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HOTELS BOOK-CADILLAC, DETROIT; NETHERLAND PLAZA, CINCINNATI; VAN CLEVE, DAYTON CONTENTS PAGE COVER PICTURE: THE KREMLIN, MOSCOW THE KHYBEH PASS—By A. C. Frost . 3 A SINCINC HEART (Poem )—By Marguerite Auld Edwards 5 WE RECOGNIZE THE SOVIET UNION By Walter A. Foote 6 THE TIDES OF TIME (Poem)—By Thomas D. Bowman 8 “HAVE YE HAD A NORTHUMBRIAN LARK?” By Marion K. Squire 9 SAILING DOWN TO MONTEVIDEO—By Henry S. Villard... 12 ON THE COURSE OF EVENTS By Henry L. Deimel, Jr -—■— 15 OUR NEW EDITORIAL POLICY 16 NEWS FROM THE DEPARTMENT :— 17 /)cu/ ihid /icide - NEWS FROM THE FIELD 20 DIVISION OF FOREIGN SERVICE PERSONNEL 23 ]\ew York FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES 26 NEW YORK TIMES OBSERVES SERVICE PLIGHT. 27 Havana BIRTHS 28 Colombia PERMITTF. DIVIS CETERA (Poem) Panama Canal Zone By Herbert 0. Wiiliums — 28 IN MEMORIAM 29 El Salvador ABROAD WITH THE GEOGRAPHIC Guatemala By Frederick Simpich : - — 30 Mexico VIKING KNIGHTS (Review) 32 TEN YEARS AGO 38 A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF—By Cyril Wynne 40 DIRECTORY OF RETIRED FOREIGN SERVICE OFFICERS 43 INSTRUCTION BY MAIL 44 Pacific Northwest INDEX OF ADVERTISERS Thru Panama Canal PAGE While the ship awaits — leisurely American Express Company 35 inland visits to the capitals of El American Security and Trust Company 26 Salvador and Guatemala; excur¬ Brewood (Engravers) — 28 sions ashore in Havana, Cartagena, Federal Storage Company A _ 31 Grace, W. R., and Co . 1 Barranquilla, Panama Canal Zone, Gude Bros., Incorporated ; 37 Mazatlan. On a new GRACE Harris and Ewing — 33 “Santa”—every luxury, plus tropi¬ Lafayette Hotel . 43 Manhattan Storage and Warehouse Company 28 cal cruising comforts. All First Martinique Hotel 44 Class outside rooms with private Mayflower Hotel — * 37 bath. From any point in the U.S.A. Merchants Transfer and Storage Company 39 or Canada and return, one tvay rail Middleton, Mrs. Lewis 32 National Geographic Magazine 2 with stopovers, one way GRACE National Geographic Society _, 41 “Santa.” New Yorker Hotel II Cover Pan American Airways, Incorporated 33 Route of the ^ new Grace Plaza Hotel 1 s. idl 29 Powhatan Hotel : : 33 “Santa” Liners Rockefeller Center ... III Cover Savoy-Plaza Hotel ... 29 Security Storage Company I i_ .... 27 Sloan, W. and J. 36 Socony-Vacuum Corporation 38 Underwood Elliott Fisher Company 40 United Fruit Company— . : 42 United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company ._ 43 Every week a GRACE “Santa” sails from New York and United States Lines 32 Pacific Coast. See your travel agent or GRACE Line: 10 Vacuum Oil Company ... 34 Hanover Sq.. New York; or 230 N. Michigan Ave., Chicago; or 2 Pine St.. San Francisco; or 525 W. Sixth St.. Los Von Zielinski, Carl M. J._ . 42 Angeles; also Boston. Philadelphia, Seattle and Victoria. B.C. Willard Hotel _ 41 Woodward and Lothrop IV Cover The Geographic Wants Your Photographs and Articles

Photograph by W. Robert Moore On the Busy Banks of the Daido River at Heijo, Chosen.

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FOREIGN S JOURNAL

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE AMERICAN FOREI GN SERVICE ASSOCIATION

VOL. XI, No. l WASHINGTON, D. C. JANUARY, 1934

The Khyber Pass

By ARTHUR C. FROST, Consul General, Calcutta

THE vast sub-continent of India would scarcely most formidable frontier. The Himalayas offer a be more isolated from the rest of Asia if a challenge that only a few of the most intrepid giant earthquake should pry it loose and set it of adventurers have accepted, and then at rare in¬ down some thousands of miles further south in tervals and comparatively few points. The low¬ that immense watery expanse which extends un¬ est passes and the tableland of Tibet are be¬ broken to the South Pole. Maps tend to belie the tween 16,000 and 18,000 feet in altitude, or, in fact that seas unite while mountains separate. It other words, the floor of this region is high above takes as long to cross Kashmir to the border of the topmost peaks in the United States. In Assam Tibet as to travel to America. The Himalaya on the east the immense swollen rivers, thickest of chain, mightiest of mountains, stretching along the jungles, and foul fevers have always provided a northern border of India for 1,500 miles with a sure defence against invasion. Only in the north¬ wide-flung double barrier of sheer snowy peaks in west in the region of the Khyber Pass, together endless convolutions, and beyond the interminable with some minor points through the eastern deserts barren plateaus of Tibet, is by far the world’s of Baluchistan, have India’s fertile plains been vulnerable to the hungry hordes of inner Asia. The City of Peshawar, the Brit¬ ish outpost in the extreme north¬ west of India, is reached in about 48 hours from Calcutta on the Punjab Mail, and in the same time from Bombay by the crack Frontier Mail, the finest train in India. It is a long way to go in India’s heat and dust, but will well repay the trouble even if an American, conscious of the Grand Canyon, might lightly regard the Pass itself as but a wrinkle upon the face of Nature. The Khyber, the “Key to In¬ dia,” has been called the most strategic spot in history. For 40 A CAFILA THROUGH THE KHYBER centuries the Pass and its ad- 3 joining valleys have witnessed ultra” as far as Michni Kandoo the march of races in an irre¬ and a resourceful few manage pressible surge southward. Along to penetrate up to Landi Khana, this focal route have gone Aryan, which is two miles this side of Tartar, Nomad, Greek, Afghan, the Afghan border and consid¬ Moghul, and Moslem in the ered the utmost limit. In def¬ greatest migrations of the ages. erence to my appeal, the offi¬ In the bazars of Peshawar, cials weakened and gave author¬ the first Indian entrepot for Ka¬ ity for me to go two miles fur¬ bul, Bokhara, Samarkand, and ther on to the very frontier it¬ Central Asia, may be seen all self, Tor Khan, which is nearly manner of savage tribesmen with 40 miles from Peshawar. a picturesqueness of garb that The Assistant Political Officer would make a Hollywood direc¬ of the Khyber, a Pathan know¬ tor despair of attaining such ing every rock and peak, accom¬ realism. Afridis go by with har¬ panied us in the car and nar¬ dy physiques and defiant faces. rated as we went along the stir¬ Then there are Zakkas, Kukis, ring events which had checkered Aka Khel, and many another Photo by A. C. Frost British penetration in this re¬ clan, with names unknown to A CAMELEER POSES FOR gion during the past century. A us, but each in fierce unfettered JOURNAL READERS second car filled with armed ways is doubtless sure of its soldiers followed us immediate¬ own superiority and has guns to prove it. In ly behind. Proceeding from Pehhawar in the the wild atmosphere of the frontier one senses early morning we soon reached Jamrud, 12 miles the heartbeat of Asia. Every man you meet out, the first fort on entering the defile. At this carries a rifle. It lies beside him as he sleeps place and at succeeding forts we were met by the and is in his hand every waking or dozing mo¬ entire officialdom, not to welcome me but to “sa¬ ment. Even workmen in the Pass have soldiers laam” their superior officer. on guard, with rifle ready for snipers. To be On Tuesdays and Fridays caravans come in a good shot in this no-woman’s land is more from Afghanistan and inner Asia, the journeys be¬ essential than to know French or have a pass¬ ing limited to two days a week for reasons of port. Fighting is not merely their fun but their safety. We fortunately visited the Khyber on a profession. Tuesday and saw the long lines of camels winding When times are tranquil the normal tourist may in and out through the Pass. One realizes that the receive permission to go as far as Landi Kotal in camel here is in his element, the indispensable the Pass. Some persons slip by that “ne plus beast of burden, not a show animal in the circus or designed as a mere slogan for cigarettes. These ships of the des¬ ert carry huge cargoes, consisting chiefly of rugs and skins, coming out. and inward bound salt, tea, and piecegoods. At certain sea¬ sons the cafilas of camels spread along for five miles, and offer one of India’s superlative sights. 1 was able to get a camel driver to pose for me, evidently an im¬ portant event in his day. The most interesting part of the pro¬ cession, however, were some baby camels which must have joined the procession not long before. In addition to a railroad track through the Pass, there are two paths, one for automobiles and another for camels or horses. In ‘EVEN BABY CAMELS SEEM SELF-CONSCIOUS’ a land where languages are legion 4 JHE /^MERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

A SINGING HEART Happiness lies in the heart. Not in material form Does it bring its offerings, Or does its part perform.

Happiness sings in the heart. ’Tis not with treasure bought, Nor in the halls of haughty prince Should it be ever sought.

Happiness cannot be bought, Cannot be even found, Unless the heart is singing, Singing the whole day round.

MARGUERITE AULD EDWARDS. Bradford, England.

KHYBER SIGNS ARE CRYSTAL CLEAR COVER PICTURE and literacy is rare, the signs, which indicate the respective routes by pictures of cars and camels, THE KREMLIN, MOSCOW, RUSSIA are crystal clear to every passerby. It is assumed, (Taken from the former office of the Military Attache, however, that speed signs would refer only to American Embassy, Moscoiv) the motor cars. Forts crown every hill. Not a The Kremlin has stood since the Twelfth Cen¬ tree, shrub, or a blade of grass grows in the Pass tury. Its walls, fifty feet high and more than a from one end to the other. No wonder that the mile and a half in length, are studded with nine¬ tribesmen take pot shots at each other to break teen towers, each with its own story to tell. In¬ the barren monotony of existence. Nature and side the Kremlin is the most remarkable collec¬ mankind alike are raw and unsubdued. tion of ancient churches and palaces to be found On reaching the border, which intrigued most in all the U. S. S. R. For more than eight hun¬ because so politically inaccessible, I was asked by dred years, buildings representing the most char¬ my companion not to step over the frontier (as I acteristic design of their times have been built had fully intended to do), because the act would within the walls, making the Kremlin a veritable be reported to headquarters and might become an museum-city. The Kremlin is now the seat of the incident. In a recent American magazine was a Soviet Government. query as to what the gates of the Khyber really look like. Well, here they, or rather it is (see photograph). The barrier is hard¬ ly more imposing than the bar one lets down into the cow pas¬ ture. Across the boundary line were two short sturdy Afghan soldiers clad in homespun but with rifle poised for any pedal attack on Afghan soil. We con¬ versed back and forth in a friend¬ ly though mutually unintelligible way, but the gist of it was that they did not mind my taking their picture or our going up the small incline at the right where we could look down upon, if not ac¬ tually step into, this aloof mys¬ Photo by A. C. Frost terious land of the Amir. THE GATE TO AFGHANISTAN 5 We Recognize the Soviet Union

By WALTER A. FOOTE

“Moscow, December 11, 1933. sailed from New York City on the S. S. President “Secretary of State, Harding for Havre, from which place they pro¬ Washington. ceeded to Moscow by train. “Arrived. Will present credentials Wednesday Newspaper despatches from Moscow were unani¬ noon. mous in saying that official fanfare utterly unprece¬ BULLITT.” dented in Soviet history greeted Ambassador Bullitt HE above telegram, the first the Department of upon his arrival in the Soviet capital. The Inter¬ T national News Service said, “Arriving at Alexan¬ State has received from any American official drovsky Station in a sumptuous private car which in Russia since the dark days when our relations the government had provided when lie crossed the with that country were severed, explains itself. And Russian border at Negoreloje, Bullitt was greeted now that normal relations have been established, by a huge crowd of smiling Americans and Russians historians for generations to come will search for who looked on happily as he was presented to details of M. Litvinoff’s visit to Washington and for Alexander A. Troyanovski, Soviet Russia’s first all possible background regarding his historic con¬ envoy to Washington.” versations with President Roosevelt, Secretary Hull and others. The fact is, however, that no stenog¬ Ambassador Bullitt then presented his credentials raphers were present at the meetings, no reports to President Kalinin on December 13th. Mr. Bullitt were made and future generations will probably was accompanied by Mr. Joseph Flack, First Secre¬ see the picture only as it was presented in the notes tary at Berlin, and Mr. George F. Kennan, Third exchanged on November 16th — the agreements Secretary at Riga. Mr. Bullitt said in part: themselves hut not the conversations which led to “ I do not come to your country as a stranger. My them. profound interest in it has existed for many years, and I come with a deep conviction of the importance of the his¬ Having progressed as far as he could in the lim¬ toric significance of my mission. That mission, Mr. Presi¬ ited time at his disposal, Commissar Litvinoff left dent. is to create not merely normal but genuinely friendly Washington quietly by automobile at about 8:00 relations between our two great peoples, who for so many a. m., November 23, for New York, where he hoped years were bound to each other by traditions of friendship. The firm establishment of world peace is a deep desire of to enjoy a sight-seeing tour of the city, if it could both of our peoples, and the close collaboration of our he done quietly and without publicity. governments in the task of preserving peace will draw our On November 24th the Soviet Foreign Minister peoples together Today each of our nations in its spoke before 2,500 leaders of American affairs who own manner is seeking with the same indomitable will and limitless energy, but by different methods, to promote the were the dinner guests of the American-Russian welfare of its people. This simultaneous effort, rather than Chamber of Commerce, New York, which affair was a source of conflict, offers an opportunity for creative col¬ broadcast from the grand ballroom of the Waldorf- laboration. Finally, our peoples are surely bound by a Astoria by the National Broadcasting Company. In bond of common youthful energy, readiness to seek new describing the dinner, the New York Herald- ways to solve new problems and courage to face the fu¬ Tribune said that “Commissar Litvinoff stood be¬ ture ” fore two enormous flags, the Stars and Stripes and President Kalinin, in reply, responded in part the red banner of Soviet Russia. As he entered the as follows: ballroom the organist played the Star Spangled “..... I was always convinced that as soon as artificial Banner and then the Internationale. Mr. Litvinoff barriers in the way of establishing cooperation between the people of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the praised the manner in which his conversations with American people were removed, such cooperation would President Roosevelt had been carried forward and assume the widest and most varied forms and that with said he had found himself still under the spell of good will and mutual respect on both sides the difference the President’s charm.” The next day, November in the socio-political systems existing in the two countries 25, M. Litvinoff sailed for Italy on the S. S. Conte need not at all be any obstacle thereto. I fully share your conviction that between the people of di Savoia. the Soviet Union and the American people there can and On November 29th, Ambassador William Chris¬ should exist not only normal but genuinely friendly rela¬ tian Bullitt, our first representative to the Union of tions. 1 wish to assure you that on its part the Soviet Soviet Socialist Republics, accompanied by Mr. Government is filled with a firm determination to help develop and strengthen precisely such relations. The best Keith Merrill, Mr. George A. Morlock and Mr. foundation for such sincerely friendly relations and for their Morgan W. Will, all of the Department of State, full development is the unswerving will for the maintenance 6 (1) SECRETARY HULL GREETING FOREIGN MINISTER LITVINOFF, NOVEMBER 7, 1933. underwood & underwood

(2) LAST CONFERENCE ON SOVIET RECOGNITION BETWEEN UNDERSECRETARY PHILLIPS AND FOREIGN MINISTER LITVINOFF. Underwood & Underwood

(3) AMBASSADOR WILLIAM C. BULLITT AND HIS DAUGHTER SAIL FOR RUSSIA NOVEMBER 29, 1933. Associated Press Photo.

(4) THE KREMLIN, MOSCOW; THE SEAT OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT.

7 ami consolidation of peace which inspires both the people “Comprehensive and formal guarantees of an unprece¬ of the Soviet Union and the American people ” dented character in several fields were made by the Soviet Much has been written during recent months Government prior to recognition. This in itself is a sig¬ about the “natural friendship which has always ex¬ nificant abandonment of the previous Soviet policy, which uniformly demanded recognition first, with detailed dis¬ isted between the Russian people and the people of cussion and mutual guarantees to follow. All that now the United States."’ While it is true that such friend¬ remains to achieve normal diplomatic relations is the hon¬ ship has existed, and that very few “diplomatic in¬ est and unequivocal fulfillment of public pledges, publicly cidents” ever arose between the United States and given.” Russia, the history of these relations, especially the Many people will no doubt wonder what kind of early part thereof, is indeed interesting. man litis William Christian Bullitt is—this man to The Continental Congress in 1780 endeavored to whom the President has entrusted one of the most obtain Russian recognition and Francis Dana was important diplomatic missions in the history of our appointed Minister to seek it. After spending two country. Biographies, of course, tell what men years in St. Petersburg, however, during which he have done, hut they seldom tell what men are. For was not received, Minister Dana returned to the a more intimate picture of “Bill ' Bullitt, there is United States deeply disappointed and his mission quoted below7 an extract from a radio broadcast was a failure. Various reasons were offered by the made on November 22, 1933, by Honorable R. Russian Government for its attitude, but it is gen¬ Walton Moore, Assistant Secretary of State: erally recognized that the dislike, and perhaps fear, “Much will depend upon the character of our official of all things revolutionary was back of the extreme representation, and my belief is that the President did the dislike of the Empress Catherine for the representa¬ ideal thing in appointing Mr. Bullitt as Ambassador. Hav¬ ing had very intimate association with him in the work of tive, popular system of government that had been the Department and particularly during the weeks of set up in the United States. Catherine probably preparation for the Russian negotiations and the negotia¬ saw in the American movement something akin to tions themselves, I am able to testify that he is a most un¬ the French Revolution and the principles expressed usual man—brilliant, of extraordinary intellectual and physical vigor and concerned only about accomplishing the in the Declaration of Independence were no doubt best that can possibly be expected. He is one of those who distasteful to her. Shortly after refusing to recog¬ has been steadily and strongly insistent that clear and satis¬ nize the United States, however, Catherine appointed factory agreements should accompany recognition. I am John Paul Jones, of revolutionary fame, Admiral in a position to say that he had no desire for the appoint¬ ment. His personal preference would be to remain in this of her fleet in the Black Sea. Alexander I of Rus¬ country where his friendships are innumerable and his sia, who believed in International Law, a league of official activities altogether congenial. nations, etc., came to the throne, however, and the “But there is no other man combining first hand knowl¬ relations between the two countries became “nor¬ edge of governmental and social conditions in Russia with mal,” resulting in the appointment of John Quincy complete information as to all of the details of the recent negotiations and, in the light of its results, such a full con¬ Adams as the first American Minister to St. Peters¬ ception of the duties that will have to be performed by our burg. From 1809 to 1917 these relations were of Ambassador and bis subordinates in order to make certain an unusually friendly character. In fact, Russia that the relations between the two countries shall be as was probably more sympathetic toward the United friendly and mutually beneficial as the most sanguine States, especially during the Civil War period, than Americans desire.” were most of the great powers. In his note according recognition of the U. S. THE TIDES OF TIME S. R., President Roosevelt said: “I trust that the relations now established between our The tides of time roll swiftly by peoples may forever remain normal and friendly, and that For you and me; our nations henceforth may cooperate for their mutual What fate may hold in store for us benefit and for the preservation of the peace of the world.” We cannot see; Later at Warm Springs, Georgia, the President Be ever kind or over harsh said: Our destiny, Let's face the unknown days to come “In the spirit of Thomas Jefferson, Mr. Litvinoff and I Full cheerfully. believe that through the resumption of normal relations, the prospects of peace over all the world are greatly Like shifting tides that rise and fall strengthened.” Our fortunes swell Press reaction throughout the United States was To glorious floods of happiness, highly favorable and even some of the most ardent Yet w7e know well opponents of recognition voiced their approval of Ebb follows flow7: in sorrows’ vale the President’s action. Father Walsh of the Catholic Sometimes we’ll dwell; But waning fortunes can no change University, Washington, a very learned and thought¬ In love impel. ful man and one of the strongest critics of the Soviet THOMAS D. BOWMAN. regime, said: Mexico, D. F. 8 ‘“'Have Ye Had a Northumbrian Lark?" “Mrs. Colleague” Retaliates

By MARION K. SQUIRE, N ewcastle-on-Tyne

SINCE the exposition of showing the itinerary of our our disgraceful lassitude NOTE: From the New York office of proposed jaunt. “Yes, I am while listening for Mr. Dun¬ Despatch Agent Fyfle, who lightened sure that must be about the gravity of an invoice of official sup¬ lap’s lark in those glorious plies with “Best regards to the Lark where Eric Blood-Axe and Highand hills, it has been on Hunters” .... to wave-lapped Lowes¬ Gunhild passed their days our minds to reveal to JOUR¬ toft, English watering place, now shel¬ tering our retired colleague, Mr. Doty, when they were in England.” NAL readers to what activities who has sung of “immortalization in And as we knew that Mr. this tireless Consul from Dun¬ one of the sagas of the brilliant author Dunlap was collecting photo¬ dee instigated us in ferreting of Vikings”—cometh the challenge of graphs for his new book out hits of Viking lore during reply to Viking Dunlap’s clever “Have “Viking Knights” soon to be a peaceful Sunday automobile Ye Heard the Highland Lark?” (in the October JOURNAL) in which the New- published in Edinburgh, my trip to the English Lakes. castle-on-Tyne incumbent and his wife husband enthusiastically The luncheon valise was played the nincompoops. M. K. S. turned his wheel by a cir¬ packed, and we left our home cuitous route to attain those in Newcastle at about nine desolate moors in Northern o’clock: not early, but a sensible hour for the com¬ England where many a Viking battle was fought fortable trip we had in view. The party consisted of centuries ago. Consul Dunlap, Vice Consul Smith, my husband, Shortly, we came upon Barnard Castle, an inter¬ our younger son, and myself. There was a slight esting ruin upon a hill, and further on the “Mystery drizzle when we started, but we knew that ere long House” in the village itself. In true tourist fashion, it would clear away; and indeed, by the time we not wishing to miss anything, we all got out. “How were leaving Durham’s beautiful Cathedral towers nice to be out of that stuffy car! You know I don’t in the distance the air was as blithe and fresh as like motor cars,” exlcaimed our autophobe guest. our happy spirits. We visited this interesting though lugubrious “I think there is an old Viking stronghold over dwelling, the owner showing us all—blood spotted there,” suggested our guest, poring over a map manuscripts, implements of torture, the bed where Cromwell slept, the secret panel behind which he hid when the house was searched, the dungeon and even a suspected underground passage leading up to the castle. We were duly impressed, and grate¬ ful for his explanations, hut I sensed that we were still far from the English Lakes so I moved to go, after photographing the sad old antiquary, his eyes dimmed from living so long among the mor¬ bid memories of the past. Off again—now rolling through charming little villages with leafy avenues, past stone farmhouses getting fewer and more bleak-looking as we reached the desolate stretches of moor spreading out before us. “Now, can’t you see hordes of Viking horse¬ men charging across those moors?” The Consul was working up atmosphere for us; “expanding” he so aptly called it. I looked out over the moor. “Yes,” I acquiesced slowly. One might as well “expand” too, I decided. And by the time we had come upon a crude stone column set within an iron grating along the road at a little place Photo by M. E. Smith called Stainmoor, I was thoroughly imbued with DURHAM CATHEDRAL the idea. In fact, I had it that this was the 9 very spot where Eric himself had fallen, and Lhat even Stainmoor was so called after this same stone. But I had gone too far in my enthusiasm. Our Viking authority thought probably that it was called Stainmoor because there were so many stones on the moor. I subsided, hut still, woman like, I preferred to believe otherwise. Hardly had this excitement passed when we came upon Brough Castle. There it stood, gaunt, stark, and in ruins. It was now two o’clock, so we took our valise and rugs through the turnstile up to the crum¬ bling fortress, and after a good inspection, ate our lunch on the greensward under what was perhaps, long ago, Gunhild’s own turret chamber. I ex¬ pect Mr. Dunlap’s soul was at peace. It was all that a Viking castle should have been, although the vicar of the village, later on, smilingly insisted that the ruins were Roman. Vikings, being pagan, are consistently ignored hereabouts. This shot from a Christian Canon wounded a true Viking heart. We, humbled, sped on our way. Nowr we began to head for the Lakes in earnest. Photo by M. E. Smith “Oh, there’s a sign to St. Ninian’s Ancient Church,” BROUGH CASTLE and my companion on the back seat looked around with an anxious expression. The car was well on its w'ay, but we hacked up, crossed the road care¬ of interest than any ancient church which has old fully, drove through a farmyard gate, and jolted wooden pews with gates, and stone crypts to be through the fields over a more or less definite viewed by lifting up the planking provided with cartpath. Around a stone wall there appeared an¬ ponderous iron rings. other gate to be opened and closed, and then 1 expect we were beginning to get Northumbrian another, and finally a fourth, which led us into indigestion, for we returned to the road and began the churchyard of St. Ninian’s. It offered no more driving with more determination than ever, real¬ izing that the beautiful English Lakes would re¬ ceive only a passing glance after all. For a while, quiet and smug contentment reigned on the back seat as we rolled along the peace¬ ful countryside with an occasional quip from one of us. But stay! “Now that—THAT- -is Viking.” With difficulty we slowed down and with one ac¬ cord looked around at the spot toward which Mr. Dunlap’s finger was pointing excitedly. There was a small stone column set away from the road, very much like the one we had seen at Stainmoor. “No, never mind, don’t stop. Only I’m sure it is.” Nev¬ ertheless we stopped and our Viking Knight got out, crossed the stubble and examined the stone. He returned shortly. “Only a hitching post!” he explained sheepishly, hut he smiled as we all chortled with glee. Brougham Castle, though not Viking, was the only temptation which beset us from this point; and further on an intriguing sign “This way to the Druids’ Circle,” which we spied just before we arrived at Keswick and Derwentwater. “We shall have to see that on our way back,” I sug¬ Photo by M. E. Smith gested, my domestic side asserting itself with the T CRUDE STONE COLUMN AT STAINMOOR realization that we must have tea. It was, alas, 10 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL already six o’clock as we drove into the hotel peculiar crouching shaped stone. By this time our grounds at the Cataract of Lodore, made famous Vice Consul was likewise “expanding,” and in his by Southey’s poem. efforts to get a good silhouette of the Circle with We ordered tea, and climbed up the woody path the sun lowering between the gateway stones, he back of the hotel to see the falls “pouring and began prancing around like a faun or satyr plac¬ roaring and hurrying and scurrying” and “foam¬ ing his kodak here and there to get the best view. ing and roaming and thundering and floundering” All in all we did the thing justice. “so never ending, but always descending” “the The homeward journey was very trying. Before way the water comes down at Lodore.” The sight we had gone far we realized the situation was was not disappointing, but the mist was falling serious, for after crawling a few miles in a dense and we visualized a none too pleasant return jour¬ mist “Smithy” got out on the running board to ney, so our spirits sobered as we sipped our tea guide my husband over miles of damp, hilly and forthwith started on our homeward way. moors buried in a blinding blanket of fog. We The Druid Circle was, however, only a quarter groped slowly up through the clouds to Alston, the of a mile away from our road, so we turned in at highest market tow'n in England, then down a the sign post and discovered the highlight of our tedious descent on the other side, with an occa¬ whole joyful day. On a plateau standing tranquil sional rabbit chase when one of the poor little and apart from any vestige of modern life—en¬ creatures became dazed in our path. tirely surrounded by a far distant panorama of Newcastle’s lights at last cheered us by mid¬ purple rolling hills and puffy white clouds, stood night—the mileage registered 216. We sat down the stones comprising the Druids’ Circle. We came to hot soup and a plate of spaghetti, which were upon it abruptly and were soon standing among much appreciated even though to my horror Molly the stones pondering upon the traditions of this had laid the table for this humble repast with my ancient era. The sun, in an eerie haze, was just at best embroidered dinner cloth in Consul Dunlap’s the moment sinking miles away behind the hills— honor. just between the two huge stones that mark the So ended a most exciting day for us all, with gateway to the Circle, directly opposite the high Vice Consul Smith crawling in the window when priest’s altar. A heavy mist began to fall and my he discovered that he had failed to take his latch¬ husband turned back to the car, too practical to key. do otherwise than keep dry. I put up my um¬ Now, Mr. or Mrs. Colleague, would you rather brella, but was loth to emerge from the spell. hear the trill of a Highland lark, or experience “I don’t know' just when the Druids come in— the thrill of a Northumbrian lark? If anyone historically,” worried Mr. Dunlap. “Maybe that chooses the latter and is interested, I shall reply is one over there,” he suggested, pointing to a as did our good Dundee Consul—“Come on then!”

Photo by M. E. Smith THE DRUIDS’ CIRCLE, NEAR KESWICK (Cumberland)

n Sailing Down to Montevideo

By HENRY S. VILLARD

ON November 11, 1933, the Munson liner Amer¬ —the American Legion steamed into Hamilton ican Legion sailed from New York with a Harbor, Bermuda, about ten o’clock on the morning notable passenger list, headed by the Secretary of of November 13 and was immediately boarded by State and other members of the American delega¬ a reception committee which included Lord Carew, tion to the Pan-American Conference at Montevideo. aide-de-camp to the Governor; Mr. E. J. Wadding- A number of the delegates were accompanied by ton, the Colonial Secretary; and Consul Graham their wives, the ladies of the party including Mrs. H. Kemper. After a few words of greeting on deck, Hull, and several newspapers sent along staff cor¬ the committee escorted Secretary and Mrs. Hull, respondents to cover the proceedings en route and Mr. and Mrs. James Clement Dunn and Mr. Hugh at the Conference. S. Cumming, Jr., to the Governor’s barge, which As stated in last month's issue of the JOURNAL, conveyed them to a landing at a private wharf be¬ in which the list of delegates was given, President longing to Government House. Photographs were Roosevelt considered the Montevideo conference so then taken and a trip made in Bermuda’s pictur¬ important a means of furthering understanding and esque victorias to the Aquarium, after which the accord among the Stales of the Americas that he group was entertained at luncheon by Lieut. Gen. directed Secretary Hull to attend in person. All Sir Thomas Astley Cubitt, Governor of Bermuda. eyes, therefore, were turned toward the opening Said to be the first American Secretary of State date of December 3 and in the meantime the De¬ ever to pay a visit to Bermuda, Secretary Hull’s partment followed the progress of the trip with presence on the island was of unusual interest. The much interest. group after luncheon inspected the Sessions House, Flying the Secretary of State’s own flag—the seat of the Colonial Parliament, which holds the United States coat of arms in a white circle imposed distinction of being the second oldest continuous upon a blue field, with a white star in each corner representative body in the English-speaking world,

LEGISLATIVE PALACE, MONTEVIDEO, URUGUAY (WHERE CONFERENCE WAS HELD) 12 J'HL AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL and then embarked on the Governor’s barge for an overcast and the characteristic sunshine of Rio gave enjoyable excursion among the islands in the har¬ way to a pouring rain in which the latter half of a bor. There was time also for a visit to the Con¬ program of sightseeing and visiting was carried out. sulate and a brief shopping expedition before the Ambassador Gibson entertained more than 100 American Legion resumed her voyage. The rest of guests, including Foreign Minister Afranio do Mello the delegation were the guests during the day of the Franco, at a buffet luncheon in the Embassy, and in Colonial Government and were taken for a tour of the afternoon he took Mr. Hull to call on President the island and tendered a luncheon at which were Vargas in the Presidential Palace. Later they were present a number of prominent Bermudians. received by the Foreign Minister in the magnifi¬ The trip southward was marked by fine weather, cently decorated Foreign Office, an old palace con¬ and although several hours of work were put in taining priceless tapestries and paintings brought each day by members of the delegation the voyage to Brazil from Portugal during the Napoleonic on the whole was considered a restful one. Crossing Wars, and equipped with locally made wooden fur¬ the equator, the traditional festivities were held, niture in the Chinese Chippendale style. Secretary Hull and the members of the other for¬ Several distinguished Brazilian women welcomed eign delegations on board—Cuban, Haitian, Hon¬ Miss Sophonisba Breckenridge, only woman offi¬ duran, Mexican and Venezuelan—first being put cially in the American delegation, and she was through a special ceremony. Various neophytes entertained at tea by the well-known Brazilian were then brought before King Neptune, where for¬ feminist, Mme. Jeronyma Mesquita, as well as by mal charges were placed against them by the Royal the Young Women’s Christian Association. Prosecutor, Mr. Harold Hinton of the New York Following a visit to the Consulate General, the Times. The prisoners were defended by the Public party boarded the night train for Sao Paolo, Sec¬ Defender, Mr. Jonathan Mitchell of the New Re¬ retary Hull and Ambassador and Mrs. Gibson trav¬ public, but convictions speedily followed and the eling in the private car of the President of Brazil. Royal Doctor was called upon to administer various Mrs. Hull did not feel equal to making this trip but disciplinary pills and an unpalatable concoction remained behind to continue on the American Le¬ consisting of Worcestershire sauce and vinegar. gion and rejoin the others at Santos. The unfortunate victims were then placed in turn A squad of special police met the party at the in the barber’s cbair, whereupon the Royal Barber Sao Paolo station early next day and escorted them in the person of Mr. Cumming, with two assistants, through the busy streets of the “Chicago of Brazil” dexterously gave each an egg shampoo and a shave, the latter operation being facilitated (?) by a thick lather of flour and water. To finish off the cere¬ mony, the neophytes were—with¬ out ceremony—dumped into the Royal Pool, by which time the equator was considered to have been crossed, to the undoubted relief of the initiates. On November 24 the Secretary and Mrs. Hull were up before dawn to obtain a view of the beautiful harbor of Rio de Ja¬ neiro, the famous Sugar Loaf mountain affording an impressive spectacle in the early light. But about noon the skies became

Photo from H. E. Angel

CROSSING THE EQUATOR Secretary Hull and Captain C. E. Hil¬ ton at Neptune’s Court on board the American Legion, November 20, 1933. 13 to the Esplanade Hotel, where they were the guests ter for Foreign Affairs and several others. After of the local government during their short stay. the usual photographs and ceremonies, the party Secretary Hull is reported to have foregone an was escorted to the hotel, situated on a curving orthodox American breakfast on the train in favor beach some twenty minutes from town, the view of the typical Brazilian eye-opener consisting of from which is reported to be somewhat distracting rolls and strong, aromatic Sao Paolo coffee, which for office work. he could see growing from the car window. Before Accompanied by Minister Wright, Secretary Hull lunching at the hotel with Consul General Charles was formally ushered the following day into the R. Cameron, the party visited the celebrated offices of President Terra, guarded by squads of Batanan snake farm, where serums are made, and soldiers, where he held a half hour’s conversation where they witnessed a thrilling fight to the finish with the President of Uruguay. between a blacksnake and a deadly jararaca in The next few days were spent in getting the work which the latter was swallowed alive. organized and in paying calls, in the course of which the Secretary and other members of the dele¬ Motoring down the 50-odd mile mountain road gation attended a Thanksgiving dinner given on that afternoon, the party reached the coffee port of the night of November 30 by the American Associa¬ Santos, where they were met by Vice Consul Ar¬ tion in Uruguay. On December 3, the opening ses¬ thur G. Parslee. In the evening, they rejoined the sion of the conference was held in the Legislative American Legion, whch had meanwhile come on Palace. In the minds of the delegates this will from Rio, and resumed their voyage to Uruguay. probably remain a memorable sight, for the fine The American Legion reached Montevideo Tues¬ building was surrounded by troops of cavalry and day morning, November 28th, and the delegation artillery and detachments of sailors, all in colorful was met at the pier by Minister J. Butler Wright, uniforms. From then on work commenced in earnest the entire American official community, the Minis¬ and the conference was presently in full swing.

DEPARTMENT OF STATE EXHIBIT AT CHICAGO The ensemble here illustrated was presented as a part of the Department’s exhibit at A Century of Progress Ex¬ position for the period May 27 to No¬ vember 12, 1933, and will again be shown when the Exposition reopens next June. It faces the main entrance of the Federal Building and the striking and colorful effect obtained has re¬ sulted in widespread comment. The colors of the Secretary of State are shown at the left of the replica of the Great Seal of the United States. In the foreground is a model of the American Consulate at Yokohama en¬ cased in glass and resting on a base decorated with silver and dark blue. I he background is of silver velvet and the proscenium arrangement is con¬ structed of dark blue velour, concealing spotlights trained upon the model. The group is protected from handling by a dark blue velvet rope supported by chromium-plated stanchions. The close resemblance to The White House of the American consular build¬ ing at Yokohama was the prevailing rea¬ son for placing the model in the promi¬ nent position selected.

14 On the Course of Events

By HENRY L. DEIMEL, JR.

WHAT has happened in In so highly industrialized the United States dur¬ a country as the United States, ing the eventful year which Henry L. Deimel, Jr., who kindly the index of factory produc¬ will have reached its close contributed during the past few tion is naturally of prime in¬ months an interesting series of articles before this issue of the JOUR¬ terest. This index, in the first entitled "Aces in the New Deal,” has NAL reaches the hands of its column of the table, shows in readers? What changes have now written for the Journal this re¬ common with all the other in¬ taken place in the economic view of the economic situation in the dices given, a decline to the situation of the country? That United States which will be the pre¬ low point in March. There¬ there have been many devel¬ lude to an article each month here¬ after it advanced rapidly opments of a momentous and after on the principal economical through July, when it exceed¬ far-reaching character few developments. ed the average level for any will deny, but they are so year since 1929; since then complex, the whole situation it has fallen off, but less is so intricate and involved, rapidly. These figures recall as to make it very difficult to obtain a full and vividly the general tone of comment and senti¬ accurate appreciation of their significance. ment during the months covered: the increasing An account of the actual development of the gloom of the first quarter, culminating in the economic situation, based on quantitative data, banking collapse in March; the optimism that would be of prime interest, but the complexity of followed the pick-up in manufacturing activity the subject and the very abundance and diversity thereafter and the swift rise in production dur¬ of the data available make the task of presenting ing the spring and summer, particularly in the a complete and accurate picture a most difficult cotton and steel mills; then the labor difficulties, one. A bird’s-eye view, in very general outline, the complaints of sweated conditions, a wave of of what has been going on may perhaps however strikes, and a tendency toward pessimism in pop¬ be obtained from a carefully chosen selection of ular discussion and comment following the fail¬ a few of the most important indices of eco¬ ure of manufacturing activity to sustain the level nomic activity. The following table is presented reached in July, even though it remained well in the hope of providing, in very general and above the previous year’s average. more or less tentative outline, but with substantial Produc- accuracy and balance in the main, a background tion of Factory Dept.Construction against which the individual elements of the situa¬ Monthly Mann- Employ- Factory Store Contracts tion may be considered in greater detail without Averages factures ment Payrolls Sales Awarded losing focus on the picture as a whole. 1929 119 101 108 117 1930 95 88 87 92 The data presented are drawn from the statis¬ 1931 80 74 66 63 tics published by the Federal Reserve Board in 1932 63 62 45 69 28 Washington, to the latest date available at the time 1933 of writing; they are index numbers based on January 64 59 39 60 22 the average of 1923-25 as 100; they refer of February_ 61 59 40 60 19 course to the United States, and with the exception March 56 57 37 57 14 of the factory payroll data, the monthly figures April 66 58 39 67 14 May 78 61 42 67 16 for 1933 are adjusted for seasonal variation. It June 93 65 46 68 18 would of course be necessary to examine in detail July 101 70 50 70 21 the precise constitution of these indices — the August 91 73 56 77 24 September 83 74 58 70 30 sources, methods of computation, and degree to October 77 74 57 69 35 which they are fully representative -— before seek¬ ing to base any very definite and detailed conclu¬ Consideration of the parallel in dices of factory sions upon them, but this is hardly necessary for employment and payrolls, however, rather changes the purpose here proposed, of seeking to draw the aspect. Following the low point in March, from them only a most general indication of the there has been a slow increase—almost negligible current trend. (Continued to page 34) 15 PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. OUR NEW EDITORIAL POLICY The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed In order to enlarge the scope of the JOURNAL and by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also open to private subscription in the United States and abroad to make it more interesting and useful to its read¬ at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, ers, the Editorial Board has decided, until further Washington, D. G. notice, to encourage the submission of manuscripts Copyright, 1934, by the American Foreign. Service Association by offering cash payments of from $5 to $20 for not more than three of the best articles accepted JOURNAL STAFF for publication each month—i. e., those which fit AUCUSTUS E. INGRAM Editor in most suitably with our current requirements. PAUL H. ALLING WALTER A. FOOTE ..... Editorial Board No restriction is placed on the type of material LOWELL C. PINKERTON HENRY S. VILLARD 3 which may be submitted, since it is the Editor’s de¬ HARRY A. MCBRIDE Business Manager sire to provide as wide a variety of material as pos¬ CLAYSON W. ALDRIDGE Treasurer sible. The material, of course, should have a defi¬ nite Service interest or background. Articles deal¬ The American Foreign ing with the Foreign Service profession, descriptive Service Association travelogues, short fiction, sports played at particu¬ lar posts, outstanding scientific or economic devel¬ The American Foreign Service Association is an unofficial and opments in different parts of the world, etc., are voluntary association of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States„ It was formed for the purpose of fos¬ always welcome. Manuscripts should be from 1,800 tering esprit de corps among the. members of the Foreign Serv¬ ice, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around to 3,500 words in length, with (if possible) two or which might he grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the service. three good photographs or drawings to serve as illustrations. The manuscripts should be type¬ Honorary President written on one side of the paper only, the pages CORDELI. HULL Secretary oj State numbered, and the name and address of the writer Honorary Vice-Presidents should appear on the upper left hand corner of WILLIAM PHILLIPS Under Secretary of State each page. WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State ROBERT WALTON MOORE Assistant Secretary of State By this means it is hoped to raise the standard FRANCIS B. SAYRE Assistant Secretary of State SUMNER WELLES Assistant Secretary of State of the JOURNAL’S contents, and, in pursuance of this policy, the Editorial Board will give critical con¬ NORMAN ARMOUR — President sideration to all manuscripts submitted. Inasmuch CLARENCE E. GAUSS Vice-President MAXWELL M. HAMILTON Secretary-Treasurer as the fund for payment of articles is limited, the HERBERT S. BURSLEY Acting Secretary-Treasurer JOURNAL reserves the right to publish, as pre¬ viously, without compensation any manuscript sub¬ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE mitted, unless the author expressly indicates at the THOMAS M. WILSON, Chairman; J. P. MOFFAT, Vice- Chairman; W. A. FOOTE, J. E. JACOBS, H. V. JOHNSON time of submission that he is unwilling to accept Alternates this condition. HERBERT S. BURSLEY GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR. The Editorial Board hopes for an encouraging response to this new plan, not only from Foreign Entertainment Committee: A. DANA HODCDON, Chairman; JEFFERSON PATTERSON and GEORGE R. MERRELL, JR. Service officers, but from their families and friends. 16 News From The Department

To THE FOREIGN SERVICE: A wide and ever-growing appreciation of your patriotic and whole-hearted loyalty and devotion to the Government exists within and without the Department. Our country fully realizes its need of your services. We are proud of you all and send you greetings and best wishes for a useful and happy New Year.

WILLIAM PHILLIPS, Acting Secretary of State.

THE annual reception at the White House to the guests were the women heads of divisions of the foreign Diplomatic Corps was held on Thurs¬ Department of State and the Treasury. After formal day evening, December 7, and was attended also by greetings had been exchanged in the Red Room, the a large number of the American Foreign Service receiving line adjourned to the State dining room officers now in Washington and officials of the De¬ to gather in a friendly way about the tea table. partment of State, as well as personal friends of President and Mrs. Roosevelt. The number of in¬ December fifth was filled with pleasurable ex¬ vited guests was smaller than usual, being limited citement, as it was the day of the repeal of the to 1,000, thus enabling the guests to mingle more Eighteenth Amendment. At 12:50 p. m., the Con¬ freely in exchange of greetings with friends. stitutional Convention of Pennsylvania ratified and A change was made in the arrangements of the the ratification was received in the Department at reception this year, the guests assembling in the 12:52 p. m. Ohio ratified at 2:49 p. m. and the East Room and proceeding immediately through official notice was received at 2:53 p. m. Utah, the the Green Room to the Blue Room, where the Presi¬ thirty-sixth state to ratify, voted at 5:32 p. m., East¬ dent and Mrs. Roosevelt, standing before a screen ern Standard Time, and the official notification was of palms and ferns, received the guests. Light re¬ received at 5:35 p. m. Then under Klieg lights and freshments were served in the State dining room, batteries of microphones and cameras, Acting Sec¬ after which there was dancing in the East Room. retary Phillips affixed his signature to the Repeal The Marine Band furnished the music during the Proclamation at 5:49% P- m. evening. The Honorable Francis Bowes Sayre, having been Mrs. Roosevelt has been holding a series of after¬ appointed by the President to be Assistant Secre¬ noon teas at the White House as a means of promot¬ tary of State, entered upon his duties in that capac¬ ing good fellowship among the women executives ity on November 27. in the various Federal departments. The first of Mr. Sayre was born at South Bethlehem, Pa., the series was held early in November, when the April 30, 1885. He graduated from Williams Col- 17 ment to the newspaper correspondents on Novem¬ ber 17 the following charming remarks relative to the enjoyment he had had in his work and associa¬ tions in the Department: "[ value my association with the gracious and considerate and courtly Secretary Hull; my more intimate association has been with the Acting Secretary (Mr. William Phillips) because he was here when 1 first came to the Department in the middle of June, and I soon began to appreciate the value of the wonderful background of experience that he had—three limes Assistant Secretary of State, now for the second time Under Secretary; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary to the Netherlands and Luxem¬ burg; Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to Belgium; Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipoten¬ tiary to Canada; crowned with honor and with degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master s degree by Harvard. When there was a difficult problem f knew 1 could go to him. Beyond that I want to say, though hidden as if by a kind of shyness, I discovered one of the finest and most consider¬ ate, appreciative, lovable and splendid gentlemen that 1 have ever known. I deem it an honor and a privilege to have been associated with him. “And just a word about the others in the Department, ladies and gentlemen, whom you gentlemen of the press probably do not often see: Dr. Feis and Mr. Livesey. the learned economic advisers; Dr. Cyril Wynne, Chief of the Division of Research and Publication; Miss Hanna of the Underwood & Underwood office of Coordination and Review, an indispensable and FRANCIS B. SAYRE valuable servant; and her assistant, Mrs. Halla: Hackworth Assistant Secretary of State and Metzger, Collins, Vallance, Matre and Flournoy and Miss O’Neill and Miss Rogers and others in the office of lege with the degree of A.B. in 1909 and from the the Legal Adviser; how often I have called upon them for Harvard Law School in 1912. He served as deputy help. Harry McBride, the gracious and able executive as¬ sistant; Latchford of the Treaty Division, what a valuable assistant District Attorney, New York County, N. Y., servant he is. One can sign his letters and his opinions 1912-13; i hereafter he w as assistant to the President almost with closed eyes. MacEachran. who was of such of Williams College and instructor in government great assistance in opening ways of understanding. Hodg- in the college from 1914 to 1917; the following don and Coulter of the Visa Division, and Mrs. Shipley of the Passport Division, always gracious, always anxious to year he was a Thayer teaching fellow at Harvard help. Men of the type of Pierrepont Moffat of Western Law School, and from 1919 to 1924 assistant pro¬ Europe and Dr. Hornbeck of Far East, and Murray, Kelley fessor of law% and from 1924 to 1933 professor, at and Packer and all the heads and chiefs of the divisions. Harvard University; he W'as also Director of the It has been a great privilege to have associated with them all. And, finally, McDermott and Foote, who have so gen¬ Harvard Institute of Criminal Law' from 1929 to erously interpreted me to the press. T hope they will miss 1933. From 1923 to 1925 Mr. Sayre was Adviser me as much as I miss them.” in Foreign Affairs to the Siamese Government; and since 1925 he has acted as jurisconsult to the Siamese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and during Mr. Wallace Murray, chief of the Division of that time negotiated on behalf of Siam new political Near Eastern Affairs, and Mrs. Murray sailed De¬ and commercial treaties with France, Great Britain, cember 14 on the S. S. Haiti for a short vacation at The Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Denmark and Port au Prince. They will be the guests during Sweden, 1925, Norway and Sweden, 1926, abolish¬ their stay in Haiti of Mr. and Mrs. Sidney de la ing extraterritoriality in Siam; also a treaty of ar¬ Rue. Mr. de la Rue is the Financial Adviser of bitration with Great Britain in 1925. For his dis¬ Haiti. tinguished services in this connection Mr. Sayre received many foreign decorations. Mr. Sayre mar¬ ried on November 25, 1913, Jessie, daughter of Captain Eugene Regnier, formerly aide to Secre¬ President Woodrow Wilson, and they have three tary Stimson, and who since last March has been children. stationed at Fort Bliss, Texas, was married Novem¬ ber 29 at Las Cruces, New Mexico, to Mrs. J. S. When Mr. Harry F. Payer resigned last month Richmond. After a short honeymoon, Captain and his position as Assistant Secretary of State, in order Mrs. Regnier were to return to Fort Bliss. Captain to take over some responsible work in the Recon¬ Regnier’s many friends in the Department extend struction Finance Corporation, he made in a state¬ their congratulations and best wishes. 18 Mr. Ray Atherton, Counselor of Embassy at Lon¬ N. W., is chairman of the committee in charge of don, and Mrs. Atherton were in Washington during these luncheons; but notice of intention to attend November, staying with Mr. and Mrs. Franklin the next luncheon should be sent to Mrs. Walton Mott Gunther. Mrs. Atherton and Mrs. Gunther C. Ferris, 2101 Connecticut Avenue, N. W., at least are sisters. Mrs. Gunther has only recently re¬ four days in advance. opened her Georgetown residence after spending several months in Europe. Mr. Charles C. Hart, retiring American Minister Alanson B. Houghton, former American Ambas¬ to Persia, was the guest of honor at a “stag” din¬ sador to Great Britain, is the new president of the ner given on December 16, 1933, in the Pan- Washington Branch of the English Speaking Union. American room of the Mayflower Hotel by His Mr. and Mrs. Houghton have recently completed a Excellency, Mr. Faik Konitza, Minister of Albania. handsome new residence on Massachusetts Avenue, It will Ire recalled that Mr. Hart, prior to his ap¬ just opposite the British Embassy. pointment as Minister to Persia, was Minister to Albania, at which time he and Mr. Konitza estab¬ lished a cordial friendship. The guests numbered Mr. Charles C. Eberhardt was visiting Wash¬ 35 and were composed chiefly of newspaper ington last month; he was then on his way to friends of Mr. Hart who had known him when he Salina, Kansas, to spend Thanksgiving and Christ¬ was Washington correspondent of various Western mas with his family. He contemplates trips to newspapers. Mexico, Spain, and the Argentine during the New Year.

FROM THE VISITORS’ REGISTER The fire which occurred last November in one Room 115, Department of State of the temporary Government buildings on the Date Mall, trifling though it fortunately was, stands, so Nov. the Washington Evening Star states, as a warning Alfred T. Burri, Basel 16 of the necessity of prompt action in carrying out Samuel S. Dickson, Habana 17 Stanley G. Slavens, Buenos Aires 17 the building program designed to give the Govern¬ Honorable William Dawson, Quito, Ecuador 20 ment a complete and safe equipment for the trans¬ Carlos J. Warner, Bogota 20 action of its business. William W. Schott, Mexico City..... 20 The public building program has progressed sat¬ Will L. Lowrie, Frankfort-on-Main _ 21 Stanley Woodward, Port au Prince, Haiti 21 isfactorily up to the point of the occupation of two Julius Wadsworth, Oslo 21 of the units of the Mall-Avenue triangle group, the C. Van II. Engert, Cairo _ 21 Department of Commerce and the Internal Revenue Joseph C. Satterthwaite, Mexico City 22 office. Three others are under construction, the R. M. de Lambert, Lima, Peru 22 William D. Moreland, Antwerp 23 Labor-Post Office-Interstate Commerce unit, the De¬ Andrew W. Edson, Mukden 24 partment of Justice and the Archives Building. In H. S. Goold, Beirut 27 addition, the Department of Agriculture accommo¬ Henry A. W. Beck, Tsingtao 27 dations have been extended. There remains for au¬ Terry S. Hinkle, Halifax, N. S 27 thorization and undertaking in the triangle group Carl A. Fisher, The Hague 27 Walter H. Schoellkopf, Madrid 27 the Apex Building, at the east end of the triangle, John E. Holler, Colon 28 and the final section of the Internal Revenue struc¬ John Q. Wood, F. S. O., retired 28 ture, the latter impossible of beginning until the Jack D. Neal, Mexico City 29 Post Office Department is vacated and the site thus Helen M. Walther, Buenos Aires 29 George A. Bucklin, Victoria, B. C 29 made available. Also remaining are new homes Dec. for the War and Navy Departments. Russell B. Jordan, Ottawa 1 Honorable Charles C. Hart 1 The Women of the American Foreign Service Ellis 0. Briggs, Habana 4 L. E. Thompson, Geneva 5 met at luncheon on December 6 at the Highlands. Warden McK. Wilson, The Hague ... 5 These monthly luncheons are very popular with the William C. Burdett, Panama 7 wives and relatives of Foreign Service officers on Andrew S. Donovan, II, Mexico City ___ 11 duty in Washington, including the retired members George Bliss Lane, Montreal 11 Edward L. Reed, Habana 11 of the Service who are living in the vicinity. The A. S. Browne, Rio de Janeiro 13 next luncheon will be held on January 10, and the George S. Messersmith, Berlin 14 wives of visiting officers are cordially invited to at¬ Honorable Hoffman Philip, Oslo 14 tend. Mrs. Earl L. Packer, 1415 Van Buren Street, 19 FRANKFORT-ON-MAIN wheel of his car, which has gone almost around the world with him and Mrs. Lowrie-—and started out Consul General Lowrie’s transfer to the Depart¬ for Nancy, France, the first lap of his drive to ment of State was the occasion for a long series of Paris, then Le Havre, where they will embark. social gatherings such as have not been seen in The Lowries’ host of friends in Frankfort and Frankfort since the pre-depression days. The en¬ surroundings deeply regretted their departure, and, tertaining in his and Mrs. Lowrie’s honor ranged as doyen of the Frankfort Consular Corps, he will from luncheons to evening receptions with buffet be missed by his foreign colleagues. Through his suppers; from afternoon teas, with bridge and long experience as a consular officer in many coun¬ dancing, to formal dinner parties. tries, Mr. Lowrie was admirably fitted for the dean- Not many could have borne up under this con¬ ship of such a large consular corps as the Frank¬ stant strain of hospitality but both Mr. and Mrs. fort one (41 consular establishments, career and Lowrie did so without any show of fatigue, and honorary) and knowing this the members often when the day of departure came—when all the work came to him for advice and counsel. of dismantling their large house on the Forsthaus R. W. H. Strasse had been completed—Mr. Lowrie took the November 1, 1933.

DINNER PARTY AT HOME OF CONSUL AND MRS. R. W. HEINCARTNER IN HONOR OF CONSUL GENERAL AND MRS. W. L. LOWRIE Seated (from left to right) : Mrs. Smallhones, Mrs. Lowrie, Consul General Lowrie, Mrs. Ileingartner, Mrs. Zaleski. Standing (from left to right) : Consul General Zaleski (Poland), Consid General Smallhones (Great Britain), Mrs. Dufort, Consul General Pascale (Italy), Mrs. Redecker, Oscar Franklin Oppenheimer, Consul Heingartner, Consul Leonard (Belgium) and Consul General Dufort (France). 20 JHE AMERICAN FOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

BUDAPEST rode “High Boy,” owned by his partner, Mr. Ed¬ Recent guests of Minister John F. Montgomery ward Patterson, who was mounted on “Teddy.” Readers of the JOURNAL have noted with interest included Ambassador John Cudahy, Ministers the accomplishments of members of the Service in Charles S. Wilson, George H. Earl and Consul Gen¬ golf and tennis, and it is with genuine pride that eral and Mrs. Ernest L. Harris. Mr. Harry A. we report Mr. Harlow’s equestrian accomplish¬ Franck, well known travel writer, was also a recent ments. The American Minister, Hon. Warren D. visitor to Budapest. He is making a trip around the Robbins, and the members of his staff, as well as world writing weekly travel letters to several thou¬ those of the Consulate General, were among those sand American boys and girls for World Letters present at the Fair who congratulated “Bill” on Incorporated. He has been in Europe for about six his deserved recognition. weeks and does not expect to return to the United States until next July. Mr. Franck already has a wide acquaintance in the Foreign Service and asked particularly about Jefferson Patterson, John A. Gamon and Arminius T. Haeberle. SHANGHAI J. B. S. NOVEMBER, 1933. At a reception given on October 31, 1933, the MARSEILLE Consulate General was presented by the American During October the following consular officers community of Shanghai with a portrait of Consul passed through Marseilles: Consul David B. Mac- General Cunningham, painted by Dwight Bridge, an American artist recently in Shanghai. Mr. C. gowan from Bern, who was spending his vacation H. French, President of the American Chamber of on the Riviera; Consul General Lester Maynard, on his way to his post at Copenhagen; Vice Consul Commerce, made the opening address, in which he Morris N. Hughes, on his way to the United States expressed the community’s appreciation of the many and to his new post at Tokyo. services rendered on its behalf by the Consul Gen¬ Neils I. Nielsen, United States Agricultural At¬ eral during his fourteen years at Shanghai. Mr. French read a commendatory letter from ex-Min- tache, whose office has been up to recently at Mar¬ seilles, left for Paris, where he will be attached to ister Jacob Gould Schurman. Judge Purdy then the American Embassy. Before his departure, Con¬ made the dedicatory address, lauding Mr. and Mrs. sul General John A. Gamon and Mrs. Gamon gave Cunningham for the enviable position they had at¬ a farewell reception in his honor at which Mr. tained in Shanghai and expressing the hope that Nielsen was presented by the consular staff with a the future would bring still further honors. Mr. small remembrance of his stay at Marseilles. The Cunningham replied briefly, thanking the commu¬ Consul General made a short felicitation speech nity for the honor it had bestowed upon him. The referring to the close cooperation of the two offices, porrtait was then unveiled as the band played the and Mr. Nielsen responded. “Star Spangled Banner.” J. F. M. The following Service people have visited Shang¬ hai during recent weeks: Consul General Arthur Garrels, Tokyo; Consul and Mrs. Arthur C. Berger, OTTAWA Tsingtao; Vice Consul and Mrs. James B. Pilcher, DECEMBER 7, 1933. Hankow; Vice Consul Edmund J. Dorsz, Kobe; The Ottawa Winter Fair and Horse Show was Vice Consul L. Randolph Higgs, Batavia; Vice held as usual in November last at the Coliseum, Consul Ralph J. Blake, Harbin; and Vice Consul under the distinguished patronage and in the im¬ Andrew W. Edson, Mukden. mediate presence of their Excellencies, the Earl of H. V. C., JR. Bessborough, Governor General of Canada, and Countess Bessborough. and the members of their staff. The Consular Corps in Ottawa was repre¬ sented in the many entries in the Horse Show by Vice Consul Lincoln C. Reynolds, wdien return¬ Mr. William McC. Harlow, District Accounting ing to his post at Foochow, China, after a short and Disbursing Officer, who carried away second vacation at Nanking, met with a serious aeroplane honors in the unusually large class of the entries accident on November 24. His injuries necessi¬ competing in the difficult pair jumping event, the tated hospital treatment, but the latest report was riders being required to perform six jumps, w'ith that he would soon leave the hospital and resume faults to count as against one horse. Mr. Harlow his duties. 21 HP T»E AMERICAN FOREIGN ftERVICEJOURNAL

The China Weekly Review of September 16, 1933, Would it help any it they went brunette? They would still contained a picture of Consul General George C, he women.” Hanson playing golf with a special guard of five Against the invasion of this group bottles con¬ White Russian Special Police attached to the Har¬ taining all shades of hair dye have been stocked and bin Bureau of Public Safety. This picture was it is felt that the American dve trade in Tibet will taken after several foreigners had been wounded by be stimulated by the bew ildering spectacle of over¬ bandits on the golf course. night changes in the hirsute color scheme adopted by the ladies of the party. With apologies to Anita Loos, “Tibetans Prefer Redheads.” YUNNANFU C. S. R., II. OCTOBER 11, 1933. “Light or Dark” generally, and appropriately, NO SATURDAY SIGNATURE queries a preference in beer. But one party of self- Recently a Visa Office was upset by a stubborn announced hardy explorers holds a different opin¬ little Jewish hoy of fourteen who threw a monkey ion on the subject. Fortunately, as the enquiry was wrench into his mother’s plans for leaving the city addressed to and answered by a missionary, who the next day by refusing to sign his name to a visa later sent on the letter for the edification of the application because it was Saturday. No manner Consulate, there was no necessity of committing the of persuasion would budge him so finally his dis¬ United States Government officially or the office in tracted mother said she would take him to the Rab¬ charge individually in the matter of “what color bi, who would convince the lad that it was not a sin hair the Tibetan explorer should wear.” Quoting to sign his name on Saturday when it was necessary in part: to do so, and return in an hour or so. However, they “Of course we realize your country isn’t a parlor and did not return to the office until Monday, as the that is why we want to get any advance information pos¬ lad refused to see the Rabbi and wras too large to be sible. Two of the party think the blond women are a menace to the success of the party, because of the peculiar taken by his mother to the woodshed. customs and living conditions of the people and country. J. B. S.

Photo from If. Donovan STAFF OF AMERICAN CONSULATE, KOBE, JAPAN, SEPTEMBER, 1933 Seated (left to right) : Clerk Tsuta Kawamoto, Vice Consul Otis W. Rhoades, Vice Consul Walter P. McConaughy, Vice Consul Kenneth C. Krentz, Consul Howard Donovan, Vice Consul Edmund J. Dorsz, Vice Consul Robert Mills McClin- tock, Interpreter Ichiro Suzuki, American Clerk Mrs. R. J. Graciani, Clerk Mitsu Handa. Standing (left to right): Messenger Kamei, Clerks Noda, Taniguchi, Morino, Kishioka, Hirayama, Muto, Messenger Shimizu, Janitor Shimmi. 22 Division of Foreign Service Personnel

THE Division of For¬ (e) To interview appli¬ eign Service Person¬ cants and prospective ap¬ plicants for the Consular nel was established by Service. Executive Order of (f) To keep as a part of September 11, 1929, ef¬ the efficiency records of con¬ fective September 16, sular officers and employees 1929, and later its or¬ all portions of the reports of Consuls General-at-Large, ganization and func¬ Consuls General, Consuls, tions were generally de¬ and others, which relate to fined legislatively by consular personnel. the Moses - Linthicum Act of February 23, In order adequately 1931. Prior to 1931 the to carry out the provi¬ Division operated under sions of the Act of May Departmental Order of 24, 1924, establishing December 30, 1929. the Foreign Service, which prescribed the there was constituted a duties of the office, and Foreign Service Person¬ on the same date Homer nel Board by Executive M. Byington, F oreign Order of June 7, 1924. Service Officer of Class This Executive Order I, was designated as the also constituted an Ex¬ first Chief of the Divi¬ ecutive Committee of sion, and he continued the Foreign Service Per- in that position up to sonel Board to be com¬ September 1, 1933. posed of a chairman, Thomas M. Wilson, and two other members who were to be Foreign Foreign Service Officer THOMAS M. WILSON Service Officers of high of Class I, succeeded Mr. Chief, Division of Foreign Service Personnel Byington and is the pres¬ rank representing both ent Chief of the Division. the diplomatic and the The first office established in the Department consular branches of the Foreign Service. The solely for the purpose of dealing with per¬ Secretary of State was authorized to prescribe the sonnel and personnel records was the Office of duties of the Executive Committee, which he did Consular Personnel, established by Departmental in Departmental Order dated June 9, 1924, as Order No. 224 of September 1, 1921, under the im¬ follows: mediate direction of the Director of the Consular 1. To take into its possession and consolidate imme¬ Service. The late Consul General Nathaniel B. diately all records and material relating to the personnel Stewart was the first Chief of that Office, and for¬ of the Foreign Service, both diplomatic and consular. The Diplomatic Bureau and the Consular Bureau and the Office mer Consul General Edward J. Norton was the of Consular Personnel will promptly surrender all such files second and only other Chief. Mr. Norton was and records as may be in their possession. designated Chief by Departmental Order of Sep¬ 2. To keep the efficiency records of all Foreign Service tember 18, 1923, and served until the Office was officers and employees. abolished on July 1, 1924. 3. To collect, collate, and record pertinent data relating The duties of the Office of Consular Personnel, to Foreign Service personnel. 4. To submit to the Foreign Service Personnel Board rec¬ as defined in the Departmental Order establishing ommendations for the assignment of officers to posts and it, were as follows: the transfer of such officers from one branch of the Service (a) To keep the efficiency records of all officers and to the other. employees of the Consular Service. 5. To recommend the granting of leaves of absence. (b) To collect, collate, and record pertinent data relat¬ 6. To interview applicants and prospective applicants for ing to consular personnel. the Foreign Service. (c) To maintain contact with consular officers and em¬ 7. To examine and recommend for appointment appli¬ ployees while on visits to the United States. cants for positions as subordinate employees in the Foreign (d) To bring to the attention of educational and other Service. institutions and individuals the advantages of the con¬ 8. To maintain contact with Foreign Service officers and sular career. 1 i employees while on visits to the United States. For this- 23 purpose a register of visiting officers and employees shall assignments which consumed a comparatively large be kept. proportion of their time, Mr. Wilson being at the This Order also directed that at least once a same time Chief of the Division of Current Infor¬ year, or whenever the Secretary of State so or¬ mation, Mr. Dawson and Mr. Stewart Chief In¬ dered, “all personnel records, ratings, and accu¬ structors of the Foreign Service School, and Mr. mulated material shall be examined impartially by Shaw Chief of the Division of Near Eastern a board of review and a report rendered to the Affairs. Foreign Service Personnel Board as to the rela¬ Foreign Service Officers, who have been at¬ tive standing of officers and employees. The Board tached to the Office of Consular Personnel or the of Review shall be composed of five members, of Executive Committee, but who have not been Chief whom the chairman of the Executive Committee or member of the Committee, are Consuls General shall he the chairman and the remaining four Roger C. Tredwell and Frank C. Lee, and former drawn from Foreign Service officers of high rank Counselor of Legation Frederic R. Dolbeare. The by the Secretary of State.” However, the constitu¬ present Chief of the Division also served in the tion of the Board of Review' was altered by De¬ Office of Consular Personnel from 1923 to 1925. partmental Order of June 16, 1926, to that “no The Executive Committee was, in fact, an anom¬ Foreign Service officer while serving as a member aly and was actually a separate entity of the De¬ of the executive committee of the Foreign Service partment having definite functions. In order to Personnel Board shall be a member of a Board of correct the anomaly, Executive Order of Septem¬ Review.” Boards of Review were in no sense part ber 11, 1929, directed that “there shall be in the of the Executive Committee and they made their Department of Stale a Division of Foreign Service reports directly to the Foreign Service Personnel Personnel to which shall be attached not more Board. than three Personnel Officers, at least one of whom The members of the Executive Committee from shall be a Foreign Service officer of high rank, July 1, 1924, to September 16, 1929, when it was to be chosen by the Secretary of State upon the abolished by Executive Order of September 11, recommendation of the Personnel Board.” The 1929, were as follows: Secretary was also authorized to prescribe the du¬ July 1, 1924, to January 8, 1925: ties of that Division, which was done in Depart¬ Charles C. Eberhardt, Chairman. mental Order of December 30, 1929, as follows: Hugh R. Wilson. Edward J. Norton. 1. To maintain contact with Foreign Service officers and employees while on visits to the United States. January 8, 1925, to March 14, 1925: 2. To discuss with Foreign Service officers ways for the Charles C. Eberhardt, Chairman. development and improvement of their work. Hugh R. Wilson. 3. To confer with the geographical divisions of the De¬ William Dawson. partment concerning the work of Foreign Service officers. March 14, 1925, to November 18, 1925: 4. To interview applicants and prospective applicants for Hugh R. Wilson, Chairman. the Foreign Service. William Dawson. 5. To examine and recommend for appointment appli¬ Ralph J. Totten. cants for positions as subordinate employees in the Foreign November 18, 1925, to April 23, 1927: Service. Hugh R. Wilson, Chairman. 6. To collect, collate and record pertinent data relating William Dawson. to Foreign Service personnel. Edward J. Norton. 7. To keep the efficiency records of all Foreign Service April 23, 1927, to September 11, 1928: officers and employees. Edward J. Norton, Chairman. 8. To hold strictly confidential all personnel records of William Dawson. the Foreign Service, and to reveal no papers, documents, G. Howland Shaw. data or reports relating thereto, except to the Secretary of September 11, 1928, to September 16, 1929: State and to members of the Personnel Board. Edward J. Norton, Chairman. 9. To keep the records of the Board of Examiners for the Foreign Service and attend to all details connected with G. Howland Shaw. James B. Stewart. the holding of examinations for the Foreign Service. 10. To submit recommendations on all matters within From July 1, 1924, to March 14. 1925. Mr. the authority of the Personnel Board. Eberhardt devoted his entire time to the work and 11. To attend, through the personnel officers assigned to was active chief of the office of the Executive the Division, the meetings of the Personnel Board when so Committee. From March 14, 1925, to November directed. 18, 1925, Mr. Totten acted as the chief of the Under the provisions of the Aet of February office, and from November 18, 1925, to Septem¬ 23. 1931. the Division “shall assemble, record, ber 16, 1929, the date of the discontinuance of the and be the custodian of all available information Executive Committee, Mr. Norton acted as chief. in regard to ihe character, ability, conduct, quality The other members of the Committee had other of work, industry, experience, dependability and 24 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

general availability of Foreign Service officers, The duties of the Division were prescribed gen¬ including reports of inspecting officers and the erally after the enactment of the Moses-Linthicum efficiency reports of supervising officers.” The Act Act in Executive Order No. 5642, of June 8, 1931, further provides as follows: which also authorized the Secretary of State “to “All such information shall be appraised at least once prescribe additional rules and regulations for the in two years and the result of such appraisal expressed in administration of the Foreign Service.” The fol¬ terms of excellent, very good, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory, lowing duties were prescribed in Departmental accompanied by a concise statement of the considerations upon which they are based, shall be entered upon records to Order No. 520, of June 19, 1931, and are at be known as the efficiency records of the officers, and shall present in effect: constitute their efficiency ratings for the period. No charges (1) To maintain contact with Foreign Service officer* 1 against an officer that would adversely affect his efficiency and employees while on visits to the United States. rating or his value to the Service, if true, shall be taken (2) To discuss with Foreign Service officers ways for the into consideration in determining his efficiency rating except development and improvement of their work. after the officer shall have had opportunity to reply thereto. (3) To confer with the divisions of the Department con¬ . . . Not later than November 1 at least every two years, the cerning the work of Foreign Service officers. Division of Foreign Service Personnel shall, under the su¬ (4) To interview applicants and prospective applicants pervision of the Assistant Secretary of State, prepare a list for the Foreign Service. in which all Foreign Service officers shall be graded in (5) To examine and recommend for appointment appli¬ accordance with their relative efficiency and value to the cants for positions as subordinate employees in the Foreign Service. In this list officers shall be graded as excellent, Service and to keep the efficiency records and other perti¬ very good, satisfactory, or unsatisfactory with such further nent data concerning all employees of the Foreign Service- subclassification as may be found necessary. . . This list (6) To keep records of the Board of Examiners for the shall not become effective in so far as it affects promotion Foreign Service and attend to all details connected with the until it has been considered by the Board of Foreign Service holding of examinations for the Foreign Service. Personnel hereinbefore provided for and approved by the (7) To submit recommendations on all matters within Secretary of State. . . From this list of all Foreign Service the authority of the Personnel Board. officers recommendations for promotion shall be made in the order of their ascertained merit within classes.”^ This order also designated Mr. Homer M. By- The Act also provides that no Foreign Service ington Chief of the Division of Foreign Service officer below Class I shall be assigned for duty in Personnel and directed that he should attend the the Division and that Foreign Service Officers as¬ meetings of the Personnel Board as authorized by signed to the Division shall not be eligible for Act of February 23, 1931. recommendation by the Foreign Service Personnel The duties of the Personnel Board are set forth Board for promotion to the grade of minister or in Executive Order No. 5642 of June 8, 1931, and ambassador during the period of such assign¬ the Division is required to submit recommenda¬ ment or for three years thereafter. tions on them. They are as follows: The Chief of the Division is a member of the (1) To consider and to submit to the Secretary of State Board of Examiners. The Division submits writ¬ for approval, lists of Foreign Service officers prepared in ten recommendations to the Personnel Board re¬ accordance with law by the Division of Foreign Service Personnel, in which all Foreign Service officers shall be garding the right of clerks in the Foreign Service graded in accordance with their relative efficiency and to exemption from the written examinations. The value to the service. All officers rated satisfactory or above Division also submits to the Board recommenda¬ shall be eligible for promotion in the order of merit to the tions regarding the unsatisfactory character of the minimum salary of the next higher class. (2) To recommend promotions in the Foreign Service, efficiency ratings of officers. Recommendations and to furnish the Secretary of State with lists of Foreign are made, in order of merit, as shown by ratings Service officers who have demonstrated special capacity for in the examination for appointment to the un¬ promotion to the grade of minister. Lists of officers recom¬ classified grade, with commissions also as diplo¬ mended for promotion to the grade of minister shall enu¬ merate the officers in the order of merit, and each list shall matic secretaries and vice consuls, of those who supersede all previous lists; such lists are submitted to the have successfully passed the examinations. The Secretary of State whenever there are vacancies in the Chief of the Division is on the Foreign Service grade of minister or when requested by the President or the School Board. The Chief of the Division and one Secretary of State. (3) To submit to the Secretary of State for his approval, other member may attend meetings of the Per¬ and for transmission thereafter to the President, the names sonnel Board and one of them shall act as Secre¬ of those officers and employees of the Department of State tary, but they shall not be entitled to vote in its who, after five years of continuous service in an executive proceedings. In fact, the Act of February 23, or quasi-executive position, are recommended for appoint¬ 1931, provides that no such officer may be “given ment by transfer to the position of Foreign Service officer. (4) To submit to the Secretary of State the names of any authority except of a purely advisory charac¬ those Foreign Service officers who are recommended for ter, over promotions, demotions, transfers, or sep¬ designation as counselors of embassy or legation. arations from the service of Foreign Service (5) To recommend to the Secretary of State the assign- officers.” (Continued to page 33) 25 Edwin A. Plitt, of Hamilton, Md., American Consul at FOREIGN SERVICE CHANGES Athens, Greece, assigned Consul at Paris, France. Released for publication, November 18, 1933 The following changes have occurred in the For¬ Released for publication, December 9, 1933 eign Service since November 11, 1933: The following changes have occurred in the For¬ Garret G. Ackerson, lr., of Hackensack, N. J., now Third eign Service since December 2, 1933: Secretary of Embassy at Lima, Peru, assigned American Vice Consul at Copenhagen, Denmark. Henry A. W. Beck of Indianapolis, Ind., American Vice George D. Andrews, Jr., of Chattanooga, Tenn., now Consul at Tsingtao, China, now in the United States, as¬ Third Secretary of Embassy at Habana, Cuba, designated signed Vice Consul at Athens, Greece. Third Secretary of Embassy at Tokyo, Japan. Ellis O. Briggs of Topsfield, Me., a Foreign Service Offi¬ Edward S. Crocker, 2nd, of Fitchburg, Mass., now Sec¬ cer assigned to the Department of State, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Habana, Cuba. ond Secretary of Legation at Stockholm, Sweden, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at Tokyo, Japan. Montgomery H. Colladay, of Hartford, Conn., American Vice Consul at Warsaw, Poland, now in the United States, Lewis W. Haskell of Columbia, S. C., now American Consul General at Zurich, Switzerland, will retire from assigned Vice Consul at Basel, Switzerland. William W. Butterworlh, Jr., of New Orleans, La., Third the Service on December 31, 1933. Secretary of Legation at Ottawa. Canada, designated Third John Farr Simmons of New York City, now American Secretary of Embassy at London, England. Consul General at Cologne, Germany, assigned to the De¬ Hallett Johnson of South Orange, N. J., now Counselor partment of State for duty. of Legation at The Hague, Netherlands, designated Coun¬ W. Quincy Stanton of Woodhaven, Long Island, now selor of Embassy at Madrid, Spain. American Vice Consul at San Salvador, El Salvador, desig¬ nated Third Secretary of Legation in addition to his con¬ sular duties. Merritt Swift of Washington, D. C., now First Secretary of Legation at Vienna, Austria, designated First Secretary of Legation at Stockholm, Sweden. Banking Service Non-Career Francis C. Jordan of Greensboro, N. C., now American To Foreign Service Officers Vice Consul at Colon, Panama, appointed Vice Consul at Panama, Panama.

Released for publication, November 25, 1933 The following changes have occurred in the For¬ With over forty-one years’ eign Service since November 18: experience in banking and trust business, we offer every financial Harold D. Finley of Saratoga Springs, N. Y., now Second Secretary of Legation at Panama, Panama, assigned Ameri¬ facility to those in the Foreign can Consul at Bordeaux, France. Service. Benjamin Muse of Petersburg, Va., First Secretary of Legation at Montevideo, Uruguay, assigned to the Depart¬ A banking connection in Wash¬ ment of State for duty. ington, D. C., with this Institu¬ Non-Career tion will be a source of satisfac¬ James Franklin Points of Staunton, Va., American Vice tion while on duty at a foreign Consul at Torreon, Mexico, died at his post on November post. 20, 1933.

Released for publication, December 2, 1933 The following changes have occurred in the For¬ eign Service since November 25, 1933: AMERICAN SECURITY George M. Graves of Bennington, Vt., Third Secretary » AND TRUST COMPANY ° J| of Legation at Managua, Nicaragua, assigned Vice Consul in addition to his diplomatic duties. 15TH AND PENNSYLVANIA AVE. Hayward G. Hill of Hammond, La., American Vice Con¬ sul at Yokohama, Japan, now on duty with the American Four Branches Delegation to the Seventh International Conference of American States at Montevideo, Uruguay, assigned Vice Capital .... $3,400,000 Consul at Buenos Aires, Argentina. Surplus .... $3,400,000 David J. D. Myers of La Fayette, Ga., American Consul at San Jose, Costa Rica, assigned Consul at Tenerife, Ca¬ WASHINGTON’S LARGEST nary Islands. Maurice Pasquet of New York City, American Vice Con¬ TRUST COMPANY sul at Paris, France, assigned Vice Consul at Glasgow, Scotland. 26 H. Freeman Matthews, of Baltimore, Md., a Foreign Serv¬ ice Officer assigned to the Department of State, designated First Secretary of Embassy at Habana, Cuba. Hugh Millard of Omaha, Nebr., Second Secretary of Embassy at Madrid, Spain, designated Second Secretary of Embassy at London, England. A Foreign Service Officer Edward L. Reed of Wayne, Pa., First Secretary of Em¬ bassy at Habana, Cuba, assigned to the Department of State for duty. Warden McK. Wilson of Indianapolis, Ind., First Secre¬ about to move— tary of Legation at Caracas, Venezuela, now in the United States, designated First Secretary of Legation at The Hague, Netherlands. wrote us asking if we could supply a Security Non-Career (Steel) lift van in M . Just the week be¬ Keith Ernest Burton has been appointed American Con¬ fore we had packed a diplomat’s goods and sular Agent at Roseau, Dominica, B. W. L, to succeed shipped them to M . Had we known in Henry A. Frampton, who died at his post on September time we could have shipped them in one of 4, 1933. (No list issued December 16) our vans. To many places we cannot send our vans without assurance of a return load, because the facilities for storing the vans are NEW YORK TIMES OBSERVES lacking or excessively cosdy. Therefore, help SERVICE PLIGHT us to help you by sending enquiries or in¬ “Our Foreign Service Pinched Financially” was formation about prospective removals as much the title of a lengthy article by Clair Price in the in advance as possible. New York Times of November 19 last. The open¬ ing paragraph read as follows: INSURANCE ORDERS “There is a certain American consul, somewhere in Europe, whose wife is selling cakes to her neighbors in and duplicates are now on file at consulates order to eke out what remains of her husband’s consular salary after the Economy Act and the exchange rate have and legations for your convenience in order¬ done their worst with it. There is another consul who has ing insurance on shipments or the Govern¬ had to give up his flat and send his family home to be sup¬ ment Service Policy. Give the American ported by his wife’s parents while he maintains the dignity Underwriters a chance. Their policies are of his government in a foreign boarding house.” economical, safe, and generally better suited The article then went on to say that the Economy to your needs and adjustment of losses are Act had done away with all post allowances, enter¬ more easily handled. tainment allowances and income tax exemption. It reduced rent allowances by 60 per cent and salaries by 15 per cent. The salary cut is universal and ap¬ If in Europe address our European office plies to all grades of the Service. “To the effects of the Economy Act have been added those of the flucutations of exchange since the United States left the gold standard. ... In countries which have gone JJmipif'g jSforagp (Jompang off gold, you find that the Foreign Service is roughly 30 per cent worse off than it is in the gold countries. A safe depository for 43 years .... In Spain the decline is estimated at 50 per 1140 Fifteenth Street, Washington cent as compared with June, 1930, and more as compared with June, 1931. This despite the fact that the cost of living in Spain has steadily in¬ European Office creased until it is now 86 per cent more than in 31 Place du Marche St. Honore 1913 The upshot of all this is that it is easy PARIS enough to impose a 15 per cent economy cut, based upon a 22 per cent decline in the cost of living in Agents in all principal cities through whom the United States, but it is less easy to impose an we undertake packing and stuffing household equitable cut on a Service which has to cope with goods to and from anywhere—from a fackage foreign costs of living and also with the incalculable to a houseful vagaries of foreign exchange. In the countries which are off gold, the Foreign Service is now so hard-hit C. A. ASPINWALL, President. that its members are finding it difficult to live on what remains of their salaries.” 27 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

BIRTHS A daughter, Ann Virginia Rose, was born on November 20, 1933, at Rotterdam, Netherlands, to A daughter, Katherine Eno Henderson, was born Vice Consul and Mrs. Halleek Lovejoy Rose. on October 18, 1933, at Washington, D. C., to Vice Consul and Mrs. James E. Henderson. Mr. Hen¬ A daughter, Jean Stewart Spruks. was born on derson is detailed temporarily to the Department. December 10, 1933, at Washington, D. C., to Mr. and Mrs. Henry Charles Spruks. Mr. Spruks is now A son, Michael Neale Zirkle, was born on Oc¬ a drafting officer in the Visa Division, Department tober 23, 1933, at Caracas, Venezuela, to Mr. and of State. Mrs. Vernon B. Zirkle. Mr. Zirkle, who was for¬ merly in the Department of State, is now clerk at the American Legation at Caracas. PERMITTE DIVIS CETERA (HORACE. ODES. I-ix) A son, Robert Lane Chapman, was born on Oc¬ Soracte stands all white with driven snow; tober 24, 1933, at London, England, to Consul and The moaning trees their load can scarcely bear Mrs. William E. Chapman. Mr. Chapman is sta¬ On bended branches; and the river’s flow tioned at Bilboa, Spain. Is halted by the ice. Come, banish care. Forget the cold, and on the blazing hearth A son was born on November 2. 1933, at San Throw log on log! Pour from the gurgling jar Jose, Costa Rica, to Mr. and Mrs. Edward G. True- The old Sabinian wine! And then make mirth. blood. Mr. Trueblood is Third Secretary at the Let nought the pleasure of our feasting mar. American Legation at San Jose. l eave to the gods the rest. The winds that lash r The wide tempestuous seas full soon A daughter, Barbara Ann Christy, was born on Shall be allayed. The cypress and the ash November 7, 1933, at Berlin, Germany, to Mr. and Again their gentle murmurs will attune. Mrs. Donald Fleshner Christy. Mr. Christy is As¬ What store have future days forbear to ask. sistant Agricultural Attache (U. S. Department of The pleasure each day brings, that count as gain. Agriculture) at Berlin. Spurn neither love nor dance. In dalliance bask Ere crabbed age turns pleasure into pain.

A trysting-hour with love in shady nook— A gentle whisper mingling with the breeze— A pledge of love, given with love’s fond look— Come, Thaliarchus, let’s enjoy all these Ere Winter’s snows our youthful ardor freeze. HERBERT O. WILLIAMS. MANCHESTER A letter reading as follows was recently received at this office: “GENTLEMEN : As our stock of Consuls is rather low, we should be obliged if you would kindly send us a further supply as soon as possible.” The following reply was suggested but, for ob¬ vious reasons, not sent. “SIRS: This office has no record of having previously supplied you with Consuls, and there being only one on file here, who cannot be spared, what can you offer for vice consuls? N. B. All our stock has been reduced by 15 per cent.” (A supply of consular invoice forms was sent to the firm.) W. E. M.

Our advertisers are friends of the Service and of the JOURNAL. If you cooperate with them whenever possible, and mention the JOURNAL to them, it will help your Staff to produce a better and more useful publication.

28 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

IN MEMORIAM

James Franklin Points, American Vice Consul at Torreon, Mexico, died suddenly at his post on November 20, 1933, from pulmonary tuberculosis. Distinguished members of He had not been in robust health for some years the Diplomatic Service fol¬ past. low tradition in selecting Mr. Points was born at Staunton, Va., October The Plaza as their New 15, 1878. For seven years he was connected with the Southern Railway in Washington, New York, York home. They find here a and Augusta, Ga., and later with the Great North¬ standard of excellence that ern Railway, Spokane and Wenatchee, Wash., un¬ is known in all countries.

til 1914 when he entered the automobile business Single rooms from $5. FACING CENTRAL PARK in Washington, D. C. On July 27, 1918, he was appointed Vice Consul at Vancouver, B. C. The • A 25% discount from room charges is following year he served for a brief period at allowed members of the Foreign Service. Halifax, N. S., and then in January, 1920, he Henry A. Rost, Managing Director, was transferred to Toronto, staying there until John D. Owen, Manager January, 1924. After a few months of duty at Sault Ste. Marie and later at Kingston, Jamaica, he resigned in April, 1925. He was reappointed in August, 1927, as Vice Consul at Nassau and served there until October 27, 1929, when he was transferred to Torreon. He is survived by his son, FIFTY-NINTH STREET AND FIFTH AVENUE Frank M. Points, 1934 Linden Street, Brooklyn, N. Y., and by two sisters: Mrs. Lenwood Ott, Chatham Courts, 1707 Columbia Road, N. W., Washington, D. C., and Mrs. Edward S. Baker, Staunton, Va. HOMELIKE, HENRY C. VON STRUVE WL th a panorama unequalled As a colleague of Consul Henry C. Von Struve, who died at his post on November 5, 1933, I feel qualified to elsewhere in j\lc w If or L jc-r leantip . . . express something of his worth to the Foreign Service, as I was privileged to serve in the same consular office with • The Savoy-Plaza provides the him for a considerable period and I believe enjoyed his homelike warmth and charm that intimate personal friendship. It is therefore fitting that informed travellers demand, plus superior service and an unsurpas¬ his colleagues who did not have the opportunity to know sed crusine. Single rooms from $5. him, or to know him well, should be told at this time of his strong character and of the qualifications which en¬ A 25% discount from room abled him to do any work entrusted to him with the high¬ charges is allowed members of est degree of efficiency and thoroughness. He had borne the Foreign Service. unusual personal disappointments and sorrows and while Henry A. Rost, Managtng Director he shared these with only his closest friends, they doubt- John F. Sanderson, Manager les accounted for his desire to live a quiet and relatively secluded life, in so far as this desire did not conflict with FIFTH AVE., 58th TO 59th STS. his duties as an officer, which always came first. As a companion, he possessed a keen and individual sense of humor and also depths of wisdom and learning that made his friendship of real value and always interesting and helpful in tempering ones own too dogmatic opinions. His loyalty and devotion to the Service were almst a religion. To say more would only dim the picture I have en¬ deavored to draw. I hope his friends and colleagues will be content thus to remember him and to measure the im¬ portance of his loss to our Service. OVERLOOKING CENTRAL PARK C. B. H. Abroad with the Geographic

By FREDERICK SIMPICH

READ by members in 143 published by The Society in countries of the world, We are glad to welcome Frederick 1932, about 25 per cent of the National Geographic Mag¬ Simpich in this issue of the Journal. the 4,831 place names are azine has become a conspic¬ new, or different from those uous force for international "F. S.”—highly-esteemed—our for¬ of a few years ago. The So¬ good will and understanding. mer colleague and one of the early ciety, among its many, many It goes to every nook and Editors of our publication—tells us maps, has issued a new one cranny of the globe where about the National Geographic Maga¬ of South America. With its English is read, reaching from zine in the foreign field. data on population, rains, 27,537 members in the British winds, crops, and industries, Isles and 8,662 in Australia, as well as facts of physical to 92 in Fiji and 18 in Iceland. geography and man’s work Its popularity among foreigners is partly due, like railways, canals, and cities, enough informa¬ as shown by their letters, to its thorough treatment tion is packed thereon to fill a 300-page book. of exploration, natural history, human and econom¬ To Foreign Service Officers, and their families, ic geography, its color photography and its maps. the swiftly-told, richly-illustrated stories of Ameri¬ In this age that is passing, The Magazine—in its can industries, states, and cities are of partic¬ 45 years of life—has recorded the exploration and ular interest. They indeed afford “news from division among the nations of useful areas on our home.” globe. Today there are no more fertile, inhabited “Reading your article on San Francisco was like regions of the earth to be explored and mapped. a trip back to the romantic old waterfront, in the Even over the few remaining, so-called “empty halcyon days of Three-Fingered Mike,” said one spaces,” if inhabited, some nation’s flag now flies, veteran consul “I was there myself when a and they enjoy some semblance of law, jurisdiction, bearded, sun-burned, khaki crowd was disembark¬ customs and postal services. Yet the map is never ing from the Philippines—away back in 1900—to static. Boundaries shift, new place names appear, the tune of ‘There’ll Be A Hot Time in the Old and old ones fade or change. On a new World Map, Town Tonight’ .... And there was!”

NEW HOME OF THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY, WASHINGTON, D. C.

30 The American scene, with all its familiar city streets and country nooks, its manners, vagaries and achievements, its farm and factory life, is dramati¬ cally painted in Geographic words and photo¬ graphs. Atlantic City, with its boardwalk crowds, roll¬ ing chairs, salt-water taffy, and sand sculptors. Newark, with the world’s busiest airport . . . planes in and out, day and night, moving like bobbins. Blast furnaces in Ohio, roaring pig iron into steel; tugboats puffing downstream to Old Man River; Barnum and Bailey’s Circus; county fairs; Every modern facility for the safe handling airplane races at Cleveland. and care of household treasures. Washington, D. C., at 4:30 p.m., when armies of clerks swarm from work; the massive new govern¬ ment buildings; cherry blossoms; tourist hordes; harangue in Congress. Smoke over Alabama, in¬ FEDERAL STORAGE dustrialization against agrarian tradition; bobcat hunting; fainting goats; lazy fishing. COMPANY Giant New York City, vertical travel in its eleva¬ tors equal to its total horizontal travel in trains, street cars, busses, etc The Great Mississippi Flood, with islands of dead mules floating down¬ FOREIGN SHIPPING stream, ridden by huzzards and hungry dogs Florida beaches in January, rubber suits, multi¬ (EXCLUSIVE agents in Washing¬ colored beach pajamas; dancing at Coconut Grove; Clipper planes to Havana, for a night at Sloppy ton for the famous Bowling Joe’s .... Restless, colorful, ever-changing America! Green STEEL LIFT VANS for Balancing all this, the trenchant prose of Wil¬ foreign shipments. Vans available liam Beebe, the naturalist; Roy Chapman Andrews, who found the dinosaur eggs, a theme now so hack¬ to and from principal cities through¬ neyed that it bores him; Murayama, painter of out the world. birds, insects, and fish; Byrd, Lindbergh, Kings- ford-Smith, Eckener, de Pinedo choosing The Geo¬ graphic in which to relate their air adventures. No other magazine covers so many fascinating INSURANCE fields. That is why, since the National Geographic Society was founded in the Cosmos Club at Wash¬ Our INSURANCE DEPART¬ ington forty odd years ago, more than 4,000,000 MENT provides policies designed people have joined it. It satisfies mans intellectual hunger to know how the other fellow lives. to meet every requirement. Whatever your own interest, or your family’s

hobby, whether fish, flowers, farms, or factories; DIRECTORS animals, archeology, astronomy, or aviation; min¬ ing, forestry, or transportation, all the geographic CHARLES S. BAKER JAMES M. JOHNSTON angles of that theme are covered when The Geo¬ H. RANDOLPH BARBEE HAROLD N. MARSH DANIEL L. BORDEN CARROLL MORGAN

graphic treats of that subject. HANSON E. ELY, JR, E. K. MORRIS School children by the tens of thousands use HENRY P. ERWIN CHARLES P. STONE The Geographic, as supplementary reading because NORMAN B. FROST CHARLES G. TREAT it “humanizes” and dramatizes geography, puts D. P. GAILLARD GRIFFITH WARFIELD flesh on the dull frame work of places, peoples and things. Through its simple text and fascinating pic¬ tures, your own child can see the outside world, and 1707 FLORIDA AVENUE keep in touch with this pulsating, mercurial America which—to all Foreign Service folk—is WASHINGTON, D. C., U. S. A. and always will be home. 31 of an old Cuban family, and Sweepstakes, a well born rowdy from North of the Tweed. Though the smaller in stature, Senor Chico views the world with a well-mannered tolerance horn of three years of world travel. Sweepstakes, with only as many months to his credit, is on the alert, as always, for some fresh mischief. The dogs belong to Vice Consul and Mrs. Ellis, and are, we are told, wrell known on Budapest’s Corso promenade and in the better cafes of tbe city.

“VIKING KNIGHTS: A STORY OF THE PAGAN NORTH” is the title of a new book by Consul Maurice P. Dunlap, published by The Moray Press, Edinburgh and London, 1933, 308 pages. An earlier work by the same author was “Stories of the Vikings.” As stated in the Forew'ord, Mr. Dunlap lived for ten years in the Northland, enjoy¬ ing true Viking hospitality, first in Norw ay, then in Denmark, in Sweden, and most recently in Scotland, Photo by E. V'. Polutnik and during that time he became an enthusiastic stu¬ CHICO AND SWEEPSTAKES dent of the Nordic lore as preserved in the old Norse The picture above is, we think, a very fine piece sagas and folk tales; also while in his travels in of dog photography from the camera of Vice Con¬ Scandinavia and Great Britain he followed the sul Ernest V. Polutnik at Budapest. Reading from “Viking Trail” and gathered a wealth of material left to right, the subjects are Chico, an “hidalgo” from the museums, old churches, and “noble ruins.” From this he has drawn for us a vivid, stirring tale of Norway’s hero King, Saint Olaf, who bound to himself a hand of knights, whose high standards Sail under the Stars and Stripes inspired by their noble leader rivaled those of King Arthur’s knights of the round-table. The story of their friendships, loves and adventures is admirably told, and at the same time the author achieved “the magic of the spoken word,” a reconstruction of Viking life that brings out some spiritual beauty that has lain forgotten. Mention must also be made of the large number of well selected illustrations; and, for those who would follow' the Viking Trail, there is in the Afterword a descriptive itinerary that is most complete. To Europe on the fastest A. E. I. cabin liners afloat

New S. S. MANHATTAN S. S. W ASHINGTON Q)our SHOPPING... NEW luxury in roomy cabins, spacious decks, delicious cuisine. . . . No 'wonder the We know all thcNewYork shops, their mer¬ Manhattan and Washington are so popular! chandise,styles and economical ways to buy. Six-day speed to Europe at low Cabin Class fares. With the Pres. Harding and Pres. We will shop with you when inNewYork, or Roosevelt they offer weekly service to Cobh, will purchase and ship to you. Alcmbers of Plymouth, Havre, Hamburg. the Foreign Service are iinding our shopping See your local agent. His services are free. bureau convenient. Send lor our literature.

UNITED STATES LINES Wisconsin MRS. LEWIS MIDDLETON Roosevelt Steamship Company, Inc. General Agents iM-’,! if., i 7 = 168 3 366 Fifth Avenue, NewYork,N.Y. Main Office: No. 1 Broadway, New York Offices in all principal cities of the world. 32 DIVISION OF FOREIGN SERVICE PERSONNEL “We Invite You to a (Continued, from page 25) Distinguished Hotel” ment of Foreign Service officers to posts and the transfer of such officers from one branch of the service to the other HOTEL POWHATAN according to the needs of the service. 18TH AND PENNSYLVANIA AVE. (6) To consider controversies and delinquencies among the service personnel and to recommend to the Secretary WASHINGTON, D. C. of State appropriate disciplinary action where required. Choice rooms with . . . 15% Discount allowed (7) To determine, for submission to the Secretary of State Diplomatic and Consular after considering recommendations of the Division of For¬ bath from Service! eign Service Personnel, that the efficiency rating of an offi¬ cer is unsatisfactory, thereby meaning below the standard ■ ONE BLOCK FROM STATE, WAR & NAVY BLDG. required for the service, in order that the Secretary of State | A REFINED HOTEL ON EUROPEAN PLAN may take appropriate action with respect to the separation from the Foreign Service of such unsatisfactory officers in accordance with law. Of the Division’s varied activities, the assign¬ FORTWENTY-EICHT Y EARS ment of officers and interviews with visiting offi¬ cers home on leave should be given especial men¬ we have photographed the majority of our tion. During 1931, the latest fiscal year when diplomatic and consular officers, and can supply normal conditions with regard to transfers and photographs of practically every “National leaves existed, it is estimated that 300 officers Notable.” visited the Department for periods varying from When tn Washington, let us add a few days to several weeks, and 198 regular your negative to our collection. transfers of career officers were made. Interviews With, and appointments and transfers of non¬ HARRIS & EWING career personnel also require considerable atten¬ 1313 F STREET N. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. tion from the Division. Phone National 8700 The work of handling all applications for ap¬ pointment as Foreign Service officers, which in¬ AN AMERICAN INSTITUTION cludes arrangements for the written, oral and physical portions of the examination, and the IN FOREIGN SERVICE conduct of the necessary correspondence with the Providing Rapid, Dependable Transport for Passengers, Express, and Mail Under Contract to the United States and Foreign Governments, Between candidates and others, as well as interviews with North America and 32 Countries and Colonies of the Western Hemisphere. them, is considerable. During the calendar year 1932 two examinations were held for candidates for appointment as Foreign Service officers, al¬ though one of them was completed during Janu¬ ary, 1933; 879 candidates were designated for the examinations, and of this number 712 took the written tests; 106 completed the examination by taking the oral tests; and 39 were successful. Efficiency reports on all Foreign Service officers, employees in both branches of the Service, and representatives of other departments abroad are sent in at stated periods by all supervising officers. The care and filing of these reports and the atten¬ tion necessary to give them and the recommenda¬ tions made form a large part of the work of the Division. As at present constituted, the Division consists of the Chief and five others, including Worthing¬ ton E. Stewart, Administrative Officer, and Edgar A. Shreve, Assistant Administrative Officer. An¬ other who served in the Office of the Executive Committee and in the Division from 1924 to the time of his retirement in 1932 is Miles M. Shand, who was Chief of the Bureau of Appointments for almost sixteen years. 33 HE MERICAN OREIGN • T A F gERVICE JOURNAL gj

ON THE COURSE OF EVENTS (Continued from page 15) at first when compared to the sudden outburst of manufacturing activity; thereafter, however, de¬ spite the decline in production, the indices of em¬ ployment and payrolls continued to mount through August and September, with only a very slight set-back in October (factory employment fell from 74.3 in September to 73.9 in October, and pay¬ rolls from 57.6 to 57.4). It is interesting to re¬ member in this connection that it was in August, after the high mark in factory production had been reached, that the campaign was carried on to cover the country with the “Blanket Code”—the European industry is President’s Reemployment Agreement (PRA) with traditionally watch¬ which the Blue Eagle was first associated—by ful of operating econ¬ which a minimum wage scale and maximum work¬ omies. Every precau¬ ing hours were rapidly extended over the country tion is taken to insure pending the relatively slower (though, in all the dependable operation circumstances, really very rapid) formulation of of its engines and special codes for individual industries under the machines. This pains¬ National Industrial Recovery Act. The suggestion taking care includes is strong that the expansion of manufacturing the use of specifically production from April to July was of a flash-in- correct lubricants and the-pan nature, carried on largely with long hours the counsel of scien¬ of work and low wages, without any substantial tific authority on lub¬ augmentation of factory workers’ incomes and so rication. Therefore— no adequate increase in the purchasing power of at least one of the principal classes upon whose of the foremost indus¬ effective demand a sustained level of activity in mass-production industry is obviously dependent. trial companies in Eu¬ On the other hand, the sustained increase there¬ after in the indices of employment and payrolls rope, 80% use Vacuum despite the recession in factory production sug¬ gests a significant alteration in this situation: It Oil Company lubricants is not unreasonable to expect the increased income of factory wage earners to exert a definite influ¬ for tlieir exacting re¬ ence toward a more sustained manufacturing re¬ covery. Of course a definite conclusion depends quirements. upon many additional factors, including the inter¬ relation of costs and prices, but the suggestion is The practical help of Vacuum undeniably a significant one. Oil Company lubrication engineers In the last analysis sustained economic recovery is available to industrial officials must involve an increase in retail purchasing, but and plant managers in every indus¬ in so far as department store sales may be taken as an accurate index, no sign of such increase had try in every civilized country. appeared by the end of October. After recovering from the low level of the first quarter, depart¬ ment store sales held fairly closely to the 1932

f Li* average with the exception of August. It is possi¬ Lubricating Oils ble that the higher level of August sales repre¬ sented a buying rush stimulated by a popular ex¬ VACUUM OIL COMPANY, INC. pectation of advancing prices, an expectation based on the impression that the spread of NRA codes would necessarily lead, through higher costs, to 34 JHE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL higher prices, as well as on the fact that the com¬ modity price level index, after holding close to 60 through April, rose to 63 in May, 65 in June, 69 in July, 70 in August and 71 in September. This is not a retail price index, but the sugges¬ tion that retail prices would follow suit was easily accepted. In noting the failure of retail purchasing to expand, it seems not unfair to reflect that, after so long and deep a continuance of depression, an increase in workers’ incomes would be likely to result first in the repayment of pressing obliga¬ tions and, where possible, some Restoration of reserves; a lag before an increase in purchases from department stores manifests itself is rea¬ sonably to be expected. The results of the current Christmas shopping season should therefore prove interesting. A pertinent objection to the indices here presented is that they fail to take the position of the farmer adequately into account. It is not entirely neglected, for an improvement in the farmer’s economic posi¬ tion will lead, through his increased purchases, to¬ ward an improvement in the index of production WORLD SERVICE and so, under the recovery codes, to more employ¬ ment and larger payrolls. The deficiency is there, however, and in order partially to remedy it refer¬ far TRAVELERS ence may be made to the course of farm prices: by averaging the monthly index published in the Fed¬ The American Express Travel Service scene above is typical. It begins when the Company’s uniformed in¬ eral Reserve Bulletin, we obtain a figure of 42 for terpreter meets travelers at foreign railroad terminals, the first quarter of 1933, 49 for the second and and continues with— 58 for the third. The high point was in July, with All details incidental to foreign travel. .. an index of 60, August showing a decline to 58 Foreign financial accommodations . . . The and September to 57. The index of farm prices, shipment of merchandise and valuables however, does not show the quantities sold and . . . Marine Insurance . . . Customs Clear¬ ances . . . Mail, Cable and Wireless does not therefore show the amount of the farm¬ service . . . er’s actual income. Traveling Americans seek help, advice and informa¬ It is as tempting as it is dangerous to seek to tion from the American government representatives in draw a definite conclusion from the indices pre¬ cities abroad. In many of these foreign cities are sented. Tentatively, however, it seems reasonably American Express offices equipped to take over the safe to observe that the country’s industrial ma¬ business of serving such Americans in their travel, for¬ eign financial and shipping requirements, and in gen¬ chine evidently entered the last quarter of the year eral to give them the assistance and information so not only operating at a substantially higher level important to traveling Americans. than in the first quarter, but also on a much more Because of their strategic locations and because of the balanced basis, and therefore probably in a better wide variety of services they are able to perform, the condition to benefit by any major impulse toward American Express offices can be of assistance to those who are attending to our government’s activities in for¬ expanded activity and to progress toward an aug¬ eign lands. mented measure of recovery more likely to prove sustained. The accuracy or otherwise of this impression should become evident when data for later months AMERICAN become available to be added to the table. Mean¬ while it is of interest to note the rather optimistic tone of current comment in recent weeks, pointing EXPRESS to a more sustained level of activity in the steel TRAVEL, FINANCIAL, SHIPPING SERVICE industry than had been expected in the closing 35 HE MERICAN QRE1GN M T A F gERVICE JOURNAL

months of the year, to a favorable trend in elec¬ tric power consumption, and to substantial auto¬ mobile sales. Likewise the American Federation of Labor’s survey issued at the end of November reports that the seasonal increase in unemploy¬ ment normal to that month did not develop, while payroll totals advanced in October without a cor¬ responding increase in living costs, and farmer purchasing power was increased by a gain in farm prices in November as well as by Governmental payments to farmers of more than one hundred million dollars in compensation for cotton, wheat, and tobacco crop restriction under the agricultural adjustment act. Major impulses to act as stimuli to industrial expansion in the near future appear possible or likely from several sources, including increased purchases by farmers out of incomes augmented by higher farm prices as well as by revenues from the processing taxes levied under the crop restric¬ tion program; a stimulus to foreign trade if the apparently nascent improvement in conditions abroad is sustained, and last but not least, the progress of the American public works program. Each of these is a subject in itself, but this review would be very incomplete without some mention of the outstanding recent development in the last- named. A public works program in excess of three bil¬ lions of dollars was established in the National Industrial Recovery Act of June 15, 1933, to pro¬ vide a stimulus for the economic activity to be carved shield back arm chair used in carried on in more sound and balanced fashion under the new rules to be developed by the Re¬ the Breakfast and Sitting Room of the covery (NRA) Codes. But it takes time to start a public works program on such a scale if as¬ United States Embassy at Tokio, Japan. surance is to be had that the money spent will not simply be thrown away. The index of con¬ struction contracts awarded, in the last column of the table, suggests in the low level to which it had W. & J. SLOANE through its unique fallen the possibilities of vastly increased con¬ facilities is equipped to provide Fur¬ struction activity, and bears evidence, in the most recent figures, that the public works program is niture and Floor Coverings of unusual getting under way. More recently a survey by the merit. Whether a single room or an F. W. Dodge Corporation, announced by the Pub¬ entire building is to be furnished, lic Works Administration, reports an increase of 11 per cent in construction contracts awarded in its experts are prepared to advise November, over October, to a total of $162,000,- correctly and estimate accurately. 000—the highest since October, 1931. Of this total, $125,000,000 consisted of publicly financed construction contracts. But contracts awarded do not immediately rep¬ W. & J. SLOANE resent money spent, and during October the feel¬ 575 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK ing became general that actual expenditures for public works construction would not be sufficiently WASHINGTON LOS ANGELES SAN FRANCISCO large in volume to relieve unemployment soon 36 JHE AMERICAN J7QREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL enough to prevent another very difficult winter. Then on November 8 the President announced a new step of major importance, a Civil Works pro¬ gram to employ four million men by December 15, one half to he taken from the public relief Thoughts of work rolls, on projects of a public and useful na¬ ture not requiring extended planning, preparation and the letting of contracts, but nevertheless in the nature of capital rather than current activity. Full WASHINGTON local rates of pay, from thirty cents to more than a dollar an hour according to the degree of skill and a thirty-hour week are stipulated; four hun¬ dred million dollars from the public works appro¬ priations and one hundred millions from the fed¬ FOREIGN Service eral emergency relief funds were alloted to carry Officers Have A Particular this program through to February 15, 1934. On December 15 it was announced that the ob¬ Interest In The Many jective had been reached: four millions are at Activities of Government. work, at full rates of pay, on new activities in¬ cluding such things as road-grading, sewer con¬ • When next you visit struction, improvement of public buildings, parks The Capital, stay at the insti¬ and playgrounds, mosquito control and eradica¬ tution where international per¬ tion and even such “white collar” activities as sonages reside and great events the preparation of new and needed library in¬ occur. dexes. It is far from unreasonable to expect that the effect of this new activity will become ap¬ Single Rooms from $4 parent, not only in the useful work done, but also in the future indices of retail purchasing, and so Double Rooms from $6 of production, factory pay-rolls, and unemploy¬ Subject to a Diplomatic ment. Of course the immediate cost of this program is Discount paid out of public funds, and the relation of such expenditures to public financing, to the fiscal rev¬ enues and the public debt, is of great interest. That, however, is also a subject in itself.

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Apropos of the cover picture on the JOURNAL of December last, a recent letter from Consul 0. Gay¬ lord Marsh, at Strasbourg, France, states that the view down the River 111 is what is seen when step¬ ping out ol the American Consulate at Strasbourg. Mr. Marsh also tells the following story: A few years ago a man from Chicago was drowned in that river. There is in the Consulate’s records a telegram inquiring as to the truth of the announcement that the body of the man had been found in the Illinois River. As Mr. Marsh remarks, “what could ‘111’ The Mark of Quality mean in Chicago, if not Illinois?”

TEN YEARS AGO (From, issue of January, 1924) Socony The opening article entitled “The United States Tariff Commission” by John R. Turner, Ph.D., Chief Economist and Chairman of the United States Tariff Commission, described the work that the Commission was designated to do, and mentioned at length the assistance that consular reports have been in that Products 5 work. “Geographic Factors in the Development of Trans- Andean Communications,” an article by Preston E. Illuminating Oils Jones, of the University of Michigan, was reprinted from the Bulletin of the Pan-American Union. (It Lubricating Oils and Greases would he interesting to compare notes with present day conditions.) Gasoline and Motor Spirits Consul O. Gaylord Marsh and Consul James B. Stewart furnished snappy little articles saying where¬ in their respective posts, Progreso and Tampico, Fuel Oil were the “Biggest and Best” in the world. For in¬ stance, Mr. Marsh said, among other things, that the peninsula of Yucatan “has set more jaws wagging Asphaltums, Binders and than any other thing in the world” (Wrigley’s please Road Oils note) ; while Mr. Stewart said—believe it or not— “more American vessels entered and cleared at Tam¬ pico than at any other Consulate in the world.” Paraffine Wax and Candles Mr. Stewart also made the excellent suggestion that “the Consul whose post leads in protection and wel¬ fare cases might favor 11s with some interesting facts Lamps, Stoves and Heaters as regards this phase of consular work at his post.”

A photograph was reproduced of the Consular Class of November, 1923, showing the following: W. 0. Jones, George Tait, L. S. Armstrong, J. R. Childs, W. H. McKinney, A. Dana Idodgdon, Mason Turner, F. van den Arend, R. A. Manning, L. J. Callanan, R. L. Mosier, J. F. Huddleston, J. H. SOCONY-VACUUM CORPORATION Bruins, S. E. Green, 3d, and IT E. Coats. Branch Offices and Marketers in the The number also contained—and this may be very useful information—an Tndex to Volumes 1, 2 and 3 Principal Cities of the World of the Bulletin, painstakingly prepared by Consul James B. Stewart as a labor of love. (Thereafter an annual index was issued.)

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A POLITICAL BOOKSHELF

By CYRIL WYNNE, Department of State The TYPEWRITER THE MONROE DOCTRINE, 1826-1867. By Dexter Perkins (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, That is STANDARD 1933. Pp. xi, 580). This is the second of a four volume study of the origin and evolution of the Monroe Doctrine. The Throughout the World two published volumes present the most compre¬ hensive history of the subject up to the date of 1867 which has been published. It is obvious that Dr. Perkins has examined all available—and relevant—source material, documents and sec¬ ondary documents. As the author is a col¬ lege professor he frequently calls the Monroe Doctrine “a shibboleth.” One gathers, however, that he came in contact with political realities be¬ fore he finished writing the second volume, as he ends by calling the Doctrine “the great diplomatic principle.”

DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS BETWEEN THE UNITED STATES AND JAPAN, 1853-1895. By Payson J. Treat T N the world’s centers of industry and commerce (two volumes, Stanford University Press, 1932. Pp. A and in the isolated outposts of civilization . . . xii, 593, ix, 600). in the neighborhood store where you buy your As these volumes are the work of a profound groceries and on ships that sail into unknown seas scholar who is a recognized authority on the . . . there is a standard of typewriter performance Far East, it is to be regretted that the author’s . . . a standard that is summed up in the name well known pro-Japanese attitude apparently pre¬ vents him from discussing controversial questions “Underwood Standard” and the machine which in an objective manner. The first volume is more bears that name. judicial in tone than the second volume, which The Underwood performance that is behind this may be due to the fact that the story of the “open¬ standard . . . the ease of action and the neatness ing’ of Japan by Commodore Perry and of the work of the great Townsend Harris has been told of work, the durability and the freedom from de¬ so many times that it is difficult to provoke an lays and repairs . . . this performance alone has argument on the subject. In his estimate of Sir earned for the Underwood Standard the position Harry Parkes, however, one feels that Professor of leadership that it enjoys throughout the world. Treat might have written in more restrained lan¬ guage. In this regard it may not he irrelevant to TYPEWRITER DIVISION recall Sir Ernest Satow’s description in his de¬ lightful book, “A Diplomat in Japan,” of his work UNDERWOOD ELLIOTT FISHER COMPANY as a student-interpreter with the British Legation Homer Building, 601 13th Street N. W. in Tokyo under the able hut irascible Sir Harry Washington, D. C. Parkes. In spite of the fact that the association SALES AND SERVICE EVERYWHERE between the two men was anything but pleasant for the young student-interpreter, Satow writes of his chief “that England never was represented by The UNDERWOOD a more devoted public servant and that Japan her¬ STANDARD .... Model No. 6 self owes to his exertions a debt which she can never repay and has never fully acknowledged.” In the second volume, which deals mainly with the Treaty Revision issue and the Sino-Japanese 40 war, Professor Treat enters the domain of contro¬ versy and not as an impartial observer. His dis¬ cussion of the various questions which arose in connection with Japan’s efforts to secure a revi¬ sion of the treaties would seem to indicate that he is more concerned with the historical incidents —as he interprets them—than with the legal is¬ sues involved. The author’s treatment of the sub¬ ject of the diplomacy of the Sino-Japanese war is of singular interest, in view of “recent events.” In this connection it may be observed that if one is sympathetic with all of Japan’s apparent aspira¬ oA DIPLOMAT tions, the last chapters of the second volume will A STUDENT of world affairs whose affairs be read with appreciation, satisfaction and delight. in the social world give a brilliant back¬ ground to The Willard—abode of world celebrities, and “The Residence of Presidents.’*

THE BANK FOR INTERNATIONAL SETTLEMENTS AT Single Rooms with Bath $4 up Double Rooms with Bath $6 up WORK. By Eleanor Lansing Dulles {New York, 25% discount on room charges to members of the The Macmillan Company, 1932. Pp. xi, 631). United States Foreign Service Popular Priced Coffee Shop

Miss Dulles’ study should be of considerable ^ Write for Illustrated Booklet and Rates assistance to Foreign Service officers who are called upon to prepare reports involving the work of the Bank of International Settlements. WILLARD HOTEL The author discusses in detail the origins of the 14th and Pennsylvania Avenue Bank, its development during the three years that Washington, D. C. it has functioned and its present operations. Miss H. P. SOMERVIIIL/E, Managing Director Dulles apparently believes that the Bank will be¬ come an established institution and shows consid¬ erable optimism with respect to the future of in¬ ternational financial cooperation. It is but fair to add that, in expressing this optimism, Miss Dulles QetO ne New Member does not make the mistake which is so often made by academic internationalists, of letting her be¬ for THE NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY lief of what should be accomplished run away with her judgment of what it may be possible to ET some friend, either American or foreign, accomplish. enjoy the Geographic Magazine by be¬ coming a member. Annual dues abroad, including subscription, THE ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROL OF ALIENS. By are $4 a year* William C. Van Vleck {New York, The Common¬ Use this form. Nominations by Foreign wealth Fund, 1932. Pp. ix, 260). Service Officers are welcomed and acted on by a Special Membership Committee in The This book is recommended to Foreign Service Society. officers serving in the field whose duties require them to have a general knowledge of our immi¬ I, gration, exclusion and deportation procedure. nominate for membership in the National The author has studied the “hearings” at Ellis Geographic Society: Island and before the Board of Review in Wash¬ ington, as well as the records of some 500 exclu¬ Name sion and 500 deportation crises in Washington. A ddress Among the particular topics considered are the following: “The Growth of Our Immigration Leg¬ Occupation islation,” “The Exclusion Process,” “The Expul¬ sion Process” and “Judicial Review.” Mr. Van Nationality Vleck also submits certain “Conclusions” and *In Canada, £3.50; in U. S. A., £3.00. “Suggestions for Review.” 41 AMERICA IN THE PACIFIC: A CENTURY OF EX¬ readable. The author is of the opinion that the PANSION. By Foster Rhea Dulles (Boston and New United States with deliberate intent moved to¬ York, Houghton Mifflin Company, 1932. Pp. xiii, wards the establishment of a Pacific Empire dur¬ 299). ing the “century of expansion” period. He sup¬ An excellent survey of how the United States ports this conclusion bv quoting statements made acquired California, Oregon, Alaska, Samoa, by numerous men who held important positions in Hawaii and the Philippines. The book is writ¬ our public life during the period in question. The ten in a popular style and not according to the quotation of these statements will probably offend Hoyle of a Ph.D. dissertation; it is therefore, those who advance the “frontier theory of his¬ tory” as the explanation of the expansion of the United States. How much the expressed views of UNITED FRUIT CDmPflNY politicians, not to mention statesmen, influenced GREAT the development and expansion of the United WHITE States is, of course, a matter of opinion. Tt mav FLEET be observed, however, that Secretary of State Sew¬ ard. who was hoth a statesman and a politician, bad a great deal to say about and a great deal to Regular Freight and Passenger Service do with the purchase of Alaska. BETWEEN Mr. Dulles is to be congratulated for his cour¬ New York, New Orleans, Boston and San Francisco age in using statements of the nature mentioned. AND Cuba, Jamaica, Panama, Colombia, Costa Rica, He will probably be sharply criticized for doinsr Guatemala, Honduras, British Honduras, so: the Senator or Congressman, however, who Mexico, Nicaragua, Salvador. wishes a brief but comprehensive survey of thp Weekly service with transshipment at Cristobal subjects discussed by Mr. Dulles, for practical (Canal Zone) to West Coast Ports of Central use, will probably bless him for writing the book. America, South America and Mexico at differ¬ ential rates. Through bills of lading to all points. Shipments to El Salvador handled expedi¬ tiously via Puerto Barrios, Guatemala and the International Railways of Central America. BAR ASSOCIATION For Rates and Other Information Address: A story which, like old wine, may not have lost its flavor because it happens to be two or three years FREIGHT TRAFFIC DEPARTMENT old is the one about Consul Smale’s request of the Pier 3, Norh River, New York, N Y. Chamber of Commerce at for a list of the 1001 Fourth St., Ill W. Washington St., San Francisco, Calif. Chicago, 111. members of the local Bar Association. The length Long Wharf, 321 St. Charles St., of the list attached to a courteous reply surprised Boston, Mass. New Orleans, La. the Consul until he perceived that the list was of General Offices: One Federal Street, Boston, Mass. the cantineros of the busy little town.

ALIEN PROPERTY CUSTODIAN CLAIMS and all other WAR CLAIMS in connection with confiscated properties by former allied or central governments

Miscellaneous Collections here and abroad, New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-organiza¬ tion of Foreign Firms, Incorporation under American Laws, Financial Investigations and Credit Information CARL M. J. von ZIELINSKI Foreign Trade and Financial Adviser 90 WALL STREET NEW YORK Cable Address: "Zielinski” All Standard Codes Used Agents and Correspondents in practically all parts of the world.

42 THE AMERICAN pOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

Francis B. Keene, % American Consulate General, Rome, DIRECTORY OF RETIRED Italy. FOREIGN SERVICE John E. Kelli, 200 Kimberly Avenue, Ashville, North Carolina. OFFICERS William P. Kent, 2112 Wyoming Avenue, Washington, James S. Benedict, 128 Spadina Road, Toronto, Ontario, I). C. Canada. John N. McGunn, Ridgefield, Connecticut. Robert Woods Bliss, 3101 R Street, N. W., Washington, Frank W. Mahin, The Woodley, 1851 Columbia Road, D. C. Washington, D. C. Robert R. Bradford, % Trust Dept., Omaha National Chester W. Martin, 237 Lee Highway, Cherrydale, Vir¬ Bank, Omaha, Nebraska. ginia. William W. Brunswick, % Roosevelt Hotel, Washington, James B. Milner, 332 Gluck Building, Niagara Falls, D. C. New York. Harry Campbell, 1857 Bryden Road, Columbus, Ohio. Edwin V. Morgan, Aurora, Cayuga County, New York. Henry S. Culver, Box 75, Eliot, Maine. Frederic O. deBillier, % American Embassy, Paris, France. Jose de Olivares, % District Accounting & Disbursing Office, 3 rue de Chaillot, Paris, France. HOTEL LAFAYETTE H. Percival Dodge, Old Colony Trust Company, 17 Court CORNER 16TH AND EYE STREETS, N. W. Street, Boston, Mass. W. Roderick Dorsey, % Miss Lucy Dorsey, 1535 Park WASHINGTON, D. C. Avenue, Baltimore, Md. William F. Doty, 8 Corton Road, N., Lowestoft, Suffolk, ENTIRELY MODERNIZED UNDER NEW England. MANAGEMENT Julius D. Dreher, 704 Oak Avenue, Clearwater, Florida. Charles C. Eberhardt, Salina, Kansas. Cornelius Ferris, 3821 Morrison Ttreet, Washington, D. C. ® Radio loud speaker in Fred D. Fisher, 627 Occidental Avenue, San Mateo, Cali¬ fornia. every room. Every room Paul H. Foster, 1411 Chamberlain Street, Corpus Christi, with tub and shower Texas. Charles M. Freeman, 35 Read Street, Woodford’s, Port¬ bath. ® Coffee Shop— land, Maine. Table and Counter Serv¬ Alonzo B. Garrett, 315 Third Avenue, Gallipolis, Ohio. William P. Garrety, 5927 David Avenue, Culver City, ice. ® Dining Room—■ California. Table d’Hote and A la John H. Grout, 130 South Willaman Drive, Beverly Hills, California. Carte Service. Albert Halstead, 850 Seventh Ave., New York, N. Y. (Apt. 6, South). Oscar S. Heizer. 6933 9th Street, Takoma Park, Wash¬ Only three minutes from State Department, the ington, D. C. White House, and Business Section. George Horton, The Chastleton, Washington. D. G. William II. Hunt, 1115 New Hampshire Avenue, N. W., SPECIAL DISCOUNT Washington, D. C. to all Diplomatic and Consular Officers Carlton Bailey Hurst, Charlotteville, New York. George N. Ifft, % The Tribune, Pocatello, Idaho. JEFFERSON L. FORD, JR. Henry A. Johnson, % Mr. Howard A. Johnson, Banca General Manager Commerciale Italiana, 62 William Street, New York, N. Y.

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43 rfjjf JHE AMERICAN FOREIGN gERVICE JOURNAL

John Ball Osborne, 2501 Calvert Street, N. W., Wash¬ ington, D. C. George H. Pickerell, Caixa Postal 632, Para, Brazil, S. A. Hotel Martinique Bradstreet S. Rairden, 532 7th Street, Santa Monica, California. FIVE BLOCKS FROM THE WHITE HOUSE Bertil M. Rasmussen, Story City, Iowa. Gabriel Bie Ravndal, % U. S. Govt. Despatch Agent, SIXTEENTH STREET AT M London, England. Samuel C. Real, 12775 Beverly Boulevard, Los Angeles, WASHINGTON, D. C. California. William H. Robertson, Kenmore Tavern, Fredericksburg, y 9 a. William W. Russell. 2100 20th Street, N. W., Washington, D. C. Frederick M. Ryder, 109% New Hampshire Avenue, N., CLAn Hotel of Los Angeles, California. Thomas Sammons, 536 Deming Place, Chicago, Illinois. John M. Savage, % The Union County Trust Co., Eliza¬ \Distinction beth, New Jersey. Fred C. Slater, 408 Columbian Building, Topeka, Kansas. Lucien N. Sullivan, Apt. 400, Calverton Apt., 1673 Co¬ 9 lumbia Road, N. W., Washington, D. C. Alexander M. Thackara, % American Hospital, 63 SPECIAL RATES Boulevard Victor Hugo. Neuilly sur Seine, Paris, France. Thomas W. Voetter, 4080 Palmetto Way, San Diego, Cal. To ACTIVE AND RETIRED FOREIGN SERVICE Craig W. Wadsworth, Geneseo, New York. OFFICERS AND THEIR FAMILIES Ernest A. Wakefield. 1900 East Mountain Street, Pasa¬ dena, California. Horace Lee Washington, 2200 R Street, N. W., Washing¬ ton, D. C. Charles S. Winans. 3354 Tennyson Street, N. W.. \Vrite for Booklet Washington, D. C. L. R. HAWKINS, Manager John 0- Wood, Bucksport, Maine. William J. Yerby, 4756 Champlain Avenue, Chicago, Illinois.

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