Informal Settlements and Squatting in Romania: Socio-Spatial Patterns and Typologies
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Chileshe, Mutale
Economic shocks, poverty and household food insecurity in urban Zambia: an ethnographic account of Chingola Mutale Chileshe CHLMUT001 Town Cape of Thesis Presented for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Environmental and Geographical UniversityScience University of Cape Town September 2014 Supervisor: Dr. Jane Battersby-Lennard The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. Univeristy of Cape Town DECLARATION I, Mutale Chileshe, hereby declare that the work on which this thesis is based is my original work (except where acknowledgements indicate otherwise) and that neither the whole work nor any part of it has been, is being, or is to be submitted for another degree in this or any other university. I authorise the University to reproduce for the purpose of research either the whole or any portion of the contents in any manner whatsoever. Signed: ___________________________ Date: 18/09/2014 ii DEDICATION This thesis is dedicated to my husband, Kelvin Chola Chibangula, for his unwavering encouragement, patience, and support of every kind. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Completion of this doctoral dissertation was possible with the support of several people. First and foremost, I would like to thank Dr Jane Battersby for her patient, highly critical and equally encouraging supervisory role. Her dedication to my work is very much appreciated. -
Assessment of the Appropriateness of Compost Toilets in Sri Lanka: 17 Key Questions
Assessment of the Appropriateness of Compost Toilets in Sri Lanka: 17 Key Questions (Report 2 of 3 from "Evaluation of the Appropriateness of Ecological Sanitation in Relation to the Social, Cultural and Economic and Financial Context of Sri Lanka") Constanze Windberg, Consultant The opinions expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily constitute an endorsement by UNICEF. © UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND Regional Office for South Asia 2009 TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY OF RESEARCH ON KEY QUESTIONS A - P .................................................................. i FINDINGS OF RESEARCH ON KEY QUESTIONS A - P Question a: Is the dry composting toilet appropriate for any age group?.................................. 1 Question b: Is the dry composting toilet appropriate for pregnant women? ............................. 2 Question c: Does dry composting toilet require special user’s instructions for menstruating women?............................................................................................. 2 Question d: Does the content, texture and humidity of excreta influence the performance of composting toilet? ........................................................................ 3 Question e: Does the nature, composition and pH of the additive (ash, sawdust, soil…) influence the performance of dry composting toilet?............................................. 3 Question f: Do air humidity and temperature in the composting chamber influence performance? ........................................................................................................ -
Homelessness in Developing Countries
The Nature and Extent of Homelessness in Developing Countries CARDO* University of Newcastle upon Tyne DFID Project No. R7905 * Now incorporated into the Global Urban Research Unit (GURU) Summary Highlights Homelessness in Developing Countries What is homelessness? The number of homeless people worldwide is estimated to be between 100 million and one billion, depending on how we count them and the definition used. However, little is known about the causes of homelessness or the characteristics of homeless people in developing countries. A study by CARDO* in the School of Architecture, Planning and Landscape, at the University if Newcastle upon Tyne, set out to explore the nature and extent of homelessness in nine developing countries. Most of the countries studied did not have had little or no reliable data on the numbers of homeless people. Several did not have any official definition of homelessness with which to conduct a census. In some countries, street sleepers are actually discounted for census purposes because they have no official house or address. The common perception of homeless people as unemployed, drunks, criminals, mentally ill or personally inadequate is inappropriate. In developing countries homelessness is largely a result of the failure of the housing supply system to address the needs of the rapidly growing urban population. The study found that homeless people: o Have often migrated to the city to escape rural poverty or to supplement rural livelihoods o Are generally employed in low paid, unskilled work o Often choose to sleep on the streets rather than pay for accommodation, preferring to send the money to their families o Are frequently harassed, evicted, abused or imprisoned o Suffer poor health with a range of respiratory and gastric illnesses o Are victims of crime, rather than perpetrators if it o Are predominantly lone males but increasingly couples and families with children Homeless women and children are most often the victims of family abuse. -
La Urbanización Informal En Europa En El Siglo XX: Una Historiografía1
27 ISSN: 2238-9091 (Online) La urbanización informal en Europa en el siglo XX: una historiografía1 Noel A. Manzano Gómez2 Resumen El presente texto realiza un análisis historiográfico intentando abarcar la literatura existente sobre la urbanización informal en territorio europeo, comparando textos que describen este tipo de fenómenos en Francia, España, Portugal, Italia, Grecia, la ex Yugoslavia, Rusia, Alemania, Austria, Suecia y Reino Unido. Se propone como una herramienta abierta que, describiendo en breves líneas las particularidades de los procesos informales en dichos países, y las políticas urbanísticas llevadas a cabo frente a ellos, permita ulteriores investigaciones de tipo comparativo sobre el fenómeno de la informalidad, entendido de un modo amplio, entre el contexto brasileño y europeo. Palabras clave Urbanización informal; Historiografía; Planeamiento Urbano; Europa. Informal urbanization in Europe in the twentieth century: a historiography Abstract The article presents an historiographical analysis trying to embrace the existing liter- ature on informal urbanization in European territory. Comparing texts that describe this type of phenomena in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Greece, the former Yugosla- via, Russia, Germany, Austria, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The text is proposed as an open tool that, describing in a few lines the particularities of informal processes in those countries, and the urban policies carried out to answer them, allows fur- ther comparative research on the phenomenon of informality, understood in a broad way, between the Brazilian and European context. Keywords Informal urbanization; Historiography; Urban Planning; Europe. Artigo recebido: maio de 2018 Artigo aprovado: julho de 2018 pg 27 - 56 O Social em Questão - Ano XXI - nº 42 - Set a Dez/2018 28 Noel A. -
Planning, Development and Community: Transformation of the Gecekondu Settlements in Turkey
Planning, Development and Community: Transformation of the Gecekondu Settlements in Turkey Burcu Şentürk PhD University of York Department of Politics October 2013 Abstract This thesis aims to investigate changes in gecekondu (slum house) communities through exploring the lives of three generations of rural migrants in Turkey. It suggests that the dynamic relation between their strategies and development policies in Turkey has had a large impact on the urban landscape, urban reforms, welfare policies and urban social movements. I followed qualitative research methodology, and was extensively influenced by feminist theory. Participant observation, in-depth interviews and focus group methods were used flexibly to reflect the richness of gecekondu lives. The data includes 83 interviews, one focus group and my observations in Ege neighbourhood in Ankara. First-generation rural migrants largely relied on kin and family networks and established gecekondu communities which provided them with shelter against the insecurities of urban life and their exclusion from the mainstream. The mutual trust within gecekondu communities was a result of their solidarity and collective struggle to obtain title deeds and infrastructure services. The liberalization of the Turkish economy immediately after the coup d’état in 1980 brought in Gecekondu Amnesties which legalized the gecekondus built before 1985 and fragmented labour market, resulting in a fragmentation among them in terms of gecekondu ownership, types of jobs and the scope of their resources. Since their interests were no longer the same in the face of development policies, their solidarity decreased and collective strategies were replaced by individual tactics. The dissolving of the sense of community was most visible in the area of urban transformation projects, which were based on legal ownership of houses and social assistance, and created new tensions in the 2000s. -
A Case Study from Sri Lanka
water Article The Existence of Multiple Hydro-Mentalities and their Implications for Water Governance: A Case Study from Sri Lanka Kavindra Paranage * and Nancy Yang School of Social Sciences, Monash University, Wellington Road, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Received: 16 June 2020; Accepted: 16 July 2020; Published: 18 July 2020 Abstract: Traditionally, the literature on water management has considered water from a techno-realist point of view by focusing on finding the most effective technical solutions to distribute the largest quantities of water among populations. This paper takes an alternative position by suggesting that particular “ways” of managing water are culturally embedded and that water management practices stem from an underlying hydro-mentality among water users and system designers. To this end, we explore two different water systems in Sri Lanka and argue that each system is underpinned by a particular hydro-mentality that influences the ways in which water is managed by downstream communities. Keywords: hydro-mentality; irrigation; Sri Lanka; water; water management 1. Introduction Recently, attention has been brought to the idea of a “multiplicity of worlds animated in different ways” [1]. This supposition has challenged the assumption of an objective reality that is “out there”, fixed and potentially manageable by humans according to established knowledge hierarchies. Further, this line of thinking in scholarly work has brought to the forefront the fact that there may be diverse ways of being within and interacting with multiple worlds. In a set of recent contributions, for example, Blaser [1–3] has drawn attention to the limitations of environmental policies that dismiss ontological dimensions as cultural constructions. -
Rebel Cities: from the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution
REBEL CITIES REBEL CITIES From the Right to the City to the Urban Revolution David Harvey VERSO London • New York First published by Verso 20 12 © David Harvey All rights reserved 'Ihe moral rights of the author have been asserted 13579108642 Verso UK: 6 Meard Street, London WI F OEG US: 20 Jay Street, Suite 1010, Brooklyn, NY 1120 I www.versobooks.com Verso is the imprint of New Left Books eiSBN-13: 978-1-84467-904-1 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Harvey, David, 1935- Rebel cities : from the right to the city to the urban revolution I David Harvey. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-84467-882-2 (alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-84467-904-1 I. Anti-globalization movement--Case studies. 2. Social justice--Case studies. 3. Capitalism--Case studies. I. Title. HN17.5.H355 2012 303.3'72--dc23 2011047924 Typeset in Minion by MJ Gavan, Cornwall Printed in the US by Maple Vail For Delfina and all other graduating students everywhere Contents Preface: Henri Lefebvre's Vision ix Section 1: The Right to the City The Right to the City 3 2 The Urban Roots of Capitalist Crises 27 3 The Creation of the Urban Commons 67 4 The Art of Rent 89 Section II: Rebel Cities 5 Reclaiming the City for Anti-Capitalist Struggle 115 6 London 201 1: Feral Capitalism Hits the Streets 155 7 #OWS: The Party of Wall Street Meets Its Nemesis 159 Acknowledgments 165 Notes 167 Index 181 PREFACE Henri Lefebvre's Vision ometime in the mid 1970s in Paris I came across a poster put out by S the Ecologistes, a radical neighborhood action movement dedicated to creating a more ecologically sensitive mode of city living, depicting an alternative vision for the city. -
Narrow but Endlessly Deep: the Struggle for Memorialisation in Chile Since the Transition to Democracy
NARROW BUT ENDLESSLY DEEP THE STRUGGLE FOR MEMORIALISATION IN CHILE SINCE THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY NARROW BUT ENDLESSLY DEEP THE STRUGGLE FOR MEMORIALISATION IN CHILE SINCE THE TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY PETER READ & MARIVIC WYNDHAM Published by ANU Press The Australian National University Acton ACT 2601, Australia Email: [email protected] This title is also available online at press.anu.edu.au National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry Creator: Read, Peter, 1945- author. Title: Narrow but endlessly deep : the struggle for memorialisation in Chile since the transition to democracy / Peter Read ; Marivic Wyndham. ISBN: 9781760460211 (paperback) 9781760460228 (ebook) Subjects: Memorialization--Chile. Collective memory--Chile. Chile--Politics and government--1973-1988. Chile--Politics and government--1988- Chile--History--1988- Other Creators/Contributors: Wyndham, Marivic, author. Dewey Number: 983.066 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Cover design and layout by ANU Press. Cover photograph: The alarm clock, smashed at 14 minutes to 11, symbolises the anguish felt by Michele Drouilly Yurich over the unresolved disappearance of her sister Jacqueline in 1974. This edition © 2016 ANU Press I don’t care for adulation or so that strangers may weep. I sing for a far strip of country narrow but endlessly deep. No las lisonjas fugaces ni las famas extranjeras sino el canto de una lonja hasta el fondo de la tierra.1 1 Victor Jara, ‘Manifiesto’, tr. Bruce Springsteen,The Nation, 2013. -
Using-Space-Seven.Pdf
USING SPACe using space seven august 2o12 MASS SQUATTING ACTION – OCT 13th [squatters network of brighton] Persons Unit who were willing to take the risk and join the fight and become WHATEVER THEY SAY, SQUATTING WILL STAY! residents. A three pronged legal, media and physical approach would be employed – challenging the council not only very publically, but directly, by taking the hous - ing first and asking questions later. By the time the project fizzled out we actually We will resist the squatting ban by any means necessary. had 2 potential residents and roughly 10 live-in activists, a fully researched build - ing in our sights, the support of a local legal centre and no less than 3 people The Squatter’s Network of Brighton is calling for a Mass Squatting wanting to make a documentary about it all. But fizzle out it did; a wave of Action on October 13th to resist the new anti-squatting laws. This Possession Orders in early September threw most of us into looking after our own act is draconian, unworkable, an attack on our way of living and housing needs first, and many of the activists have now moved out of the borough. some of the most vulnerable in our society. We will not take it lying down. About this time I started looking into making a Housing Allowance claim, finding myself unemployed again. In short, I was eventually told by an advisor in the Around the UK, while increasing numbers are forced to sleep on HPU that squatting was probably my best option! Housing benefit varied each month, but for my age range it would be about £110 a week: in 3 weeks of looking the streets, hundreds of thousands of properties are lying empty, we never found anything that price in the borough – because landlords that ac - decaying and derelict. -
Deadly Secrets
DEADLY SECRETS A REPORT BY INTERNATIONAL LABOR RIGHTS FORUM BUILDING A JUST WORLD FOR WORKERS DEADLY SECRETS WHAT COMPANIES KNOW ABOUT DANGEROUS WORKPLACES AND WHY EXPOSING THE TRUTH CAN SAVE WORKERS’ LIVES IN BANGLADESH AND BEYOND Author: Björn Claeson December 2012 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Acknowledgements relating to the Bangladeshi garment industry. Editing and proofreading: Judy Gearhart with Liana Foxvog, Laura Gutierrez, and Dan Smith Corporate social responsibility staff of several companies Interview with Lovely: Trina Tocco that appear in this report critiqued an earlier version. We Research on factory fires: Robert J.S. Ross with Hanna hope that their comments have helped us better explain Claeson and Shannon Flowers our arguments for ending the deadly secrets in the Layout and design: Haley Wrinkle with Hanna Claeson industry. We wish to thank the National Garment Workers The International Labor Rights Forum (ILRF) is an advocacy Federation in Bangladesh and the Bangladesh Center organization based in Washington, DC. ILRF is dedicated for Worker Solidarity for their research and reports on to achieving just and humane treatment for workers Bangladeshi garment workers’ wages, social security, worldwide and serves a unique role among human rights housing, and living conditions. The development of the organizations as advocates for and with working poor core ideas for this report has benefitted from our frequent people around the world. We believe that all workers critical conversations with colleagues at the Clean Clothes have the right to a safe working environment where they Campaign, the IndustriALL Global Union, the Maquila are treated with dignity and respect, and where they can Solidarity Network, and the Worker Rights Consortium. -
Strategies to Combat Homelessness
Strategies to combat homelessness United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) Nairobi, 2000 This publication has been reproduced without formal editing by the United Nations. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers of boundaries. Reference to names of firms and commercial products and processes does not imply their endorsement by the United Nations, and a failure to mention a particular firm, commercial product or process is not a sign of disapproval. Excerpts from the text may be reproduced without authorisation, on condition that the source is indicated. Cover design: Amrik Kalsi, UNCHS (Habitat), Nairobi Cover photos credits: UNCHS (Habitat), UNICEF and Mark Edwards Printing: UNON Printshop, Nairobi United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) Nairobi, 2000 HS / 599 / 00 E ISBN 92-1-131458-5 An electronic version of this publication is available for download from the UNCHS (Habitat) web-site by August 2000. The electronic version — in compiled HTML format, allowing complex text searches — requires Microsoft Windows 98 or Microsoft Windows 95 plus Microsoft Internet Explorer (version 4 or later). United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat) publications can be obtained from UNCHS (Habitat)’s Regional Offices or directly from: United Nations Centre for Human Settlements (Habitat), Publications Unit, P.O. Box 30030, Nairobi, Kenya Fax: 254-2-604060 E-mail: [email protected] URL: http://www.unchs.org Preface Within the next few years, and for the first time in human history, more people will live in cities and towns than in rural areas. -
Housing the Urban Poor in Bangladesh: a Study of Housing Conditions, Policies and Organisations
Housing the Urban Poor in Bangladesh: A Study of Housing Conditions, Policies and Organisations MD. ASHIQ-UR-RAHMAN MSc. Urban Development Planning, University College London Submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Heriot-Watt University School of the Built Environment October 2012 The copyright in this thesis is owned by the author. Any quotation from the thesis or use of any of the information contained in it must acknowledge this thesis as the source of the quotation or information. i ABSTRACT The rapid urbanisation process in developing countries has heightened the crisis of employment, shelter provision and urban services. The increased number of urban population and lack of institutional capacity is causing urban poverty, which has two- way cause-effect relationship with inadequate housing and service provision. In Bangladesh almost 30% of the urban population is living in slums and squatters. To address the housing issues of the urban poor, different programmes and policies have been designed and implemented internationally based on different macro-economic development approaches. The main development approaches are Modernisation, Keynesian, Basic Needs, Neo-liberal and Collaborative, which have been translated in different housing approaches like Conventional Housing, Public and Self-help Housing, Aided Self-help Housing, Enabling Mechanism and Community-led Housing. Thus the development approaches reframes the housing policies of a country and restructures the housing provision through different organisational arrangements to change the housing conditions of the urban poor. This study therefore examine the impact of development approaches for housing the urban poor in Bangladesh by analysing the housing conditions, policies and organisations drawing on the international theories, policies and practices.