Book Proceedings of ICES X -Bialystok, June 22 2019
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Book of Proceedings TenthFifth International International Conference Conference on: on: “Education “Education and and Social Social Sciences-Sciences- ChallengesChallenges towardstowards thethe Future”Future” 20182019 (ICES(ICES X- V- 2019) 2018) 22 June 2019 10 MARCH 2018 Bialystok - Poland Organized by International Institute for Private- Commercial- and Competition Law(IIPCCL) in Partnership with University of BiaÙystok (Poland), Institut za nau²na istraċivana (Montenegro), Institute of History and Political Science of the University of BiaÙystok (Poland), Tirana Business University (Albania), University College Peter Budi of Pristina, ( osovo) Edited by: Dr. Lena Hoě man Prof. Endri Papaorgi 11 Tenth InternationalFifth International Conference on: Conference “Education on:and “EducationSocial Sciences- and Challenges Social Sciences- towardsChallenges the Future” towards 2019 the Future” 2018 (ICES X- V- 2019) 2018) 22 June 2019 Vienna, 8 April 2017 Editor: Lena Hoě man Endri Papajorgji Tirana ISBN: .............................. ISBN:978-9928-259-55-4 978-9928-259-05-9 Bialystok - Poland Disclaimer Every reasonable effort has been made to ensure that the material in this book is true, correct, complete, and appropriate at the time of writing. Nevertheless the publishers, the editors and the authors do not accept responsibility for any omission or error, or any injury, damage, loss or financial consequences arising from the use of the book. The views expressed by contributors do not necessarily reflect those of University of Bialystok (Poland), International Institute for Private, Commercial and Competition law, Institut za nau na istra ivanja (Montenegro), Tirana Business University (Albania) and University College Pjeter Budi of Pristina, (Kosovo). 22 2 International Scientific Committee ICBLAS III 2015 (ICES(ICES(ICES VII X V-2018)2019) 2018) Prof. Dr. Jürgen Wolfbauer, Montanuniversitaet Leoben (Austria) Prof. Dr. John Rowley Gillingham, University of Missouri (USA) Prof. Dr. Lindita Milo (Lati), University of Tirana (Albania) Dr. Hans-Achim Roll, Rechtsanwalt (Germany) Prof. ass. Dr. Evis Kushi, University of Elbasan (Albania) Prof. Dr. Horst-Dieter Westerhoff, Universität Duisburg-Essen (Germany) Prof. Dr. Francesco Scalera, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Italy) Prof. Dr. Lavdosh Zaho, Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Dr. Thomas Schildbach, Universität Passau (Germany) Prof. Dr. Lisen Bashkurti, Director of the Albanian Diplomatic Academy (Albania) Dr. Angelika Kofler, Europäisches Forum Alpbach (Austria) Prof. Em. Johannes Bronkhorst, University of Lausanne (Switzerland) Prof. ass. Dr. PhD (Uni Graz) Endri Papajorgji, Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Dr. Joseph Mifsud, University of East Anglia, London, (UK) Prof. Dr. Nabil Ayad, University of East Anglia, London, (UK) Dr. Mladen Andrlic, Director of the Diplomatic Academy (Croatia) Dr. PhD (Staffordshire) Entela Shehaj, Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Em. Winfried Mueller, University of Klagenfurt (Austria) Prof. Dr. Juliana Latifi, Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Em. Hans Albert, University of Mannheim (Germany) Prof. Dr. Ilia Kristo, University of Tirana (Albania) Prof. Dr. Bektash Mema, University of Gjirokastra (Albania) Prof. ass. Dr. Makbule Çeço, Tirana Business University (Albania) Prof. Dr. Fabrizio Baldassarre, Università degli studi di Bari Aldo Moro (Italy) Prof. Em. Johann Götschl, University of Graz (Austria) Prof. Dr. Rajmonda Duka, University of Tirana (Albania) Prof. Em. Robert Müller, University of Salzburg (Austria) Prof. Dr. Mimoza Karagjozi Kore, University of Tirana (Albania) Prof. Dr. Malyadri Pacha, Osmania University (India) 33 33 TABLE OF CONTENTS Transitional process due to lightning strike on objects of special importance .................................................................................................................. 5 Eda Pejtamalli Xhemali Pejtamalli Municipalities for Europe Platform in Albania ..................................................16 Kozeta Ligeja Some features of the verbs whose stem ends in–mi in the Cham Albanian dialect ........................................................................................................ 25 Entela Kore Problems of signing agricultural contracts between farmers and agro-processors in Albania ......................................................................................33 Eglantina Pazaj Perspective and Independence of Energy in Kosovo .........................................42 Valdet Gashi The strengthening of Italian-Albanian alliance in the political-military fi eld at the end of ‘20s and beginning of ‘30s of the 20th Century ....................48 Antoneta Hoxha The importance and impact of some macroeconomic indicators on investments for the Balkan countries ....................................................................59 Fabian Pjetri Migena Musallari 4 Transitional process due to lightning strike on objects of special importance Msc. Ing. Eda Pejtamalli Telecommunication engineer at Hiber Dr. Xhemali Pejtamalli Department of Electrotechnics - Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic University of Tirana Abstract Protection from lightening is very much needed on objects of special importance on which are installed electronic sophisticated devices. The lightning strike on the object can cause dangerous over-voltages, and over-currents that may cause malfunctions of electronic devices. The simulation of electromagnetic transient processes, caused by the lightning strike on the lightning rod, is performed using the ATP Draw soft ware, a graphical program of the EMTP version on the MS-Windows platform. The focus of the study was the assessment of the behavior of the object under the light source eff ect. The length of each segment is 5 m. The line model with distributed parameters is used, with the Heidler current source representing the power source from the direct lightning strike in the object. The mathematical model customized for ATP Draw, characterized by constant loss line defi ning lines, based on the one-phase Clark model. Inductance, capacity and value resistance of the segment model are calculated using the method of average potentials programmed in the MATLAB code. The impact of the equivalent earthing resistance is considered by the approval of the model that implies constant resistance. Keywords: line with distributed parameters, segment, lightning change law, lightning protec- tion system, wave pass process. Introduction The performance of lightning in diff erent objects has an important role to play on the functionality, maintain and preserving these objects. Lightning is the most important case of the external case [1] that can cause hazardous damage to equipment, high voltage requirements, and EMC electromagnetic compatibility [9]-[10]. Aft er some surveys in the facility, we have identifi ed obvious problems when the equipment is mounted in places where the specifi c earth resistance is very high [13]. Vertical tube junctions [5] are considered as an eff ective solution to the earthing system [1]. There is a very high research interest in studying and modeling the impacts caused by transient processes occurring during lightning strikes, impulsive currents. Accurate calculations, time spent on the calculation procedure, input and output variables represent a complex and challenging assessment environment. For the modeling of lightning and lightning currents in lightning protection systems [1], there are very accurate methods based on electromagnetic fi eld theory [1], [7], [10]. Usually are used integral equations of the electric fi eld at the frequency or time plane for thin conductor structures and the instantaneous equation method [1], [10]. The methods are adapted considering the electromagnetic environment around the object. Among the various methods that are present for temporary electromagnetic processes we 5 can mention: Solving integral equations with the mean potential’s method [7], [8] and the fi nite element method [1] together with fi nite changes in the plane time and frequency [11], [12]. In our study we have adopted the analysis method on circles with distributed parameters. [1], [2], [3]. The article presents a model [6] in the analysis of the temporary lightning strike at an object based on the use of the ATP - EMTP soft ware package [18], [19]. The direct impact of lightning is modeled on a Heidler current source [3]. In the numerical model, the conductors are divided into segments and Clark's model with distributed parameters is used. The number of segments needed for a precise simulation depends on the higher frequency of the injected pulse of the lightening. II Calculation of segment length The segment length can be determined, depending on the maximum frequency, and λ the minimum electromagnetic wavelength: ΔL < min (1) 10 Thus, depending on the length of the electromagnetic wave, the length of the segment is calculated, which will be represented by an equivalent electrical circuit. The minimum length of the electromagnetic wave is defi ned by this formula: c λmin = (2) f max We have obtained the maximum frequency of the injected lightning current at the height of the object: f = 2 MHz So, the criterion to choose the length of the segment has the form: 30 ΔL < (3) f max [MHz] III. Calculation of capacity, inductivity and value resistance Unit segment capacity can be calculated as follows [3], [5]: 4πε ⋅ ΔL 4πε ⋅ ΔL C = 0 = 0 (4) ΔL ⋅ ΔL' ΔL ⋅ ΔL I ± I ∫∫−