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Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID‑19 Infections and Deaths Eindnoten Eindnoten bij het boek FABELS e en f FEITEN e over f VOEDING e en f GEZONDHEID ERIC DE MAERTELEIRE 1 https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/immune- system#:~:text=The%20immune%20system%20is%20a, it%20enters%20the%20 body%20again 2 https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-matters/decoding-variety-human- antibodies/ 3 https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-work 4 J M Puck (1997). Primary immunodeficiency diseases. Review. JAMA, Dec 10, 278(22), 1835-41. 5 Picard C., Bobby Gaspar H., Al-Herz W., et al. (2018). International Union of Immunological Societies: 2017 Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases Committee Report on Inborn Errors of Immunity. Journal of Clinical Immunology 38, 96-128. 6 Paul C Mayor et al. (2018). Cancer in primary immunodeficiency diseases: Cancer incidence in the United States Immune Deficiency Network Registry. J Allergy Clin Immunol, Mar, 141(3), 1028-1035. 7 Anette Christ, Mario Lauterbach, Eicke Latz (2019). Western Diet and the Immune System: An Inflammatory Connection. Review. Immunity, Nov 19, 51(5), 794-811. 8 Fajgenbaum, D.C. & June, C.H. (2020). Cytokine Storm. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2255-2273. 9 Green, W.D., Beck, M.A. (2017). Obesity impairs the adaptive immune response to influenza virus. Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 14(5), S406-409. 10 https://www.jax.org/news-and-insights/2020/february/immune-system-changes-with- age-differ-between-men-and-women# 11 Libert, C., Dejager, L. & Pinheiro, I. (2010). The X chromosome in immune functions: when a chromosome makes the difference. Nature Reviews Immunology, 10, 594-604. 12 https://www.the-scientist.com/features/sex-differences-in-immune-responses-to- viral-infection-68466/ INDNOTEN 13 Grant , W.B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S.L., et al. (2020). Evidence that vitamin D E supplementation could reduce risk of influenza and COVID-19 infections and deaths. Nutrients, 12(4), 988. 14 Gombart, A.F., Pierre, A. & Maggini S. (2020). A review of micronutrients and the immune System–working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients, 12(1), 236. 15 Amrein, K., Schnedl, C. & Holl, A. (2014). Effect of high-dose vitamin D3 on hospital length of stay in critically ill patients with vitamin D deficiency: the VITdAL-ICU randomized clinical trial. JAMA, 312(15), 520-1530. 16 Calder, P.C. (2020). Nutrition, immunity and Covid-19. BMJournal of Nutrition. Prev. Health, bmjnph-2020-000085. 17 Hemilä, H. & Chalker, E. (2019). Vitamin C can shorten the length of stay in the ICU: a meta-analysis. Nutrients, 11(4), 708. 18 Wessels, I., Maywald, M. & Rink, L. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function. Nutrients, 9(12), 1286. 19 Guillin, O.M., Vindry, C., Ohlmann, T. & Chavatte, L. (2019). Selenium, selenoproteins and viral infection. Nutrients, 11(9), 2101. 20 Wessels, I. Maywald , M. & Rink, L. (2017). Zinc as a gatekeeper of immune function. Nutrients, 9(12), 1286. 21 Caballero, S. & Pamer, E.G. (2015. Microbiota-mediated inflammation and antimicrobial defense in the intestine. Annual Review of Immunology, 21(33), 227-256. 22 Li, X.V., Leonardi, I. &Iliev, I.D. (2019. Gut mycobiota in immunity and inflammatory disease. Immunity, 18; 50(6), 1365-1379. I 23 https://www.standaarduitgeverij.be/boek/hele-en-halve-waarheden-en-complete- onzin-over-voeding-9789022337226/ 24 Poppe J. (2006). Gezond met paddestoelen. Vlaams Instituut voor Orthomoleculaire Wetenschappen, Gezondheids-lesreeks, oktober. 25 Poppe J. (2003). De kracht van preventie: geneeskrachtige moleculen in paddestoelen “De Mycotherapie”. Verslag van het 5e Internationaal Orthomoleculair Congres, oktober 2003. 26 Zhu, Y., Baars, J. & Hollegien, K. (2003). Perspectief actieve inhoudsstoffen van paddestoelen in Nederland - een deskstudie. Praktijkonderzoek Plant & Omgeving B.V., PPO Projectnummer: 220152, Wageningen UR. 27 Shakoor H., et al. (2020). Immune-boosting role of vitamins D, C, E, zinc, selenium and omega-3 fatty acids: Could they help against COVID-19? Maturitas, 143: 1-9. 28 https://www.sge-ssn.ch/media/Nutritional-status-in-supporting-a-well-functioning- immune-system-for-optimal-health-with-a-recommendation-for-Switzerland-1.pdf/ 29 Full list of EFSA Health Claims: https://nutraceuticalsgroup.com/uk/full-list-of-efsa-health-claims/ 30 Cynthia Aranow (2011). Vitamin D and the immune system. Review. J Investig Med, Aug, 59(6), 881-6. 31 Grant, W.B., Lahore, H., McDonnell, S.L., et al. (2020). Evidence that Vitamin D Supplementation Could Reduce Risk of Influenza and COVID-19 Infections and Deaths., Nutrients, 12(4), 988. 32 https://vitamindforall.org/letter.html/ 33 De Maerteleire, E. (2019). Gezond eten, gezond ouder worden. Manteau, Antwerpen. 34 Hunt C., Chakravorty N., Annan G., Habibzadeh N., Schorah C. (1994).The clinical effects of vitamin C supplementation in elderly hospitalised patients with acute respiratory infections. Int. J. Vitam. Nutr. Res, 64(3), 212–219. INDNOTEN E 35 https://www.standaarduitgeverij.be/boek/gezond-eten-gezond-ouder-worden- kookboek-9789022336922/ 36 https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Zinc-Consumer/ 37 te Velthuis, A.J.W., et al. (2010). Zn(2+) inhibits coronavirus and arterivirus RNA polymerase activity in vitro and zinc ionophores block the replication of these viruses in cell culture. PLoS Pathog, 6(11), e1001176. 38 Biaggio, V.S., Pérez Chaca, M.V., Valdéz, S.R., Gómez, N.N. & Gimenez M.S. (2010). Alteration in the expression of inflammatory parameters as a result of oxidative stress produced by moderate zinc deficiency in rat lung. Exp Lung Res, 36(1), 31-44. 39 Skalny, A.V., Rink, L., Ajsuvakova, O.P., et al. (2020). Zinc and respiratory tract infections: perspectives for COVID19. Int. J Mo. Med, 46(1), 17-26. 40 Razzaque, M. 2020. COVID-19 Pandemic: Can Maintaining Optimal Zinc Balance Enhance Host Resistance? The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 251(3):175-181. 41 Zhang, J., Taylor, E.W., Bennett, K., Saad, R. & Rayman, M.P. (2020). Association between regional selenium status and reported outcome of COVID-19 cases in China. Am J Clin Nutr, 111(6), 1297-1299. 42 Zhang, L. &Liu, Y. (2020). Potential interventions for novel coronavirus in China: A systematic review. J Med Virol, 92(5), 479-490. 43 Harthill, M. (2011). Review: micronutrient selenium deficiency influences evolution of some viral infectious diseases. Biol Trace Elem Res, 143, 1325-1336. 44 Kieliszek, M. & Lipinski, B. (2020).Selenium supplementation in the prevention of coronavirus infections (COVID-19). Med Hypotheses, 143, 109878. II 45 Gombart, A.F., Pierre, A. & Maggini, S. (2020). A review of micronutrients and the immune System – working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients, 12(1), 236. 46 Dai, Q., Zhu, X., Manson, J.E., et al. (2018). Magnesium status and supplementation influence vitamin D status and metabolism: results from a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr, 108(6), 1249-1258. 47 Wallace, T.C. (2020). Combating COVID-19 and building immune resilience: a potential role for magnesium nutrition? J Am Coll Nutr, 39(8), 685-693. 48 S S Percival (1998). Copper and immunity. Review. Am J Clin Nutr, May, 67(5 Suppl), 1064S-1068S. 49 Syamal Raha, Rahul Mallick, Sanjay Basak, Asim K Duttaroy (2020). Is copper beneficial for COVID-19 patients? Med Hypotheses, Sep, 142, 109814. 50 https://www.voedingscentrum.nl/encyclopedie/aanbevolen-dagelijkse-hoeveelheid- adh.aspx/ 51 Chandra RK. (1997). Nutrition and the immune system: an introduction. The American journal of clinical nutrition, aug 1, 66(2), 460S-3S. 52 Hemilä H, Louhiala P. (2013). Vitamin C for preventing and treating pneumonia. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 8. 53 Martineau AR, Jolliffe DA, Hooper RL, Greenberg L, Aloia JF, Bergman P, Dubnov-Raz G, Esposito S, Ganmaa D, Ginde AA, Goodall EC. (2017). Vitamin D supplementation to prevent acute respiratory tract infections: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual participant data. BMJ, Feb, 15, 356, i6583. 54 National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. Echinacea. https://www.nccih.nih.gov/health/echinacea. Accessed 4/2/20/ 55 Karsch-Völk, M., Barrett, B., Kiefer, D., et al. (2014). Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2(2), INDNOTEN CD000530. E 56 https://www.cochranelibrary.com/ 57 Lissiman, E., Bhasale, A.L. & Cohen, M. (2014). Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD006206. 58 Furushima, D., Ide, K. & Yamada, H. (1975). Effect of tea catechins on influenza infection and the common cold with a focus on epidemiological/clinical studies. Molecules, 23(7), 1795. 59 https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/multivitamin/ 60 Chel, V., Wijnhoven, H.A.H., Smit, J.H., Ooms, M. &Lips, P. (2008). Efficacy of different doses and time intervals of oral vitamin D supplementation with or without calcium in elderly nursing home residents. Osteoporos Int, 19(5), 663-671. 61 Huttunen, R., Heikkinen, T. & Syrjänen, J. (2011). Smoking and the outcome of infection. Review. J Intern Med, 269(3), 258-69. 62 https://www.science.org.au/curious/people-medicine/hand-sanitiser-or-soap-making- informed-choice-covid-19/ 63 https://www.technopolis.be/nl/blog/wat-is-groepsimmuniteit-en-werkt-het-ook/ 64 Gomes, M.G.M., et al. (2020). Individual variation in susceptibility or exposure to SARS- CoV-2 lowers the herd immunity threshold., medRxiv, 2020.04.27.20081893. 65 Postmes, T.; (1994). Honing en brandwonden. Academisch Ziekenhuis, Maastricht. 66 Hussain, M.B. (2018). Role of Honey in Topical and Systemic Bacterial Infections. Review. J Altern Complement Med, 24(1), 15-24. 67 http://www.huisarts.be/honing.htm/ III 68 Cooper, R. (2016). Honey for wound care in the 21st century. Review. J Wound Care, 25(9), 544-552. 69 Molan, P.C. (1992). The antibacterial activity of honey.
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