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EDITORIAL BOARD Francisco Sóñora Luna. Director Magazine Raquel Troitiño Barros. Scholar Science Advisor Mercedes Mariño Paz. Translator and English Translation Advisor Gloria Rivas Rodríguez. Social English Communication Advisor Felipe Roget Salgado. Computer Advisor Aitor Alonso Méndez. Webmaster & Social Media - English Scientific Communication Advisor COVER DESIGN: Javier Sande Iglesias. E D IT ED B Y ISBN: 978-84-697-9954-3 * The European Commission support for the production of this publication does not constitute an endorsement of the contents which reflects the views only of the authors, and the Commission cannot be held responsible INDEX STUDY, EDUCATION AND DIDACTICS FROM THE EXCELLENCE TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE ................................................................................................................................... 1 SCIENCE AND SCHOOL I N THE FACE OF GLOBAL C H A N G E I N T H E O C E A N S ....................................................................................................................... 3 THEATRE AS AN EDUCAT I O N A L T O O L ............................................................ 5 EUROPEAN PROJECT “EduCO2cean” AT ALVES MARTINS SECONDARY SCHOOL (ESAM) – A PROJECT MEANT FOR TWO YEARS THAT PROMISES TO CONTINUE IN A DIFFERENT FORMAT ............................................................................................................... 45 EUTROPHICATION IN TH E BALTIC SEA – STATE AND EFFECTS ..................................................................................................................................................... 53 THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE BALTIC…………………………………69 CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE ....................................................................................... 83 CLIMATE CHANGE IMPAC TS ON INVASIVE SPECI ES ...................... 100 CLIMATE - RELATED CHAN GES IN THE ARCTIC EN VIRONMENTS ................................................................................................................................................... 116 THE ROLE OF OCEAN CU RRENTS IN ARCTIC CLI MATE CHANGE ................................................................................................................................................... 131 EduCO2cean Magazine 2018, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1 - 2 ISBN 978-84-697-9954-3 STUDY, EDUCATION AND DIDACTICS FROM THE EXCELLENCE TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE Xavier Castro Rodríguez IES Virxe do Mar Here we have a strategic, impact-based project that is very important for heterogeneous organizations to come together with a common perspective in the study, analysis and solutions to attack climate change. They are, teaching centers and Universities of Galicia: the University b of Vigo that coordinates the Campus do Mar de Excelencia Internacional (CEI), awarded by the Spanish Ministry of Science in 2010 and promoted by the three Galician universities and the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). The Institute of Oceanography (IEO) and seven Portuguese universities and secondary schools. Along with them, IES Virxe do Mar de Noia, IES Ribeira do Louro de Porriño and the Climántica Network. Portugal that have at their disposal Ciência Viva, ASPEA. Scotland with its educational centers associated with the project and the Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS) started in 2009 and which represents an important national investment in marine research. MASTS groups together most of the capacity of Scotland's marine science in a single organizational structure. And Poland with some united schools, the University of Silesia (Katowice), the University of Warsaw and the University of Science and Technology AGH and the CIS Poland, whose purpose is to disseminate knowledge within the society in the field of ecology, as well as information on programs author's education for sustainable development. Different lines of work and action involving secondary school teachers, university professors, and essentially students who will know the two realities (bachelor's degree and university that must be the same guiding thread) in the course of their academic life. Teachers and disciples in an integrating work, in a common and plural navigation and with a unique awareness of the challenges that climate change (is global warming inexorable?) that has come to settle in the universe of all of us. Teaching works, a reflection on the educational reality and pedagogical projection of a very ambitious project that has been answered by all the people, professionals and specialists of its disciplines, in a demanding European context. CORRESPONDENCE Xavier Castro Rodríguez [email protected] © 2018 X. Castro Open Access terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License apply. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, on the condition that users give exact credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if they made any changes. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 2 X. Castro Scientific theorization and research, taken to the field of school children, is part of the essence of a strategic project that makes it possible to understand the environment as well as to raise awareness among adults and especially young people who take up the baton and have been responsible for providing solutions and scientific and human outputs to a change that compromises our environment and, logically, our oceans. For all the reasons above and for so many that we could continue adding, we are launching the magazine EduCO2cean-Erasmus +, a publication that is framed in three major specific blocks: • Articles of scientific dissemination. • Educational articles produced by the international project. • Recessions of outstanding authorities in the field of different intellectual issues around the articles published in international journals. We wish a lot of fortune to this publication made from the uniqueness of collaborative spaces and from the good work of so many specialists who, generously, provide readers with the most varied research in the search for an environment that we must respect and with which we must coexist every day, with perspective of the future, an unequivocal reciprocal coexistence between the natural environment and the human being. Good luck, good navigation in the oceans and make the prow aim towards the horizon. Disclosure statement No potential conflict of interest was reported by the author. Notes on contributors Xavier Castro Rodríguez – Headmaster IES Virxe do Mar. Noia. A Coruña EduCO2cean Magazine 2018, Vol. 1, No. 2, 3 – 4 ISBN 978-84-697-9954-3 SCIENCE AND SCHOOL IN THE FACE OF THE GLOBAL CHANGE IN THE OCEANS José Antonio Caride Gómez University of Santiago de Compostela (Department of Pedagogy and Didactics) The immensity of the oceans and their circumstances in the face of the adversities of climate change. Life and its daily realities in the shellfish bank of Testal (Noia). The desire to b teach and learn in the first person, building knowledge that transits from the classroom to the laboratory, from the experience to the curriculum, from the coexistence inside and outside the educational center, to the experiences that science encourages. The pedagogical task shared by teachers and students in Secondary Education with the unequivocal desire to incorporate innovative teaching methodologies, committed to the need to respond to the great challenges of global change, submerging in the immediate environment. Reach far being close. These are, among others, the symbolic and material scenarios in which -as text and context- Francisco Sóñora and Aitor Alonso place us in their article "Ocean Under Global Change: From Science to School", published November 2017 in the International Journal of Environmental & Science Education (vol 13, nº 2, pp. 97-112), one of the most prestigious journals in the multiple convergences established between the Environmental Sciences and the Sciences of Education. Enrolling their proposals in the Climántica environmental education project -that for more than a decade has dynamized, going from Galicia to the world, the work in network of thousands of students and hundreds of professors tackling environmental problems related to climate change- the article structures its contents in three main axes: a) The theoretical-methodological foundation of the initiatives promoted, based on the science of global change and its great dimensions (the warming of the ocean, the stratification and its effects on the loss of biodiversity, the decrease of the pH in the ocean; eutrophication and its consequences in the decrease of oxygen in the oceans). b) Laboratory practices, from design to completion with a group of 70 students aged between 14 and 16, at the Secondary Education School "Virxe do Mar" in Noia. A formative process that allowed learning to be placed in the anthropogenic global © 2018 J. A. Caride Open Access terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License apply. The license permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, on the condition that users give exact credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if they made any changes. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) 4 J. A. Caride change and its ecological implications (convention currents, water mixtures with dyes of different temperatures, dissolution