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UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII RESEA.RCH PUBLICATION No.5 A Survey of Livestock in Hawaii BY L. A. HENKE AUGUST, 1929 PubUshed by the University of Hawaii Honolulu • Ali TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTION ONE Page Horses in Hawaii __ __ __ __ __ _...... 5 First horses to Hawaii _ __ _._._._ _._ ._ -- - ----.-............ 5 Too many horses in 1854 _.. __ __ ._ __ _. 5 Thoroughbred horse presented to Emperor of Japan.-_ _...... 6 Arabian horses imported in 1884 _.. _ _._ __ .. ____- --... 6 Horse racing in Honolulu fifty years ago -- .. -..- -.- ---..- -... 6 Horse racing at Waimanalo _._._ __ _._ ___.. _ '-'-" ..".""'-.' 6 Some men who fostered horse raising in early· days................................ 6 Some early famous horses _ _._ ___ _..... 6 Horner ranch importations _ __ __ .__ ____.. _.. '.".'_'.. ".""'."." 7 Ranches raising light horses __ --............. 8 Some winners at recent I-Iawaii fairs .. ___ _._................................. 8 I-Ieavy horses and nlules __ ___ _._ _................................ 8 Cattle in Hawaii ___-- _. __ .. _._................... 8 First cattle in Hawaii _ __ .. _ __ ._. ___- -.......... 8 First cattle were longhorns _ _._ _ __ ____ _..... 9 Angus cattle _ _. __ __..__ -.. _._ _._ .. __ _. 9 Ayrshire cattle.. -- __ ________.._ __ _._._._._........... 11 Brown Swiss cattle ___ __ _.. _____.. _..... 11 Devo,n cattle __ __ ___.. __ _ __ 11 Dexter cattle __ ___ _...................... 12 Dutch Belted cattle _ __ ._._ .. __ .. _ __ _................ 12 Hereford cattle .. __ __ __ __ _.............................. 12 Holsteil1 cattle --_____ __ 14 Shorthorn cattle --_____ _._ .. __ _____ 15 Sheep and Goats in I-Iawaii _ __ _._ ._ _ _._ _ 16 First sheep introduced __.. ___ __ 16 Report of l\1inister of Interior in 1845 ______ _._ _.. 16 Government sheep in 1845 _._ _ _ 16 Sheep situation in 1852 .. --_ _._ ___.. _.. __ 16 South Down sheep _._ __ _._ __ _ 17 Sheep ranch on Waimea Plains in 1856 _ __ _ 17 Saxon-lVlerino sheep introduced _______ 17 Merino sheep from Germany ._ ____ __ _.. _ 17 Gift of sheep from Emperor of France._ _.._ __ 17 Sheep to Niihau by British vessel __ __.. 18 Tunis sheep introduced -____ __ __ _.. 18 First goats to Hawaii ______..___ _.. 18 Swil1e in Hawaii _ -- -- -- -.- - 18 Go,vernmel1t hogs -- -- _. __ _ _....... 18 Hogs shipped to California in 1853 --_.. _._ 18 Berkshires in Hawaii in 1855 - -___ 19 iv'.. Page Government Cattle, Horses and Sheep . .. .. .. _ -'---". 19 Government sheep in 1845 .... ... _. ---_ ._._. __ .".. __ . 19 Cattle at Wailuku in 1845 . .. ._. .. .. .. __ .__ .__ . ... 19 Governtnent cattle at Waimea in 1847 . .. ._ .. .... .. 19 Offer of sale of cattle to Government in 1847 .... _. ..... _. __ .._.. __ .__ _._ .... 19 Care of Government cattle in 1848 . .. .. .__ .__ .. __ -.---- . 19 Use of Government horses requested . .. __ . .. _. .__ . .. .-.. 20 Request to purchase Government horses on Kauai . ._.. __ ..._... __ .. 20 Request to purchase Government cattle at Waimea ------- ._ .. _. .. __ .. 20 Sale of government cattle .._.. ... ... _. ._.. __ ..... ._ _.. _. __ ---. .._.. --._._ .. 20 Wild cattle rights leased in 1870 .. __ . .. ._. ....__ .. -._. .. 20 Mountain land leases much in demand .. .. .... .__ ... .. __ ._._._._ .. 20 Glimpses of Hawaii Cowboys, Ranches and Livestock Since 1793_ --.. 21 Wall to confine cattle built in Kona _ __ . ._. __ .. 21 Cowboys introduced .. __ .... .. ._. ...__ .._.._.. ._ .._.._..._.. 21 Longhorns on Oahu about 1840 .__ ._. __ .__ ._. .. __ ... ~--.--. __ .. 21 First beef exported .- ... _. .. __ . .. .. _..... .. .. .. _. .. 21 The grazing situation in 1851 ... .. ._. .. 22 Estimate of livestock in 1851 . .. .. ... ._ ... _. 22 Cattle industry of Hawaiian Islands in 1852 ._._ ._. .. .__ .._ 22 Cattle worth five dollars in 1853 __ __.. __ ._ _.. __ . ._. .. 23 Hawaiian beef for sale ._ .... __ .. __ ... .__ ...__ . .. _. ..._.... __ .__ 23 Bullock catchers .....-.- .. .... __ ._. ._. .. ... .... 23 Cattle hunting .-. .. ._._.. .. ... _. __ ._ .. __ -. __ .. __ . ..... .__ .__ .. .. 23 A cattle hunting camp . .. _. .__ .. _.. __ .. __ ._. .... __ .... .. ._. __ . .. .. 23 Longhorns on Kauai in 1860 . .. _. .. _._. .. .. .__ ._ ... 24 Tallow plant at Kawaihae . .- . ...._ _. ._ .. .__ .- .-.- ... _. 24 Many cattle on Oahu before annexation . .. __ ._. .... ... ._. __ . ._. 24 Livestock in Hawaii at different periods _._._. __ .. __ ... .. ... _.. __ . 24 Livestock exports from Hawaii before 1900 ._. ... _._ .. __ ..__ .. ._. 25 Cattle and sheep slaughtered in Honolulu ... __ .. __ . ._._ .. _. ._._._._._. .__ .... _. 25 Graziers' meeting in 1902 -.._.._ .. ._. __ ._ .. ..__ . ._. __ . 25 SECTION TW:O The Leading Beef Ranches -.. -- .. -.--... -----.-----.-- .. -.-------.---.- ..--.--.----.----. .. __ ._ .. _. ..... 26 Hawaii Greenwell Ranches .-.--------_.. -. __ ._._._ .. _. __ ..__ ._. .__ .. ._. __ ._ ..... .. _. 26 IIonokaa Sugar Company Ranch -.-.-- . .._.. .. .. ._ 27 Huehue Ranch .-... --..-.-.....-.--.-....-.. ----. ..__ .__ ._._._-.--.----... ------ __ . _. 28 Kaalualu Ranch ---.-.- .. -- .. -.-- .. -.- .. ---- ---.-_ .. _. __ ._--- --.-- ._. _.. 28 Kahua Ranch .-- ...-.. -.- .. --.- .. -.--.. -- .. -.-.---.. -.- .. -- -. __ .__ .__. .. .__ ._ 29 I(ahuku Ranch -.. -.- .. ----.- .. --------..-.-- -- .. ~ ..----.-.-..-----.---- ----- _ __ .__ .__ 30 Keauhou Ranch __ .. .. __ .__ . ... ..__ ..__ .__ ... __ -...- ---- ..-...__ .. _. 31 Keaau Ranch .. -.--- .. ---- ---.- --- ---.---.---.--.-.---- . .. .. __ .. _ _. 32 Kukaiatt Ranch -----.-- .. --- ..-.. --.-- .. -- ----------.. ---- ..---.----.---------.- __ .. __ .. .._ 33 l\1cWayne Ranch -- - --------.--.------------" __ ._ __ . .. __ .. _ -- ._. ._ 34 Olelomoana Ranch --.------- .. -.-----.-------- --- ... --.------.--.. --.--- .. _. __ _.. __ . 35 Kapapala Ranch -.--.-.-.---------.--.--- -- ..-.-.--.-.----. ..__ ..__ .__ __ .. 35 Parker Ranch .-- .. - -.-------.- ... -.. --------.--.- -------.. ----... .. .. ._._ .. 37 Puakea and Puuhue Ranches ....---------.-.---- ..... ---.- .. ---.-- -.-_._. ..__ ._. 40 Puu 00 Ranch .-.-----.. -.-.---.. -.. -.-----------. __.. .. __ -_. __ . ._ .. __ .. ... _.. 42 Puuwaawaa Ranch ---.--- ..-----.-------.--------_. __ ._. .. .. _---.-.-_._ ..... _. __ .. _. 43 Kahoolawe Kahoolawe Ranch ..-.. -.- -- - --.---- ..-..-.----.----.--- ----.--.--.-..- __ _ 44 v Page Kauai Grove Farm Company Cattle Ranch _ _. __ __ 45 Kekaha Sugar Company Ranch ~ 46 Kilauea Ranch _ __ _ 47 The Koloa .Sugar Company Ranch ._ _ 47 Lihue Plantation Ranch _.._...................................... 48 Makaweli Ranch __ __ 48 Princeville Plantation Company _.. __ 49 William Hyde Rice Ranch 50 Lanai Lanai Ranch __ _._._ __ 51 Molokai Hawaiian Homes Commission _ __ _.. __ _.. 52 J\10lokai Ranch _._ _ S2 Maui Gro·ve Ranch _ ~ _ 54 Hawaiian Commercial and Sugar Company Ranch and Dairy S5 Haleakala Ranch ._ .. __ . "._"_.. _'._'.' ..'.'..".."'" S6 Honolua Ranch .___ .__ 57 I(aonoula Ranch __ __ .__ 58 Pioneer Mill Company Ranch and Dairy _ __ _ S9 Ulupalakua Ranch . ._. __ ._ __.. __ __ _-_ __ 60 Niihau Niihau Ranch __ _. __ .. __ _ _ 60 Oahu I{aneohe Ranch _ _._._ 62 Oahu Railway and Land Company Ranches.. __ 63 Waianae Company Ranch _-__ ._ 64 SECTION THREE Beef Production in Hawaii Area, cattle marketed annually, etc. ._ _.. _ "" 66 Ratio between ranch area and cattle "'..' 66 Average weight and per cent of total cattle marketed annually 67 Dressed beef per acre per year ; 68 Dairying in Hawaii Dairy production data -..-- __ 70 Average production per cow - -.-.- - _ 71 Per capita milk consumption _ 72 Butter and cheese - 73 Disease among dairy cattle - -........................................................... 73 ~~r~~s i:n~a~~~~s a~tp~~~~~~\~~e ..:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: ~~ Sheep in Hawaii at present time -.. -.- ..- -- -- __ __ 75 Livestock in 1910 and 1920 --- -- - 77 Value of livestock in 1928 77 Value of livestock and livestock products produced in 1928 in Hawaii 77 Value of livestock and livestock products shipped to Hawaii in 1928 78 Animal products shipped from Hawaii, 1919-1928 78 Animals and animal products shipped to Hawaii, 1919-1928 79 IN1'RODUCTION Production of livestock has long been a big factor in the commercial and industrial life of the people of flawaii. 1~he livestock in the territory is conservatively valued at $11,600,000 at the present tin1e and the animals and animal products marketed by the ranchers and dairyn1en of Hawaii in 1928 were valued at about $5,250,000. The purpose of this investigation was to gather the outstanding facts concerning livestock in Hawaii from the time of the first introd1.Jctions to the present time. Published information on these points is meager and what little does exist is scattered through various publications of early days, of which only a few copies exist and these are not readily accessible to the public. This survey was started a year ago and during this titne the writer has had an opportunity to visit many of the leading ranches and ranchtnen in the territory and thus get n1uch first hand information from them which has never before been published. Without the cooperation of these tnen, some of whom are still engaged in ranching and others retired, the information presented here could not have been secured and I wish to express my great appreciation to them for their generous help. Their names appear scattered through the pages of this publication as managers or former n1anagers of ranches, or government officials of I-Iawaii. Practically all of the inforn1.ation pertaining to the period before 1860 "vas secured from the A.rchives of Hawaii, largely from letters in the files of the Interior Department of the Kingdom of Hawaii and news stories appearing in publications of that tillIe, chiefly "The Polynesian" and "The Adver­ tiser." I owe thanks to Mr. A. P. Taylor and his staff for their help in making this n1aterial available.
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