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THE RESOLUTION ON THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2022
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TOGETHER TOWARDS BETTER ROAD SAFETY
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION 5 VISION ZERO 7 THE ROAD SAFETY PRINCIPLES 8
STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program 10 ROAD SAFETY IN EU AND IN SLOVENIA 13
ORGANISATIONAL ASPECT OF THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program 17
OPERATORS, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL Program 18 National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia: 18 BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO ASSURE THE ROAD SAFETY 18 INTERMINISTERIAL WORKING GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING AND EXECUTION OF THE NATIONAL Program 19
ROAD SAFETY AREAS WITH ITS OBJECTIVES 20 ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE 20 VEHICLES 25 TRAFFIC EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING 28 HEALTH CARE FOR INJURED 35 CONTROL 36 SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK 42 HELP TO THE VICTIMS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES 43
OBJECTIVES OF THE PARTIAL AREAS OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY 44 SPEED 45 ALCOHOL, ILLICIT DRUGS AND OTHER PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES 47 DRIVERS OF MOTORCYCLES 51 CYCLISTS 54 TRACTOR DRIVERS 58 PEDESTRIANS 59 SAFETY BELT AND CHILD SAFETY SEAT 62 YOUNG DRIVERS 64 Elderly drivers 66 RAILWAY CROSSINGS 70
NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS 73
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE AND OTHER COMPANIES IN THE FIELD OF ROAD TRAFFIC 74
FINANCING 75
THE REALIZATION AND THE EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM 76
THE PLAN AND THE STRATEGY OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION 78
INTRODUCTION
In addition to great advantages, the modern civilization European road safety area: policy orientations on road safety brought also tragedies. With the development of a car, which 2011-2020, No. 12603/10. connected the unreachable places, a darker side followed – traffic accidents. In determining the consequences of traffic In the Commissions Communication "Europe 2020 – A strategy accidents we are faced with the loss of lives and injuries for smart, sustainable and inclusive growth" (COM(2010) 2020) as irreplaceable and devastating losses within families and the Commission has underlined the importance for Europe of damages which the societies are faced with as a result of traffic social cohesion, a greener economy, education and innovation. accidents. The worst consequences of traffic accidents, such as These objectives should be reflected in the various aspects fatalities and severe injuries, affect mostly families. of European transport policy which should aim at ensuring sustainable mobility for all citizens, "decarbonising" transport Road safety in Slovenia and in the European Union is an and make full use of technological progress. Road safety important social issue. In 2011, 30,100 persons were killed will play an important role in the upcoming White Paper on on roads in the European Union which we can compare to transport policy 2010 – 2020, as lowering the number of road a population of a middle-size town. 324,000 people were users' casualties is key to improving the overall performance injured. The social cost of the worst consequences of the traffic of the transport system and to meet citizens' and companies' accidents in the EU is very high – in 2010 they amounted to 130 needs and expectations. billion Euros (on the basis of statistical value of life, which has been calculated in the HEATCO study – 6th framework program The proposed policy orientations take fully account of the for research and technological development; European results obtained during the 3rd road safety action program Commission). In 2011, 141 persons were killed in Slovenia and 2001-2010 (Communication from the Commission, No. SEC 9,673 were injured which represents 0,8% in total number of (2006)221: European road safety action program mid-term victims and 0,8% in total number of injured. The estimated review), showing that in spite of important progress made social cost of traffic accidents added up to 636 million Euros in on road safety, efforts needed to be continued and further 2011 (registered and damage assessment of traffic accidents) strengthened. which represent 1,76% of gross domestic product. A coherent holistic and integrated approach is therefore The participants in road traffic, road infrastructure, motor needed, taking into account synergies with other policy goals. vehicles and traffic environment are the main factors which Road safety policies at local, national, European or international have an impact on the occurrence of traffic accidents. Each level should, in accordance with the principle of subsidiarity, person has the important role in all these factors, because take into consideration and apply measures concerning the as a driver they have the role of a user of motor vehicle and road safety on all levels. roads and as a planner they have a very important part in road construction. Road safety depends on the responsible conduct In the Article 3, the Driver’s Act (Official Gazette of the Republic of individuals, educational and preventive institutions, media, of Slovenia, No. 109/10) applies that the priorities and objectives repressive and judicial authorities, civil society, enterprises, to assure a greater road safety are set by the National Road self-governing local communities and last but not least public Safety Program of the Republic of Slovenia, hereinafter referred authorities. to as National Program.
The main attention of the transport policy in the Republic The National Program is based on the analysis of the present of Slovenia is focused on the sustainable mobility which also road safety status and its role and meaning of the safety for the represents the focus of the EU’s transport policy. The goal of economic and social development. The changes in the field the European transport policy is to separate the mobility from of road safety initiate new development movement which its negative side effects which is of key importance to achieve requires a rapid follow-on innovations and its implementation safety, environmental and energetic objectives by 2020. in practice. The National Program is a strategic document European Union encourages, in order to achieve the objectives which, by defining the status, objectives and measures, of transport policy, the development of environmental friendly ensures sustainable and integrated possibilities especially in transport sector, the development of the effective systems of the field of road safety. traffic management and bigger safety in the road transport.
The basis for the elaboration of the National Road Safety Program is: The White Paper: Roadmap to a Single European Transport Area – Towards a competitive and resource efficient transport system No. 8333/11, Resolution on the Transport Policy of the Republic of Slovenia (Intermodality: time for synergy) (Official Gazette No. 58/06) (Strategic development of Slovenia; adopted by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia during its 30th regular session on June 23 2005), Resolution on National Development for the period 2007- 2023, which was adopted by the Government of the Republic of Slovenia during its 92nd regular session on October 12 2006, Communication of the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Towards a
VISION ZERO
Vision Zero means:
NO FATALITIES AND NO SEVERELY INJURED IN ROAD ACCIDENTS IN SLOVENIA
Vision Zero embodies the positive and responsible attitude infrastructure and vehicle technology, which would prevent of road transport system designers and participants in the the possible errors leading to serious road accidents. program of safety. Through their overall action they should be able to prevent the severest consequences of road Vision Zero confers the responsibility for creating a safe system accidents and establish an important long-term objective: to every single designer, builder and user of roads and, as such, no fatalities and no severely injured in road accidents. From necessitates human and political concern for the improvement the moral point of view, this is the only possible long-term of road safety everywhere in the European Union. objective of every human society and as such also a clear and reasonable objective of all road transport system designers Vision Zero obliges authorities and organizations, self- and participants. Therefore, Vision Zero requires designers and governing local community bodies, professional institutions, operators of the system as well as road users to change their civil society organizations and individuals to focus all their way of thinking and their actions. They need to act in a clear decisions and action on its implementation. They adapt and and responsible way, as prescribed by traffic rules and requires form the transport system in a way that people don’t die or within the road transport system, so as to develop a road are severely injured. THE ROAD SAFETY PRINCIPLES
The National Program deals with issues which are professionally challenging and the most demanding as far as safety is concerned in the Republic of Slovenia. It is based on three principles:
1. striving for the highest road safety standards
Road safety policy has to ensure safety to all citizens. It has to citizens a safe and environmentally friendly mobility and encourage them to take primary responsibility for their safety also to encourage the equality of all the participants in road and the safety of others. Each individual has to be conscious traffic. With its activities, the road safety must influence the that with the unpredictable behavior and with the violation improvement of the safety of vulnerable participants in road of traffic rules they cause danger and are also endangered. traffic. Road safety must be based on the activities to assure to all
2.te In grATED approach to road safety
With the strategic orientation in the field of road safety, other Road safety has close links with policies on energy, guidelines and basis concerning other traffic fields must be environment, employment, education, youth, public health, taken into account. The road safety fundamental guidelines research, innovation and technology, justice, insurance1, trade must be founded on its objectives. and foreign affairs, among others.
3. SuBSIDIARITY, proportionality and shared responsibility
The essential principle of road safety management: to actions; the regional and local authorities and the actors in be in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity and civil society are bound to take specific measures and to apply proportionality, which in road safety are embodied in the them. The European Road Safety Charter is a good example of concept of shared responsibility, commitment and concrete commitments taken by the relevant actors.
1 The insurance sector can contribute to road safety through training actions as well as insurance policies. For instance, Pay-As-You-Drive (PAYD) schemes where the premium varies with the amount of kilometres driven could lead to substantial savings on
accident costs as well as a reduction in CO2 emissions from cars. 8 The National Road Safety Program also follows other principles which enable the efficiency and reality of the National Program.
These principles are: • v support • feasibility • flexibility/pragmatism • timeliness/adequacy • conformity of the monitoring level (international / national / local) • rationality/optimum/efficiency • transparency/traceability/comparability • responsibility • systematic approach • measurability and other principles.
HEALTH
O M BILITY
SUSTAINABLE MOBILITY
C EFFICIENCYECONO
SECURITY M I
GY ECOLO
9 STRATEGIC OBJECTIVES OF THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program
The common objective of Member States is to save as many objective, the number of fatalities in road accidents should lives as possible and to halve the number of victims by 2020. not exceed 70 by the end of 2022 and the number of severely In accordance with the National Program, which pursues this injured should not exceed 460 on Slovenian roads.
1. THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES ON SLOVENIAN ROADS SHOULD NOT EXCEED 35 PER MILLION INHABITANTS BY THE END OF 2022
2. THE NUMBER OF SEVERELY INJURED ON SLOVENIAN ROADS SHOULD NOT EXCEED 230 PER MILLION BY THE END OF 2022
The basis is 2011 when there were 141 fatalities in Slovenia and exceed 35 per million inhabitants and the number of severely 919 road traffic participants were severely injured. Considering injured on Slovenian roads should not exceed 230 per million the European objective to halve the number of fatalities by by 2022. 2020, the number of fatalities on Slovenian roads should not
Graph 1: Number of fatalities in road traffic between 2001 and 2011 and anticipated reduction by 2022
Both trends of fatalities between 2001 and 2011 indicate, in theory and informatively, a reduction of road accident fatalities by 2022 (correlation coefficient is relatively low with both trends which means that the regression line tolerance is about 45%). In order to achieve this objective, the number of fatalities among vulnerable road users group must be reduced. Both trends also indicate that in 2009, 2010 and 2011 the number of fatalities is under the trend’s line which can encourage all users of the National Program to carry out the strategy of achieving the reduction of fatalities on Slovenian roads.
10 Graph 2: Number of severely injured participants in road traffic 2001 – 2011 with exponential trend by 2022
The number of severely injured in road traffic had been reducing constantly from 2001 (2,481) by 2010. The number of severely injured was reduced by 65% by 2010. In 2011, the number of severely injured grew by 9% or 919. The exponential regression rates of severely injured shows a rate reduced by half by 2022. The correlation coefficient is relatively high (R2=0,82) and shows approximately a 20% distortion from the expected results. The reduction of the severely injured is possible only with the consistent compliance of the National Program’s strategy to reduce the road traffic fatalities by 2022.
Graph 3: Realization of objectives of the National Program between 2001 and 2011 and the objective to reduce The number of fatalities by 2022
Between 2004 and 2008, the existing number of fatalities on roads significally exceeded the expectations which had been defined by the previous National Programs. After 2008, the expectations were closer and in 2010, slightly exceeded. To achieve the final number of 70 or 35 fatalities per million inhabitants, the objectives, which are set for each year in advance, must be taken into consideration. In order to achieve the set objective, the number of fatalities must be reduced by 6 or 7 individuals per year after 2011 by 2022.
11 To achieve the set objective, numerous scenarios have been years had been considered, when the number of causalities simulated. Especially, the experiences from the last three or four had been significally reduced by successful preventive actions. Graph 4: Number of fatalities according to three possible scenarios
The graph shows the future situation of the possible scenarios, namely:
Scenario 1: No additional activities with fewer existing Scenario 3: To carry out all activities provided for the ones National Program The number of activities and its extent will be reduced due to This scenario provides a long-term system solution on all area the lack of resources and the increase of savings in all area. The of work of individual entities of traffic safety, integration of number of causalities can essentially even grow in individual extensive and substantially attractive actions through media, periods as far as this scenario is concerned. strict and consistent monitoring, immediate measures on the roads and immediate fines for the offenders. It anticipates Scenario 2: To carry out some additional activities more severe fines for offenders who cause severe traffic According to this scenario, the entities would perform accidents. Together with Scenario 2, the number of fatalities permanent activities – existing and new, attractive and would by 2022 drop to 70, which is comparable with the EU updated actions, respond immediately to the established countries which have the lowest number of causalities per disadvantages and in particular act more actively, in a million inhabitants. coordinated and target-oriented way, i.e. toward reducing the number of road fatalities.
Graph 5: Number of fatalities in road traffic from 2001 to 2011 and comparison to the main objective of the previous National Programs (2002 – 2005 and 2007 – 2011)
The objective of the National Program 2007 – 2011: in 2011, the objectives of the National Program from 2007 to 2011 weren’t reached. The number of fatalities had been decreasing by 2010, but in 2011, a minimal increase followed which made it impossible to reach the set objective. Nevertheless, with the coordinated actions with unifying effect we would like to possibly exceed the objectives in the following years which would confirm the right approach towards the coordinated work action of all the factors involved which influence the road safety improvement. 46% of fatalities in road accidents in 2011 can be directly or indirectly classified between the vulnerable groups of traffic participants (pedestrians, cyclists, motorcyclists). The reduction of mortality in this group is difficult due to a smaller possibility of controlling its violation of traffic rules. This is a target group which in 2022 should not exceed 40 fatalities and 30 quad cycles fatalities. For comparison: in 2011, the rate of motorized participants was 56%.
12 ROAD SAFETY IN EU AND IN SLOVENIA
In 2011, almost 30,100 people were killed on the roads in EU road participants died in traffic accidents. The European Member States. The common proposed objective in 2001 Commission set a new objective, namely to again reduce (and updated in 2004) was that the number of causalities the number of fatalities by half by 2020. In addition to road must not exceed the number 25,000 by the end of 2010. This fatalities, in 2011, 324,000 people were injured in the European objective hasn’t been completely reached as in 2010, 31,000 Union as a result of road accidents.
Graph 6: Number of fatalities in the EU Member States from 2001 to 2011 with the objective to decrease the number of fatalities from 2020 on
The development of road safety in the EU from 2001 on indicates the decreasing number of road fatalities in EU Member States. In 2001, the set objective was to half the number of fatalities (54,000 by 2010). The number of fatalities dropped by 43%, namely 31,000 people which is a positive result in spite of the fact that the objective wasn’t reached. In the new European Road Safety Action Plan 2011 – 2020 the objective is the same: to half the number of road traffic fatalities (in comparison to fatalities in 2010) by 2020; in 2020, the number of 15,500 road fatalities must not be exceeded.
Road traffic death rates depend on the level of transport The road transport mortality depends on the development system development and the measures being applied by level of the traffic system, traffic culture and measures which individual countries in order to improve road safety. On each state applies in order to improve safety. the basis of the data on the comparability of road safety between Slovenia and EU Member States for 2011, indicators The total number of road fatalities per million inhabitants of the number of fatalities resulting from road accidents per indicates that Slovenia is getting closer to the European 1,000,000 inhabitants reveal that the number of fatalities in average of 60 fatalities per million inhabitants. Yet in 2004, Slovenia exceeds the average of the 27 Member States by 15%, Slovenia had 137 road fatalities per million inhabitants and was which places Slovenia at the 17th place. The collective number placed 21st among 25 EU Member States. In 2009, Slovenia of road fatalities per million inhabitants show that Slovenia is progressed to the 17th place among 27 EU Member States but getting closer to the European average of 60 people killed per was still at the same place in 2011. million; in 2011, 69 road participants per million inhabitants were killed.
13 Graph 7: Reduction of road fatalities between 2001 and 2011 among the EU Member States
Between 2001 and 2011, the number of road fatalities decreased by 49% in Slovenia which places us next to Estonia, Hungary and Denmark. 7 countries were more successful than Slovenia, namely Latvia, Spain and Lithuania being the top three. The average EU decrease was 45%.
If we look back to 2007, Slovenia had 292 road fatalities and was situation was only in 1952 when there were only 162 road one of the less safe EU countries. In 2008, we decreased the fatalities on Slovenian roads and the level of motorization was number of road fatalities by 27% (214 fatalities) in comparison much lower than it is today. to 2007. In 2009, we were able to decrease the number by 20% in comparison to 2008 (171 fatalities in 2009). 2008 and In 2011, the road safety situation, as far as decreasing the 2009 were the first consecutive years in a 10 year long period number of fatalities and severely injured is concerned, came (the National Program period) when the number of road to a stop. Among 27 Member States, Slovenia was at the 9th fatalities dropped consecutively by more than 20% - in 2007, place in 2011 (141 fatalities), namely 49% drop of fatalities. the number of fatalities on Slovenian roads was almost halved. Slovenia was, as far as the safety rate is concerned, at the top 2010 was one of the safest years in the last fifty years as far among 27 European countries due to its 49% drop of road as fatalities and injured people are concerned. The similar traffic fatalities. Graph 8: Comparison of exponential trends of the number of fatalities in EU countries (1991 – 2011) and Slovenia (1991 – 2011)
The comparison of exponential trends of the number of fatalities in EU countries and in Slovenia from 1991 to 2011 indicates that the trends are almost parallel. This means that, in this period, the number of fatalities on Slovenian roads is decreasing similarly and proportionally as on the entire EU area.
14 Graph 9: Comparison of the number of injuries in road accidents in EU countries and in Slovenia from 2001 to 2011 (EU countries by 2009)
The comparison of linear trends of the number of injuries for the period shown (the comparable EU data are only for the 2001 – 2009 period) indicates a faster decrease of the number of injuries as foe example in Slovenia. But in the last couple of years in Slovenia this trend has been approaching the European average.
Table 1: Overview of road accidents and their consequences in the period 2001 – 2011
Road accidents Consequences
YEAR Accidents All Accidents with Severe Fatal accidents with material Fatalities Minor injuries accidents injuries injuries damage
2001 39722 243 9092 30126 278 2481 10384
2002 39732 239 10065 29191 269 1561 12538
2003 41319 220 11595 29332 242 1411 15487
2004 43136 253 12710 30070 274 1396 17665
2005 31669 229 10343 21097 258 1295 13424
2006 32123 233 11404 20486 262 1261 15363
2007 30890 263 11377 19250 293 1295 15108
2008 23296 200 8978 14118 214 1101 11660
2009 20945 154 8577 12214 171 1055 11251
2010 21500 128 7489 13889 138 880 9512
2011 22913 129 7089 15695 141 919 8754
Slovenia realized only partly the objectives of the National The comparison between the National Program 2007 – Road Safety Program for the periods 2002 – 2005 and 2007 – 2011 and the set objectives show that by 2010, the number 2011. The anticipated final objective of the number of fatalities of fatalities dropped from 262 to 138, namely by 47%. The was reached 100% due to the fact that in 2001 the number of number of severely injured decreased from 1,261 to 880, fatalities decreased from 278 to 138 in 2010, namely by 50%. namely by 30%. The number of minor injuries dropped from The number of severe injuries decreased from 2,481 to 880 15,363 to 9,512, namely by 38%. In 2011, we didn’t reach the set or by 65% in 2010. The number of minor injuries decreased objective, because 141 road participants died, but the National from 10,384 to 9,512 or by 8%. But the yearly number drop of Program’s objective was 124 fatalities. During the National fatalities wasn’t reached, because the number was increasing Program period the rate of fatalities dropped by 46,2%. from 2003 to 2007 and began to decrease only after this period.
Between 2001 and 2007 yearly fluctuations of the fatalities followed, from 242 in 2003 until the maximum number 293 in 2007 which represents only 63% of the reached objective. Afterwards, a significant decrease of fatalities followed, namely 138 in 2010.
15 Graph 10: Causes for fatal road accidents in 2011
In 2011, the main causes for fatal road accidents were excessive speeding, opposite driving direction and violating the right of way rule. The ratios between these three causes remain more or less the same during all these years. Excessive speeding, opposite driving direction and violating the right of way rule cause 80% of all road accidents.
16 ORGANISATIONAL ASPECT OF THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program
The strategy of the National Program assures a systematic synergy of the operation of all the involved bodies in this field approach to the set objectives and its realization. It creates a during the constant guidance, coordination and valuation of basis for common planning, execution of the National Program the follow-up strategies. The National Program anticipates, for and incorporation of all possible activities and entities which the realization of the strategy in general, the realization of the must or would like to contribute to the road safety. It enables a following basic strategic tasks on the national and local levels:
ON THE NATIONAL LEVEL: •• to set and to assure the best organizational and functional structure ••to assure horizontal and vertical harmonization ••to specify the financial strategy and to assure the systematic resources ••to assure the National Program a socio-political support
ON THE LOCAL LEVEL: •• to adopt the Road Safety Program with defined objectives, operators and tasks ••to carry out the tasks which are connected to a safe and smooth traffic on municipal roads ••to assure a systemic funding source ••to support activities of the Road Safety Council in the field of road safety ••to collaborate with the operators of the Road Safety Program
THE NATIONAL STRATEGY ASSURES:: •• to identify general and specific road safety issues ••to cooperate with appropriate international institutions in order to monitor, cooperate and consider the demands of the European Community in order to pursue the road safety objectives and to include the demands into the individual strategic programs ••to identify all the subjects which can, in any way possible, cooperate in the execution of the National Program and potential partners ••gradual shift from actions into activities which enables a systematic and permanent execution of activities ••to establish a systematic collection, analysis and maintenance of data which are needed to efficiently monitor the effectiveness of the program’s execution ••a cooperation and systematic inclusion of the international and national researches into operational solutions ••the flexibility of the program which will enable a direct response to unexpected road safety conditions ••the transparency of the strategies in order to approximate the set objectives in all time frames ••a control over the effectiveness of the execution of individual and common strategy and the execution of periodic evaluation of effectiveness ••to monitor the effects of carried out professional/scientific measures ••a required education and training for the needs of road safety.
Considering the characteristics and complexity of the road institutional changes and modifications on the other side, the traffic and transport safety which requires the interdisciplinary issue to assure the effective execution of the program (beside systematic actions on one side and new financial burdens, the road safety) on all levels is also present.
17 OPERATORS, RESPONSIBLE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL Program
N aTIONAL Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia:
•• it assures the sociopolitical support to the National Program ••it deals with and receives the annual reports concerning the results and the program’s execution ••it gives the necessary guidelines and specific tasks for a more efficient realization of actions
National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia deals with the development and issues of the road safety in the Republic of Slovenia in order to have a political coordination and supervision over the execution of the National Program. For this reason the Government of the Republic of Slovenia discusses, at least once a year, the report on the execution of the resolution concerning the National Program in the light of the realization of strategies, programs and action plans. The Government of the Republic of Slovenia submits the annual report concerning the execution of the National Program to the National Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia no later than by the 1st of July of the current year for the previous year.
BOARD OF DIRECTORS TO ASSURE THE ROAD SAFETY
The Government has established a Board of Directors to monitor, lead and supervise the National Program in order to have a political coordination and to assure strategic guidelines as far as the National Program’s execution is concerned.
The members of the board are: ••Director General of Infrastructure Directorate and Director General of Transport Directorate at the Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning ••Director General at the Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency ••Director General at the Slovenian Roads Agency ••Chairman of the Board of DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia) ••Director General of the Pre-School and Basic Education Directorate and Director General of the Secondary Education Directorate at the Ministry of Education, Science and Sport ••Director General of Police ••Director General of Public Health Directorate and Director General of Health Care Directorate at the Ministry of Health ••Director General of Labour Relations and Labour Rights Directorate ••Director General of Social Affairs Directorate at the Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities ••Director General of Directorate for Legislation on the Justice System at the Ministry of Justice Director of the Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief at the Ministry of Defence
The Board of Directors has the following tasks: ••it prepares the strategic directions and guidelines of measures in relation to the road safety development ••it deals with annual and final reports concerning the results and the program's realization ••it gives specific tasks for a more efficient executions of measures in the road safety field ••it ensures financial and other resources which are needed for the realization of the National Program ••it monitors the execution of the National Program.
18 INTER MINISTERIAL WORKING GROUP RESPONSIBLE FOR MONITORING AND EXECUTION OF THE NATIONAL Program
The Government of the Republic of Slovenia has created an individual experts, organization of civil society, enterprises, Interministerial Working Group (for professional execution of the Slovenian Insurance Association and self-governing local the Road Safety Program) in order to monitor and realize the communities. National Program. The members are experts from different The Slovenian Traffic Agency presides over the Interministerial bodies and organizations (which have the competence and Working Group responsible for monitoring and execution of tasks to monitor road safety), professional organizations and the National Program. Interministerial Working Group responsible for monitoring and execution of the National Program: ••prepares and discusses, when necessary, the interim reports which require additional sources for the realization of the planned measures ••monitors the execution of tasks of the National Program ••receives reports concerning the action programs ••adopts the action plan for two-year period by 2022 ••looks after the coordination of the program’s execution which requires a cooperation between the governmental agencies, other organizations, civil society, the Slovenian Insurance Association and experts ••supervises the realization of the operational programs for individual periods ••helps the local committees to coordinate the programs for solving problems which exceed the local government ••ensures the presentation and enforcement of the program
The Interministerial Working Group prepares each year a report On the basis of the report and the evaluation, the Working on the success of the National Program’s execution in order Group communicates the proposal to the Government of to achieve the coordination and to monitor the realization the Republic of Slovenia and for consideration to the National of the objectives of the National Program. The reports will Assembly of the Republic of Slovenia for the follow-up. represent the guidelines for future annual action plans. At the To ensure a road safety, self-governing local communities end of each calendar year, the Interministerial Working Group cooperate also. These have its own program (in conformity prepares a report for the current year (by 2022), which includes with the National Program), which includes the competences the evaluation of the National Program’s execution. and tasks concerning the road safety on its territory.
NATIONAL POLITICAL ASSEMBLY LEVEL
BOARD OF STRATEGIC DIRECTORS LEVEL
WORKING GROUP FOR MONITORING PROFESSIONAL AND EXECUTION LEVEL OF THE Program
PLANNERS AND EXECUTERS PREPARATORY- OF EXECUTIVE MEASURES LEVEL
19 ROAD SAFETY AREAS WITH ITS OBJECTIVES
ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
The road infrastructure represents an important element of 2008/96/EC the trans-European transport network (V and road safety which has progressed in Slovenia over the last X corridors) will be the first to have the road infrastructure years. The concern for safe technical solutions is one of the checked, other road networks will be next. The role of road important issues. The Directive 2008/96/EC of the European infrastructure will be clearly set within the transport safety Parliament and of the Council of 19 November 2008 on road system and the safe and transparent technical solutions will infrastructure safety management (OG, No. 19 November 2008, be ensured. We can also add that the road infrastructure area p. 59; hereinafter called: the Directive 2008/96/EC) introduced is focused towards the Vision Zero. i.e. to assure the transport new ways of road infrastructure safety management, the participants the infrastructure which isn’t a factor or a reason existing one and planned one. In the framework of Directive for a road accident.
The main objective::
TO ASSURE TO ALL ROAD TRAFFIC PARTICIPANTS A SAFE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
An improved and safer road infrastructure cannot diminish the individual’s responsibility for their actions. But it can and must forgive some of their mistakes.
Graph 11: The number of fatalities in road traffic in 2011 based on the road classification
It is very important that the municipalities are also involved in The road network is getting older from one year to the this program. Road safety on municipal roads is an important next and systematic road reconstruction is necessary. The generator of traffic accidents. That’s why the implementation objectives which are set by the National Program are ambitious of safety solutions on road infrastructure on local road network and oriented towards the provision of safe road infrastructure, is an important factor to our common objective: zero fatalities i.e. technical solutions which aren’t set to directly punish the and severely injured in road accidents. eventual mistakes of participants. A bigger emphasis will be The development of road infrastructure will, in the next on predictable and undemanding roads which mean the years, be based on the maintenance of roads, on the set up standardization of roads management in and outside of the of the effective informational system, the review of roads’ built-up areas taking in consideration the road safety elements safety quality and the introduction of systems for transport on its territory. management.
20 Target-oriented areas::
ANALYSIS AND BLACK SPOT MANAGEMENT Road accidents are the result of the combination of different data analysis on road accidents and location analysis. Black circumstances, namely individuals, vehicles, road and spots management on state road network is an important environment as the most common. On certain locations factor for the improvement of road safety. there is the misunderstanding of the interaction between the The purpose and objective is to collect data on the locations participant – road or the vehicle – road. This results in roads of accidents’ densification, namely on black spots on state with a high number of accidents. Sections and crossroads with roads which are the basis for further measures. Traffic safety a high ratio of road accidents on state road network are the analysis of black spots are elaborated from these measures locations with the above average number of road accidents and optimum arrangement, namely an immediate, short-term resulting in injuries during the three-year period in comparison and long-term measures for the elimination of black spots are to other similar roads sections. These are set on the basis of elaborated.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to decrease the number of black spots on state road network
• to identify and analyze the black spots on state road network • to establish the information system for black spot management • to modify the Police information system with GPS accident location data: road type, nature of the accident and of vehicle ACTIVITIES • to complete the report on the road accident location with additional data on the road and its characteristics and the nature of the impact • to mark the black spots with road signs • to monitor the number of road accidents among motor vehicles drivers • to monitor the number of fatalities and injured participants in road traffic .
• to diminish the number of accidents on black spots INDICATORS • to improve the data quality for traffic studies • to improve traffic safety
OPERATORS • DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia) • Ministry of the Interior
TO PROVIDE A SAFE PLANNING, CONSTRUCTION AND ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE INSPECTION
The EU Directive 2008/96/EC brings a lot of innovations. It environment which has the purpose to determine the mistakes, ensures a systematic check-up of road safety infrastructure imperfections or the presence of dangerous conditions which which is present in all stages of planning and operation of can lead to severe road accidents. The Republic of Slovenia road infrastructure and has its basis on the assessment of the will, as one of the suitable survey tools of existing road concept and project documentation. It also ensures the survey infrastructure, carry out the European project EuroRAP. of the existing road or the entire road section considering the
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to detect inadequate construction and traffic solutions in the road planning and use
• to carry out the road safety effects • to verify traffic safety ACTIVITIES • to verify road safety • to educate road safety auditors • to exchange good practice • to carry out the European project EuroRAP
INDICATORS • state road network black spot management • road infrastructure safety improvement
OPERATORS • DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia) • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
21 MANAGEMENT AND TRAFFIC CONTROL
In the phase of planning new sections, the expert directions On already constructed sections, the study for motorways and (EU Action Plan for the deployment of Intelligent Transport highways will be considered (Potentially dangerous sections Systems (ITS) in Europe, Brussels, April 4 2009; Proposal for a for establishment of control systems and traffic management Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on which was deployed in 2004 and implemented in 2010). A the framework for the Deployment of Intelligent Transport study for other state road (main and regional) hasn’t been Systems (ITS) in the field of road transport and for the deployed yet. The results of the study will be the basis for the interfaces with other modes of transport) which are consistent selection of sections and the priorities of its development. with new technical solutions (ITS) for the management and New technologies from the ITS field will have an experimental traffic control, will be considered. These lead to suitable deployment on the basis of the pilot project. The EU program management and traffic safety and improvement of the road Easyway will co-finance these technologies via non-refundable sections and crossroads capacities. funds.
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to improve road infrastructure capacity OBJECTIVES • to optimize travels • to respect traffic rules • to improve the communication to users with real time information • to upgrade the information system and traffic management • to set up the system control management and speed control ACTIVITIES • to set up the national center for traffic management • to introduce the Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) • to modernize the new road legislation • more effective traffic management INDICATORS • a bigger user satisfaction • a reduction of congestion and traffic accidents costs
OPERATORS • Ministry of infrastructure and spatial planning, DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Police, National radio
SAFETY IN TUNNELS Severe tunnel accidents abroad show that a high road safety evacuated and that the rescue teams are able to perform a safe in tunnels is very important. Safety tunnel systems must be rescue at the scene of the accident. Traffic control and traffic preventive and also curative in the case of eventual accidents. rules consideration is of high importance in the mentioned It must ensure that the participants are in time and safely underground facilities.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to improve traffic safety in tunnels • the construction of the second Karavanke tunnel ACTIVITIES • to harmonize the existing tunnel equipment with the Directive 2004/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 29 April 2004 on minimum safety requirements for tunnels in the trans-European road network (OG RS No. 167 of 30 April 2004, p. 39) INDICATORS • a higher safety for the tunnel users OPERATORS • DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), Administration for civil protection and disaster relief, Police
CARGO VEHICLE TRANSPORT MANAGEMENT AND DANGEROUS GOODS TRANSPORT The cargo vehicles transport and especially the dangerous The consequence will be the reduction of negative influences goods transport have a huge influence on fluid and safe traffic. which the traffic has on the road (carriageway damage, wheel It must be a priority that this kind of transport takes place tracks) and traffic (slow traffic and traffic jams). on roads with appropriate technical elements and parking The dangerous goods transport must be ensured under the surfaces. The inspection of these vehicles must be carried out conditions which are set by the roads managers, the drivers must and the road equipment must enable the gear in order to carry have a rest on safe parking spots. Areas, which represent a bigger out this kind of control. danger for other road users (tunnels) or environment (catchment With the control of axle load and total weight on the basis of areas), must have specifically controlled conditions for this kind of weighting in free traffic flow and with the use of fixed weighing transport. machine, a better respect of rules in force will be ensured.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to monitor and control cargo vehicles and dangerous goods vehicles • assure additional parking spaces (for cargo vehicles and dangerous goods vehicles) ACTIVITIES • to assure a spot for road traffic control • to set the corridors for special freight transport • to have a supervision over the special freight transport or dangerous goods transport • to have a bigger insight into cargo transport or dangerous goods transport INDICATORS • to have a bigger traffic safety due to the registration and control of cargo vehicles, namely the dangerous goods transport • to have a bigger cargo vehicles parking
OPERATORS • DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), Police, Customs Administration 22 of the Republic of Slovenia M UNICIPAL ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE
A big part of national traffic safety depends on the condition of roads driving surfaces. The municipal road operators and municipal roads. The new law on roads manages more closely maintainers must be informed with their duties and powers this field for the first time and binds the self-governing local and set an effective qualification system in order to improve communities to consider it. In the next years the transport the condition of traffic surfaces. To improve traffic safety, safety will improve with the continued management for the deficiencies of black spots on municipal roads must be pedestrians and cyclists, with continued management of eliminated. The appropriate informational system must be measures for traffic calming, with rearranging of unprotected introduced in order to determine the black spots on municipal level crossing and with improving the quality of municipal roads.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to improve the traffic safety on municipal roads
• to decrease the number of unprotected level crossings and to upgrade of the existing ones • to mark the appropriate traffic signalization of crossroads on municipal roads • to introduce a harmonized informational system in all communities which will include also the data on traffic signalization cadastre, on roadblocks, on administrative acts, on limited use, traffic accidents…This system will enable also a constant update and visualization concerning all these information. It must also be connected with the Police, with DRSC (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), with control center and with the regular maintenance ACTIVITIES operators. The system must also enable the municipal roads black spot management. • to introduce technical solutions for safe traffic • to have a higher level of quality of municipal roads management • to have a higher quality level of municipal roads maintenance with organization of the educational classes, recommendations and manuals on appropriate levels of the professional competence of operators and maintainers on municipal roads • to improve the quality of carriageways
• the reduction of the number of accidents and its consequences • the number of unprotected railway level crossings INDICATORS • the number of inadequately equipped crossroads on municipal roads • the number of communities which are included into the unified informational system • the length or the ratio of public municipal roads which have, in accordance with regulations, a regular maintenance • the length or a ratio of public municipal roads with damaged or inadequate carriageways
OPERATORS • Communities, Police, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Municipal and Intermunicipal Inspection services, DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning
ROAD WORK
The road work represents an important part of safety on and observation of traffic via roadblocks actually show the Slovenian roads. Although on one hand the exact data on problem of respecting the road traffic rules and the safety of traffic accidents isn’t available, on the other hand the control roadblocks operators.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to improve the traffic safety in the area of road work
• the data analysis on traffic safety in the area of road work • the legislation amendment concerning the road work area • the harmonization of the time frame between the contractors ACTIVITIES • to control the speed limit • to check the plan of roadblocks by the road safety auditors • to survey a roadblock due to road work or events • to improve the safety of work operators
• to reduce the number of traffic accidents in roadblocks INDICATORS • to reduce the users’ expenses to improve the traffic safety • to reduce the traffic jams and consecutively the greenhouse gases emissions
OPERATORS • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), Police, Transport, Energetics and Spatial Planning Inspectorate
THE ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY ASSURANCE
The road infrastructure planning and forming including its assure the traffic safety will be implemented within a reasonable environment is of key importance in order to achieve a long term extent and dynamics in accordance with financial possibilities. continual traffic safety. The principle of road infrastructure’s good The integration between the needs and the possibilities requires planning with the principles of applicability, homogeneity and the assurance of optimal and effective solutions. Its justification is predictability is the basis for a safe road transport considering all confirmed by the research concerning the influence of roads on traffic participants, especially vulnerable groups. The measures to accidents.
23 ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to carry out measures on road infrastructure in order to improve road safety
• to prevent driving in the opposite direction • to warn about the presence of motorcyclists and bikers • to set-up the protection equipment for motorcyclists • to clean the roads at the beginning of summer season • to reconstruct the roads and crossroads • to construct the bypasses • to regulate roads through built-up areas ACTIVITIES • to construct cycling infrastructure • to construct pedestrian infrastructure • to repair slippery sections • to assure the triangle transparency • to repair carriageway constructions • to upgrade the traffic signalization and road gear (impact absorbers and barriers, reflective film of a higher quality, road cursor, horizontal signalization, road markings) • to monitor the road safety in order to identify the role of road infrastructure as far as traffic accidents are concerned • to monitor the opposite direction driving on motorways and highways
• a better quality and equipment of road infrastructure • to decrease the user’s expenses in order to improve the road safety • to decrease the number of road accidents victims among motorcyclists • a higher road safety through built-up areas • to improve the road safety on crossroads (construction of additional lanes, reorganization and reconstruction) • a higher number of traffic lights crossings INDICATORS • a higher number of roundabouts • a higher number of traffic lights at pedestrian crossings • longer distance of repaired sliding sections • more kilometres of cyclists infrastructure • more kilometres of pedestrian infrastructure • more safety fences • more motorcycle safety fences • to diminish the opposite direction driving
OPERATORS • DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), communities
TO INFORM THE PUBLIC As far as media is concerned, the following activities to improve the road safety will be focused on: ••information on innovation in legislation connected with the road traffic rules and planned and applied measures which assure a better traffic safety which will be mediated to road users via short films, brochures and newspapers articles ••cooperation with government institutions and non-governmental organizations which operate on the road safety field ••dealing with the remarks and suggestions of road users.
The information on the activities and measures to improve of non-governmental organizations and societies which are the road safety will be regularly prepared with the media focused on the improvement of road safety. This will also cooperation. The drivers and other road participants must enable an appropriate promotion of the road users’ activities have the information on legislation innovation and also the in the field of road safety. foreseen and applied measures. So far, only the information When dealing with the relations with road users, an effective on strict criminal policy was available, while the drivers weren’t way of records of remarks and suggestions in relation to safe familiar with innovations in the field of traffic management traffic must be established. All suggestions must be checked and the introduction of technical innovations. Especially (also by inspecting the individual locations) and the proposer the television and radio must be included as they represent must be informed of professional estimation as far as taking a broad and effective information for drivers. There will be action is necessary. activities as part of the larger extent or concrete programs
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to inform the public on innovations and regulations on infrastructure • to warn about the most common offences and irregularities
ACTIVITIES • to prepare brochures, adds and movie spots • presence in media
INDICATORS • to inform the public more efficiently about the innovations on road infrastructure and applicable legislation
OPERATORS • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, DARS (Motorway Company in the Republic of Slovenia), DRSC (Slovenian Roads Agency), Police, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
24 VEHICLES
Vehicles represent an important element of transport safety forming these regulations within work groups in Brussels as and consecutively this field is constantly in progress. It is well as in Geneva. But we can only observe this development assured that the vehicles are safe to all traffic participants and and we cannot influence it much or accelerate it. We have a that the environmental impact is little. Slovenia constantly much bigger role in the field of vehicles in use, namely in the applies into its legal order the appropriate European field of roadworthiness of vehicles where we can contribute a regulations from the vehicles field and actively participates in bigger road safety with higher quality of activities. The main objective:
TO ASSURE SAFE VEHICLES IN ROAD TRAFFIC
The roadworthiness test of motor and trailer vehicles is on April 1st 2011 (Official Gazette No. 106/10) and was enforced regulated organizationally. But within its implementation there on July 1st 2011 began the control over the authorized are some deficiencies which can have a negative influence organizations for roadworthiness test of motor and trailer on road safety. This field must be developed and different vehicles and it also obtained a legal basis for the use of mobile measures must lift the professionalism and reliability. Transport units for roadworthiness test of vehicles which will contribute Inspectorate’s Law on motor vehicles which was introduced to safe vehicles on roads in road traffic. Target oriented fields:
PREPARATION OF APPROPRIATE WORK PROCEDURES The basic execution of activities of roadworthiness test represents the legislation which connects the economic activities, technical regulations, quality and metrology: ••Law on motor vehicles (Official Gazette of the Republic of Slovenia, No. 106/10), ••Law on technical requirements for products and on conformity assessment (OG RS, No. 17/11), ••Law on metrology (OG RS, No. 26/05 – official consolidated text), ••Law on standardization (OG RS, No. 59/99), ••Accreditation Act (OG RS, No. 59/99), ••Rules on the technical inspection of motor and trailer vehicles (OG RS, No. 88/05), ••Regulation on the roadworthiness of motor and trailer vehicles which are used for road transport (OG RS. No. 113/03), ••Resolution CEMT/CM(95)4 and Interbus Agreement: the international occasional carriage of passengers by coach and bus (OG RS, No 14/01).
The mentioned documents and its annexes already comprise considered as personal vehicles (first roadworthiness test after the descriptions of individual items for work and reasons for 4 years, then 2 times in 2 years and then each year). vehicles’ unsuitability which enables a harmonized evaluation of vehicle’s roadworthiness. The inspector or police officer can, on reasonable ground, as far as roadworthiness is concern, withdraw the vehicle from The deadlines for first roadworthiness tests which are summed traffic and direct it to additional roadworthiness tests to the up in Law on Road Traffic Safety (Official Gazette, No. 83/04) nearest workshop. The regulations on the roadworthiness were modified with annexes 1F (Official Gazette, No. 58/09) control of commercial vehicles which was issued on the basis and 1G (Official Gazette, No. 36/10). According to some of the Law on Motor Vehicles anticipates also the introduction individuals these don’t duly consider the conditions of use, of mobile units which would perform the measurements of the environmental impact of use and the aging of technical the residual performances, of the exhaust emissions and products and its parts. That is why a detailed analysis of errors, lighting equipment of the road vehicles. This also requires the which are determined at first roadworthiness tests, must be appropriate equipment and control gear and the support of made and, if necessary, also deadlines changes. the appropriate number of qualified personnel.
The Law on Motor Vehicles harmonizes the deadlines for At the moment, only some roadworthiness tests are defined in the roadworthiness tests for light-freight vehicles up to details. Others depend on the professionalism of the personnel. 3,500kg with the deadlines for other freight vehicles (first That’s why more detailed instructions must be elaborated in roadworthiness tests after one year and then each year). order to facilitate and harmonize the test which will contribute This changes the deficiencies that the freight vehicles are to the quality of roadworthiness tests and consecutively to safety and reliability of traffic vehicles.
25 ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to set up the appropriate work methods for the employed at the roadworthiness tests of motor and freight vehicles • to acquire the work handbooks from other EU members • to analyze the acquired material • to elaborate the regulation proposal on work process ACTIVITIES • to harmonize the contents with the professionals of the roadworthiness centers and with other professional public • to issue the Technical specifications on procedures of roadworthiness tests • to constantly adapt the procedures of roadworthiness tests with the results of the roadworthiness analysis and establishing the causal link between the road traffics accidents and technical state of vehicles INDICATORS • the published Technical specification on the procedures of roadworthiness tests
OPERATORS • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
M ODERNIZATION OF TRAINING PROCEDURE As far as work control experiences at the authorized services Modern technical solutions for comfortable, safer and easier for roadworthiness tests for motor and freight vehicles is driving with vehicles which have been designed lately will concerned, we establish that the knowledge of the employees reduce the effectiveness of the vehicle’s roadworthiness test is insufficient and they don’t follow the new auto industry if the new knowledge and gear won’t be included. Because of achievements (especially the electronics). The procedures of this progress, a change of legislation is being prepared in the the roadworthiness tests must follow the technical progress field of roadworthiness test on the European level which will of motor vehicles and its trailer vehicles. It requires the introduce new procedures and prescribe new equipment for modernization of the training procedures at roadworthiness testing the vehicles. tests (CNG and LPG gas powered vehicles, hybrid vehicles, The current contents of the training procedure within the electric vehicles, electronic gear of passive and active safety, roadworthiness test isn’t comprehensively and uniformly adapted vehicles for disabled persons…). Exchange of regulated and adapted to new requirements. The quality raise knowledge with European roadworthiness tests executers is must therefore be incorporated to the modernization of the requested. system, the extent and the contents, the method of execution and training check must be determined in detail.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • appropriate training procedures of employees on roadworthiness checks of motor and trailer vehicles • analysis of the current condition in the educational field ACTIVITIES • the review of training in other EU Member States • the modernization of the training procedure • the harmonization of the contents with the representatives of the roadworthiness checks and other professional public
INDICATORS • a modernization of procedures and training programs of employees within the roadworthiness checks of motor and trailer vehicles OPERATORS • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
THE SET UP OF THE APPROPRIATE EXPERT AND INSPECTION CONTROL The current control of roadworthiness control is insufficient all the systemic tasks of assessing the vehicle’s conformity, and that’s why the entire system must be reset and its its registration and roadworthiness tests at the Ministry of necessary efficiency must be enabled. Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, the criteria and new control Transport Inspectorate (Road Transport Inspection Service) rules must be established in order to execute the professional must extend its mandate, tasks and scope of work in the field and inspection control. of inspection control of the provisions observance of Law on The experiences show us that the number of individual motor vehicles in a whole. The Road Transport Inspection inspection controls is very different and depends on multiple Service has the power to carry out inspection control for the factors (public interest, more frequent violations, time frame vehicle manufacturers and its authorized manufacturers, for for establishing legal state of affairs, statistical data from dealers (only for the correct issue of documents), technical analysis of the yearly report, liable persons and the criteria services, professional organizations and registration unity when establishing the authorization…). That’s why the organizations. The establishment of the Slovenian Traffic Safety future inspection control must be adjusted to these factors. Agency and the fact that the Government decided to unite
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • appropriate professional and inspection control for the employees at roadworthiness tests for motor and trailer vehicles • analysis of the present situation of inspection control • review of the system review in other EU Member States ACTIVITIES • preparation of guidelines for professional and inspection control • reinforcement of the staff for inspection job • new technical gear (mobile units) • designed guidelines for professional and inspection control INDICATORS • reinforcement of the staff • purchased equipment
OPERATORS • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Transport, Energetics and Spatial Planning Inspectorate 26 THE ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS OF ROADWORTHINESS TESTS
The analysis of the deficiencies which are uncovered on traffic. For a faster establishment of the analysis system it is vehicles at roadworthiness tests hasn’t been realized until recommended to take into consideration the experiences of now. The data which enable this analysis already exist in MRVL other EU Member States. (Register of Vehicles and Vehicles Document), that’s why it is On the basis of the analysis, a difference between the number urgent to start with the analysis as it is possible only on the of inspected vehicles and the number of rejected vehicles due basis of the results to efficiently and professionally to take to defects was 1%. Over the year the proportion increased to measures for the improvement of the state of vehicles in 8% and 10%, while the average in other states is about 14%.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • constant analysis of the results of roadworthiness tests for motor and trailer vehicles • analysis of the present state of the results of roadworthiness tests ACTIVITIES • the review of the system’s analysis of the roadworthiness tests in other EU Member States • methodology preparation for the analysis of the results of the roadworthiness tests • constant result analysis of the roadworthiness tests INDICATORS • the set up a constant result analysis of the roadworthiness tests for motor and trailer vehicles OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
ASSESSMENT OF CAUSALITY BETWEEN THE ROAD ACCIDENTS AND TECHNICAL STATE OF VEHICLES
The causal relationship between the road accidents and as a rule. In the present system of accident investigation only activities related to technical state of vehicles isn’t determined causes of accidents are detected and investigated.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to establish the causality between the road accidents and all the vehicle related factors • analysis of the current state in the field of establishing the casualty between the road accidents and the factors of the vehicles’ technical state • the review of the system to establish the causality between the road accidents and technical state of vehicles in other ACTIVITIES EU Member States • preparation of guidelines to establish the causality between the road accidents and technical state of vehicles (Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency in collaboration with Police) • the analysis of the report to establish the causality between the road accidents and technical state of vehicles • actions on the basis of the results of the analysis • reports on causal relationship between the road accidents and technical state of vehicles INDICATORS • analyzed reports • suggested measures to improve the situation OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Police
27 TRAFFIC EDUCATION AND LIFELONG LEARNING
In Slovenia in the field of education there are some common from the pre-school, to elementary education and secondary guidelines that all citizens should obtain a quality general education. education and they should develop the skills for a lifelong learning. Scientific pluralism is ensured in education, the The traffic education and lifelong learning contribute to students must develop different ways of literacy and learn to the forming of appropriate views towards individual safety learn and to develop responsibilities for them and to function factors and appropriate traffic behavior. The condition to form in a society. appropriate point of views and a safe behavior is a repetitive The road traffic safety is an important part of each society restoring of knowledge skills for a safe cooperation in traffic. that’s why the traffic contents are included in the curriculum
The main objective:
TRAFFIC EDUCATION AND LEARNING IN ALL LIFE PERIODS
Traffic education and lifelong learning for safe traffic cooperation is constantly present in all life periods which significantly influence the organization, the contents and the type of work:
••first life period (pregnancy and first year of life) ••traffic education in pre-school period ••traffic education in primary school ••safety in the secondary education ••training for driving the motor vehicle ••life-long learning for a safe traffic cooperation
The road traffic safety is an important factor of the quality of living in it relates to each and everyone. The Municipal Councils for prevention and education in road traffic have preventive actions within self-governing local communities. That’s why the priority of their further development by 2021 is presented in the following points:
••preservation and upgrading of the existing preventive quality programs ••adaptation of the organizational legal status of the Municipal Councils for prevention and education in road traffic according to their tasks and functions ••Municipal Councils will become the reflection of the quantity and quality of the work of public authorities and organizations in the field of road traffic ••organization of the qualification and education with the help of national and foreign experts ••help of the Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency with professional opinions on local traffic safety issues ••collective traffic safety monitoring on the local level ••purchase and use of preventive demonstrational devices ••a higher media promotion of traffic contents ••preparation of the education strategy - the inclusion of the traffic contents into the school system and adult education ••realization of activities to protect the most vulnerable group of participants in road traffic (elderly, young, pedestrians, motorcyclists) ••preparation of the marginal plans on the local level
28 FIRST LIFE PERIOD Children between the ages of 1 to 5 are the most vulnerable traffic participants (as passengers or pedestrians). Parents and educational welfare institutes are the main carriers of traffic education to assure safe traffic participation.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured children in the first life period • contents of safe driving for children and pregnant women in School for Parents • realization of the program First Drive – safe driving in all Maternity Hospitals ACTIVITIES • realization of the program to promote health and health education for parents within the preventive medical examination • the results of the monitoring of appropriately secured children in vehicles • number of School for Parents which carry out the program for safe driving for children INDICATORS • the number of Maternity Hospitals which carry out the action First Drive – safe drive • realization of the program of health promotion and education for the health of parents within the preventive medical examination OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, School for parents, performers of medical examination for children
PRE-SCHOOL PERIOD Slovenian pre-school basic principles and objectives are In pre-schools, the adults offer children the possibility to learn written in the curriculum (which represents the professional about different traffic situations, planning and following the basis for the education and training). It also represents the traffic safety plan in the surroundings of pre-school. Parents recognition that a child comprehends and understands the are included in different activities (cycling, roller skating, world as a whole, that a child develops and learns in the walking) as part of traffic safety. They enable a child and active connection with their social and physical environment encourage them to observe at first and then they lead them and that a child is in the interaction with others in pre-school and encourage them to create situations in which they can and consequently develops its own social relationships and recognize a problem and solve it on their own. They respect a individuality. The pre-school curriculum includes also six child’s way of thinking and work methods and encourage them areas of activities (exercise, language, nature, society, art and to become familiar with the direct traffic (still accompanied mathematics) with defined global objectives, examples of with an adult) and to describe their experiences. activities and the role of adults. The multi-domain activities, such as traffic education, moral education, health care and Global objectives are connected with contents from the traffic other are intertwined through all areas and are a part of the education: children are acquainted with safe behavior and curriculum contents which reflect the way of life and work in learn to live and act safely in different environments: at home, pre-school. in traffic, in pre-school, in free time, when playing, at sport, in galleries, at gatherings, parties…A child comprehends his body, The traffic education is realized through play, a child is the life cycle, the safe and healthy way of life, the recognition introduced to a safe behavior and learns to live and act safely of technical subjects and technology. He discovers different in different environments: at home, in traffic, in pre-school, movements related to duration and speed. A child discovers at play, at sport. A child gets to know the traffic means and what movement causes and what keeps the movement; he different facilities near pre-school such as shops, libraries, discovers the movement of bodies through air and on land. galleries, police station, fire station and consecutively gains When describing traffic experiences, a child uses the words: different experiences about the world. A child gets to know crossing, zebra crossing, sidewalk, road signs, traffic light, traffic different professions and social functions; a policeman teaches means, passenger…A child learns to comprehend the world him about proper traffic behavior and safety (how to react as a whole and to develop social and individual responsibility. when at danger and accidents), traffic safety (road crossing, identification of dangerous traffic situations, following the Children between the ages of 1 to 5 are endangered in traffic as traffic rules, avoiding road accidents…). Children take the walk passengers and pedestrians. Parents, educational and welfare where they observe the sidewalk, the road and crossroads institutions are the key holders for the safe traffic education. (they see the drivers wearing the seatbelt). They get to know different ways of travel and they discuss the safety and behavior of different transport means (train, ship, plane…).
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured children between the ages of 1 to 5
• introduction of the health concept in the school curriculum (safety contents) • EUCHIRES (European public awareness campaign on the use of seat belts and child restraints systems) ACTIVITIES • implementation of measures to ensure safe roads • preparation of additional material, campaigns and programs of other partners (Council for the prevention and road safety education, Police, Civil Society Organizations, health care of children)
INDICATORS • the results of survey on child’s safety while driving • implementation of programs for health promotion and education for health for parents and children
OPERATORS • Pre-schools, Educational and welfare institutions, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Council for the prevention and road safety education
29 PRI MARY SCHOOL PERIOD
Traffic education, as cross-curricular area, requires (due to its cycling test and to drive on the skills and traffic polygon. They nature) interdisciplinary access and active work methods, develop the skills for the theoretical knowledge and practical namely such which would lead to a safe behavior and respect drive in order to pass the cycling exam. They are actively and consideration for other people. It’s about knowledge involved in different campaigns in the field of traffic education and viewpoints especially for encouraging safe behavior. in school and outside of it. They get to know the role of the Interdisciplinary access requires cross-curricular adjustment policeman and with the meaning of cycling for health. and educational adjustment of factors for pupil’s social environment (parents, teachers, police and others). Traffic In the third educational period pupils get to know the basics education must be realized in real-life traffic situations (beside of device and motor functioning in traffic, they get to know the the education in traffic and safe integration especially in first physical emergence of force, they calculate the frictional force three grades of primary school). Only this method enables with examples from traffic, and they develop the sensibility an effective training with the demands of the modern traffic. for environmental issues, for other people’s distress and for Traffic education has its own specific objectives and contents social cases. They learn to imagine more possibilities for the which integrate uniformly in different subjects in primary development in certain areas, to consider its consequences school. It’s the way to achieve a greater integrity, connection and related values. They get to know the working of an internal and uniformity of curriculum. When assuring a greater safety combustion engine, force transmission, breaks, electric devices, for children, we must take into consideration different age safe driving with motorcycle, traffic rules, mirror and rear view, periods which define individual measures. Traffic education, as space orientation with the help of mirror. They are acquainted a long-term measure, enables children to safely learn the basic with speed and its measurement, the role of speed, the forces relations and behavior patterns which are needed for a safe when driving in bend, the acceleration, the kinetic energy, integration in road traffic as pedestrians, cyclists and drivers of the braking, the reaction time, the breaking distance and motorcycles. ecology. They get to know the protection and the gear for the motorcycle, the helmet as the obligatory gear, driving other In the first educational period pupils get to know and persons, safe integration in traffic and rules for safe and correct observe road signs which mark the school way, the rules of overtaking, driving in roundabouts, turning left and right. They behavior in traffic and safe walking, the meaning of being get to know the technique of gear change, the working of visible by wearing the yellow scarf for high visibility and clutch and the mechanical and hydraulic transmission. They reflective bands. They are acquainted with different ways get to know different traffic conditions, weather conditions of behavior as a passenger in different means of transport, and influence of medicine, alcohol and drugs which have a they learn to enter the traffic on safe school ways, they get negative influence on a person. They form a critical relation to know the orientation in the traffic area (left, right), they are to ecology and spatial preservation (noise, air pollution, spatial acquainted with a safe walk on sidewalks and on roads where degradation). there isn’t one, with walking on dangerous road edges and road crossing. The pupil gets to know the school’s traffic safety With traffic education, we want to achieve the following: plan. safe behavior in traffic as pedestrian, cyclist, car passenger; the consideration and respect of other road participants, In the second educational period pupils justify the meaning to form and to preserve a safe behavior in traffic with pupils of traffic safety, the code of ethics in traffic, they develop the and to achieve moral standards which are important for concern and responsibility for their own safety and for other a safe traffic. The general education of an individual, who traffic participants. They develop the skills to observe the traffic knows how to harmonize the knowledge of communication and to get to know the different kinds of traffic. They acquaint in mother tongue, movement, in the field of natural science, themselves with theoretical knowledge in order to pass the mathematics, technical science, social and humanistic science.
30 FIRST TRIMESTER (6-8 YEARS)
The period of primary school represents from the child’s subjects. The integration of content in different educational development skills a safe cooperation in traffic and subjects requires an operator – a responsible person who endangerment. Children aged 6 to 15 years are endangered monitors and encourages the execution and achieves in traffic as passengers and pedestrians. With each year they objectives. The main principles of traffic education are forming appear in traffic as cyclists and drivers of other vehicles which and maintaining a safe traffic behavior as far as pupils and they shouldn’t be driving. The operators of traffic education students are concerned and achieving moral standards which are the parents and schools with the cooperation of Slovenia are important for a safe traffic. Traffic Safety Agency, the police, the Council for the prevention and road safety education and organizations of civil society. Pupils participate in traffic as passengers and pedestrians and The content of the traffic education contributes special therefore the content of traffic education is focused especially knowledge, understanding of traffic and is oriented to practical on knowledge and skills which a child must master in order activities, especially with young children. It develops the skills to safely participate in traffic as a pedestrian, passenger in a for an independent decision in traffic, it encourages tolerance personal car or in a vehicles of public transport. They must be and the consideration of other traffic participants. also prepared for independent cycling.
The traffic education is a cross-curricular area. The field has set goals and content which are included in different educational
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured children between the ages of 6 to 8
• review in update of traffic education contents in the first three grades of primary school • EUCHIRES (European public awareness campaign on the use of seat belts and child restraints systems)
ACTIVITIES • implementation of measures to ensure safe roads • transport of children who do not have the assured safe school route • preparation of additional material, campaigns and programs of other partners (Council for the prevention and road safety education, Police, Civil Society Organizations, health care of children) • the results of survey on child’s safety while driving • number of schools which have a regulated system of monitoring safe school ways INDICATORS • number of schools and number of pupils in class which are included in EUCHIRES (European public awareness campaign on the use of seat belts and child restraints systems) • number of schools which carry out the program ‘Traffic Badge’ • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Primary Schools, NGO, Council for the OPERATORS prevention and road safety education
SECOND TRIMESTER (9-11 YEARS) The traffic education for this age group is focused especially on the preparation and execution of the program for the qualification of pupils to ride a bike.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured children between the ages of 9 to 11
• introduction of the health concept in the school curriculum (security contents) • implementation of traffic education as a preparation for the cycling test • review in update of content of traffic education in the second trimester of primary school ACTIVITIES • EUCHIRES (European public awareness campaign on the use of seat belts and child restraints systems) • transport of children who do not have the assured safe school way • preparation of additional material, campaigns and programs of other partners (Council for the prevention and road safety education, Police, Civil Society Organizations, health care of children) • the results of survey considering child’s safety while driving • number of schools and number of pupils in class which are included in EUCHIRES (European public awareness campaign INDICATORS on the use of seat belts and child restraints systems) • number of schools which successfully carry out the program of qualification for riding a bike • number of pupils in class who successfully complete the program • the implementation of the program which promote health and health education for children
OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Primary Schools, NGO, Council for the prevention and road safety education
31 THIRD TRIMESTER (12-14 YEARS)
Children in this period are involved in traffic in all roles. They age. During this period, they should focus on restoring their are pedestrians, passengers, cyclists and often also drivers knowledge and safe behavior and to achieve the moral of vehicles which they shouldn’t operate considering their standards which are important for a safe participation in traffic.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured children between the ages of 12 to 14
• implementation of traffic education which is integrated in different subjects • implementation of ‘activity days’ with traffic contents • introduction of selected topics of traffic education, including first aid ACTIVITIES • competitions, research papers and projects from the traffic safety field • preparation of additional material, campaigns and programs of other partners (Council for the prevention and road safety education, Police, Civil Society Organizations, health care of children) • to study the possibilities of implementing the elective subject Traffic education • number of schools which carry out successfully the activity days • number of pupils in class who are included in elective subject from the traffic safety field INDICATORS • number of pupils in class who are included in research projects, competitions and traffic safety project work • implementation of programs to promote health care for children • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Primary Schools, NGO, Council for the OPERATORS prevention and road safety education
32 SECONDARY EDUCATION PERIOD (15-18 YEARS) AND YOUNG DRIVERS (18-24 YEARS) Public schools and School for drivers must assure that the young people acquire new knowledge and skills and that they have an influence on the viewpoint change and the attitude towards the weaker participants in traffic, the alcohol, the speed, the safety belt and other important factors of safety. Young drivers and especially the beginners are the most common causers of traffic accidents and together with passengers in personal vehicles also the most frequent victims. There are various reasons why the young people are more frequently involved in accidents.
The most important are: ••lack of experiences ••influence of other young passengers ••searching their own paths and proving their abilities and skills ••rebellion (they don’t follow the norms and rules) ••way of life (going to parties at night, driving to parties) ••a weaker economic situation (old car and consecutively more dangerous one from the safety point of view). Students can explain a traffic safety, a development of traffic (the development of infrastructure, the dissemination of urban communication means, they can predict the dangers in areas, air and water pollution due to traffic and wastes) and traffic and get to know the basic physical terms (way, speed, they also count traffic in school surroundings and prepare a acceleration, friction, collision), they can evaluate the traffic report with the suggestions for improvement of the present for health and environmental care, they learn traffic rules in state. foreign languages and the meaning of road signs, they learn about traffic safety, traffic psychology, ethics in traffic and They analyze the traffic structure of different cities and the management of different vehicles. They learn to write plan changes, they discover the forms of the present traffic traffic information and about orientation in traffic area in regulation, they analyze the transport situation, they search foreign languages, in which they consider the instructions the alternative solutions for the improvement of traffic and interdictions (the use of public transport means, the arrangement in cities around the world and they present the development of personal responsibility and correct actions as analysis of traffic and the suggestion of changes in their town. traffic participants). They explain the development of traffic in They get to know the contents: stationary traffic, motorized communication means, they asses the meaning of traffic and transport, public transport, bicycle traffic, pedestrian zone communication means for a larger connection of the world and alternative solutions of public transport (greenhouse and they foresee the dangers in traffic. They asses the traffic gas emissions – global warming). They discover the history of position of Slovenia in Europe, they discover the transport everyday life: transport, roads, travelers and they get to know network of Slovenia on traffic map (roads, railways, airports and the history of traffic (transport connections and trading). They ports), they asses its meaning for individual areas in Slovenia analyze the influence of inventions on the development of and value the meaning of traffic for the growth of economy, different kinds of transport and within the optional contents they value the menace to the environment due to road traffic they discover the knowledge of traffic regulations. Graph 12: The number of young victims between the ages of 15 and 30 per million inhabitants and the number of all victims per million inhabitants in 2010 (2009)
The number of victims within the risk group of the young between the ages of 15 and 30 is somewhat under average of EU states but far above the average of the number of victims in the Netherlands and Sweden – data for 2009.
33 ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • zero fatalities and severely injured young people from the age of 18 to 24
• to include the contents of traffic safety in different subjects, having the emphasis on alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances • to include the contents of traffic safety within the contents which the schools include concerning the needs of the local environment ACTIVITIES • to promote the driving with accompanying person • to monitor and to modernize the programs in driving schools • to realize the workshops, programs and actions which are obligatory contents in schools and carried out via other partners with the emphasis on alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances (Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Council for the prevention and road safety education, Police, Civil Society Organizations, health care of children) • to realize the implementation of programs for drivers beginners and its modernization • the number of schools which successfully realize the program of obligatory subjects in the field of traffic safety • the number of students in a class who are involved in workshops and other programs in the field of traffic safety INDICATORS • number of students in a class who are involved in research projects, competition, project work in the traffic field • a ratio of young people included in the program of driving with an accompanying person
OPERATORS • Primary and middle schools, specialized schools and general upper secondary schools in Slovenia, Driving Schools, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, NGO
LIFELONG LEARNING FOR A SAFE COOPERATION IN TRANSPORT A dynamic development of transport means, rules and it is urgent to have a lifelong learning and to maintain driving nevertheless new infrastructural measures (roundabouts) skills. For a driver, especially a person over 70, it is important to demand a constant additional knowledge, skills and a manner take care of their health and maintain driving skills in order to of cooperation in transport. For a safe cooperation in transport drive at least 4,000 km per year.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • the presence of traffic education and learning in all life periods
• implementation of the program of safe driving practice for motorcycle drivers • implementation of preventive campaigns (lectures and driving in traffic) for drivers who already have the driving license over 10 years ACTIVITIES • to include the contents of traffic safety in the program for the University of the Third Age • to form the ‘refresh’ programs and workshops for elderly drivers • to monitor the execution of rehabilitation program as the additional training for safe driving
• the number of programs and workshops for drivers who have the driving license for a longer period INDICATORS • the success of rehabilitation programs and additional training for safe driving considering the number of recidivists
OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
34 HEALTH CARE FOR INJURED
The health care for injured people in traffic is complex and shortly. This medical care is intended for injured people who multidisciplinary because it includes technical and health need the medical care right away, namely urgent interventions aspects of rescue and the coordination of the whole process. to save threatened lives or to improve the quality of survival. The rescue on the spot of the accident and medical care Nevertheless, the measures can start with preventive activities during the transport of the injured people carry out the which are focused towards a targeted education of all teams for urgent medical care. The urgent medical care participants in traffic and rescue. represents the execution of doctor’s urgent measures and the team on a person whose life is, due to disease or injury, directly threatened, or where a serious injury could occur very
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to improve the quality of health care of injured people in traffic
• to introduce the targeted education in first aid classes (access and offering first aid to injured people) – reevaluation and modernization of existing programs • education in accordance with the newest professional guidelines for professional groups which cooperate with rescue (police, firemen, divers, technical jobs) • the execution of coordinated plans for the effective functioning of different jobs in field – especially for assuring a safe ACTIVITIES access to the accident site and offering first aid • education in accordance with the newest professional guidelines for the medical team according to the principle of ITLS and ATLS course • to assure a proper technical and medicine gear for teams who cooperate at rescue (immobilization material, monitoring, portable ultrasound) • a suitable helicopter air to assure the urgent medical care for the entire Slovenia
• the number of participants in first aid classes who also passed the education for urgent aid of injured people and the results of the knowledge check • the number of participants at education of professional groups and the results of knowledge check INDICATORS • coordination meetings, plan execution, reevaluation meetings of jobs after events • the number of ITLS and ATLS participants and the results • the number of teams to modernize and upgrade the gear and qualitative review of upgrading • the number and analysis of interventions with helicopters in Slovenia
• Ministry of Health, Ministry of Defence, Red Cross of Slovenia, Slovenian Society for Emergency Medicine, DARS OPERATORS (Motorway Company in Slovenia), Medical Institutions, Fire Institutions, Rescue Mountain Service, Police, Slovenian Army, Administration for Civil Protection and Disaster Relief
35 CONTROL
The control represents an important part of effort for a (traffic, criminal, foreign issues). The inspection, the municipal better traffic safety and consecutively also mobility. When wardens, army, customs and all subjects which can directly or all mechanisms fail, a force occurs which is realized through indirectly influence the traffic safety, will carry out the control. control. In the following years, the technical means will A more effective coordination between these subjects will be increase the control as this is the way to assure a constant required. The development of the control will continue within and effective control. The emphasis will be on the increased the self-governing local communities where the municipal visibility of inspectors and greater expectations of participants police will have an important part. It will be important to in road traffic to be controlled if they don’t follow the rules. The extend and change the control on motorways and highways control won’t be focused only on traffic but also more globally where the majority of traffic takes place.
The main objective:
TO ASSURE AN EFFECTIVE TRAFFIC CONTROL ON SLOVENIAN ROADS
The fact that the control over the traffic flows isn’t realized only fact will also increase the expectancy of control at any given by Police, will contribute to an effective and more systematic moment. It is very important that communities take a great control not only on roads but also in the fields which have a share of responsibility on local level. direct influence on the state of participants in road traffic. This
Target oriented fields:
TO INCREASE THE EXTENT OF POLICE CONTROL The future of police control is undoubtedly connected to a road traffic is in many cases outside the narrow group of road better education and qualifications of policemen. It is expected users and vehicles, namely participants in road traffic, which that the increase and improvement of knowledge and the requires new and innovative approaches of the police. The understanding of new technologies are of key importance maintenance and improvement of the safety will have to for a successful police work in the future. We can establish include an attentive observation and analyzing of police units. more often that the reasons for a ‘dangerous’ behavior in
In the following years, we can highlight the expectations related to: ••technological development of supervision equipment (section speed control, suitability of test for establishing psychophysical condition, gear for the control of the accident scene site, systems for establishing the appropriate safety distance…) ••new methods, tactics and techniques of traffic police functioning (adjustment to the requirements of the form and manner of work, to the safety estimation and to knowledge…) ••specialization inside the traffic police (road traffic control, accidents’ investigators, highway control, road criminal…) Introduction of good and tested practices of foreign police development of these kinds of activities abroad. International represents a step forward at assuring road safety of Slovenian cooperation of several agencies has to be realized in order to road traffic participants. The change and the observation of be successful (harmonization of standards, data exchange, fine methodology, tactics and techniques of work will follow the recovery…).
36 ACTIONS MEASURES
• to assure an effective traffic control on motorways • to increase the visibility of police control OBJECTIVES • to assure the multidisciplinary control of road traffic • to assure the effective control over repeat traffic offenders of traffic regulations
• to add additional staff to the unit for motorway control (modification to the Act on the systematization) • to assure the work space for the unit which will control the traffic on motorways • to set up a system of speed section control on motorways • to equip the policemen with technical means (speed meters, devices to estimate a short driving distance, measurement devices, speedometer on the basis of tracking, the systems to monitor the allowed driving time for the drivers of freight transport) – the equipment is assured together with the roads operators • to assure space on motorways for an effective road traffic control (including the technical means for control in the free traffic flow) • work in the state center for traffic control and traffic management • to have a stricter police control on the basis of methodology which assure a greater visibility and impact of police work • traffic control with marked police vehicles • to increase the presence of police on road network at the expense of reduction of their presence at the headquarters (introduction of mobile office) ACTIVITIES • to assure a greater visibility of police vehicles for traffic control in order to change the color combination • to assure a consistent and appropriate control site assurance with appropriate signalization • to assure visible parts of uniforms for policemen (reflectiveness, color) who control traffic • public awareness • organization of common activities with other subjects, which have a direct or indirect influence on road traffic safety (Inspection Service, customs, toll supervisors, municipal warden) • a complex control approach in all fields of police work (criminal, illegal migration, Law and Order, traffic) • influence on other subjects who can attribute to a greater safety (self-governing local communities, operators and maintainers of road traffic infrastructure) • the merge of records of all minor offence authorities who consider road traffic regulations and consecutively a change of legislation • seize of vehicles of offenders of repeat traffic offenders • consistent suggestions for controlled health check
• additional staff • to assure equipment for traffic control • the situation of safety on motorways • the number of control days of freight vehicle transport • to set a control state center and traffic management • the number of realized control within the methodology PROMIL of the Ministry of Defense • press conferences INDICATORS • the purchase of reflective bands for the policemen uniforms • project realization ‘Mobile Office’ • to mark the police vehicles for traffic control with visible colors • the number of common controls • the safety situation on road traffic connections • the number of given suggestions for the improvement of situation • the number of seized vehicles • suggested health checks
• Police, Ministry of Interior, DARS (Motorway Company), Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Customs, OPERATORS Municipal wardens, Inspection Service, Ministry of Economic, Development and Technology – Metrology Institute
37 SUPERVISION IN THE LOCAL COMMUNITY
The enforcement of local self-government, the transfer of communities, to assure the realization of the tasks of municipal the management of local roads on municipal administration wardens on its territory, would help. For a professional, effective and the existence of local issues connected to traffic order and successful realization of these tasks, it is necessary to set and safety, a need for an effective control over the use of up quality programs of training, education and cooperation of roads and a safe traffic in local environments, has occurred. municipal wardens in collective and harmonized supervision The development of the local self-government, the adoption on the state level with the cooperation of state bodies. of legislation in the field of municipal wardens and the Effective and professional management and decision making enforcement of legislation in the field of road traffic and roads, in offence procedures (municipal warden as offence body) gave the self-governing local communities a possibility to set will be an essential factor which will have an influence on the up their own supervision bodies (municipal inspection and success and reputation of the municipal warden as supervisory municipal wardens). authority. The municipal warden would, with these objectives, become an important supervisory authority in the field of The duties of the municipal warden include the traffic control traffic safety in local environment and at the same time a in urban areas and municipal roads outside of it. To increase the partner to the state bodies (police) at assuring objectives in traffic safety, a fulfilled legal obligation of all self-governing local the field of state traffic safety.
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to contribute to the attainability of local and national traffic safety objectives with the target-oriented and preventive/repressive balanced actions in the field of road safety • to assure the implementation of duties of municipal wardens in the entire state OBJECTIVES • the set up of quality programs of training and road traffic control • a quality cooperation in preparation and realization of common and harmonized road traffic supervision with state supervision authorities • a professional, effective and quick execution of offence procedure at realized offences
• to form a vision and mission of the functioning of the municipal warden in local and national traffic safety system • to update the municipal safety programs in the chapter ‘To assure the road safety traffic’ • to modernize the tactics and methods of the work of municipal wardens and also the education and training program in the field of road traffic safety • to modernize the technology of inspection control of the participants of road traffic • to assure the membership of the representatives of the municipal warden in the municipal Council for road traffic safety • to assure the realization of tasks of the municipal warden in the entire state ACTIVITIES • the ranking of quality programs of the road traffic inspection within the regular and periodical training of municipal wardens • cooperation in the preparation and execution of common and harmonized road traffic supervision (speed, safety belt, safety helmet, safety of pedestrians, red light) with state authorities (Police) • to assure control in connection to the compliance with the request to realize the tasks of municipal warden in all self-governing local communities • to assure a qualified staff to manage and decide on offences, to assure an appropriate informational support for procedures management and to enable the data and evidence availability which are needed for the effective execution of offence procedures
• to fulfill the requests of the self-governing local authorities • the program of regular and periodical training of municipal wardens, realized by the Police Academy • municipal safety programs, annual work plan and reports on the municipal wardens’ work INDICATORS • statistical data on the number of identified offences, on the number of final completed procedure and on the data on the enforced sanctions and data on the duration of procedures • new technical means to control traffic for the road traffic safety situation within communities OPERATORS • self-governing local communities, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Justice, Police
TO ASSURE AN EFFECTIVE SUPERVISION OF TOLL INCLUDING THE SUPERVISION OVER THE FREIGHT VEHICLES IN WINTER CONDITIONS DARS (Motorway Company) will be co-responsible also for Considering the new toll mode, the control over the toll the safety of road traffic on motorways. In the wintertime, payment will have to change. From the present statistical DARS will, on certain sections, place road signalization to mark control mode on toll stations and rest areas, the control will be winter conditions and to ban or limit the freight traffic on realized with the mobile unit on the toll roads. The consultative certain sections on the motorways. Authorized officials of toll and directive role of the Operational Center of toll control will supervision will, on appropriate sections, control and penalize be increased. The company cars will be equipped with devices the drivers of freight vehicles who will not follow the road to discover the offenders. For the drivers offenders for freight signalization. This will be the way to assure a greater mobility transport above 3,500 kg MPW, cameras will be placed on the and traffic safety on toll roads. company’s cars in order to have a pictorial documentation of The present manner of toll in the closed and open toll system offences. will change the toll system in the free traffic flow, which began its realization in the middle of 2012 for freight transport above 3,500 kg MPW.
38 ACTIONS MEASURES
• authorized official persons of toll control will control on appropriate places and penalize drivers offenders of freight vehicles who will not consider the traffic signalization which mark the winter conditions due to which the traffic is prohibited or restricted on certain sections of toll roads; consecutively, a greater mobility and road safety on toll roads in the winter period will be assured OBJECTIVES • to assure an effective control over the toll payment with appropriate technical means, tactics and work methods • to immediately inform Police about serious offences (driving under influence, speeding, opposite direction driving) • to suggest legislation change to secure a greater safety for supervision in order that the operator of toll roads will be able to shift the traffic past the control points
• to place traffic signalization during winter and winter conditions on certain sections (because the traffic of freight vehicles is restricted or prohibited on certain sections of toll roads) • assure appropriate technical control means of toll payment for toll control company’s cars within the transition of toll in free traffic flow • to assure an appropriate work place for offence authorities of DARS ACTIVITIES • to add additional staff (due to the frequency of offences) of offence supervisors in Regional center and Operative center of toll control • to assure on all sections of road tolls control points with the possibility to eliminate certain vehicles of the toll liable party • to assure an effective control over the toll payment with appropriate technical means, tactics and work methods
• traffic density of the toll liable party on toll roads INDICATORS • the number of offences on toll roads • the situation of traffic safety in winter conditions OPERATORS • DARS
TO ASSURE AN EFFECTIVE inspection control A need for free time activities is increasing parallel to the of attention to the illicit sale of alcohol beverages and yearly development of society. Driving with vehicles in the natural realizes at least 5 control actions which are timely determined environment – SUV, motocross, four-wheel motorcycle, within the periods when the young and the intoxicated are snowmobile – represents (beside the increased environmental most likely to illegally buy alcohol beverages. The number of impact and damage) also conflict situations between different determined offences is relatively small in comparison to the spatial users and consecutively a greater danger of injuries. number of inspections; nevertheless the action of drinking Forestry and agricultural inspection have the obligation to trend is visibly increasing with more and more young people carry out the control concerning the vehicles which drive (which is the most worrying part). Intoxication has a negative in the natural environment. Inspectors cover a wide area of influence on the traffic safety as the driving under the influence control in order to carry out the effective supervision during of alcohol has, in the case of road accident, in most cases tragic afternoons, on week-ends and in the case of snowmobiles consequences. also at night. This kind of supervision is very effective with the cooperation of Police, as is also shown in practice. Customs officials are authorized to carry out inspections in Slovenia if the domestic freight drivers, the drivers of The Law on limiting the use of alcohol (OG RS, No. 15/03) Community and foreign drivers have Charters which are determines the measures and the manners of limiting the use determine in the Law on road traffic (OG RS, No. 131/06, 5/07 of alcohol and the measures for the prevention of harmful corr., 123/08, 28/10, 49/11, 40/12 and 57/12) in the regulation of consequences of the alcohol use. Trade inspection gives a lot Communities and international agreements. This means that the Customs has the authorization to check whether the domestic or Community divers have: ••a valid license, a Community license or Community license of the carrier for which the driver works for ••a valid driver qualification card (if the qualifications aren’t visible on the Community code on the driver’s license; Article 42) ••certificate from the Article 34 of this Law if a driver performs an international own-account transport of persons with a vehicle which has more than eight seats beside the driver ••a written agreement on the lease or leasing of the vehicle (or any kind of other agreement), on the basis of which a driver has the right to use the vehicle if the carrier isn’t the owner of the vehicle ••if a vehicle is driven by a non-resident driver of one of the Community members, he must obtain a certification which is in accordance with the Council Regulation (EEC) No. 3118/93 of 25 October 1993 laying down the conditions under which non- resident carriers may operate national road haulage services within Member State where the carrier is entitled in the Member State of establishment shall be permitted to carry out cabotage operations of the same kind ••all permissions for international haulage if Community regulations, international agreements or laws which are valid in Slovenia, require it.
39 ACTIONS MEASURES
• to connect the control over the limited use of alcohol in stores and over the operating time of cafes • to assure a higher rate of provisions’ consideration of the Law on the restricted use of alcohol • to limit the use of alcohol beverages at work • a higher safety rate of limiting the availability of alcohol to young and the drivers of motor vehicles • an effective control over the animal transport OBJECTIVES • to assure strict consideration of articles of the Law on work hours and mandatory rest periods of mobile workers and on the recording equipment in haulage service • to assure a strict consideration of average weakly work hours, rest and night work • to assure a consistent realization of duties of employers on the informing and record keeping • to assure a strict control over the haulage and passengers service on motorways • to assure control over the driving in natural environment, on forest paths, in fields and hiking trails
• to carry out at least five stricter controls over the sell of alcohol in stores in one year • to protect the young from the harmful use of alcohol • to carry out preventive work by informing the public and dealers on controlled actions • to strictly punish offenders with fines • to respect legal provisions by dealers • to cooperate with preventive campaigns of the Ministry of Health • to coordinately (with Police) implement strict controls over the law on cafes • to consistently give fines for offenders • to assure as much evidence as possible throughout the procedure which will enable a faster termination of the procedure • to check psychosocial abilities of freight vehicles drivers and buses • to check the roadworthiness of vehicles • to check the appropriate load of vehicles and to stow cargo on the vehicle • to safely stop on motorways and highways (vehicles which have light markings) • to assure inspection control over the Law on the restricted use of alcohol • to assure respect on the ban on the sale and offer of alcohol beverage in cafes for the young under 18 years of age • to assure respect on the ban on the sale of spirit drinks in cafes from the beginning of work hours until 10am ACTIVITIES • to solve a long-term space for the mobile unit of the Veterinary Administration • to assure areas on roads for an effective road traffic control • to assure resting areas (which are currently insufficient) on motorways for freight vehicles drivers • to control appropriate transport means for animal transport for their well being • to assure staff for an effective and regular controls of the Labour Inspectorate • to set control over the implementation of provisions of the Law on work hours and mandatory rest periods as a permanent targeted campaign • to introduce permanent coordinated control together with the Transport Inspectorate and Police on order to effectively discover the offences of work hours which can be seen on the recording equipment of road haulage • to check the duties of employers concerning the keeping of records and establishing offences • to analyze the considered issues (diversification and consequences) and to develop measures in accordance with findings) • repressive and preventive work in the field of alcohol use at work • to assure the cooperation between the Police and Inspectorate for the agriculture and the environment concerning the campaigns as needed on individual areas • to have at least 20 strict controls over the motor vehicles drive in natural environment • to assure SUV to carry out controls in the natural environment
• number of determined offences • implemented strict controls • cooperation in preventive campaigns • implemented measures for offenders • assured equipment for the control of freight and passenger transport • assured spaces on motorways for an effective road transport control • number of inspection checks • assured spaces for the mobile unit of the Veterinary Administration INDICATORS • to add additional staff to the Labour Inspectorate and Inspectorate for the agriculture and the environment • to place targeted campaigns for control of the Law on work hours and mandatory rest periods into program orientation of the Labour Inspectorate • traffic safety situation in Slovenia • sell or offer of alcohol at work • safety and health at work and safety in road traffic • assured equipment for driving in the natural environment • to report the offence of the driving ban with vehicles in the natural environment • the purchase of the SUV for control in the natural environment
• Market Inspectorate, Police, Health Inspectorate, Customs, Administration, Veterinary Administration, DARS (Motorway OPERATORS Company), Labour Inspectorate, Transport, Energy and Spatial Planning Inspectorate, Inspectorate for Agriculture, Forestry and Food
40 TO ASSURE A GREATER SAFETY OF MILITARY VEHICLES
The Slovenian army is present on Slovenian roads everyday. in the road traffic with their own personal vehicles. That’s why Certain special vehicles and column of military vehicles which the traffic safety is very important to Slovenian army. With the require special transport adjustment represent a special risk. objective to assure a bigger level of traffic safety for all traffic Members of the Slovenian army are also everyday participants participants, the Slovenian army will reinforce the activities.
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to improve the control over the military transport OBJECTIVES • to reinforce the preventive campaigns
• to assure an appropriate extent of the military police • to assure an appropriate equipment of army police for the realization of control (speed measurement means, device for the measurement of the amount of alcohol and other means for the implementation of the army transport) • to assure the effective implementation of tasks of the offence institution • to assure the means for the implementation of preventive campaigns • to realize the preventive campaigns (independently and with other responsible institutions) • to monitor and cooperate with the change of the normative acts in the field of traffic safety in relation to the army ACTIVITIES vehicles traffic • to realize the training and traffic safety awareness of the army members • to monitor and analyze the functioning of the Driving school of the army and the Safe Driving School • a regular monitoring and analyzing of the traffic safety of the Slovenian Armed Forces • to perform a regular periodic roadworthiness tests of the army vehicles • the control over the issue of the travel orders and company cars of Slovenian army to its members • informing (advertising) on the internet pages of the Ministry of Defense concerning the activities and measures of the road traffic safety
• the situation of the traffic safety in the Slovenian Armed Forces • the effectiveness of imposed measures and implementing a process • the number of qualified army policemen • purchased technical means to control traffic and implemented preventive campaigns INDICATORS • the number of realized controls • the number of realized preventive campaigns • the number of realized periodic surveys of military motor vehicles • the number of notices on the internet pages of the Ministry of Defense OPERATORS • General Staff of the Slovenian Armed Forces, Police
TO SET UP THE APPROPRIATE PROFESSIONAL AND INSPECTION CONTROL OVER THE REALIZATION OF THE TRAINING PROGRAM
The qualifications of the participants influence the safety in the and of the Council of 12 December 2006 on services in the public road transport. The quality training of participants and internal market. especially the quality training of drivers and candidates for the The Law on drivers thus doesn’t require such severe staff drivers of motor vehicles is important when we want to assure conditions for organizations which implement the training for safety. To have a quality training of the mentioned categories, the candidates for the drivers of motor vehicles. It is expected an effective control over the realization of the training program that the number of the mentioned organizations will increase, must be assured. consecutively, the number of control subjects will increase as With the new Act on drivers, the Directive 2006/126/EC of the well. It is expected that there will be more derogations from European Parliament and of the Council of 20 December 2006 the demanded requirements which the performers must on driving licenses enters into the legal order of the Republic fulfill and also that there will be more derogations from the of Slovenia, hereinafter referred to as the Directive 2006/126/ prescribed method, contents and form of training. EC and the Directive 2006/123/EC of the European Parliament
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to improve the control over the implementation of the training program for the candidates for the motor vehicle drivers OBJECTIVES • to improve the control over the implementation of other programs of training of drivers (Teacher of regulation, Teacher of driving, Professional manager of driving school…)
• to assure the appropriate number of inspectors • to assure the appropriate number of controls within the organizations for training the candidates for driving ACTIVITIES • to monitor and cooperate with the change of the normative act within the training for the candidates for driving • to monitor and analyze the functioning of driving schools, safe driving schools and schools for teachers’ training
• the condition of the academic achievement at training the candidates for driving in driving schools, safe driving schools and schools for teachers’ training INDICATORS • the effectiveness of the disciplinary proceedings • the number of the qualified drivers, driving instructors, teachers of regulations and heads of driving schools • the number of realized controls • Ministry of the Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Transport, Energy and Spatial OPERATORS Planning Inspectorate
41 SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK
Safety and health at work has an important influence on the they don’t work under the influence of medicine which can public road traffic safety. To assure safety and health at work, affect their psychophysical abilities. They risk their safety, health it is important to asses all risks the road workers face and to and life of other road participants. Nevertheless, we must be train them for a safe and healthy work performance. Besides conscious that the worker isn’t under direct surveillance of that, it is important that the drivers and other road transport the employer when participating in road traffic. The worker participants aren’t exposed to stress at work, that they aren’t transfers good and bad safety practice from work to road exhausted, that they don’t perform their work under the traffic and vice versa which reflects also safety in both areas influence of alcohol, drugs or other illicit substances and that namely work and traffic.
Workers, which are exposed to risks in road traffic, can be divided into four target groups: ••professional drivers (transfer of goods and people) ••drivers, who are participants in road traffic due to their professional activities (taxi, delivery service) ••drivers in road traffic going to and from work ••workers who work on roads (maintainers, waste collectors)
The main objective:
TO LINK MORE CLOSELY SAFETY AND HEALTH AT WORK WITH THE ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
Active and passive safety systems can significantly contribute work has positive effects on workers in road traffic, employers, to the safety of road traffic participants (also those whose companies and society as a whole. Positive effects are shown working place is behind the wheel). Workers and employers, in a significantly lower number of fatalities and injured on who must encourage the use of available technical solutions, roads which has a direct influence on the employer’s expenses must be aware of the meaning of safety systems. A higher due to the lower number of sick leaves, substitution expenses level of road safety as a higher level of safety and health at and training of new employed.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to reduce in target groups of employed fatalities and severely injured
• mutual cooperation through professional advisory bodies so that the road safety becomes a part of safety and health at work • a set up of a system of collecting and analyzing the data of traffic accidents which are due to safety and health at work • preventive and control realization of activities in transport companies • cooperation with the preparation and implementation of activities’ program, namely action plan for a bigger road traffic safety for workers in public administration and later on the gradual transfer of activities to a private sector ACTIVITIES • cooperation within the preparation of practical guidelines for improving road traffic safety in connection to work and promotion and transfer of foreign best practices • collection and promotion of best practices from the safety and health at work area for four target groups (professional drivers, drivers, who are participants in road traffic due to their professional activities, drivers in road traffic doing to and from work, workers who work on roads) • a higher safety of professional drivers which are exposed to dangers in road traffic; risk assessment for professional drivers should include road traffic safety
• the set up of a system of collecting and analyzing the data of traffic accidents which are due to safety and health at work • program of activities for a better road safety for public administration (prescribed safe driving for those who use company vehicles in who drive the minimal specified number of kilometres – interlock device for all company vehicles) • practical guidelines for improving road safety in connection to work INDICATORS • the choice of best practices from the road traffic safety and health at work area • targeted methodology of risk assessment together with measures for lifting the safety and health at work in road traffic for professional drivers • coordinated preventive and controlled realization of actions in transport companies (common actions of traffic and work inspectors)
OPERATORS • Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
42 HELP TO THE VICTIMS OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AND THEIR RELATIVES
Traffic accidents mark forever the lives of people, who are welfare can contribute to a bigger road traffic safety with its involved in one as road accident participants (causers, preventive and support programs and services which are victims, indirectly involved and/or as the victims’ relatives). realized by different professional organizations and societies Traffic accidents are often the cause why a person and their of civil sphere in cooperation with public services and other relatives and friends are in severe distress from which one interested organization which are targeted to the following cannot or isn’t able to get out of. Numerous support programs target groups: of preventive and curative nature are available which are 1) causers of traffic accidents being developed by different organizations, societies and 2) individuals who were injured in the traffic accident professional associations and which help the individuals to 3) relatives of the injured and/or the dead in traffic accidents; overcome the distress and difficulties in which they found these are the programs and services of informing and themselves due to the traffic accident (consequences). The awareness, psychosocial help, consulting and therapy.
The main objective:
TO LINK THE SOCIAL WELFARE WITH THE ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
ACTIONS MEASURES
• a rise in quality and quantity of the institutional work in the field of help to the causers of road accidents, victims and OBJECTIVES their relatives
• informing, awareness and supportive activities from the social welfare field and social integration for the mentioned target groups • to connect the individuals and/or victims’ families with similar experiences, distress and problems and to find solutions and the ways to get out of distress and problems ACTIVITIES • exchange of experiences, knowledge, skills and support from the qualified experts • empowerment of the program’s users in a way that they are capable on a positive and creative way to overcome the state in which they found themselves due to the traffic accident and to reenter in to work and society • cooperation in media campaign with objective of a bigger social integration and breaking the stereotypes and taboos
• the number of co-financed programs in the field of program users and services of social welfare in connection to the road traffic safety INDICATORS • the number of involved users considering the target groups • the amount of funds, intended for the stated programs and services from the social welfare field (per operators, together…) • Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities OPERATORS • operators, which are chosen within the public invitation to tender to co-finance the social welfare funds
43 OBJECTIVES OF THE PARTIAL AREAS OF THE ROAD TRAFFIC SAFETY
The set up of the effective traffic safety system on Slovenian the most common factors of the most vulnerable group roads is possible only at preliminary identification, analysis and of participants and the measures to change the behavior. elimination of the key social issues which influence the safety. The areas are thus chosen on the basis of the analysis of the Different roles of an individual as a participant in road traffic situation and on the knowledge of the traffic safety problems. and the influence of the entire society, guide the search of the According to the extent of the individual issues and estimated most appropriate combination effect of different institutions costs and benefits, partial areas with objectives, activities and and branches in the extremely intertwined and systematic guidelines are defined as follows: interdisciplinary system. The national program exposes
• SPEED AS THE MOST COMMON CAUSE OF THE WORST ROAD ACCIDENTS • THE USE OF SAFETY BELT WHICH SIGNIFICANTLY ALLEVIATES THE CONSEQUENCES OF THE POSSIBLE ROAD ACCIDENT • DRIVERS OF MOTORCYCLES • CYCLISTS • YOUNG DRIVERS • RAIL CROSSING • TRACTOR DRIVERS • THE safety OF THE MOST VULNERABLE TRAFFIC PARTICIPANTS (PEDESTRIANS) • ALCOHOL, ILLICIT DRUGS AND OTHER PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
As these are the most important areas as far as safety is concerned, we expect to reach the highest effect in the road safety field with a coordinated implementation of all activities.
44 SPEED
Speeding or excessive speed is the main factor of road accidents has a direct link to the collision power and its consequences. (especially those with worst consequences) on Slovenian and The driving speed is linked to the risk of being involved in the European roads. In the EU Member States at least one third of road accident, as the drivers have, when speeding, less time all severest road accidents is linked to the speeding factor. The for an appropriate reaction which consecutively leads to more speed of driving is an important factor of traffic safety which traffic accidents. Graph 13: The number of fatalities in road accidents (due to speeding), 2001-2011 with the exponential trend by 2022
The exponential trend of road accidents which result in fatalities decreased after 2001 and it is asymptotically approaching 20 fatalities by 2022. Linear downward trend doesn’t describe as well the tendency to diminish the number of fatalities of road accidents due to the same cause, as in 2009 it diminished to 0 which wasn’t real to expect. It is even more unrealistic to expect that the trend of the last 5 years (129-57) will continue, where the number of fatalities dropped from 129 in 2007 to 57 in 2011. In 2010 the number of fatalities was the lowest, namely 45. In spite of the increase, the number is still under the exponent and linear trends.
The rate of injuries is increasing in proportion to the speed, that’s why the speed reduction would substantially contribute to the improvement of the traffic safety.
45 The main objective:
TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AND INJURED IN ROAD ACCIDENTS (DUE TO SPEEDING) BY 50% OR NOT MORE THAN 29 FATALITIES IN 2022
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to reduce average speed in the urban and non-urban areas
• to assure with speed measurement a great rate of probability that the drivers who don’t follow the speed limit will be given the fines • to introduce new systems for speed measurement • to improve traffic infrastructure which will decrease the possibilities of the worst consequences on dangerous sections (beginning of a urban areas, in front of schools and daycares) • the reduction of speed on individual road sections needs to be adapted to the actual situation (on dangerous sections the allowed speed needs to be reduced and on the sections, where the traffic infrastructure allows a higher speed, these needs to be allowed) and at the same time encourage people (together with good traffic signalization) to ACTIVITIES recognize actual speed limitation as appropriate restrictions • to inform and educate the public with preventive campaigns about the dangers of the excessive speed driving • to encourage safe driving where participants get familiar with the practical aspects of driving with excessive speed and at the same time learn to better manage the vehicle • the realization of the education for speed measurements where all supervisory authorities, which carry out the measurements, would cooperate • the preparation of the code on the speed measurement • to encourage the introduction of the new technologies into vehicles (better passive safety, technologies which will warn the driver about driving with the excessive speed or even prevent him to drive with excessive speed) • the number of traffic accidents and injured in traffic accidents due to excessive speed • to set up a system for a section speed control • to set up a new traffic signalization which will calm down speed on certain sections and prevent the worst consequences
INDICATORS • to formulate criteria to set up road signalization in the built-up areas and the review of individual road sections and the confirmation, namely the change of the appropriate road signalization • the execution of the preventive activities • to carry out the seminar • to issue a code • Ministry of the Interior, Police, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency (Council OPERATORS for the Prevention and Road Safety Education), Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, Ministry of Justice, Municipal police officers, Military Police, Transport Inspectorate, DARS (Slovenian Motorway Company), ZŠAM (Association of Slovenian drivers and mechanics), Safe Journey Institute,AMZS (Automobile Association of Slovenia)
46 ALCOHOL, ILLICIT DRUGS AND OTHER PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES
It is proven that the most common risk factors for the traffic as the alcohol being the main cause of traffic accidents. The accident are the driver’s characteristics, namely the behavior. highest number of traffic accidents due to alcohol appears on Alcohol, illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances weekends, on Fridays and Saturdays during late night hours or influence the change of driving capacity and style and early in the morning. The most problematic periods are the contribute to a bigger risk of the occurrence of traffic accidents. summer months, celebration of Saint Martin’s Day and the Some researches have shown also the important influence of period between Christmas and New Year. The highest number alcohol concerning the gravity the seriousness of the traffic of traffic accidents which occur under the influence of alcohol accident. happens on the roads in urban areas and in its proximity (regional and local transfers). Alcohol is the most common cause of accident after speeding and incorrect direction of driving. The ratio of accidents’ causers under the influence of alcohol Alcohol, in connection to road traffic, appears especially has increased in the last decade within the total number of in the population aged between 18 and 54 years. The age accidents. group between 24 and 34 years stands out the most as far Graph 14: The share of drivers under the influence of alcohol who caused accidents on Slovenian roads considering all causers of traffic accidents
The ratio of accidents’ causers under the influence of alcohol had increased by 2008 which represented 13%. After 2008 it dropped and in 2011 it was 9,3%. .
Alcohol is, beside speeding and the safety belt non-use, the still a worrying number. Causers of fatal accidents under the main cause for which the fatal road accidents causers have influence of alcohol have a high alcohol concentration in been considered. In 2011, there were 23% causers of fatal organism though this has decreased over the years. In 2000, it accidents under the influence of alcohol. Even though the was 1.74 g of alcohol/kg of blood; by 2011, it decreased to 1.46 ratio diminished in comparison to the previous years, it is g of alcohol/kg of blood. Graph 15: The number of fatalities due to the driving under influence of alcohol and objectives by 2022
The number of fatalities due to driving under influence of alcohol has decreased in the last decade by more than a third. To achieve the objectives of the National Program by 2022, there shouldn’t be more than 17 fatalities. In 2011 there were 33 fatalities.
47 Table 2: The number of fatal road accidents, the number and ratio of causers under influence of alcohol and the average rate of alcohol of causers
No. of all drivers No. of fatal road Share of drivers under Average blood Year No. of all causers under the alcohol accidents the alcohol influence alcohol content influence
2000 290 305 112 37% 1,74
2001 243 261 101 39% 1,65
2002 240 254 92 36% 1,64
2003 220 234 84 36% 1,60
2004 253 261 97 37% 1,59
2005 229 241 83 34% 1,62
2006 233 242 97 40% 1,62
2007 264 271 109 40% 1,63
2008 200 212 71 33% 1,62
2009 154 160 51 32% 1,51
2010 127 154 46 30% 1,51
2011 129 136 27 20% 1,46
The data show us the diminishing in all categories. The share of causers under the influence of alcohol has been diminishing every year from 2007 as well as the average rate of blood alcohol content (g/kg) which was 1.46 g/kg in 2011.
Between 2004 and 2008 the Institute of Criminology at the the period between 2004 and 2008. 27% of all fatal accident Faculty of Law established, on the basis of research that each causers had less than 0,5%g of alcohol/kg during the same 2,8th fatal accident causer had in their blood more than 0,5g of period. alcohol/kg. This share (36%) is much higher than the European average which is 25%. The use of illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances also represent a problem with road traffic participants. It is also alarming that, according to this research, every other fatal accident causer had more than 0,0g of alcohol/kg in
48 Table 3: The review of measures in road traffic in connection to illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances use Year Offences Offences accidents accidents accidents accidents examination examination medicine use use medicine examinations examinations Refusal of the Refusal of the Traffic accidents Refusals - offences - Refusals Positive result of the Positive result of the Positive result of the examination in traffic traffic in examination Positive result of drug drug of result Positive drug of result Positive medicine use in traffic use in traffic accidents medicine use - offences Number of professional professional of Number Positive result - offences offences - result Positive
2000 2.281 247 2.034 498 69 429 --- 1.637 66 1.571
2001 3.088 335 2.746 681 93 588 - - - 2.251 58 2.193
2002 3.588 421 2.999 675 103 572 --- 2.415 72 2.343
2003 3.698 479 2.990 559 110 449 2 2 - 2.536 88 2.448
2004 3.741 577 2.891 534 119 415 41 27 14 2.472 111 2.361
2005 2.774 494 2.094 431 100 331 49 30 19 1.779 71 1.708
2006 1.628 432 1.127 284 97 187 39 24 15 972 66 906
2007 1.846 426 1.287 336 107 229 51 29 22 1.093 57 1.036
2008 1.722 400 1.187 576 93 483 96 35 61 719 41 678
2009 1.824 387 1.267 1.040 131 909 176 55 121 333 17 316
2010 1469 347 945 839 178 1354 143 38 105 178 23 155
2011 1162 358 674 524 109 776 127 39 88 148 12 136
The number of professional examination in connection to the illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances, the positive results in total number in traffic accidents and offences are shown in the table. At the end there is a number of test refusals.
The review data on the test refusals regarding the accidents Road Traffic Safety Law. If the suspicion on the use of drugs is and offences show that the number of refusals is diminishing, unfounded, the examination doesn’t take place. In 2009, the because in accordance with the legislation the refusal means number of positive outcome of drugs use was the highest, but the termination of driver’s license. Throughout the years, the also the number of examination significantly dropped. We can number of professional examinations is diminishing which is establish the same situation with the use of medicines. the result of the previous procedures in accordance with the
49 The main objective:
TO REDUCE BY 50% THE NUMBER OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS WHERE THE SECONDARY FACTOR IS ALCOHOL, ILLICIT DRUGS OR OTHER PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCES OR NOT MORE THAN 17 FATALITIES IN 2022
ACTIONS MEASURES
• the ratio of fatal traffic accidents causers who were under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs and other psychoactive OBJECTIVES substances doesn’t exceed 30% • to reduce by 50% the number of traffic participants who are under the influence of alcohol or illicit drugs or other psychoactive substances
• to organize informational and preventive campaigns which will have a clear public message that the traffic participation under the influence of alcohol or other illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances in any kind of quantity is not acceptable • implementation of regular random and severe control of forbidden sale and offer of alcohol to minors and intoxicated individuals • implementation of preventive programs in elementary and middle schools, implementation of the healthy lifestyle promotion with a choice of alternative free time activities and implementation of social skills in order to show the young a more responsible attitude towards alcohol; constant awareness of the young with preventive programs for youth organizations, societies and other non-governmental organizations which have activities in the field of diminishing the risky and harmful use of alcohol and diminishing the demand of illicit drugs and other psychoactive substances ACTIVITIES • the realization of regular random controls of alcohol content of drivers and control for illicit drugs use and other psychoactive substances especially in regions where this is an important issue • the implementation of target oriented and coordinated severe control of alcohol level and the use of drugs and other psychoactive substances, especially during risky periods (Saint Martin’s Day, grape-harvest, rave parties, Christmas time parties,…) in the urban areas, tourist centers and cafes • regular public information on the possibilities of the referral to health checks with consultancy which are defined within the new traffic legislation for drivers who are legally sanctioned for the first time due to the offence of driving under the influence of alcohol from 0,5g to including 0,8g/kg of blood • implementing, monitoring and evaluation of health checks with consulting, checks and referrals to the rehabilitation programs within the new traffic legislation • records of repeat traffic offenders
• the number of random tests of alcohol content of motor vehicle drivers and the control of use of drugs and psychoactive substances • the number of traffic participants who were driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances • the ratio of traffic accidents causers who were driving under the influence of alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances • the number of traffic accidents where the secondary factor was alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances • the number of fatal accidents where the secondary factor was alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances INDICATORS • the number of traffic participants who were driving under the influence of alcohol where the secondary factor was alcohol, drugs and other psychoactive substances • the number of preventive programs in the elementary and middle schools • the number of preventive campaigns for a wider population • the number of controls of forbidden sale and offer of alcohol beverages to underage and intoxicated persons • the number of referrals to the health checks with consulting and the share of realized health checks with consulting considering the number of offended drivers due to the DUI of alcohol • the number of referrals to rehabilitation programs and the share of realized programs considering the number of offended drivers due to the DUI of alcohol • the number of repeat traffic offenders • Ministry of Health, Inspection Services, Police, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Ministry OPERATORS of Education, Science and Sport, Ministry of Labour, Family, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities, different professional institutions, health workers, non-governmental organizations
50 DRIVERS OF MOTORCYCLES
Looking at the statistical data we can see that the number of the guidelines of transport politics which encourage the use motorcycles is increasing each year in Slovenia. Consequently, of public transport, bicycles and motorcycles, we can expect these drivers have a bigger role and essentially contribute to the that the number of the above mentioned drivers will increase traffic road safety. The drivers of motorcycles still remain one of in the following years. the most vulnerable groups of traffic participants. Considering
The main objective:
TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AND SEVERLY INJURED DRIVERS OF MOTORCYCLES BY 50% OR NOT MORE THAN 15 FATALITIES OF MOTORYCLE DRIVERS AND NOT MORE THAN 108 SEVERLY INJURED DRIVERS
Despite the fact that the number of traffic accidents is exposed categories of participants, a special attention must diminishing, the rate of fatalities of motorcycle drivers remains be paid to assure their road traffic safety. between 18% and 21%. Because this is one of the most Graph 16: The number of fatalities of motorcycle drivers from 1995 to 2011 with the objective by 2022
In the last couple of years the number of fatalities among the motorcycle drivers has decreased by more than a half. The number of fatalities among moped drivers has remained approximately the same. It is true that in the last couple of years the motorcycle season was rainier and less suitable for driving with motorcycles and mopeds which could have influenced the diminished number of drives and consecutively the diminished number of traffic accidents and its consequences. If we want to achieve the objective of the National Program, the number of fatalities in these two categories combined must decrease to 15 fatalities.
Graph 17: The number of traffic accidents and consequences of motorcycle drivers from 2007 to 2011
The number of traffic accidents and its consequences of motorcycle drivers decreased between 2007 and 2010. In 2011, we recorded a growth considering the number of traffic accidents and consequences. 51 Graph 18: The number of dead passengers on motorcycles between 2007 and 2011
The number of dead passengers on motorcycles has remained approximately the same in the last years (in 2007 as in 2011 there were 3 fatalities)
Graph 19: The display of the survey of the number and the type of accidents which the questioned motorcyclists had due to their own or foreign carelessness
The research on opinions and viewpoints of motorcycle drivers on the safety characteristics of roads (DRSC, 2009, 278 interviewed motorcycle drivers – the survey was carried out by the SCP LLC, ARTICON LLC and the Magazine MotoSi, 2008) pointed out that due to the motorcyclists’ carelessness there were more falls. Due to the carelessness of others there were lateral collisions which we can attribute to the non-compliance with the priority rule considering other participants in traffic in crossroads – especially drivers of personal vehicles, falls due to the behavior of other traffic participants, driving on the motorcyclists’ lane and grazing.
Graph 20: The ratio of answers of questioned motorcyclists considering the desire for fast speed driving
The survey has shown that 75,5% of questioned motorcycle drivers like to drive fast if they estimate that it is safe. 83% of motorcyclists enjoy when driving fast and only about 17% follow the restrictions and don’t enjoy the speed (DRSC, 2009, 278 interviewed motorcycle drivers – the survey was carried out by the SCP LLC, ARTICON LLC and the Magazine MotoSi, 2008)
valuation of safe driving is actually a subjective estimation when driving fast. The drivers of motorcycles usually overestimate their abilities and underestimate the dangers and traps on roads. 52 ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to reduce the number of traffic accidents among motorcyclists by 50%
• to check the road sections of the traffic accidents with fatalities or severely injured motorcyclists • the installation of the quality road equipment • a severe control of certain regular maintenance work on road sections where motorcycle traffic accidents with fatalities or severe injuries took place • realization of the preventive campaigns to improve the safety of motorcyclists • implementation of the program for motorcyclists in driving schools who already have the driving license for adequate category within the lifelong learning • to increase the use of quality gear for the protection of drivers and passengers of motorcycles • to increase the use of the visible equipment (helmet, suit) • to assure a higher active and passive safety for motorcycles and mopeds • to change the conditions for the payment of compensation • to encourage safe driving for motorcyclists with the emphasis on the defensive driving and developing skills • to influence the patient and responsible drivers’ behavior of motorcyclists and other participants in public road transport and vice versa • to encourage the young to a patient and responsible actions in road traffic and factors which influence the safety in ACTIVITIES road traffic • to realize the control over the drivers of motorcycles and mopeds where and when the violation of road rules are frequent and where the traffic accidents are frequent involving drivers of motorcycles and mopeds • the control over the psychophysical state of drivers and if the have a valid driving license of the adequate category • the control over the use of the approved safety helmet • the control over the roadworthiness of motorcycles and mopeds with the emphasis on the vehicles which are remade in contrast to the approval regulation • to place a quality road gear which influence a higher safety for motorcycle and moped drivers (anti collision color, appropriate safety fences) • to encourage the purchase of new motorcycles and motors with advanced technology • an agreement of the insurances with the Slovenian Insurance Association and preparation of new conditions when paying the compensation • the preparation of the program in the frame of the educational processes of adolescents in elementary and middle schools with the emphasis on the traffic psychology • the monitoring of the number of traffic accidents with the participation of drivers of motorcycles and motors
• the list of black spots where the motorcycle and moped accidents happen often, realized activities on these road sections, the report and information on the findings and the elimination of irregularities (roads, road signs) • adequate signalization of obstacles and dangerous sections which influence the safe driving of motorcycles and mopeds • a plan of preventive activities for the drivers of motorcycles and mopeds • the preparation of the program for the drivers of motorcycles and mopeds within the frame of lifelong learning in driving schools • media campaign with the promotion of protection gear • round tables (Traffic Safety Agency, NGO, state authorities) • promotion of safe training and realization of different programs (motorcycles, mopeds, driving with passenger) with INDICATORS the emphasis on the defensive driving • program in the frame of the educational processes of the young in the elementary and middle schools with the emphasis on the traffic psychology • to monitor the number of motorcycle or moped traffic accidents • to prepare the document on the encouraging the tolerant and responsible behavior of the road traffic participants (legal persons, individuals, moto clubs, schools, universities) • to monitor the number of fatalities and severely injured drivers and passengers • the number of established offences in relation to driving without the license or inadequate category • the number of established offences in relation to not using the safety helmet • the number of seized motorcycles or mopeds • Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, (DRSC - Motorway Company, Slovenian Roads Agency, Inspectorate for Transport, Energy and Spatial Planning), Ministry of the Interior (Police, Internal Administrative Affairs), Ministry of OPERATORS Education, Science and Sport, Ministry of Finance, Traffic Safety Agency, Moto Clubs, AMZS (Automobile Association of Slovenia), Chamber of Commerce and Industry, Editorial Board of the magazine MotoSi, Safe Journey Institute, ZŠAM (Association of drivers and auto mechanics), Maksi Moto Club
53 CYCLISTS
Cyclists as the traffic participants belong to the most vulnerable died, in 2010, 16 cyclists died, in 2009, 18 cyclists died, in 2008, participants. According to statistical data, in 2011, 14 cyclists 16 cyclists died and in 2007, 17 cyclists died. Graph 21: The number of fatalities among cyclists
The above graph shows the drop of the number of the dead road traffic participants and the unchanged number of dead cyclists in the last 5 years. In spite of the increased number of the fatalities in 2011 in comparison to 2010, the number of dead cyclists decreased in 2011.
Graph 22: The number of dead cyclists in the last 5 years considering all fatalities
The share of dead cyclists had increased by 2010 and in 2011 it had decreased. In 2007, the share was 6%, in 2010 it was 12 and in 2011 it dropped to 10%. Considering the expected trends of increasing cyclist traffic, the exposure of cyclists and their endangerment is increased. The share of cyclists among the fatalities is in average 9,1% per year.
Graph 23: The number of injured (fatalities, severe and minor injuries) cyclists considering age groups (period 2007-2011)
The share of dead and injured cyclists is the highest within the oldest group (31% in the group above 60). The male gender prevails (68,8% of all injured cyclists), among causers the male gender is higher (73,2%). 54 The highest number of accidents among cyclists happens in the consequence of the density of cycling and motor traffic, the urban areas (84% of all traffic accidents among cyclists in speed and poorly settled cycling surfaces. the urban areas; the share of fatalities is 56%) which is probably
Graph 24: Traffic accidents among cyclists considering the road type in the period 2007-2011
Considering the number of traffic accidents among cyclists, the built-up areas with the street system stand out (63%), state roads follow (16%), built-up areas without the street system follow (15%) and local roads (6%).
Graph 25: The number of injured cyclists (wearing the helmet)
The share of injured cyclists in the built-up areas involving the use of helmet is lower by half in comparison to the use of helmet outside the built-up areas (22% in comparison to 42% of injured outside the built-up areas). The share of injured cyclists in the built-up areas who didn’t use the helmet is the highest at fatalities (67% in average over the last 3 years).
Graph 26: Injured cyclists (fatalities, severe and minor injuries) according to regions in the period 2007-2011
Considering the region, the Osrednjeslovenska region stands out in the last 5 years (34% of all injured cyclists), followed by Podravska region (22%), Gorenjska region (9%) and Pomurska region (7%).
55 The cyclists had caused in average in the last 3 years 46% of all traffic accidents involving the cyclists’ injuries, the fatality rate among cyclists is 59%.
We can distinguish between: ••everyday cycling while running on errands, to work, to school… ••recreational cycling which is occasional and takes place in the afternoon or weekends ••training sports cycling in cycling clubs ••tourist cycling which is linked to the tourist offer of individual environment
According to foreign studies, in average 20-40% of journeys journeys, 10% of tourist journeys, 10% of undefined journeys are done on the bicycle. The average journey is between and 73% of recreational cycling in Slovenia. 3-5km. Teenagers, young persons and older are those who According to the health database head and limb injuries use the bicycle the most. Unfortunately, there is no specific prevail with cyclists. Head injuries are also the main injury of data for Slovenian conditions. According to data from 1999 (no cyclists who died in traffic accidents. study was carried out later) there is in average 7% of everyday
Graph 27: The number of fatalities among cyclists involved in traffic accidents from 2001 to 2011 with anticipated reduction by 2022
Considering the number of fatalities among cyclists between 2001 and 2011 we cannot expect an essential drop of number of fatalities with no additional improvement of safety as the trends doesn’t show any improvement. To reach the objective of the National Program a yearly drop of fatalities among cyclist is needed, namely not more than 7 cyclists should die in 2022.
56 The main objective:
TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AND SEVERE INJURIES AMONG CYCLISTS BY 50% OR THERE SHOULDN’T BE MORE THAN 7 FATALITIES AMONG CYCLISTS AND 74 SEVERELY INURED IN 2022
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to increase the safe surfaces and measures intended for cyclist for their higher safety OBJECTIVES • the rate of the helmet use among children by 14 years of age with the objective of 95% use by 2021 • a higher rate of the use of light for a better visibility with the objective of 80% use by 2021
• preventive activities to raise awareness promote the use of helmet and lights among cyclists • preventive activities to raise awareness among drivers about the vulnerability of cyclists • the preparation of adequate standards for the infrastructure measures which are intended for cyclists and enforcement on the national and local levels (specification of the infrastructural measures for cyclists) • to form the Strategy of cycling development in Slovenia • to increase the construction of national cycling paths and connections • infrastructural measures to ensure the appropriate surfaces for cyclists on the national and local levels (construction and arrangement of cycling paths, special spaces for cyclists at crossroads) • to reduce the irregularities and deficiencies related to the arrangement of cycling paths which were detected at the regular control inspection of national roads ACTIVITIES • increased control and warning of cyclists for the inappropriate behavior in traffic • to assure the control over the selling of the alcohol in order to decrease the number of intoxicated cyclists • to set the system of monitoring the cycling traffic, behavior of the cyclists and the use of helmet and bicycle lights • to implement systematically and completely the traffic educational contents in kindergartens, elementary and middle schools considering the safe participation of cyclists in traffic (analysis of the program’s implementation for the qualification for riding a bicycle) • to assure and arrange a safe school ways for the cyclists on the local level with additional measures, markings and promotion of the friendly schools for cyclists • the implementation of measures which were suggested by the independent organizations on the basis of the assessment of safe surfaces for cyclists • the system of co financing via national authorities and to enable the European means for infrastructural measures for a higher safety of cyclists on the local level
• the ratio of cyclists among the fatalities in traffic accidents • the number of traffic accidents among cyclists, the number of injured and the number of fatalities • the ratio of intoxicated cyclists among the injured and dead cyclists INDICATORS • the ratio of cyclists who use the protection helmet and the light in bad visibility • the number of kilometres of surfaces on national/local roads • the number of appropriately regulated measures for a higher safety of cyclists (crossings for cyclists) • to set the system to monitor the cycling traffic and behavior of cyclists and drivers in traffic
• DRSC (Slovenian Motorway Company), Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning (Transport Directorate), Inspectorate for Transport, Police, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, The National Education OPERATORS Institute of Slovenia, Ministry of Health, Institute for health insurance (CINDI), Association of Municipalities and Towns of Slovenia, Association of cyclists of Slovenia, Urban Planning Institute of Slovenia, he Regional Environmental Center, Slovenian Cycling Network, Olympic Committee of Slovenia, University of the Third Age, Federation of the Pensioners’ Association
57 TRACTOR DRIVERS
The number of traffic accidents among which the causers or when they are performing the agricultural and forestry work participants are the tractor drivers, is in comparison to other outside the road traffic. The Law on Motor Vehicles which groups of causers or participants, small. But yearly there are 20 entered into force on July 1st 2011 introduces for the first time fatalities among tractor drivers (in average in the last 10 years) minimal requirements also for the tractor gear in order to carry when doing the agricultural and forestry work outside the out the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic road traffic. Considering the number of these vehicles and in (approximately 20,000 tractors which are not registered). We comparison to other European countries this is unacceptably would like to enforce these provisions by 2022 in the greatest a lot. extent as possible which should contribute to the realization of Our objective is to diminish the number of tractor drivers the set objective to decrease the number of fatalities among who die or are severely hurt in traffic accidents on roads and tractor drivers. The main objective:
TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AMONG TRACTOR DRIVERS BY 50% OR THERE SHOULDN’T BE MORE THAN 4 FATALITIES AMONG TRACTOR DRIVERS IN 2022
Graph 28: The number of fatalities among tractor drivers in tractor traffic accidents and accidents at performing the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic in the period between 2001 and 2011 and the objective by 2022
The number of fatalities among tractor drivers had in the last decade dropped from 27 fatalities in 2001 to 14 fatalities in 2009 which is less than 10 fatalities in 2010 and 2011, more precisely 8. The objective is that in 2022 there shouldn’t be more than 4 fatalities among tractor drivers when performing the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to decrease the number of severe and minor injuries of tractor drivers by 50% • to introduce minimum requirements for tractor gear intended for agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic
• a detailed analysis concerning the conditions of tractors and accidents involving tractors • to monitor the consequences of tractor accidents • to prepare and to publish the information on the safety when driving the tractor in road traffic and the use for agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic with the emphasis on the minimum gear for tractors which are regulated from 2011 • a practical review of the correct tractor gear and other agricultural vehicles in traffic and outside of it ACTIVITIES • to introduce the appropriate contents on the prescribed minimum equipment of tractors for the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic within the program of the prescribed training for the acquisition of the driver license of the F category • to assure the financial encouragement for the purchase of safety cabins for tractors which are used to carry out the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic in the frame of the financial period of promoting rural development • to establish the provision on the minimum tractor gear for the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic involving the police and inspection control; in the first phase with the emphasis on the warning (Police) and regulated decision (inspection) in the case of establishing the irregularities and in the second phase with the adequate sanctioning
• to decrease the consequences of the tractor accidents (the number of fatalities, severe and minor injuries at traffic accidents and when performing the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic) • information sources: brochures, publications, articles published in newspapers and professional magazines, radio, television INDICATORS and internet pages • realized practical presentation of the appropriate tractor gear and other agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic • the results of the police control on roads and police, inspection tractor control at performing the agricultural and forestry work outside the road traffic
• Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of the Agriculture and the Environment, OPERATORS Chamber of Agriculture and Forestry of Slovenia, Agricultural and Forestry Institute, Association of Machinery, Association 58 of the agricultural youth, Association of the forest owners PEDESTRIANS
Pedestrians are one of the most vulnerable traffic participants. The most important measure which influences the severity of According to statistical data the ratio of pedestrians involved the consequences in traffic accidents involving the pedestrians in traffic accidents is in average 15,3% (over the ten years there is the speed as the studies show that the pedestrian is most were 2,912 fatalities, among these there were 447 pedestrian likely to suffer the minor injuries at the collision with the vehicle fatalities). which drives with the speed of 30km/h. The pedestrians can with their behavior contribute effectively The collision involving the speed of 48km/h increases by to a higher safety, namely with correct crossing on marked 50% the probability of a severe or fatal accident. The collision spots, with correct walk on the side of the road, with the use of at the speed of 64km/h increases by 90% the probability reflective objects and thus they increase their visibility. A lot of of fatal accident involving the pedestrian. That’s why it is of pedestrians, especially older males, are under the influence of extreme importance that in the proximity of the urban areas alcohol and the foreign researches show that in this case the the average and the higher speed is below 50km/h. The speed pedestrians are involved in the accidents where the vehicles in the proximity of the crossings should be around 30km/h in hit them from behind. order that pedestrians can safely cross the road.
The main objective:
TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS AMONG PEDESTRIANS AND TO DECREASE THE SEVERITY OF CONSEQUENCES BY 50% OR THERE SHOULDN’T BE MORE THAN 13 FATALITIES AMONG PEDESTRIANS IN 2022
The effective measures for a higher safety of pedestrians forces also throw the pedestrian on the side of the vehicle and from the infrastructural point of view are also different consecutively decrease the possibility of running them over. measures for calming down the traffic which decreases the These measures are proven to be effective at collisions with speed of vehicles, the assurance of the appropriate surfaces the speed of maximum 50km/h. With higher speeds there is for pedestrians (sidewalks, corridors, lanes and appropriately no difference. regulated crossings), public lighting in towns and additionally lighted pedestrian crossings which increase the pedestrians’ We can conclude, considering long-term statistics that the visibility. With the development of the vehicles, the systems majority of fatal accidents involving pedestrians happen of manufacturing the vehicles is pedestrian friendly as the during the dark part of the day. Only in 2009, the ratio of bigger part of energy is transmitted to the vehicles’ sheet fatalities among pedestrians was higher during the day. metal and not on the pedestrian if the collision happens. The
Table 4: The number of fatalities in traffic accidents and the number of fatalities among pedestrians
No. of fatalities among Ratio of fatalities among YEAR No. of fatalities pedestrians pedestrians
2001 278 42 15,1% 2002 269 41 15,2% 2003 242 38 15,7% 2004 274 35 12,8% 2005 257 37 14,4% 2006 262 36 13,7% 2007 293 32 10,9% 2008 214 39 18,2% 2009 173 24 13,9% 2010 138 26 18,8% 2011 141 21 14,9%
59 Graph 29: The number of fatalities among pedestrians from 2001 to 2011 with anticipated reduction by 2022
The number of fatalities among pedestrians is decreasing from 2001 (with occasional fluctuations), but its drop is very unpredictable. By 2022, the number of fatalities among pedestrians should drop by half and the number shouldn’t exceed 11 fatalities.
The number of fatalities among pedestrians had decreased in 2010 (in 2010 the ratio of pedestrian fatalities has already been the last years just like the total number of the fatalities in traffic 19%) and in 2011 it had already dropped to 15%. accidents. The ratio of pedestrian fatalities had increased by Graph 30: The number of injuries (fatal, severe and minor) among pedestrians according to age groups between 2007 and 2011
Pedestrians in the group above 64 (mostly male) are the most endangered group. Among injured there are a lot of children and teenagers of 10 years of age. According to statistical data, the majority of accidents (involving pedestrians) happen during the autumn and winter period (in October and January 13% and in February 16%).
Considering the micro location, especially the accidents road (2%). The highest number of accidents happen during the on the roads stand out (70%), followed by the accidents on clear weather (52%), during the cloudy weather (30,6%), during crossroads (13.4%) and on pedestrian crossings (8,7%) out of the normal traffic density (60,4%) or even during the rare traffic 3,475 traffic accidents between 2005 and 2009. According to (20,8%) when the speeds are higher. data concerning the reasons for traffic accidents involving the The regions that stand out are: central Slovenia, Podravska pedestrians, these stand out: not following the right of way region, Savinjska region and Gorenjska region. The highest rule (especially the vehicles; 27,5%), pedestrian’s irregularities number of accidents happen in October, November, (17,7%), vehicle movement (on parking, in the yards, working December and January when the visibility is bad and the with vehicles – 16,5%), speeding (13,3%) and overtaking (1,2%). weather conditions are worse in general (wet and slippery The reasons involving fatalities and severely injured pedestrians road). are speeding, pedestrian’s irregularities, not following the right of way rule and irregular overtaking, while minor injuries According to the road type, a bigger part of accidents happen involve vehicle movements. on local roads (77% in the last 3 years) which represent a higher ratio of km in comparison to the national ones. Also, there are According to the condition of the road, a great ratio of more pedestrians on local roads in towns or their proximities. accidents involving pedestrians happen on the smooth asphalt The majority of traffic accidents involving pedestrians happen or concrete (35,6%) because the slipperiness is much higher in urban areas (89% of traffic accidents involving pedestrians in and in most cases on the dry (70,9%), wet (23,5%) or slippery the last three years and in the non-urban areas 11%).
60 ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to increase the use of reflective items in bad visibility by 50% (especially children and elderly) • to decrease the average speed in towns to 47km/h
• preventive activities for the awareness and promotion of reflective items for pedestrians • preventive activities for the awareness of drivers considering the pedestrians’ vulnerability, the promotion of the safety principle and the care of the weaker traffic participants (pedestrians) • infrastructural measures to ensure the appropriate surfaces for pedestrians and adequate pedestrian crossings • the measures to slow down the traffic in the built-up areas and in the proximity of pedestrian crossings; public lighting in the built-up areas • to assure the average speed in the built-up areas up to 47% and in the proximity of pedestrian crossings with the increased control • increased control and warning of pedestrians considering the inappropriate behavior in traffic • the elimination of the irregularities and the deficiencies considering the pedestrians surfaces, which were established at regular inspection control of national roads ACTIVITIES • to assure the control over the sell of alcohol in order to decrease the number of intoxicated pedestrians • a consistent enforcement of the pedestrian right of way in the urban areas and on marked pedestrian crossings • to set the system of monitoring the pedestrians’ behavior in traffic and the use of reflective items • to increase the ratio of vehicles which are pedestrian friendly • to implement systematically and completely the traffic education in kindergarten and middle schools considering the safe participation of pedestrians in traffic • to assure and to arrange safe school ways for pedestrians on the local level with additional measures and markings • to arrange the bus stops and safe routes leading to it • the implementation of measures which were suggested by the independent organizations on the basis of the assessment of safe pedestrian surfaces • to introduce the system of co financing by the state authorities or to assure the European means for the infrastructural measures for a higher safety of pedestrians on the local level
• the km of surfaces for pedestrians on the national/local roads • the number of adequate pedestrian crossings (measures for calming down the traffic, illuminated crossings) INDICATORS • the number of measures to calm down the traffic in the urban areas, near schools and kindergartens • the set system to monitor the pedestrian behavior in traffic and the handling of drivers on pedestrian crossings in the urban areas
• Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning (Transport Directorate), DRSC (Slovenian Motorways OPERATORS Company), Transport Inspectorate, Police, Ministry of Education, Science and Sport, The National Education Institute of Slovenia, Association of Municipalities and Towns of Slovenia, ZŠAM (Association of drivers and auto mechanics), University of the Third Age, Federation of the Pensioners’ Association
61 SAFETY BELT AND CHILD SAFETY SEAT
The safety belt is one of the oldest instruments for a higher even more important with new improvements and systems safety of drivers and passengers in personal vehicles. It became (seatbelt pretensioners, airbags and active headrests).
The main objective:
TO INCREASE THE USE RATE OF THE SAFETY BELT AMONG DRIVERS AND PASSENGERS OF PERSONAL VEHICLES TO 98%
According to data from 2011, 93,1% of drivers wore the of passengers wear the seatbelt in back seats, among which seatbelt (men in average 91,5% and women 96,9%) and adults (66,2%), older children over 12 years of age (86,8%) and 94,5% passengers (men in average 89,4% and women 97,4%) children under the age of 12 who need a child safety seat in front seats. According to statistical data, in average 81,5% (94,4%). Graph 31: The ratio of fastened seat belts or the children in safety seats between 2008 and 2011
In the last four years, the ratio of the fastened seatbelt has increased. The minimum drop of the drivers’ fastened seatbelts was in 2010 in comparison to 2009 (by 0,7%).
Graph 32: The use of safety belt among drivers and passengers in front seats by 2022
The use of safety belt among drivers and passengers is increasing each year. In 2010 it was 92% (drivers) and 93% (passengers). In 2011, the rate increased by 1% among drivers and passengers. By 2022, we would like to achieve the 98% rate of fastened seat belts in front seats.
The above graphs show the use of safety belt in the next decade. The objective in 2022 is that the rate of fastened seat belts for drivers and passengers (front seats, back seats) will be 98%.
62 Graph 33: The number of fatalities among passengers between 2001 and 2011 with anticipated reduction by 2022
In order to achieve the goals of the National Program it is use of the safety belt in all four-wheel vehicles. In 2022, there necessary to reduce the number of fatalities among passengers shouldn’t be more than 11 fatalities among passengers. at least by half, which can only be done with a more consistent
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to increase the ratio of the safety belt use to 100% on buses which drive the children • to increase the ratio of the safety belt use to 100% of bus and freight vehicles drivers
• to rise the quality of target oriented* preventive campaigns to encourage the use of safety belts and child safety seat • to rise the quality and quantity of target oriented control over the use of safety seat belts • the introduction of systematic measures of the safety belt use • to place the contents of the safety belt use into education and training of children and adults (kindergarten, schools, companies, driving schools, schools for gaining and extending the licenses for professional drivers, programs of inner control) • to publish the manual on the safety belt use for the public administration and private enterprises ACTIVITIES • to set up the systematic counting of the safety belt use among drivers and passengers of motor vehicles according to the common European methodology • to place the contents on the safety belt use among the education of the bus and freight drivers • mandatory equipment on new vehicles in Slovenia with the alarm warning if not wearing the safety seat belt • to encourage the parents, educators, teachers, principles and responsible persons in companies for the passengers’ transfer (bus, taxi) to use the safety seat belt and child safety seat • to include, in the conditions of the automobile and health insurance, the use of the safety belt and child safety seat • to study new or larger penalties for the individual kind of offenders within the individual types of vehicles and safety seats
• the preventive campaigns to increase the rates of the safety belt use and child safety seats, namely the restraint systems • the control strategy concerning the respect of the safety belt use, the use of child safety seat and other restraint systems • the instruction for kindergartens and schools for the use of public transport means which are connected to the use of the child restraint systems INDICATORS • to include new companies to the European Road Safety Charter with the programs for a higher use of restraint systems (bus, taxi and transport of goods companies, state administration) • regulation on the mandatory equipment for the alarm warning if not using the restraint system • to set the system of the systematic measurement of the safety belt use • the results of the quarterly measurement of the safety belt use and the use of restraint systems
• Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of the Interior, Police, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Ministry of OPERATORS Education, Science and Sport, Municipal Traffic Wardens, Military Police, Transport Inspectorate, Association of drivers and auto mechanics, Safe Journey Institute, AMZS (Automobile Association of Slovenia)
*target oriented refers to: contents, space, region, time, in and out of the built-up areas, road type, gender, type of the driver, front seat passengers, back seat passengers, passengers of the bus/school bus/multi-purpose vehicles.
63 YOUNG DRIVERS
Our objective is to contribute to a bigger traffic safety and to The endangerment of the young is substantially higher and a diminish the number of fatalities and severely injured people general issue in all EU states and a special attention is paid to it. on our roads as well as to assure the criteria for the success This issue is important also in Slovenia, thus a special attention when strengthening the lifelong development of a driver. is dedicated to it in the new National program. The main objective: TO REDUCE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AMONG YOUNG DRIVERS BY 50% OR THERE SHOULDN’T BE MORE THAN 8 FATALITIES AMONG YOUNG DRIVERS IN 2022 Statistic data show that the young drivers are among the most endangered participants in traffic.
Graph 34: The number of fatalities among young drivers between 2001 and 2011 with the objective by 2022
The number of fatalities among young drivers had decreased in the last decade from 39 in 2001 to 11 in 2010 and in 2011 the number increased again to 15 fatalities. The objective is not to have more than 8 fatalities among young drivers by 2022.
Graph 35: The number of severe injuries and fatalities among young drivers between 2011 and 2011
The number of severe injuries and fatalities among young drivers (between the ages of 15 and 24) had decreased significantly between 2001 and 2011. In 2001, 39 young drivers died in traffic accidents and in 2010, 11. The number of severely injured young drivers had decreased from 529 in 2001 to 117 in 2010. In 2011, the number of fatalities had increased to 15 young drivers and the number of severely injured had decreased. Young drivers are also more frequently the causers of traffic accidents in comparison to drivers of other age groups.
64 Graph 36: Age histogram of fatal accidents causers (concerning their traffic accidents frequency)
The highest coefficient of frequency of traffic accidents (B category drivers) is between 19 and 25 years. It is 3,61 which means that the risk for the drivers of this category is 3,6 times higher as is its statistical probability of occurrence in the population of all drivers of the B category. Or to put it differently: the probability for a B category driver, aged between 19 and 25, to cause the fatal traffic accident is almost 4 times higher as the probability that a B category driver, aged 30 and 39 causes it.
Table 5: Fatal accidents causers according to age group (considering all traffic accidents)
Age Number %
from 14,0 to 15,9 2 1
from 16,0 to 17,9 3 1
from 18,0 to 19,9 12 5
from 20,0 to 21,9 13 5
from 22,0 to 23,9 21 9
from 24,0 to 25,9 10 4
from 26,0 to 29,9 34 14
from 30,0 to 39,9 48 20
from 40,0 to 49,9 39 16
from 50,0 to 59,9 28 11
from 60,0 to 69,9 19 8
from 70,0 to 79,9 11 4 from 80,0 to 84,9 3 1
85 and more 2 1
In comparison to 1,200.000 drivers in Slovenia, the ratio of young drivers (aged between 19 and 25, namely 12,000) is only 1%. Their share of fatal traffic accidents is 18% (44:245).
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to reduce the number of severe and minor injuries among young drivers by 50%
• traffic education which begins in schools and continues over the preparation and passing the licenses for a bike, moped, motorbike and personal vehicle ACTIVITIES • preventive campaigns for young drivers • legislative solutions which define special period where the young drivers as already participants in traffic must additionally gain the insight to their knowledge or obtained skills
INDICATORS • the most relevant indicator is the quantity of traffic accidents considering the driver’s age • parents, educators in kindergartens (family and pre-school education), parents, teachers (family and school education), OPERATORS public media (formation of public opinion), driving schools (direct driver training), Police (control and preventive campaigns), Council for the prevention and road safety education (preventive campaigns) 65 Elderly drivers
The Resolution of the National Road Safety Program focuses population in Slovenia had 16,8% of population over the age also on the elderly participants in road traffic, not only the of 65 in 2011 and is considered as very old. According to the elderly pedestrians and cyclists as especially vulnerable group, projection Europop2008 the trend of the growth of the ratio but also on the elderly drivers and on the search of optimum of elderly population will continue (table 5). In 2020, one in connection between the need for mobility and safety and the five inhabitants will be older than 65 and in 2050 one in three right of an individual to access to all social available goods. inhabitants will be older than 65. 12% of population will be The strategy of ‘active aging’ is included into this initiative. The older than 80 years.
Table 6: Population projection by 2050
Age group All ≤14 years 15-64 years ≥65 years ≥70 years ≥80 years
Year 2008
Number 2.022.644 280.865 1416.458 325.321 227.056 71.176
Share (%) 13,9 70,0 16,1 11,2 3,5 Year 2009
Number 2.028.743 280.993 1.415.454 332.296 232.397 75.448
Share (%) 13,8 69,8 16,4 11,4 3,7 Year 2010
Number 2.034.222 281.653 1.414.418 338151 237.983 79.619
Share (%) 13,8 69,5 16,6 11,7 3,9 Year 2020
Number 2.058.003 291.580 1.346.206 420.217 285.068 111.320
Share (%) 14,2 65,4 20,4 13,8 5,4 Year 2030
Number 2.022.874 258.510 1.252.831 511533 374.136 135.116
Share (%) 12,8 61,9 25,3 18,5 6,7 Year 2050
Number 1.878.003 239.902 1.027.671 610.430 472.978 224641
Share (%) 12,8 54,7 32,5 25,2 12,0
Source: Statistical Office of the Republic of Slovenia
In 2011, in Slovenia there were 1,356.220 valid driver’s licenses licenses and a higher share of active senior drivers in road of B category, among which drivers older than 65 years had traffic. The consequence of the fact that the number of female 183,870 or 13,6%. 53,3% of population, older than 65 years have drivers is increasing, is that they live longer than men and that the driver’s license. the number of female drivers will be high among senior drivers. If we compare this number with the numbers from the We can expect as well a higher ratio of driver’s license owners previous decades we can establish that in 1995 the ratio of the among the seniors above 80. drivers license owners among the population ≥65 years was 15,14%, in 2000 it was 22,02% and in 2004 it was 29,38%. In 2011, 70% of population in the age group 65-69 had the driver’s license, 38% in the age group 80-84, 15% in the age The demographic changes contribute to a higher share of group above 90. elderly population, to a higher share of owners of driving
66 Graph 37: The number of seniors and The number of valid driver’s licenses (B category) in Slovenia in 2011 according to age groups
The graph above shows the number of seniors and the number of valid driver’s licenses in Slovenia. We can establish that the number is decreasing according to a higher age and the proportion between the two curves is decreasing.
The number of fatalities among senior drivers is joining the trend of drop of traffic fatalities in Slovenia between 2001 and 2010. The absolute number of minor and severe traffic accidents injuries in increasing.
Graph 38: The ratio between the number of owners of the valid B category driver’s license and The number of seniors according to age groups in 2011 in Slovenia
The graph shows the ratio between the owners of driver’s licenses and the number of seniors according to age group in 2011. The ratio is decreasing according to a higher age from 71% of owners of driver’s licenses in the age group from 65 to 69 to 12% of owners of driver’s licenses in the age group 90 and more.
The extremely numerous generation born after the 2nd which are important for a safe journey. The diseases and injuries world war (age group ≥65 or 65+) coincides with the period contribute to a decrease of the physical and mental health. A this National Program deals with. When the share of elderly higher number of diseases or disease states and consequently citizens (≥65) increases to 25% which will happen in Slovenia in regular medical treatments with different kinds of medicines is the twenties of this century (table 5) we need to consider the characteristic for older life periods. change (from the traffic safety view) of traffic infrastructure, the signalization which is senior friendly, the road management On the other side, senior drivers have a lot of experience. The and the general calming down the traffic but also assuring study of the American Automobile Association, AAA) shown that this facts are already real. That’s why the information that the drivers in their late 50s and in the beginning of 60s collection on the necessary adjustment of the infrastructure, are among the safest drivers. At the later age, especially after construction and road markings are the necessary component retirement, their driving skills deteriorate drastically. The of the present plans. probability that the drivers over the age of 75 will die in the traffic accident is four times higher than risk of the middle aged Aging, from the individual’s point of view, means the decline driver. This possibility increases by 50% among the drivers over of the life power, the decrease of the psychophysical abilities 85 years of age.
67 Graph 39: The number of fatalities among senior drivers from 2001 to 2011 with the objective by 2022
The number of fatalities among senior drivers of motor vehicles has decreased by half in the last decade (from 16 in 2001 to 8 in 2010). In 2011, the number of fatalities increased to 10. According to the objective of the National program, there shouldn’t be more than 5 fatalities among senior drivers by 2022.
Graph 40: Severe injuries and fatalities among senior drivers between 2001 and 2011
The number of severe injuries among senior drivers in the period from 2001 has increased exponentially in spite of the fact that we monitor a decrease of the number of severe injuries. In 2011, there were 33 severe injuries. The number of fatalities has been exponentially decreasing as in 2011 there were 10 fatalities among senior drivers. .
A greater threat is also the consequence of the fact that the senior drivers are more fragile, vulnerable and new injuries are (due to the existing medical state) harder to heal and the rehabilitation is longer and less successful as with the younger drivers.
Graph 41: Cause of traffic accidents (>64)
In 2011, the main cause for traffic accidents which were caused by senior drivers was vehicle movements (30%) and not following the right of way rule (28%). Only 8% of traffic accidents happened due to the excessive speed.
68 The number of fatalities aged over 65 years of age places needed which include them and which are adjusted to the Slovenia towards the bottom (19 fatalities per million needs of the individual and are affordable. inhabitants) among EU Member States. Great Britain proves Diseases and its changes, the use of different medicines at the that with 8 fatalities per million inhabitants this number can same time, namely the factors which occur more frequently at be reduced. an older age, increase the risk for elderly people to cause the The latest studies confirm the meaning of maintaining good traffic accident. Consecutively, the causes for the occurrence of physical and psychical condition, motivation for driving (a traffic accidents which are cause by elderly drivers are: vehicle good driver must drive at least 4,000 km per year regardless movement (30%), not following the right of way rule (28%), the age), study as the answer towards the aging and adjusting incorrect driving direction (15%), inadequate safety distance to the new technological changes. Promotion, adjustment and (10%), incorrect overtaking (3%; graph 41) which is essentially the use of passive and active safety is needed which is being different from the sequence we see with young drivers, where introduced by new gear of vehicles. Also the promotion of the the excessive speed (34%) is on the first place, followed by the need for renewal and supplementation of skills, the execution incorrect driving direction (33%) and not following the right of of the adjusted safe driving programs for senior drivers is way rule (14%).
The main objective:
TO ASSURE A HIGHER MOBILITY AND SAFETY FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to contribute as much as possible to the mobility of seniors and at the same time to take care of their safety OBJECTIVES • to contribute to a positive point of view towards seniors, especially senior drivers • to contribute to a bigger traffic calming and tolerance between the road traffic participants
• the analysis of the safety state of senior participants in road traffic • the monitoring of the consequences of traffic accidents (number of fatalities, severe and minor injuries in traffic accidents) • collection of the information on roads which are senior friendly, on the behavior and on the habits of elderly drivers and possible alternative transfers • preparation and execution of the programs for the education and preservation of skills of elderly drivers ACTIVITIES • motivation of the elderly for the communication and acquiring knowledge and adjusting the behavior • preparation of the collection of the integrated information for elderly drivers and the drivers who use medicine in connection to the recommendation for safe driving and requirements of the traffic legislation • intensive integration of the physicians of the family medicine, reference clinic and its preventive work into the issues of the road traffic • educational workshops for professionals (healthcare workers, employees in safe driving schools, other professionals in the field of traffic safety, volunteers)
• to diminish the consequences of traffic accidents (number of fatalities, major and minor injuries among the citizens in INDICATORS this age group) among the senior participants in road traffic • realized products: brochures, publications, contributions on web pages, professional meetings, media events • the results of the questionnaire on the satisfaction of elderly participants in road traffic
• Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Ministry of Health, Institute for health insurance (CINDI), Ministry of Finance, Department OPERATORS of family medicine, NGO (FORTOX - Association for the development of forensic toxicology, ZDUS - Federation of the Pensioners’ Association), Slovenian Philanthropy, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning, Faculty of Civil and Geodetic Engineering
69 RAILWAY CROSSINGS
The issues of the traffic safety on level railway crossings are consequences for individuals and for the society as a whole. connected especially with the not following of the traffic rules The majority of these are the passively secured level railway and in some cases with the lack of culture and audacity of road crossings on categorized and uncategorized local roads which traffic participants. intersect the railway which is usually marked only with the crossbuck. The consequences of this kind of behavior are often the traffic accidents on level railway crossings which have severe The main objective:
TO DECREASE THE NUMBER OF FATALITIES AND SEVERELY INJURED ON LEVEL RAILWAY CROSSINGS BY 50% OR NO FATALITIES BY 2022 AND THE NUMBER OF SEVERELY INJURED SHOULD NOT EXCEED 5 PARTICIPANTS
The number of level crossings is slowly decreasing, the same goes for the number of traffic accidents, but the number of fatalities and injured sadly stays behind the trend.
Table 7: The number of level crossings (passively secured) from 2000 to 2011
December 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
No. of level crossings 1018 1006 988 976 974 972 966 944 932 913 888 840
% of level crossings with 71% 69% 67% 67% 67% 66% 66% 65% 64% 63% 62% 60% crossbuck
Number of level crossings 725 691 661 651 648 638 637 610 599 573 549 505 with crossbuck
Graph 42: The number of fatalities on level railway crossings between 2001 and 2011 with the objective by 2022
The number of fatalities on level railway crossings has fluctuated in the last decade. In 2001, there were 16 fatalities and in 2010, there were 10. In 2011, 2 persons died on level crossings which indicated the improvement, but the traffic accidents on level crossings are very specific and the number of fatalities fluctuates from year to year. The objective in 2022 is not to have any fatalities at level railway crossings.
70 Table 8: Traffic accidents on level crossings
Traffic accidents Consequences
level crossing level crossing level crossing level pedestrian level year - automatic - light - manual crossing - fatalities injuries crossing crossing -∑ crossing gate signalization crossing gate cross buck
1995 15 3 0 46 0 64 15 24
1996 8 1 0 50 0 59 11 28
1997 12 5 0 41 0 58 12 17
1998 8 1 0 36 1 46 13 19
1999 12 1 0 32 2 47 17 42
2000 8 1 0 28 1 38 5 19
2001 7 2 2 31 0 42 16 13
2002 6 2 0 22 1 31 5 11
2003 6 1 0 28 0 35 5 7
2004 11 1 0 20 0 32 4 6
2005 2 2 0 26 0 30 4 15
2006 13 3 1 24 0 41 9 9
2007 7 1 0 24 0 32 10 20
2008 6 3 1 25 0 34 4 20
2009 9 2 0 18 0 29 7 14
2010 5 0 1 22 0 28 10 10
2011 4 0 1 18 0 23 2 9
∑ 139 29 6 491 5 669 149 283
The statistics in this area is not encouraging, so in order to really decrease the number of fatalities on level crossings, we need to actively participate within the following fields: ••to decrease the number of level railway crossings ••to manage the remaining level crossings in accordance with the regulations and conditions for the safety (road and railway transport) ••to educate the participants in road traffic ••to control the traffic rules and road traffic behavior In the national strategic plans we already included the fact connecting roads, to increase the control on crossings where a to diminish the number of level crossings. This can be done higher number of traffic accidents occur). to unite the nearby crossings and with connecting roads The issue of accidents on level crossings is present especially shift the traffic on those level crossings which are regulated in a low consciousness and responsibility of people when in accordance with the regulations, or to the bridges and crossing the level crossings and not following the traffic underpasses. For this purpose, the Board of Commissioners signalization. was formed in order to treat and to suggest solutions which are in accordance with the regulations and which correspond The actively secured level crossings represent a higher level to the users. of safety in road traffic, but the participants in road traffic underestimate the danger. Considering the approximate ratio At level railway crossings we need to defend the long-term 1 : 3,5 (actively secured : passively secured level crossings), Zero Vision, namely a positive and responsible relation to the the ratio of fatalities is only 1 : 2 (fatalities on actively secured creators and participants of road traffic and railway system, : fatalities on passively secured level crossings). The ratio of which are (with their wholesome activities and acting) obliged injuries is 1 : 3,1 (injured on actively secured crossings : injured to prevent the worst consequences of traffic accidents and on passively secured level crossings). to assure a safe long-term objective: zero fatalities and zero severely injured due to traffic accidents on level crossings. Vision Zero obliges (beside the state authorities and organizations) also self-governing local communities where this issues are very much present. The highest number of passively secured level crossings is on local roads (212) and on some non categorized public ways (351), namely on roads which are managed by the local communities. In connection to this, individual measures must immediately be assured (to set traffic signalization, to assure the visible space, the measures for calming down the traffic, the arrangement of
71 Table 9: The review of the fatalities and injured in traffic accidents on level crossings between 1991 and 2010 inclusively
Method of secured level crossings Fatalities Injuries Fatalities Injuries
Level crossings secured with automatic half barrier 50 49
level crossings secured with automatic road 66 84 signals 10 25
Period from 1991 to 31st October 2010 inclusively level crossings secured with mechanical barrier 6 10
passively secured level crossings marked with cross bucks 127 263 127 263
pedestrian level crossings 3 2
We can talk about a satisfying level of safety on level crossings adequate signalization, visibility and small density of road and when these will be regulated with regulations and equipped railway traffic). Level crossings, which will be abolished, will be with safety device and barriers. The passively secured level redirected on regulated crossings – on secured crossings or crossings will have assured road and railway traffic (especially bridges and underpasses.
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to decrease the number of traffic accidents on level railway crossings by 50% OBJECTIVES • to regulate and to secure all level crossings • to decrease the number of passively secured level crossings (10 crossings per year) and to regulate at least 5 (which are related to the construction outside of level crossings)
• the analysis and the preventive campaigns in cooperation with the self-governing local communities and driving schools and to increase the consciousness and the responsibility of road traffic participants at level crossings and respecting the traffic signalization • to carry out the preventive media campaigns which increase the consciousness and the responsibility of individuals at level crossings and respecting the traffic legislation and signalization (emphasis is on the areas which have numerous passively secured level railway crossings) • to abolish the irregularities and deficiencies in connection to the carriageway, traffic signalization and visibility on level crossings which were identified when implementing the regular national roads inspection control • to rise the quality and quantity of the target oriented control over the respect for traffic signalization in the field of level crossings ACTIVITIES • to place the additional contents on the level crossing into the driving school programs, especially for drivers of motorcycles, personal vehicles, buses and freight vehicles • to make the manual on driver’s behavior on level crossings • to support the communities which have level crossings when educating and raising awareness of the local population • to encourage the road managers and railway infrastructure to set up the statutory requirements for the regularity of level crossings and to reduce the number of level railway crossings • to encourage the road and railway infrastructure managers to improve the traffic safety on level crossings (to improve the traffic signalization and visibility at the passively secured level crossings and to manage the carriageways on roads and level crossings and to realize the measures for calming down the traffic in front of the level crossings) • to study new, namely higher penalties for not following the traffic signalizations at actively secured level crossings, especially in the case of damaged barriers
• the number of incidents on level crossings and its analysis • the number of fatalities and severely injured on level crossings (secured and non secured) • the analysis and the definition of critical level crossings and the set up system for the elimination of black spots INDICATORS • the number of realized measures of road and railway infrastructure managers • realization of the prevention activities • the number of the realized measures of the supervisory authorities • the number of managed and secured level railway crossings
• Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency, Slovenian Railways, Ministry of Infrastructure and Spatial Planning (Transport OPERATORS Directorate, DRSC – Slovenian Motorway Company, Transport Inspectorate), Police, Community of Municipalities, Association of drivers and auto mechanics, AMZS (Automobile Association of Slovenia)
72 NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS
The politics is sometimes still avoiding the direct dialog with which needs to be carried out professionally, planned and thus the NGOs. In the future, the communication will need to be the National Program is realized. The make-over of the actions established. Consecutively, the conditions for the actual of the civil society is thus necessary in order to realize the inclusion of NGOs in the social life will be gradually set. mission of the widest social control. Otherwise, the National The traffic safety is an important factor of quality of living and Program won’t be of any use and there will be no higher safety it refers to all citizens and each and every one of them. Today and traffic culture. the activity of a great number of representatives of NGOs A successful realization of the basic and other preventive (volunteers) is the foundation of the majority of the preventive activities in the field is closely linked (or even dependent on) activities and tomorrow this will be almost absolutely the to the actions of the NGOs and its volunteers who assure with field of NGOs which will be organized in a way to employ their work a direct transfer of contents to different groups and professionals and to train its membership – volunteers to individuals. measure up to the tasks and mission. In spite of the extensive activities of the NGOs and its volunteers, In the future, the system of co financing the activities of the no systematic monitoring and work recording was assured NGOs will mostly rely on the different actions within the until now which the NGOs realize in a wider public interest. public interest including the responsibility takeover for the This disables the qualitative and quantitative evaluation of its accomplished work. The preventive activities for the assurance work. Consecutively, the activities planning of the NGOs are of a bigger traffic safety is the typical mass public interest work difficult, especially when forming the marginal plans. In the traffic safety field, where the daily politics is subordinated to close objectives very often, the role of the NGOs is necessary to reach two important elements: ••long-term (strategic) actions ••multiplicity actions
The basis of the improvement of traffic safety in the long run to put them in the position to take the responsibility. We don’t is the everyday influence on the changes of the individual’s have the complete data on the volunteers’ work in the field of relation to the issues of the citizen’s safety and consecutively traffic safety. With the adoption of the Law on voluntarism (OG the safety of others. This is mainly the task of NGOs which realize No. 10/11 and 16/11 – corr.) the basis was set to record keeping the preventive activities as its mission towards the society as a on the extent and the type of volunteer work which enables whole. The society must recognize these kinds of organizations also its material evaluation. and trust them with a role of operators on different fields and
ACTIONS MEASURES
• to increase the multiplicity when including the volunteers in the activities for a bigger traffic safety • to have the safety issues on the level of the individual (all for safety – safety for all) • to rise the success rate of all preventive activities (pedestrians, cyclists, safety belt, speed and other) OBJECTIVES • the mass integration and professional education of volunteers when realizing the preventive activities • the construction of the social network for the prevention • to achieve and maintain the long-term system of co financing the NGOs which function directly on the realization of the preventive activities and the National Program
• to form and carry out the system of the operational training of individuals for cooperation in preventive activities and to include the volunteers as much as possible • to present the activities of the NGOs which function within the public interest • to present the volunteerism as a basis when realizing the preventive activities ACTIVITIES • to train the volunteers for cooperation within the preventive activities • to raise awareness of all participants, especially the pedestrians and the young concerning the traffic safety • to unify the equipment and signs of active participants (volunteers) when realizing the preventive activities in the direct traffic • to unify the form and contents of monitoring, records and reports on the work of volunteers when carrying out the preventive activities and to harmonize with the future contents on the Law on volunteerism
• to monitor the number growth of the volunteers as activists for a bigger traffic safety • to monitor the events where there is the direct communication with citizens concerning the number of participants INDICATORS and their quick response • to monitor the reports on the work of volunteers in individual campaigns and the review of the influence of the volunteerism concerning the success of each campaign • the integral reports of all NGOs with numerous data and material evaluation OPERATORS • Association of drivers and auto mechanics, AMZS (Automobile Association of Slovenia), Foundation Z glavo na zabavo
73 SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE AND OTHER COMPANIES IN THE FIELD OF ROAD TRAFFIC
In the modern society, where the majority of companies work The latter together with the safety are the construction to in the global environment, the reliability and safe traffic is one create the network of socially responsible companies. of the conditions for a successful business and development. Safety, ecologic acceptability, speed and reliability are For the companies which are defined as socially responsible important on the micro level when we talk about coming in the field of road traffic, it applies that they have a mobility to work and leaving the work, about the goods and people plan, that they use environmentally friendly transport means transfer to carry out the working process and at the same and vehicles which correspond to the modern requirements time on all higher levels about global transport of people and of ecology and safety to incorporate in their business plans the goods. The challenge of a bigger road traffic safety requires formation of the appropriate relation towards the key factors changes in thinking and work of all subjects who form the of the risk in traffic (speed, alcohol, use of protection gear and traffic system and also those who create the need for transfers. equipment) and encourages with material and moral awards Road traffic connects numerous subjects who have the direct the appropriate behavior. The special responsibility have the or indirect influence on its efficiency and safety. companies and the individuals who carry out the transport services, namely those who need to cooperate in road traffic The realization of the Vision Zero in this field means that each and to carry out its core business. The latter must incorporate in its every business entity makes an analysis of its own traffic cases business the key elements to assure the safety from the careful and makes the strategy for the development of the company planning of transport to the vehicle care and of course the which will assure its development and competitiveness and at efficient and safe traffic cooperation. the same time encourage the environmental friendly transfers.
ACTIONS MEASURES
OBJECTIVES • to reduce by 50% the number of traffic accident fatalities during work hours • to prepare and to adopt the mobility plan of companies • to include the safety elements and the environmentally friendly means of transport within the business processes of the company • the material and moral reward of the employees for a safer and environmentally friendly cooperation in transport ACTIVITIES • to prepare the measures and the signature of the European Road Safety Charter • to encourage the permanent and planned organization of contents and work method in socially responsible organizations and companies • to encourage the incorporation of the organizations and companies among the signatories of the European Road Safety Charter
INDICATORS • the number of organizations with the mobility plan • the number of organizations and companies which are the signatories of the European Road Safety Charter
OPERATORS • Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency
74 FINANCING
The financial means, which are needed to implement the the priority meaning. In order to assure the realization of the national program, are evaluated by orientation and represent objectives and the implementation of the measures, the road the guidelines to the ministries, agencies and jobs in order traffic safety must become the economic category. to plan the budget and to give an appropriate percentage of means to the realization of the National Program. The ministries and the bodies which are responsible for the individual areas assure the financial means for the realization Numerous activities in cooperation with the suggested of the program on yearly basis (the means are divided in measures for the realization of the program at ministries are proportion to the competences or equally; the financing of the already being implemented or are planned. The purpose activities is conducted mostly directly). of the National Program is to emphasize the necessity of the connection and coordination and a closer cooperation The evaluation of the operation of the NGOs when carrying among competent authorities. The line ministries, organs, out the National Program represents a unique problem. On organizations and public agencies plan (in order to realize one side, we don’t have the evaluation foundation (general the measures from 3013 to 2021) an adequate financial assets public interest work, specific public interest work, work within its financial plans. If there are more line organs for a monitoring and reporting, evaluation elements…). On the certain activity or if the activities are of general or common other side, a lot of activities run in the line of inertia from the nature (project work), the expenses are divided as it is agreed. previous period but without the foundations in the present period. The financial dimension of the work of NGOs within the When carrying out specific activities (preventive campaigns), public interest in the field of traffic safety cannot be calculated besides assuring the means from the funds and with the without the known extent and the unified evaluation of the cooperation of economic subjects and insurance organizations. elements. Nevertheless, the work and the extent of the NGOs In accordance with the priority measures for its encourage the are of priceless meaning. The implementation of the National effectiveness of the budgetary means need to be raised, legal Program will influence the yearly increase of the acquiring and economic mechanisms need to be enforced in order to volunteers and their education for the direct field work and assure the sustainable degree of traffic safety which will follow occasional additional education of all volunteers. The value the vision, objectives and measures of the National Program. of the work is not included in the mentioned amount, but it depends on the number of volunteers and the extent of their Due to the restrictive fiscal politics, the economic instruments education. for the carrying out the road traffic safety measures, is acquiring
75 THE REALIZATION AND THE EVALUATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM
The realization of the objectives of the National Program needs road traffic fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants and the fatalities to be modified and evaluated constantly and the actions need per million driven kilometers. to be adjusted to new scientific and professional recognitions and experiences concerning the effectiveness of the individual SPECIAL INDICATORS: these indicators are mostly the measures. individual groups of participants in road traffic; the young in road traffic – data on the fatalities and severely injured; The National Program offers basic strategic orientations to motorcycles drivers – we distinguish two subgroups: assure a higher road traffic safety in Slovenia. These have the motorcycle drivers and moped drivers; data on the number of basis on the rough analysis of the traffic safety conditions and fatalities and severely injured, data on the number of fatalities mostly on the choice of the so called ‘successful strategies among passengers on motorcycles, the use of helmet among and measures’ which the EU Member States recommend motorcyclists; pedestrians – data on the number of fatalities (they have the satisfactory traffic safety). On the other side, and severely injured pedestrians and the use of reflective the unpredictable change of traffic conditions (the issue of material for pedestrians – data on the number of fatalities motorcyclists’ safety) require a toll in order to: and severely injured cyclists and the use of protection helmet for cyclists; seniors in road traffic – data on the number of a) measure the negative consequences of the road traffic and fatalities and severely injured. the comparison of the traffic safety development in the EU b) monitor the achievements of the objectives and the BEHAVIORAL INDICATOR: these are summarized after the effectiveness of the set strategy and measures methodology of SafetyNet and are of the main importance for the traffic safety; speed – to establish the average speed, This will be enabled by the indicators of the traffic safety which the number of vehicles with excessive speed by 10 km/h, the the European Institutions recommend on the national level type of the road and vehicle, the day of the week and hour; and are the basis for the monitoring of the EU traffic safety alcohol and drugs – the number of fatalities and injured development. among alcohol and illicit drug users as a secondary reason, the In the charts, the selected indicators of success or effectiveness ratio of the drivers under the influence of alcohol in road traffic; are presented. These reflect the operational conditions of the the use of the safety belt – the ratio of the use of the safety road traffic system which influence the traffic safety level. The belt in the vehicle in front and back seats, the use of safety chosen indicators form the basic platform for the analytical belt regarding the gender, the road type and the region; the monitoring of conditions of the traffic safety on the strategic use of a child safety belt – the ratio of the use of the safety level. seat belt with older and younger children and the use of the restraining systems; the care after the traffic accident – we They are divided on the indicators of the traffic safety level count the number of emergency departments, the number of and on the indicators of the effectiveness of the strategies and employees which are qualified to give first aid at emergency measures, ranging from general to special. The calculating of departments, the number of ambulances and the average the indicators has the basis on the measurements and data reaction time processing.
GENERAL INDICATORS: the indicator of risk in road traffic; the data on the road traffic fatalities per million inhabitants, the
GENERAL INDICATORS
• fatalities per million inhabitants Road traffic risk • fatalities per 100,000 inhabitants • fatalities per million driven kilometres
SPECIAL INDICATORS
Risk for young in road traffic • ratio of fatalities and severely injured in road traffic among the population between 15 and 24 years of age
Risk for drivers of motorcycles and mopeds • ratio of fatalities and severely injured motorcyclists in road traffic
Risk for pedestrians • ratio of fatalities and severely injured pedestrians in road traffic
Risk for cyclists • ratio of the use of reflective material among pedestrians
Risk for seniors in road traffic • pedestrians according to the age groups and gender
76 BEHAVIORAL INDICATORS
• ratio of fatalities and severely injured in traffic accidents – alcohol as a secondary reason • average speed Speed • variance of speed • ratio of vehicles which exceed the speed by 10% • road and vehicle type • day in a week and hour
• ratio of fatalities and severely injured in traffic accidents due to alcohol Alcohol and drugs • ratio of severely injured in traffic accidents due to alcohol • ratio of drivers under the influence of alcohol in road traffic • ratio of fatalities and injured in traffic accidents due to illicit drugs
• ratio of the use of safety belt in front/back Use of safety belt • ratio of the use of safety belt regarding the gender • ratio of the use of safety belt regarding the road type • ratio of the use of safety belt regarding the region.
Use of child safety belt • ratio of the use of child safety belt • use of restraining systems
• number of emergency departments • number of employees which are qualified to give first aid at emergency Emergency aid departments • number of emergency vehicles • average reaction time
The measurement of the effectiveness of measures for a bigger unified methodology and planned on the periods which will traffic safety is realized in the EU Member States not only on the assure the success in the future and at the same time guide us strategic but also on the local levels and within larger transport towards the set strategic guidelines. The time framed process associations which need to be promoted also in Slovenia. will enable the periodic evaluation in accordance with the set The process of carrying out the National Program considers measures and will assure the comparison of the results with the need for the sustainability and is planned regarding the the results of the previous periods.
Strategically, the National Program is divided onto 5 periods which are complemented by a 2 year periodic plan with a unified methodology: ••the first period (2013 and 2014) represents the beginning of the realization of measures and the effort to balance the system of the planned activities ••the second period (2015 and 2016) will enable the realization of traffic safety measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the program ••the third period (2017 and 2018) will also enable the realization of traffic safety measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the program ••the fourth period (2019 and 2020) will also enable the realization of traffic safety measures and the evaluation of the effectiveness of the program ••the fifth period (2021 and 2022) will enable the continuation of the realization of the traffic safety measures and the comparison of the results with the results from the previous action plans. With these time frames we will be able to achieve the continuous monitoring of the current situation on the road to the set objectives and strategies. With every evaluation of the program we will acquire the adequate information to decide how to proceed in accordance with the achieved progress regarding the set orientations.
The evaluated measures (operational, organizational, content associations, professional organizations, economic societies). related and financial) according to periodic plans will The National Assembly and the Board of Directors carry out consecutively lead to the improvement of the road traffic the control over the realization of these plans. safety. A feature shared of timely divided but continuous periodic plans is a strategic, systematic, targeted and planned The successful traffic safety programs are important due to the realization of the National Program with clearly set objectives in long-term and unified methodology, different periodic plans an effort to improve safety. The periodic plans will be prepared and the evaluation of its effectiveness. A professional basis is and timely coordinated with the established methodologies of required for the successful program which will help to gain a the realization of yearly work plans of state authorities and with wide social support for the realization of the measures on the the methodologies and deadlines of the financial planning. national and local level.
The professional services of the Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency and state authorities are responsible for the preparation of the periodic plans together with civil initiative (NGOs, civil
77 THE PLAN AND THE STRATEGY OF INFORMATION DISSEMINATION
The main objective:
TO PROVIDE INFORMATION TO A WIDER PROFESSIONAL AND GENERAL PUBLIC
The next objective is to publish the news from the wider area it is important to monitor and inform the innovations and of the traffic safety which includes the informing of the EU experiences from other European states. entities, especially from the research and development point In the frame of the strategies of the information spread, of view. An important objective is also the improvement of the channels need to be chosen, according to which the communication and cooperation between the groups of information and methods would spread for a targeted group experts who work within the similar research and other projects of people. For the effective information spread an appropriate and to assure the overview of all projects which are carried target public is chosen and the accurate evaluation which out within the traffic safety. With this strategy the attention information to mediate to which defined group of people – and the consciousness of the public, of the professional and general public, private and industrial sector, economists, civil political community will be increased and consecutively the initiative, research community within regions (EU, foreign possibility for the active cooperation of substantive solutions countries). in the field of traffic safety and the basis for the change and Beside the channels and the target public, the effective acceptance of the improved legislation with a wide public methods need to be chosen, namely ‘pull’ or ‘push’ method. support. With the active ‘push’ method the information is distributed and expanded target oriented. With the passive ‘push’ Within the frame of the strategy of the information spread, the method, the expansion of information is for wider public, for technical, economic, social, political, legal and organizational example through web pages. As a second possibility there is subjects and solutions need to be considered. The focus is ‘pull’ method, namely the purchase of the advertising space mainly on the privacy and the data protection in connection in media and the information spread through the contact list to the traffic safety from the ITS technology’s reliability (journalists). point of view of traffic control and monitoring. Beside this, Here, we can classify mainly:
To set up web portal The web portal is set up mainly in order to inform and spread information and interactive communication in the field of traffic safety, especially from the technical progress and the process of standardization of traffic contents. The platform will contribute to the instruction of the present research projects. Especially, the acquaintance with the projects and the data collection concerning the traffic and traffic safety is of key importance for the optimum acquaintance of the interested ones, the possibility to set the synergistic effect and to prevent the projects duplication. On the same web portal, namely platform, the dates of the individual campaigns will be published.
to SET UP THE WEB NEWSPAPER The web newspaper will be designed and published twice a year including the information and the achievements of the traffic safety. Beside that the news on the modernization of the traffic control systems, legislation and also previous actions and foreign news will be published. The most important events of the traffic safety will be published in the web newspaper.
THE ORGANIZATION OF THE WORKSHOPS AND CONFERENCES We will prepare and organize the conferences where the professionals, scientists and other key individuals (politics, economists) participate. At the same time they need to be available to the wider public and the reports need to be public.
PRESENTATIONS These are organized with a purpose of the support when spreading the information and as a means to attire people to support the projects and other events.
REPORT AND PROFESSIONAL ARTICLES It is important that the professional public as well as the wider public are informed about the latest discussions, findings and plans of the traffic safety, that’s why it is important to encourage the professionals and other key persons to write the articles and to publish them in professional and other publications.
TO FOLLOW THE MEDIA AND TO SPREAD THE INFORMATION THROUGH THE CONTACTS LIST In this case, the use of media is two-way, namely as a source of information and as a channel to spread information. We monitor the media posts from the field of traffic safety and at the same time we spread the information concerning the organization of important institutions, research projects and innovations.
It is important that with the methods of communication, namely spreading the key information, that we approach it actively by searching for appropriate channels and at the same time we need to be in the course of time and search the key information in different ways. 78 THE RESOLUTION ON THE NATIONAL ROAD SAFETY Program FOR THE PERIOD 2013-2022
Edited and punlished by: Slovenian Traffic Safety Agency (JAVNA AGENCIJA REPUBLIKE SLOVENIJE ZA VARNOST PROMETA) mapa_NPVCP_tisk_1.pdf 1 7.12.2011 11:05:11
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