostesses and Strip Clubs Factories/Manufacturing Labor Sales Crews Hospitality Industry Restaurants/Food Service Boy/

Gang www.polarisproject.org/human-trafficking/labor-trafficking-in-the-us/other-industries

Any industry where there is a need for cheap labor and no real regulation What stops us from understanding that domestic violence, and human trafficking involve the same types of power and control, cyclical violence and manipulative perpetrators?

And when these dynamics collide why do see only one and not the others? When a parent(s) sells their child for sex to make their car payment – it is familial sex trafficking and child abuse. makes their child work long hours at the family business under duress instead of going to school – it is familial labor trafficking and child abuse.

When a teenage boy coerces his girlfriend to sell sexual favors in order to ____ – it is intimate partner sex trafficking and teen dating violence. It is Time We Call It What It is Domestic Violence and Interpersonal Violence and Sexual Assault and Forced Labor and Human Trafficking.

Because … THE VICTIM

DOES NOT HAVE

JUST ONE

STORY

TO TELL If the Pimp has sold a story to the victim that has, up to this point been true, how do you get the victim to answer questions?

How do you get out of “meet the new boss, same as the old boss” mold? Ways WE resemble the Trafficker

Power Control Age Education Speech

Common Ways Survivors Tell WITHOUT Telling

Testing the waters by Calling others the names they have been called Talk about an abusive boyfriend they live with, or wifies “Doin’ it” with other girls, To see what questions you follow up with and/or how you react

Try a Little Tenderness Tell them They are a VICTIM not a criminal What trafficking is It’s not THEIR fault That “pimping” is ILLIEGAL They have RIGHTS and OPTIONS They need TIME to think things through make decisions that are best for them Don’t pressure them Things to say REPEATEDLY

We are here to help you Your safety is our first priority We will get you the medical attention you need We want to make sure that what has happened to you does not happen to someone else

The Verbal Punch and Hug

“I know____ and it’s OK BECAUSE YOU ARE A VICTIM”

Det. Cathy de La Paz Sgt Byron Fasset Dallas PD High Risk Victim’s Unit

General Questions to Ask

How would you like me to call you? Is that your legal name or street name? What happened when you ran away? Tell me about the family you stayed with. Did you have to do anything to stay with them? Did you ever get in trouble with the police? What for? How long locked up? Do you like to travel? Where have you been? Ever touched in a way that made you feel uncomfortable? Ever exchanged sex for money, drugs, food or shelter? Ever agreed to sex when didn’t want to? Have you ever been tested for STIs/STDs? Been pregnant? Do you have a tattoo? What does it say? How many colors?

Knowing the correct control enables asking the right questions Family Controlled

Have you ever helped your family save money? What are some of the ways you helped? Has anyone in your family ever dropped you off at someone’s house? How long did you stay there? Pimp Controlled

What were some of the ways you took care of yourself while you were away from home? Did you travel while you were gone? What places did you go? Who did you go with? How long were you gone? While you were away from home did anybody keep you from going back? Did anyone introduce you to stripping? What club/city? Did you go to any shopping malls while you were gone? Tell me about your Daddy. Is that his legal name or his street name? How old is he? Does he know you’re a minor? What kind of things does he buy you? How much money do you bring home every day? In my experience, when I hear people call someone “their daddy,” he is a pimp. Is he a pimp? Did your boyfriend ever ask you to have sex with someone else? Did you meet dates at hotels or at people’s homes?

Gang Control

Have you ever been asked to go to a skip party? Did you go? How did you hear about the skip party? Were you asked to bring any friends? Did anyone show you any DVD’s or YouTube videos of them or someone harming someone? What clique or set were you with?

Boys/Trans Controlled

Did anyone ever give you hormone shots? Did you have a Mama that helps take care of you? Who helped you become Fierce? Are you in a Dance Crew? Have you ever worked chatlines? Sugar Babies www.seekingarrangement.com

Men are ponying up their money—plus more—for financially struggling students. It’s not free money, and it’s not all students. The benefactors typically expect some compensation from their beneficiaries. The students, who tend to be women, are willing to accept the help from the men in exchange for providing some tender loving care.

The phenomenon is spreading, and gaining traction in certain areas much more than in others.

www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/01/where-the-sugar-babies-are/384547

Colleges With the Highest Growth in "Babies" in Texas (2014)

University of Texas – Austin Texas State –San Marcos

Regions With Most New Sign-Ups (2014)

SOUTH

www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/01/where-the-sugar-babies-are/384547/ REMEMBER

Coercive control Physically/psychologically controlled Complex trauma May feel loyalty to trafficker/pimp May be intoxicated or in such pain interview not possible Trained to tell lies/false stories Distrust of service providers/law enforcement May be experiencing traumatic stress

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs pyramid Denotative meaning - dictionary definition of a word Connotative meaning - emotional meaning a person attaches to a word Non-verbal messages - gestures, body language, posture, expression, eye contact, clothing, hairstyle, architecture and symbols Para-verbal messages - voice quality, emotion, tone, rhythm, intonation and stress placed on words

Listening

A skill and an art Demands energy, discipline, time and effort Gives us information Doesn’t require us to talk back, agree or disagree Non-accusatory

Neutral Language Aims at minimizing the emotional impact by replacing emotionally charged words with less emotionally charged words

so angry → I can see you’re upset that #**# → the perpetrator so excited → I can see you’re happy

QUESTIONS AVOID: I. Why Questions sound like accusations Why do you think that? Why didn’t you call someone? II. Leading Questions implies the answer Are you sure you remember it that way? Don’t you think you should take some responsibility for this?

QUESTIONS TO ASK: III. Closed Questions Helps to clarify issues, focus the discussion & narrow possible answers When will this happened? Where do you live? IV. Open-Ended Questions Shows interest & elicits information Tell me more. What happened?

What people say comes from their observations, which they interpret and then draw conclusions.

Expect misunderstandings to occur! Your best intentions can be undermined by old assumptions or different cultural interpretations.

Change gears or communication styles when a problem arises

REFRAME

Move from certainty to curiosity “How can they think that?” becomes “How are they seeing the world that this view makes sense?”

“How can they be so irrational?” becomes “What information do they have that I don’t?”

“And Stance” & Rule of Three

And Stance Embraces both stories - yours AND theirs

RULE OF THREE You’ve heard the same ‘thing’ repeated three times: STOP and acknowledge “it” because “it” is IMPORTANT to the victim. The victim will keep bringing “it” up until “it” IS acknowledged.

Defining the Local DSMT Problem

Alternative Learning Centers Truancy arrests Shoplifting Arrests Medical & Addiction Juvenile Justice Courts & Detention Centers CPS/Fosters homes CACs and Children Centers Malls/Arcades/Movies

Law Enforcement, Juvenile Justice, Mental Health, Medical Providers, Social Services, School Systems and Child Protective Services are ill equipped to deal with the complex and varied services this population needs BY THEMSELVES. Victim Service Considerations

Client confidentiality Referral plans Assessment of cultural and linguistic competency Agency’s capacity Limits/requirements of funding sources Executives

Senior Managers

Middle Managers

Team Leads Workers Community Based Systems Based Local non-profit or social service agency Usually a bureaucracy

Serves a specific population in a specific Serves a specific population in a wide area area (county, state, federal) Usually a small professional staff/large Person’s title/rank tell you their position volunteer base

Rely on donations, grants and Rules and functional division of labor - fundraising each department tends to act as a team

Confidentiality and in some cases NO Confidentiality OR Privilege Privilege Executives Senior Managers

Middle Managers

Team Leads Workers Community Systems

Varying levels of confidentiality. Governmental employees DO NOT qualify for confidentiality or privilege.

Advocates can increase the likelihood of If called to testify, the information is confidential by maintaining appropriate usually shared – with the attorneys, documentation that reflects services AND anything the advocate observes provided as well as some general or learns about the victim or the case. demographic information, rather than Information is considered a product of detailed accounts of conversations. employment and is discoverable. The HUB for International Trafficking in Texas: HOUSTON

The HUB for Domestic Minor Trafficking in Texas:

SAN ANTONIO engage Adults

Influence Invigorate mobilize YOUNG CIVIC Programs people Decisions

Activate Sectors National Human Trafficking Hotline 1-888-373-7888 traffickingresourcecenter.org

National Runaway Switchboard 1-800-786-2929 www.1800runaway.org

Human Trafficking Coalitions in Texas Central TX Coalition Against Human Trafficking www.ctcaht.org El Paso Human Trafficking Task Force www.ci.el-paso.tx.us/police/human_trafficking.asp Houston Coalition Against Human Trafficking www.cahthouston.org North Texas Coalition Against Human Trafficking www.ntcaht.org South Texas Coalition Against Human Trafficking www.ccosa.org/imm_ref_ref.html

On Line Resources

Campaign to Rescue and Restore Victims of Human Trafficking – http://www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking/index.html Children at Risk - www.childrenatrisk.org (contact for access to HT data base) Health and Human Services www.acf.hhs.gov/trafficking Human Rights Watch – www.hrw.org Human Trafficking www.humantrafficking.org National Asian American Pacific Islander Women’s Forum http://napawf.org/programs/human-trafficking Office for Victims of Crime www.ovc.gov/help/tip.htm Polaris Project www.polarisproject.org Stop Traffic listserv - http://fpmail.friendspartners.org/mailman/listinfo.cgl/stop-trafic Texas Association Against Sexual Assault www.taasa.org Trafficking Law Listserv www.hrlawgroup.org/initiatives/trafficking_persons/ UN Office of Drugs & Crimes www.unodc.org U.S. Depart of Justice www.usdoj.gov U.S. Depart of State www.usinfo.state.gov

Office of the Attorney General of Texas – (manuals for various disciplines on HT) www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/cj/HumanTraffick_RPR T2014.pdf www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/cj/HT_CrimJust_GUID E_2013.pdf www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/files/cj/20131912_htr_fin_ 3.pdf Social Service Providers Contact

Asian Family Support Services of Austin Helpline: 1.877.281.8371 afssaustin.org

Mosaic Family Services-for North and West Texas 214-821-5393 www.mosaicservices.org

Migration and Refugee Services 202-541-3170 www.usccb.org/mrs

Refugee Services of Texas - Houston 713-644-6224 www.rstx.org/houston.html 512-472-9472 [email protected]

Texas Association of Judiciary Interpreters & Translators 512-789- 8260 www.tajit.org

YMCA of Greater Houston – International Services 713-339-9015 www.ymcahouston.org/intl.aspx

References

The Administration on Children, Youth and Families (2002). Sexual abuse among homeless adolescents: prevalence, correlates, and sequelae. www.acf.hhs.gov/sites/default/file/opre/sex_abuse_hmless.pdf Batsyukova, S. (2007).Prostitution and human trafficking for sexual exploitation.Gender Issues, 24. Bolton, R., 1986. People Skills, Simon & Schuster, Inc, New York. Bullard, BO, Becky Owens Bullard Consulting www.beckyownesbullard.com Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). Prevalence and Characteristics of Sexual Violence, Stalking, and Intimate Partner Violence http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/pdf/cdc_nisvs_ipv_report_2013_v17_single_a.pdf Fisher, R. & Ury, W., 1991. Getting to Yes, Penguin Books, New York. Flores, T. (2007). The Sacred Bath: An American Teen’s Story of Modern Day Slavery. iUniverse, New York, New York. France, Kenneth.(1999) Crisis Intervention: A Handbook of Immediate Person-to-Person Help. 3rd ed. Springfield, IL Hughes, Donna M. The Demand for Victims of Sex Trafficking. 2005. www.uri.edu/artsci/wms/hughes/demand_for_victims.pdf International Association of Chiefs of Police. The Crime of Human Trafficking: A Law Enforcement Guide to Identification and Investigation. www.theiacp.org/documents/pdfs/RCD/CompleteHTGuide.pdf

References

Lisak,D. (2002). The Neurobiology of Trauma (unpublished article), University of Massachusetts, Boston. Lloyd, R. (2011). Girls Like Us. HarperCollins, NY, NY. Macdonald, K. (2009). Human trafficking: a service provider’s guide to recognizing and assisting victims of modern day slavery. Retrieved from www.nacsw.org National Sexual Violence Resource Center (2014). Linking the roads: working with youth who experience homelessness and sexual violence: a guide for advocates. www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc- National Sexual Violence Resource Center & Pennsylvania Coalition Against Rape. (2012). Sexual violence & individuals who identify as LGBTQ information packet. Retrieved from www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc National Sexual Violence Resource Center & National Sexual Assault Coalition Resource Sharing Project. (2012). Building Comprehensive Sexual Assault Programs. http://www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc- publications-articles/building-comprehensive-sexual-assault-programs National Sexual Violence Resource Center & National Sexual Assault Coalition Resource Sharing Project. (2013). Building Cultures of Care: A guide for sexual assault services programs. http://www.nsvrc.org/publications/nsvrc-publications-guides/building-cultures-care-guide-sexual-assault-services- programs

References

Palm, T. Marie Collins Foundation, webinar http://www.stopitnow.org 12/8/2011 Prieve, A., Suhr, C. (2005). Hidden in Plain View: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Girls in Atlanta. Atlanta’s Women Agenda. Atlanta, GA. Polaris Project (2006). Domestic Sex Trafficking: The Criminal Operations of the American Pimp. www.polarisproject.org Polaris Project (2006). Understanding Victim’s Mindset. www.polarisproject.org Ross, T. F. (2015). Where the Sugar Babies Are. The Atlantic, 1/15/15 www.theatlantic.com/education/archive/2015/01/where-the-sugar-babies-are/384547/ Smith, L. A., Healy, S., and Snow, M. (2009). The National Report on Domestic Minor Sex Trafficking: America’s Prostituted Children. Shared Hope International Stone, D., et al (1999). Difficult Conversations: How to Discuss What Matters Most. Harvard Negotiation Project, Penguin Putnam, Inc. Tenias De-Lopez, V. (2010) Domestic Teen Sex Trafficking. Center on Violence Against Women and Children, Rutgers University. Urbina, I. (2009) New York Time Article: Running in the Shadows. www.nytimes.com/2009/10/26/us/26ru

Special Thanks

Det. Billy Sifuentes, APD, retired Kirsten MacDermott, Austin Children’s Center Jordan Greenbaum, MD, Stephanie Blank Center for Safe and Healthy Children, Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta Kim Kotrola, Ph.D Economics Members of the Central Texas Coalition Against Human Trafficking

A VERY SPECIAL THANKS TO THE SURVIVORS WHO SHARED THEIR EXPERIENCE, STRENGHTS AND HOPE