AN ANALYSIS OF APOLOGY STRATEGIES IN THE ELLEN DEGENERES SHOW: PRAGMATICS APPROACH

Alfhiani Sabilla¹, Ance Jusmaya²

¹Student of English Department, Putera Batam University ²Lecture of English Department, Putera Batam University email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

This research discusses about apology strategies found in The Ellen DeGeneres Show. The aim of this research is to find out and describe the type of apology strategies based on Trosborg’s theory in Ellen DeGeneres talk show. The researcher used qualitative descriptive method. Data is collected based on utterances contained in Ellen DeGeneres show using non-participatory techniques. In gained the data, the researcher watches The Ellen DeGeneres show on YouTube, then read the subtitle and observe the subtitle to find out the data. Then, researcher used identity method in analyzing data. The finding is shown that there are three types from five types of apology strategies in this talk show. They are: 4 direct apology (expression of regret and offer of apology), 3 indirect apology (explicit explanation, lack of intent and explicit acknowledgment) and 3 remedial support (offer of repair, blaming someone else and concern for hearer).In conclusion, that direct and indirect apology the most frequent data found in the Ellen DeGeneres show.

Keyword: pragmatics, speech act, apology strategies

INTRODUCTION studies in pragmatic, such as speech act. Apology is classified as Communication became an expressive speech act. According to essential aspect for human to Yule (1996) Expressive are those connect with others. Human used the kinds of speech act that state what language as a tool of communication the speaker feels. In conclusion, to express the idea, feeling, and apology as kind of expressive speech opinion. The people who involved in acts because they uttered his feeling, communication, it could be consist of such as regret after making a the speaker and the listener. mistake to other people. Sometimes the speaker uttered the In human life, the apology that word or did an act which is distract uttered by a person who has been someone’s feeling and it makes them offend someone feeling is very feel uncomfortable. For example, the important. It is because to maintain a student who makes noises in the good relation toward each other. library then it makes another student Trosborg (1995) stated that the act of feel uncomfortable. Therefore, ask an apologizing is a convivial speech act. apologizing became the way to The goal of which coincides with the resolve this problem. social purpose of maintaining harmony between speaker and In linguistics studies, the study of hearer. Therefore, apology cannot be meaning which communicated by the separated in human life, especially speaker and interpreted by listener when they are doing interaction. called as pragmatic. There are many The existence of an apology can DeGeneres Show also include in the be found in our daily life. Alquraishy top 20-most subscribed YouTube (2011) stated, in doing the channels. apologizing act, they should employ There is an example of an certain strategies of apologies. It is apology strategy used in “The Ellen used to maintain the relationship at DeGeneres Show”. The conversation least reduce the offense to the occurred between Justin and David. offended. According to Trosborg It started when David talk to Ellen (1995) a person might be said his about how he and his children spent regret directly, he uttered “apologize”, the Halloween at Justin Bieber’s “be sorry,” or “excuse”. The other house. Suddenly, Justin appears used the longer explanation or taking from the box and it makes David on responsibility that indirectly or scares. implicitly shown his regret. For Justin : Sorry. They wanted me to do example, when a person forgot his it. I got to go. old friend name because he has not David : Oh, man. I really didn’t think met him for a long time “Oh sorry, I’m that was going to happen. late. It’s raining.” In this example, the Related to the conversation apologizer uttered an apology with above, Justin uttered an apology to giving an explanation. David who scared by him. Justin The phenomenon of apology said, “Sorry. They wanted me to do it. uttered by someone can be found in I got to go.” Related to Anna talk show. Talk show usually contains Trosborg theory, the apology of the conversation between the host strategies that he used in this and the guest who known as famous conversation is included in person and discussed the various minimizing of the degree of offense interesting topic. It can be about the strategy. In this strategy, this experience, personal life, career and utterance is categorized into blaming etc. Sometimes, when they are in a someone else. It can be seen that conversation, the guest or the host Justin said, “Sorry. They wanted me makes a mistake. As a result, one of to do it.” The word “they” that he them uttered an apology. In used in his utterance refer to conclusion, apology used when someone else who also include people doing a mistake in a caused him did it. conversation, even in the talk show. Moreover, when someone uttered In this research, the researcher an apology, he must be did the used talk show, title “The Ellen offense to other people. The type of DeGeneres Show” as the object of offense that did by the apologizer is the research. This talk show is one of different. According to Coulmass in the famous talk show which is hosted Deutschmann (2003), the offenses or by Ellen DeGeneres since 2003. “object of regret” is what obligates an There are some programs in this apology. It means, the thing that show such as comedy, celebrity, caused by person until he feel regret musical guests, and people interest and he should be uttered an apology. stories. This show has received This conversation below shows many award and nomination, such as another example of apology found in got 166 Daytime Emmy Award “The Ellen DeGeneres Show”. nominations and won 61 Daytime David : Well, we all follow Justin on Emmy Award as of 2019. In addition, Instagram, of course. And The YouTube channel of Ellen we’re all fans. And we all love him. And it was coming Based on two researches towards the end of our night analysis, it can be seen that those and the kids have had far too research has several weaknesses. much candy and enjoyed Because, in the first research theirself a lot. So on the way Retnowaty & Maulida (2019) just back, Romeo turned round to discussed about apology strategies me. He said, Justin’s selling used by the student. Then, the snow cones. And I was like, second research by Alsulayyi (2017) really? discussed apology strategy between Ellen : Selling? teacher and student. In addition, they David : Sorry. Not selling, giving, also used different theory, Retnowaty giving them away. & Maulida used Troborg and Ajimer’s The conversation above occurs theory compiled by Firiani & Lestari between Ellen and David Beckham. in Fitriani (2012) and Alsulayyi used David told to Ellen how their children Bergmen and Kesper’s (1993) enjoyed the Halloween at Justin theory. In this case, the researcher Bieber’s house by eating a lot of discussed apology strategy in talk candy and snow cones who given by show and used Trosborg’s (1995) Justin. When he told that Justin have theory. Therefore, it can be said that given snow cones to them, he said there is no research yet that “Selling” unintentionally. He should discussed apology strategies in the be said “Giving” he realized and said talk show especially Ellen “Sorry. Not selling, giving, giving DeGeneres show. Because of that, them away.” Related to theory by this research is important to be done. Deutschmann (2003) the type of Related to the explanation above, offense did by David was categorized there are some reasons of the as talk offenses, especially slip of the researcher used apology as the topic tongue because he doesn’t mean to of this research. First, the researcher said that word. interested to analyze this topic There are many researches that because it is related to human has discussed about apology communication. Second, the strategy. For example, the first researcher wants to investigate more research is written by Retnowaty & about the usage of apology Maulida (2019) entitled “Apology strategies in the utterance used by Strategies Used by Students in person especially in the talk show. It University of Balikpapan”. Their is because apology as an act that research concerns on the kinds of often used by people when they were apology strategies, the affect of age involved in conversation. Both talk and social status in choice of apology show and pragmatic were related strategies. The second research, each other because they used the written by Alsulayyi (2017) titled “A conversation and the context to Contrastive Study of the Use of analyze meaning of someone’s Apology Strategies by Saudi EFL utterance. Moreover, apology is part Teachers and British Native of speech act in pragmatic. Speakers of English: A Pragmatic LITERATURE REVIEW Approach”. His study considers 2.1 Pragmatics expressions of regret based on In linguistic, there is a study gender, cultural differences and about language and contextual severity of the offence. meaning. The linguist called It pragmatic. The person who uttered the sentence to another person, he when people form an utterance with had the role as the speaker and the some kind of function in mind. The person who listen their utterance, it last, perlocutionary act, create an known as listener or hearer. In effect that the speaker wants to the pragmatic, when the speaker saying hearer. As a result, he classified the something, then it makes the listener illocutionary act into five, they are: must interpret the utterance based on representatives, directives, the context. So, the listener must commisives, expressives and know the meaning that did not stated declarations. directly by the speaker. Representative is kind of speech acts that state what the speaker There are some experts that believes to be the case or not. stated the definition about pragmatic. Declarations are those kinds of First, Birner (2013) stated that in speech acts that change the world order to know what someone meant via utterance. Directive states that based on what they have said, it’s speakers use to get someone else to not enough to know word’s meaning something. Expressives are those (semantics) and then it’s not enough kinds of speech act that state what to know how they strung together the speaker feels. It expresses the became a sentence (syntax) but we psychological states and it can be have to know who uttered, what statement of pleasure, joy, sorrow, context, and be able to make like, dislike and pain such as inferences related to why the speaker apologies, thanks, deplores, said it and what the speaker intend to appreciates etc. Commissives are make us understand. Another expert those kinds of speech acts that are such as Yule (1996) the study of used by the speakers to commit meaning which communicated by the themselves to some future actions. It speaker or the writer and interpreted expresses what the speaker intends by listener or the reader called as such as promises, refusals, swears, pragmatic. offers, vows.

2.1.1 Speech Act 2.1.1.1 Apology One of the branches which is Based on the explanation above, include in pragmatic is speech act. apology includes kind of expressive When a person uttered the words, illocutionary act. According to Searle there is an act followed of that word. (1976) based on theory of speech, For example, a person who uttered, apology is classified as expressive “Good evening!” he also performs an because it expresses speaker’s act which is categorized in speech psychological attitude. It means that, act as a greeting. According to Yule apology related to someone’s (1996), speech acts is an action psychology such as how someone performed through utterances. expresses her sorrow and regret Therefore, he divided the act into because she or he has offended the three categories, such as locutionary hearers. For example, “I am sorry, I act, illocutionary act, and came late”. It is clearly that she perlocutionary act. shows her regret to come late. It Yule (1996) stated that the first conclude that apology uttered by type is locutionary act which is known someone as regret because they has as basic act of utterance, or been hurt someone’s feeling and it producing a meaningful linguistic also as an act to maintain their expression. Second, illocutionary act, relationship. In addition, Trosborg (1995) This strategy is used if the stated that apologies are kinds of apologizer denies the responsibility illocutionary act and also expressive because that person fells not guilty. speech act by being convivial in There are five kinds of opting out, nature. It means that, apology is an such as: act which is friendly action did by the a. Explicit Denial of Responsibility person naturally. Moreover, Fraser in It is used when the apologizer is Yu Weihua (2015) said that when a explicitly denies that an offence has person perform an apology, there are occurred or that she/he should be two basic condition which are responsible for it. needed: First, the speaker or the b. Implicit Denial of Responsibility apologizer acknowledges In this strategy, the apologizer is responsibility for doing the acts. The implicitly denies that she/he should last, the speaker or apologizer be responsible for the offense. conveyed his or her regret for the c. Justification offended which it results of the In this strategy, the apologizer commission of act. provides arguments in which he or Based on the explanation above, she seeks to persuade that no blame it can be concluded that apologies can be attached to him or her. are kinds of illocutionary act and also d. Blaming Someone Else expressive speech act which is In this category, the apologizer seeks common used in communication to avoid responsibility with blaming. between people. It is expresses the The example of the conversation regret when a person makes a used blaming someone else. mistake. In addition, apology became e. Attacking Complainer the friendly action because it In this category, the apologizer happens naturally in daily attacking the complainer when he felt conversation when the person did a that he cannot defend himself. mistake. So, apology is important in 2. Evasive Strategy human’s life. 1. Minimizing of the Degree of 2.1.1.1.1 Apology Strategies Offense In performing apologizing act, it In this strategy, the apologizer does needed strategy to make our not deny the responsibility. He or she apologizing act more effective. minimizes the degree of offense. Alquraishy (2011) stated, in doing the There are three kinds of this strategy. apologizing act, they should employ Such as: certain strategies of apologies. It is a. Minimizing used to maintain the relationship at The apologizer tries to lessen the least reduce the offense to the degree of offense by saying that the offended. Every person has their own offense is not big problem. way to convey their apologized to b. Querying Precondition other people. Whether they said it In this strategy, the apologizer tends directly using the verb that signaling to express doubt about something apology such as sorry, apologize, whether something is correct or not. pardon or indirectly such as the It is also to covering the complaint. apologizer giving explanation to them c. Blaming Someone Else or taking on responsibility Trosborg In this strategy, the apologizer (1995). reassures that the third part or 1. Opting Out someone else is also responsibility for the mistake. 3. Direct Apology It is used by the apologizer when Direct apology or explicit apology recognized the mistake explicitly. is the strategy when the apologizer c. Expression of Lack of Intent uses an expression or utterance The apologizer expressed that he which contains performative verb have no intention to caused the such as forgive, sorry, excuse or damages or offend. apologize. In addition, direct apology d. Expression of Self-deficiency is called Illocutionary Force Indicating It is occurred when the apologizer is Device (IFID). There are three types shown the lack of himself/herself to of direct strategies: the hearer. 1. Expression of Apology e. Expression of Embarrassment It is used when the apologizer In this strategy, the apologizer feels expressed his or her apology to the shame for what he does to the hearer in direct way or explicit way. It hearer. For example in the divided into three kinds, expression conversation below: of regret, offer of apology and f. Explicit Acceptance of the Blame request forgiveness. In this strategy, the apologizer 1. Expression of Regret received when the complainer blame The apologizer expressed his regret him/her. For example: to the hearer. 2. Explanation or Account 2. Offer of Apology In this strategy, the apologizer tries to The apologizer offers an apology to reduce the mistake or the guilty by the hearer for the mistakes or giving an explanation or account of offends. the situation to the person who has 3. Request for Forgiveness been offend by him/her. It divided It is occurred when the apologizer into two kinds, they are: expects forgiveness from the hearer. a. Implicit Explanation Example: Please, forgive me; Pardon The apologizer is giving explanation me. to the hearer implicitly. 4. Indirect Apology b. Explicit Explanation Indirect strategies used when the It is used when the apologizer is apologizer expressed his or her giving explanation to the hearer apology to the hearer in indirect way explicitly. For example: or implicit way. There are two kinds 5. Remedial Support of indirect strategies, such as This strategy is used by the acknowledgment of responsibility and apologizer when the situation cannot explanation or account. be controlled anymore. Then, the 1. Acknowledgment of apologizer commits the responsibility Responsibility and has no defense. There are three In this strategy, the apologizer types of remedial support, such as: chooses to take responsibility that he 1. Expressing Concern for Hearer or she can do explicitly and implicitly In this strategy, the apologizer is and by using several degrees of self- shown his/her concern for the hearer blame (from low to high intensively). condition. a. Implicit Acknowledgment a. Offer of Repair It is used by the apologizer when he In this strategy, the apologizer may or she blames herself/himself offer to “repair” the damage which it implicitly for what the offences he has is caused by him/her. It categorized done. into three types, such as repair, b. Explicit Acknowledgment compensation and promise method that he used to collect the forbearance: data is DCT. He used the theory of a. Repair Bergman & Kesper. The finding This strategy is used when the show, different ways of using apology apologizer offered by may be in its strategies by the two investigated literal sense or an offer to pay for all groups based on the variables the damage. considered. b. Compensation Compensation is used when the The third research is from Sari apologizer is not possible to repair, (2016), titled “Apology Strategy in so the apologizer offers the English By Native Speaker”. In this “compensatory” action or “tribute” to research, she concerns on the the complainer. apology strategies and identify the c. Promise of Forbearance influencing factors of it. In gaining In this strategies, the apologizer data, she used the questionnaire in promises never to perform the the form of Discourse Completion offence or the same mistakes in the Test. The object of the study is 30 future. It can be marked by using native speakers and used Blum performative verb “promise”. Kulka and Olshtain theory. The results show that the pattern apology 2.2 Previous Study strategies used by native speakers is potentially occurs IFID plus Offer of The first research is written by repair plus Taking on responsibility. Retnowaty & Maulida (2019) titled In addition, the factors that influence “Apology Strategies Used by the apology utterance by native Students in University of Balikpapan”. speakers are the social situation, the Their research concerns on the kinds degree of familiarity and degree of of apology strategies, the affect of the offence. age and social status in choice of RESEARCH METHOD apology strategies. The method that In this chapter, the researcher will they used to collect the data is DCT be discussed about the method that task by Hasan and they used the used in this research. They are: theory of Trosborg and Ajimer to research design, object of the analyze the data. The result shown research, method of collecting data, that, the most students often used method of analyzing data and combined strategies, such as method of presenting result analysis. “explicitly apologizing + 3.1 Research Design acknowledging responsibility + Creswell (2014) stated that the offering redress” and the age and method of collecting and analyzing social status affected the student data is called this research design. choice of apology strategy. He divided into three kinds, such as qualitative, quantitative and mixed The second research, written by methods. In this research, the Alsulayyi (2017) titled “A Contrastive researcher used qualitative Study of the Use of Apology descriptive method. It was because Strategies by Saudi EFL Teachers the data would be described and British Native Speakers of descriptively. The researcher was English: A Pragmatic Approach”. His analyzed the types of the apology study considers expressions of regret strategy and the types of offenses based on gender, cultural differences used by the apologizer in The Ellen and severity of the offence. The DeGeneres Show. 3.2 Object of the Research theory Deutschmann (2003:266) In this research, the object of the to analyze the types of offenses research was apology strategies. The used by apologizer based on the data source was taken from context in the conversation at conversation between the host and show. the guest in The Ellen DeGeneres 3. Making the conclusion and Show. The main data of this research suggestions based on analyzed is the conversation of The Ellen on the data. season 17. It started in September 3.5 Method of Presenting Research 2019 until now. In addition, the Result researcher also used the theory from The next step after doing analysis the book and for supported by used is presenting the result analysis. some journals. Therefore, the There are two methods of presenting utterance that consist an apology the result analysis Sudaryanto (2015) became the object of this research they are informal and formal. In this because the researcher need to find research, the researcher presented out the type of apology strategy and the result analysis by using informal the types of offenses used by the method to present because using apologizer. word or sentence. 3.3 Method of Collecting Data FINDING AND DISCUSSION In this research, the researcher After doing this research, the used non participatory technique to researcher find out and classify the collect the data because the type of apology strategies based on researcher did not involve in talk Trosborg (1995) theory. Then, the show conversation. There are some result analysis can be seen in the steps of processing collecting data: description below: 1. The researcher watches The 1) Direct Apology Ellen DeGeneres Show on Data 1 YouTube for several times. Ellen : That’s so sweet of you. Now, 2. The researcher read the subtitle I got a letter from a friend of in The Ellen DeGeneres Show. yours. I carry it around in my 3. Then, the researcher observes pocket all the time. And so the subtitle to find out the the fact that you’re here today utterances in the conversation is such a coincidence. “Dear which contains apology strategy Ellen, my name is Jalincia. and the types of offenses used by And I am writing to you about the apologizer. my best friend, Sophie. For 4. The researcher writes down the years Sophie and her family data found. have been struggling to make 3.4 Method of Analyzing Data ends meet. They both work The next step is analyzing the so hard tp take care of their data. The data will be analyzed by beautiful daughter, Liani. But, qualitative descriptive method with they can’t catch a break. pragmatics identity method. The They’re also expecting their analysis data consist of several second child in June. Sophie steps: such a giver- 1. Identifying the data found. Sophie : Oh, that’s me! 2. The researcher analyzed the Ellen : Don’t interrupt. I’m talking. types of apology strategies by Sophie : I’m sorry. I’m so sorry. Trosborg (1995) and applying The conversation above occurred Then, he is coughing suddenly. After in YouTube which is entitled that, he uttered “excuse me” to Ellen. “Inspiring Mom Wins Hardest Game Based on the theory, his utterance in Daytime TV!” published on includes of direct apology which is February 6th, 2020. The conversation categorized as expression of regret. happens between Ellen and Sophie It is because he uttered “Excuse” Santana during game session. directly and it expresses his regret for Sophie Santana was chosen by Ellen the mistake. for playing the “Holey Roller” game. Data 3 She was very excited after Ellen Ellen : Kirsten Bennet? randomly chooses her to play the Chance : Yeah. She’s got my game. Moreover, she does not know last name. And yeah, that Ellen planned to reveal the letter we’ve been married which is written by her best friend, since March 9th. Sorry, named Jalincia. we got married last During Ellen reads the letter, year in December. We Sophie pointing the screen which is had our wedding shown the photo of herself and her March 9. So yeah kid. Suddenly, Ellen reminds her not coming up on a year, to interrupt. Sophie who realized that actually. she did the mistake, she uttered an Ellen : But you’ve known apology to Ellen. She said, “I’m sorry. each other since you were nine years I’m so sorry”. Based on the theory, old. her apology include in direct apology Chance : Since years nine old. which is categorized as expression of regret. It is because Sophie uttered The data above was taken from “Sorry” directly and it expresses her conversation on Ellen Show regret for the mistake. YouTube, entitled “Chance the Data 2 Rapper on His Longtime Love Story Justin :[COUGHING] Excuse me. with His Wife” on September 11, Ellen : That’s ok. Do you want 2019. The conversation occurred some more water? All right. between Ellen and Chance who The conversation above occurred known as a rapper. Chance share in YouTube which is entitled “Lenny the story how he met his wife for the Kravitz Surprises Kid Drummer Justin first time at the age of 9 years old Wilson II” published on September and then he fell in with her and they 24, 2019. This conversation happens decided to married in 2018. between Ellen and Justin Wilson during guest interview session. Justin Based on the conversation is 5 years old kid drummer who above, when Chance told his impressed everyone because his marriage story, especially the date of drumming to Lenny Kravitz’s hit, “Fly his wedding held, he did a mistake. away”. He will be surprised because He said that he married since March th Lenny Kravitz came to the Ellen 9 . In fact, he married to Kirsten in show. December while his wedding party Justin who looked like excited held in March. The apology when he answered some questions strategies used by Chance is from Ellen, such as his age, what he expressing of regret. has done in his birthday, and his Data 4 drumming did by him on You Tube. Ellen : Anyway, I apologize for- Mark : Just blast her. Oh my God. The data above was taken from Look what you’ve done. conversation on Ellen Show The conversation above occurred YouTube, entitled “Charlie Puth Gets in YouTube which is entitled “Mark a Surprise from Jennifer Aniston” on Wahlberg and Ellen Play ‘Danger Word’” published on January 20th, Oktober 29, 2019. The conversation 2020. The conversation happens occurs between Jennifer and Charlie, between Ellen and Mark Wahlberg when Jennifer came to Ellen for during game session. The surprised Charlie. Charlie told to conversation above occurred in Ellen that he was a huge fan of YouTube which is entitled “Mark Jennifer and never met her. In Wahlberg and Ellen Play ‘Danger addition, he also said that he was Word’” published on January 20th, 2020. The conversation happens hung out with Courtney and Lisa. between Ellen and Mark Wahlberg They came to the pizza party. during game session. Both of them In the conversation, Charlie play the “Danger Word” game with delivered his apology to Jennifer by two audiences, named Claire and using Indirect strategies, especially Lauren Menkina. Lauren to be on by using explicit explanation. He said Mark’s team while Claire to be on that after answered Jennifer question Ellen’s team. The game played by mention the winning word without about why she did not invited on the saying the danger word. If the party. In addition, the reason Jennifer audience said the danger word, one did not invited in pizza party is of them will be forced to push the because he thought that Jennifer button. were out of town. In the conversation, Ellen uttered Data 6 an apology, “I apologize for” it refers for what she did next. At the time, Ellen : She hadn’t put her glasses Ellen pushed the button to Claire on. after she failed guessed the correct Mark : Oh no, she didn’t even her word. She said danger word goggles on. Ellen. “shampoo”. She should be said the Ellen : I’m sorry. I didn’t know. I didn’t know she didn’t have winning word “conditioner”. The apology strategies used by Ellen is her. offer an apology which is categorized Mark : Well, clearly, yeah, you in direct apology. couldn’t see her. Oh, and she 2) Indirect Apology didn’t get to close her mouth. Data 5 The conversation above occurred Jennifer : How come I didn’t in YouTube which is entitled “Mark Wahlberg and Ellen Play ‘Danger get invited to that th pizza party? Word’” published on January 20 , Charlie : Well, I think you 2020. The conversation happens were. I think you were between Ellen and Mark Wahlberg out of town or during game session. Both of them something. play the “Danger Word” game with Jennifer : I was out of the town. two audiences, named Claire and Charlie : That’s ok. It was in Lauren Menkina. Lauren to be on and out pizza. Mark’s team while Claire to be on Ellen’s team. The game played by mention the winning word without saying the danger word. If the few years ago. He is 14 years old audience said the danger word, one now and he talked his role in the new of them will be forced to push the movie. Noah told to Ellen about how button. their first met because Ellen forgot it. Claire who false guessed the word ‘mat’, she mentions the danger In the conversation above, Ellen word. So, as the punishment, Ellen does not used explicit way or direct who partner teams with her should way in deliver her apology. Ellen be pushed the button. Suddenly, used explicit acknowledgment Ellen made a mistake because she strategy by admitted that she had a pushed the button when Claire does mistake because doesn’t remember not put the glasses on her eyes. So, a person. it makes the water covered her face. Then, Ellen uttered an apology. She 3) Remedial Support said “I’m sorry. I didn’t know. I didn’t Data 8 know she didn’t have her”. The Mark : Do I press this now? apology strategy used by Ellen is Ellen : Yeah. indirect apology which is includes in Mark : All right sorry. I hope that expression of lack intent. It was you have a nice change of includes in lack of intent because she clothes. I would have doesn’t intend did it. brought some municipal

gear for you, but. Data 7 The conversation above occurred Ellen : It’s cool for you to be here, in YouTube which is entitled “Mark for me. Alright. So, we’ve met Wahlberg and Ellen Play ‘Danger before, someone tells me. Word’” published on January 20th, But, I don’t remember 2020. The conversation happens meeting you. between Ellen and Mark Wahlberg Noah : No, it’s fine. I don’t really during game session. The remember it either. 11 was a conversation above occurred in strange year. No, when I was YouTube which is entitled “Mark filming Suburbicon with Wahlberg and Ellen Play ‘Danger th GeorgeClooney. And I think Word’” published on January 20 , we were walking to crafty or 2020. The conversation happens something. And I remember it between Ellen and Mark Wahlberg was just outside this stage or during game session. Both of them wherever you were filming on play the “Danger Word” game with this lot. And you were riding two audiences, named Claire and your bike out and you just Lauren Menkina. Lauren to be on said hi to me as you were Mark’s team while Claire to be on riding along. And it was great. Ellen’s team. The game played by mention the winning word without The data above was taken from saying the danger word. If the conversation on Ellen Show audience said the danger word, one YouTube, entitled “Actor Noah Jupe of them will be forced to push the button. Jogs Ellen’s Memory of Their First In the conversation, Mark who Interaction” published on November mention the word “suntan” as the 12, 2019. The conversation occurs clue, then Clara answer correctly between Ellen and Noah Jupe after because she choose winning word. At the end, Mark should be pushed then, I learned that you owe the button because Lauren as his some money in student loans, team does not said anything. So, you’re trying to save money before he did it, he ask an for a car, and you’re such a apologizing to Lauren because his good person, you were so act. The apology strategy used by patient with her. You didn’t Mark is remedial support which is get frustrated, you didn’t tell categorized in offer of repair. someone to come help, you didn’t, you just stayed there Data 9 with her the whole time. So, I Melisa : There’s camera everywhere want to reward your kindness. Alexis : Are you serious? So, shutterfly wants to give Melisa : Yeah. I’m sorry I scared you! you $20.000 It’s Ellen’s fault. It’s Ellen’s fault. Say shame. The conversation above occurred in YouTube which is entitled “Ellen The conversation above occurred Meets Employee at Center of Melissa in YouTube which is entitled “Ellen McCarthry’s Hidden Camera” th Meets Employee at Center of Melissa published on September 12 , 2019. McCarthry’s Hidden Camera” The conversation happens between published on September 12th, 2019. Ellen and Alexis. Alexis invited by The conversation happens between Ellen after she got prank. Then, they Melisa McCarthy and Alexis are talked about what she felt at the Symonds at a local dry cleaner which time. is the place Alexis work. Ellen surprised her by doing hidden The apology strategies used by earpiece prank used by Melisa. Ellen in the conversation is evasive During the prank, Ellen guided Melisa strategies which is include in to do what Ellen said in the Studio. At expressing concern for hearer. Ellen the time, Ellen asked Melisa shown her concern when Alexis told pretended to asked her for about what her feeling at the time. medicine and finally fell down at the CONCLUSION floor. In the last, Melisa revealed that This research discusses the type there’s hidden camera everywhere. of apology strategies used Trosborg Melisa who saw Alexis a little bit (1995) theory. The researcher just shook, then she uttered an apology found three types from five types. because she felt guilty. The apology They are: direct apology (expression strategies used by Melisa is evasive of regret and offer of apology), strategies that categorized in blaming indirect apology (explicit explanation, someone else. Because, she said explicit acknowledgment and lack of “It’s Ellen’s fault.” It means that, she intent) and remedial support (offer of blames someone else for what she repair, blamming someone else and has done. concern for hearer). Data 10 Based on this research, the Alexis : I feel incredibly grateful, and researcher concludes that the using thank you so much for having me on your show. Ican’t of apology strategies can be found in believe this is real. the talk show. It was because talk Ellen : Well, we wanted to have you show contains interaction between just to apologize, but since two people or more. As the result, we can found the mistakes during that Retnowaty, R., & Maulida, N. (2019). interaction and it caused uttered an Apology strategies used by apology. By doing this research, students in university of balikpapan. Journal of English hopefully making the reading Language Studies, 4(1), 1. understand and realized the using https://doi.org/10.30870/jels.v4i1 apology strategies in daily live or .4369 media communication. I hope this research will be useful for the reader Sari, M. K. (2016). Apology strategy to explore this topic used different in english by native speaker. Lingua Cultura, 10(1), 13. source data. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v10i1. REFERENCE 815

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