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Health and Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion

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Health and Human Trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion Findings from a survey of men, women and children in Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam International Organization for Migration (IOM) Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion Findings from a survey of men, women and children in Thailand, Cambodia and Viet Nam Study on Trafficking, Exploitation and Abuse in the Greater Mekong Subregion (STEAM) Report authors Cathy Zimmerman, Ligia Kiss, Nicola Pocock, Varaporn Naisanguansri, Sous Soksreymom, Nisakorn Pongrungsee, Kittiphan Sirisup, Doan Thuy Dung, Jobst Koehler, Van Anh Nguyen, Brett Dickson, Poonam Dhavan, Sujit Rathood and Rosilyne Borland. Research project implementation partners London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) International Organization for Migration (IOM) Funding This research was co-financed by Anesvad Foundation and the IOM Development Fund. STEAM study team London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Cathy Zimmerman Ligia Kiss Nicola Pocock With additional support from Sujit Rathood, Heidi Stoeckl and MaryKate O’Malley Steering committee Olatz Landa, Indira Villegas and Catalina Echevarri (Anesvad Foundation), Ligia Kiss and Cathy Zimmerman (LSHTM), Varaporn Naisanguansri, Rosilyne Borland and Poonam Dhavan (IOM) International Organization for Migration Manila Administrative Centre – Migration Health Division (MAC–MHD) Poonam Dhavan IOM Thailand Varaporn Naisanguansri, Senior Project Assistant Nisakorn Pongrungsee, Research Assistant Kittiphan Sirisup, Research Assistant IOM Cambodia Brett Dickson, Project Manager Suos Soksreymom, Research Coordinator Keo Korindeth, Interviewer and Data Entry Hun Leang Ay, Interviewer and Data Entry IOM Viet Nam Jobst Koehler, Head of Programme and Project Development and Implementation Unit Doan Thuy Dung, Project Coordinator Ha Hue Chi, Research Coordinator Van Anh Nguyen, Research Assistant Nguyen Quang Ninh (CHD), Data Entry IOM Regional Rosilyne Borland Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion Acknowledgements The greatest contributors to this research were our study participants: the survivors of human trafficking. They generously shared their time and their stories, which too often included descriptions of pain, fear and deep disappointment. We truly hope – and will work to ensure – that their expressions of need are heard by policymakers and service providers, so that fewer people will have to suffer these extreme forms of exploitation, and those who do will receive the help that they require and deserve. Importantly, this research was made possible by the service providers – and their staff – in each of the participating study countries who took time to ensure that the participants were treated with respect and kindness, and that their service needs were met. Service providers in Cambodia provided the following staff to conduct the interviews with respondents: • International Organization for Migration (IOM) Office in Phnom Penh: Ms Sous Soksreymom, Mr Keo Korindeth and Ms Hun Leang Ay • Cambodian Committee for Protection of Child Rights (CCPCR): Ms Ny Channary • Health Care Centre for Children (HCC) in Koh Khong Province: Mr Sak Somnang • Health Care Centre for Children (HCC) Good Day Centre (GDC) in Kandal Province: Ms Suon Mlis • Acting for Women in Distressing Situations (AFESIP Cambodia): Dr Ma Ly • Kokkyo Naki Kodomotachi (KNK): Ms Kheav Sokhoeun • Poi Pet Transit Centre (PTC): Ms Chhea Manith Service providers in Thailand provided the following staff to conduct the interviews with respondents: • Department of Social Development and Welfare, Ministry of Social Development and Human Security: Ms Saowanee Khomepatr • Kredtrakarn Protection and Occupational Development Centre: Ms Somjit Tantivanichanon, Ms Porntip Nontawong and Ms Nussara Konsai • Patumthani Protection and Occupational Development Centre for Men: Mr Suwan Prompol, Mr Punnaphot Khamenketkarn and Ms Tawan Ngao-sri • Sri Surat Protection and Occupational Development Centre: Ms Somluck Khanom and Ms Suppamon Chotisut • Pakkred Reception Home for Boys: Mr Somdech Surawat and Ms Kanoknop Kerdwattana These service providers in Viet Nam provided staff to conduct the interviews with respondents: • Can Tho Support Centre for Women and Children in Difficult Circumstances • Social Assistance Centre of Lang Son Province • Social Protection Centre of Lao Cai Province • Centre for Women and Development • Vocational Training Centre, Women’s Union of Quang Ninh Province Technical Advisors (London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine) Sujit Rathod, Heidi Stoekl and Mazeda Hossain. © 2014 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © 2014 International Organization for Migration © 2014 Anesvad Foundation iii Citation: Zimmerman, C. et al. 2014. Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion. Findings from a survey of men women and children in Cambodia, Thailand and Viet Nam. International Organization for Migration and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine. The views expressed in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent official policy of any organization involved in this study. This study was funded by Anesvad Foundation and the IOM Development Fund. iv Health and human trafficking in the Greater Mekong Subregion Contents Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................... iii Tables and figures ........................................................................................................................ vii Executive summary .......................................................................................................................1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................9 Background .................................................................................................................................11 Study objectives ..........................................................................................................................13 Aim ......................................................................................................................................13 Objectives ............................................................................................................................13 Study Methods ............................................................................................................................15 Study design ........................................................................................................................15 Sample.................................................................................................................................15 Questionnaire .....................................................................................................................16 Data collection and analysis ................................................................................................16 Ethics ...................................................................................................................................17 Overview of post-trafficking services and referral in Cambodia, Thailand, and Viet Nam ..........19 Referral processes ...............................................................................................................19 Characteristics of participants .....................................................................................................21 Females, males and children ...............................................................................................21 Age and gender ...................................................................................................................22 Country of origin .................................................................................................................22 Education ............................................................................................................................24 Occupation before migration .............................................................................................25 Marital status .....................................................................................................................25 Participants with children ...................................................................................................26 Referral to services ..............................................................................................................26 Recruitment stage .......................................................................................................................27 Awareness of trafficking ......................................................................................................27 Reasons for leaving home ...................................................................................................27 Recruitment ........................................................................................................................27 Violence prior to migration .................................................................................................29 Pre-departure physical violence ..........................................................................................29 Sexual violence before trafficking .......................................................................................29
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