PERFORMANCE “ELLEN WITH WILL SMITH FULL INTERVIEW” TALK SHOW: EMOTIVE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS

Kartika1, Faidah Yusuf2, Umar Thamrin3 Mahasiswa UIN Makassar1, Dosen UIN Makassar2, Dosen UIN Makassar3 Jln. H.M. Yasin Limpo, Samata. Gowa. South Sulawesi [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract: This study focused to analyze the emotive language functions in the Ellen DeGeneres talk show. The objective of this study was to describe the emotive language functions work in the conversation performance by the actors “Ellen with Will Smith Full Interview” talk show. This study used qualitative method. The data were analyzed based on Jacobson’s theory. The result of this study showed that only 5 of 17 emotive language functions were applied. The emotive language functions applied were pleasure, like, dislike, surprise, gratitude. While the emotive language functions that not applied were hope, satisfaction, dissatisfaction, worry, preference, sympathy, intentions, want, desire, dear and disappointment. This study found that the most emotive function that frequently used in the Ellen DeGeneres Talk Show was “like expression”. The emotive function in the Ellen DeGeneres talk show worked to express the actor’s feelings to other people based on the context and situation of the conversation.

Keywords: Performance, Talk Show, Emotive Language Functions

Abstrak: Studi ini difokuskan untuk menganalisis fungsi bahasa emotif dalam talk show Ellen DeGeneres. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan fungsi bahasa emotifik yang bekerja dalam penampilan percakapan oleh aktor “Ellen with Will Smith Full Interview”. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif. Data dianalisis berdasarkan teori Jacobson. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa hanya 5 dari 17 fungsi bahasa emotif yang diterapkan. Fungsi bahasa emotif yang diterapkan adalah kesenangan, suka, tidak suka, terkejut, syukur. Sedangkan fungsi bahasa emotif yang tidak diterapkan adalah harapan, kepuasan, ketidakpuasan, kekhawatiran, preferensi, simpati, niat, keinginan, keinginan, sayang dan kekecewaan. Studi ini menemukan bahwa fungsi paling emotif yang sering digunakan dalam Ellen DeGeneres Talk Show adalah “like expression”. Fungsi emotif dalam talk show Ellen DeGeneres berfungsi untuk mengekspresikan perasaan aktor kepada orang lain berdasarkan konteks dan situasi percakapan.

Kata kunci: Pertunjukan, Talk Show, Fungsi Bahasa Emotif

1. INTRODUCTION understand what the speakers mean. The gesture is a form of non-verbal Therefore, the listeners must look at the communication, where the actions of the context of the conversation. The body are seen to communicate certain message received by the listener is messages. When the speakers deliver the influenced by the situation that occurs message, then shown with the gesture, during the conversation. By looking at so the listeners will more easily the conversation context, the listeners Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 1 can interpret the meaning of the (1989, p. 27), there are seventeen kinds conversation, it is called contextual of emotive functions. They are pleasure, meaning. When gesture occurs, then the displeasure, like, dislike, surprise, hope, listeners see the context, so the meaning satisfaction, dissatisfaction, occurs from the interpretation of the disappointment, worry, preference, listeners, it is called the emotive gratitude, sympathy, intention, want, function. Based on Jacobson (1960) in dear and desire. Expressions that occur Chaer, the emotive function is a function when speakers interact with other people where the speakers express their attitude can provide understanding to the towards what they are speaking about. listeners. For example, when someone is That is the speakers not only express angry with something, he or she will their emotions through language, but show his or her attitude in a way of also show those emotions with a gesture silence, even being asked he or she will when speaking out. not answer. This makes the listeners The emotive function relate to the understand the expression and gives the characters of the conversations. impression that the speakers are angry. Characters cannot show their emotion This research can help the audience only though expressions, but they have to understand well the use of the to be contextual or in a single way. In emotive functions by actors in the talk the research which was conducted by show. The researcher wants to analyze a (Wahyuni, 2014) in her thesis, she found talk show instead of a film or novel that the characters perform expressive because in a novel or film the emotions function intends to vent some feelings are shown by the characters are arranged and evoke the same feeling from other by the author of the novel, while in a people based on the context of the talk show, emotions expressed by the conversation. So, the emotion was not presenter or guest star. It appeared is meaningful without context. spontaneous without any engineering. It The emotive function is also called concerns daily life that people's the expressive function. The emotive emotions arise spontaneously without function is a function of the language being planned. used to express human feelings. For Moreover, the talk show that example, feeling satisfied with analyzed is the Ellen DeGeneres talk something, sad, happy, angry, and so on. show. Ellen DeGeneres talk show is a Based on Jacobson (1960) in Cook talk show that funny so that the audience

Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1, Juni 2020: 1-11 feels entertained when watching this talk grammar, the functional approach is less show. However, it never be known well document (Brown and Yule 1983, whether the comedies presented by p.1). According to Jackson and Ellen are indeed funny or there is a Stockwell 2011 in Sean Sutherland, message which is not known by the discourse analysis can be done to either audience. So, the researcher is interested spoken language or written language. to analyze the Ellen DeGeneres show as Some author makes a distinction an object of research. The researcher between “spoken text and written text”. formulated research question to get the Written text is text in the form of writing main purpose of this study is how do the such as newspapers, letters and so on. emotive language functions work in While spoken text is text in the form of performance by the actors “Ellen with tape recordings that is transcribed into Will Smith Full Interview” talk show. writing. Based on the explanation above, the According (Jinadu, 2006) in UK researcher analyzed the emotive Essay, that there are three main points in language functions in the Ellen discourse analysis: DeGeneres talk show’s transcript used 1. Discourse analysis deals with the (Jacobson, 1960). There are seventeen nations of the sentence in grammar kinds of emotive functions; pleasure, as the basic level from which displeasure, like, dislike, surprise, hope, grammatical or semantic meaning satisfaction, dissatisfaction, derive. disappointment, worry, preference, 2. In Discourse analysis, message and gratitude, sympathy, intention, want, shared experience became dear and desire (Jacobson 1960) in Cook interactive. (1989, p. 27). 3. There is the concept of context, and in discourse analysis is the meanings of discourses. 2. METHODOLOGY 2.1 Discourse analysis 2.2 Context The discourse analysis is Context is a collection of committed to an investigation of what text, which describes the situations in that language is used for. While the writing. The context is the domain of formal approach as a long tradition reference of a given text, the co-text, manifested in innumerable volumes of Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 3 the genre of speech event in interpreted in terms of cultural progress, the discourse constructed beliefs and practices of the upstream, the socio-cultural people. environment assumed by the text, In conducting communications, and the specific utterance situation at context relates to the element of hand, subject to a continuous process communications. (Hymes, 1974) of construction and revision as the mentioned the acronym of discourse unfolds. SPEAKING. Based on (Jinadu, 2006) in 1. S: Setting and scene, it includes UK Essay, there are four types of both the scene and setting. This is relevant contexts are often identified where the activities are taking by discourse analysis. They are the place and the overall scene in situational context, social context, which day is a part. cognitive context, and cultural 2. P: Participants, it includes the context. people present and the roles they 1. Situational context is one of the play, or the relationships they recognized contexts which take have with other participants. into account the physical 3. E: Ends, the purpose and the goals environment of the discourse. of communication can be studied. 2. Social context is the context that 4. A: Acts, it includes both form and operates among interlocutors content. It is any actions can be which concerns the interpersonal considered a communicative and interactional relationship. action if it conveys meaning to the 3. The cognitive context is the participants. context which deals with the 5. K: Key is a tone of speech. It is message that goes on from the the speech sounds or was speaker to the hearer functions delivered. between their shared experiences. 6. I: Instrumentality is the channel 4. Cultural context involves the through which communication worldview of both the speaker flows can be examined. and the hearer which may be

Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1, Juni 2020: 1-11 7. N: Norms are the rules guiding using intonation or by the use of talk and its interpretation can performance expressions. reveal meaning. Based on Jacobson's (1960) in 8. G: Genres are textual categories Cook (1989, p. 27), there are seventeen kinds of emotive functions that used by of speech, such as proverbs, speakers to describe their emotions as apologies, prayers, small talk, and follows: so on 1. Pleasure is a good activity and

gives a sensation of pleasure or 2.3 Emotive Functions emotion. This expression has the Talk about emotive functions, it function to express the speaker's means that talk about people's feelings, feelings for pleasure or satisfaction. their condition, and how they deliver For example, "today is a good day" their feeling. The emotive function 2. Like, the feelings of people likes shows the speaker's attitudes when they something and used in a good speak to their audience (Jacobson 1960, condition, especially when people p. 354). Based on Leech in Ba’dulu are happy and other situations that (2009, p. 5), the expressive function is give rise to someone's impression. expressing the speakers' or writers' For example "Extraordinary!", feelings or attitudes. The emotive term “amazing”. put forward by Marty is better known as 3. Displeasure, the feelings of people an emotional term. The emotive function who feel unhappy, upset or is delivered with an exclamation word. dissatisfied with someone or Emotive differs from referential either something. This serves to by its sound patterns, strange sound determine what the speakers intend sequences or even unusual sounds and to vent their feelings. For example: syntactic roles (Jacobson 1960, p. 354). "Huh,Ugh, Nonsense". Based on Beijer (2003, p. 9) states 4. Dislike is the feeling of someone that the term emotional/expressive who doesn't like something and utterance refers to any utterance in sometimes makes the speakers are which the speakers in question are angry. Example "oh no, he makes emotional involved, and in which this me sick" involvement is linguistically expressed 5. Surprise, someone's feelings when feeling something extraordinary. Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 5

Example: “oh wow! That is 11. Gratitude, thankfulness when unbelievable!” someone gets something good. 6. Hope, people’s feeling who hopes Example: “thanks to God”. something good will happen to 12. Sympathy is a feeling or attitude of them. This expression is used to someone who is attracted to others express the state of people due to certain factors. This according to their wishes. For expression is usually expressed by Example: “God, I wish I can do it”. congratulating someone who has 7. Satisfaction, the feeling of someone achieved an achievement. Example: who is satisfied with something he "What a pity!" gets. This happens in certain 13. Intention, expected outcomes that situations when the speakers has are intended or that guide the done something difficult or actions you plan. Example: "just complicated and how someone calm down!" feels is sometimes more important 14. Want, desire or hope for something. than what he/she thinks is right. For This expression has the Example: "that’s wonderful!” and characteristics of when people need “fantastic!”. something or have ambitions to 8. Dissatisfaction, the circumstances realize these ambitions. Example: of people who are dissatisfied with “fighting!” something they get or something 15. Desire is strong to wish to have or that is not right for them. Example: doing something. For instance, "this is hopeless". “never give up!” 9. Worry, the expression of someone 16. Dear, used in the salutation of a who is used in a complicated letter as an expression of affection situation and shows anxious or respect or as a conventional attitude towards something or greeting. It is actually as a kind of someone. Example: "take care", common expression when people "be careful on your way" want to send something to others. 10. Preference, a choice made by For Example: “Dear, sir”. someone. Often used by someone 17. Disappointment is the expression of to choose something good to do. someone for something that is not Example: “I’d rather go shopping in accordance with their this afternoon”. expectations. This expression

Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1, Juni 2020: 1-11 usually occurs when people receive emotive functions. They are pleasure, and get something that is not like, dislike, surprise, and gratitude. appropriate for them. For example: In the result, the researcher In this research used the qualitative found there are five kinds of emotive method to describe the emotive functions of Video “Ellen with Will language functions. Ospina (2004) Smith full interview” (18.23 minutes). mention that the goal of qualitative In this video, Will Smith explains how studies is a comprehension he persuaded his wife to go skydiving summarization, in everyday terms, of for his 50th birthday and his experience specific events experienced by bungee jumping out of a helicopter over individuals or groups of individual. This the Grand Crayon. Then, Ellen research aims to describe emotive welcomed the “Aladdin” star also functions in the Ellen DeGeneres Talk chatted with co-stars Mena Massoud Show’s transcript. The study used and Naomi Scott about bringing conversation in The Ellen DeGeneres beloved Disney characters to life and Talk Show’s transcript from YouTube. played a game with the audience called The researcher took video of this Talk “Rub My Lamp”, giving some lucky Show “Ellen with Will Smith full fans huge prize. In this video, the interview” (18.23 minutes). researcher found the data as follows: a. Pleasure In the datum 1 3. RESULT Smith: It's been great. The researcher presents the data Ellen: All right, thank you. based on conversation between Ellen Smith: That's all we've got time for. and the guest star in the Ellen All right, that's all. DeGeneres talk show on NBC-TV. The Ellen: Yeah. researcher found there are five kinds of This utterance is an expression of emotive language functions from three pleasure. This utterance is videos of Ellen DeGeneres talk show. expressed by Will Smith because The videos Ellen with Will Smith full he has been invited to the Ellen interview with the guests star Will DeGeneres talk show. Smith issued Smith, Mena Massoude and Naomi the sentence to describe his feeling Scott found there are five kinds of of pleasure to Ellen who has invited him to the event. Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 7 b. Like This utterance is one of the In the datum 2 expressions of like. This expression Ellen: It was wonderful. It's so-- I is used by someone when he/she always love when I know like a thing or an event. The word you're going to be on the “Amazing” is the utterance that show. You're so much fun. expressed by Ellen when Ellen And this couldn't be a heard Smith's story that Smith can better time for me because do everything like being able to I don't feel well, and you play movies, rap and so on. Ellen is just made-- amazed at the talent that Smith has. Smith: Oh no, I got it. I got it. In the datum 4 Ellen: Just relax. Ellen: And you sing. We know you This utterance is an expression of as a rapper. But then you like. This utterance is expressed by sing in this. Ellen when Smith tells her to stand Smith: Yes, I sing! by his side and made the Smith Ellen: It's great. look so cool. This utterance is an expression In the datum 3 of like. This utterance is expressed by Smith: And so we went up there. Ellen when Smith tell her that he sing And then, there's this dark the Aladdin’s song with a pop genre internet where you can find while Smith himself is a rap singer. all kinds of stuff like that. Ellen is amazed and really likes the So you know, I've been talent that Smith has. hanging with too many 20- c. Dislike year-olds. So we found In the datum 5 that. We went up. We went Smith: Have you ever jumped? on there. We shot it. My Have you ever? buddy had a drone. And we Ellen: No. You know when I was did the whole thing. younger; I thought that I Ellen: Amazing. You do all these wanted to do that. It was things. I have this here, and kind of a dream of mine. it's going to be fine. But I And as I got older and have this… wiser, I decided. I don't Smith: Oh, oh, oh! want to do that

Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1, Juni 2020: 1-11 It is categorize the expression of utterance is expressed by Will dislike. Expressions of dislike Smith who is very impressed in the are usually expressed by Ellen DeGeneres talk show. This someone when she/he gets expression always uses by someone something which they don't like. when he/she gets something. I don't want to that, is the e. Gratitude utterance revealed by Ellen In the datum 8 when offered by Smith to do a Mena Massoud: Yeah, very jump together. Ellen didn't like blessed. Yes. We're very that because she is traumatized blessed to be here and since she was young about grateful. And we hope jumping. people like the film. In the datum 6 Ellen: I think they will. Smith: We should do it together. This utterance is a kind of Ellen: No, no. expression of gratitude. This Smith: We would break the internet utterance is expressed by Mena if we did it together. Massoud because she was very This utterance is categorized of grateful to Ellen for being invited dislike. This utterance is expressed as the guest star of the Ellen by Ellen when Smith convinced DeGeneres Talk show. Ellen to jump together. Ellen really In this part, the researcher presents does not like the invitation made by the data that have been found based on Smith. the talk show’s transcript. In addition, d. Surprise the researcher explains each expression In the datum 7, by looking at the context based on the Smith: Wow, well, thanks a lot, Jacobson theory in the emotive language Ellen! Oh, yeah. It's been functions. The researcher examined great. Ellen with Will Smith full interview with Ellen: All right, thank you. the guest star Will Smith, they discuss Smith: That's all we've got time for. the birthday of Will Smith's wife and his All right, that's all. experience as a Jinni actor in the film Ellen: Yeah. Aladdin. Besides that, the researcher It is categorizing the expression of explains each expression by looking at surprise. Seeing in the context, this Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 9 the context based on the Jacobson theory by the character in the novel were in emotive language functions. various, and she found seven kinds there In the data above, the researcher are surprise, disappointment, found pleasure, like, dislike, surprise, displeasure, worry, pleasure, sympathy, and gratitude. So, in the Ellen and gratitude. While in this research, the DeGeneres talk show, the emotive researcher also found the emotive functions that are often used by Ellen functions work in performance by the and the guest stars are the five kinds of actors in the Ellen DeGeneres Talk emotive functions namely pleasure, like, Show were various and the researcher dislike, surprise and gratitude. The most found five kinds of emotive language emotive function that frequently used in functions there pleasure, like, dislike, the Ellen DeGeneres Talk Show is “like surprise and gratitude. While in the talk expression” because this talk show is show, the emotive language functions entertaining and the topics discussed are that found there are five kinds, and in according to what the guest stars like. the novel there are seven kinds, because Based on Jacobson’s theory, Like in the talk show the emotive language expression is the feelings of people likes functions that are often used by people something and used in a good condition, in formal form. Meanwhile in the novel, especially when people are happy and the people used the emotive language other situations that give rise to functions based on the context of the someone's impression. conversation. In additions, this study deals with Wahyuni(2014)’s previous research but from previous study Wahyuni took 4. CONCLUSION Novel as object to identified while in There are five types of emotive this research used talk show as object of language functions used by the guest the research. Wahyuni also focuses on star in the Ellen DeGeneres talk show in finding emotive functions that uses in five expressions are often used by Ellen the novel heart of the matter. She and the guest stars because in the talk analyzed kinds of the emotive language show, Ellen and the guest stars express functions in the main characters in the their feelings in accordance with the novel heart of the matter. Wahyuni’s conditions that occur with them. They previous research (2014) finds that the also express their feelings in a polite emotive language functions performed manner even though there is something

Jurnal Ilmiah Bina Bahasa Vol. 13 No. 1, Juni 2020: 1-11 they don't like because they are public Cook, Guy (1989). Discourse: Language Teaching; A Schema for figures known by the public, so they Teacher Education. Oxford must be careful in expressing their New York Toronto, Oxford University Press. feelings. The most emotive function that frequently used in the Ellen DeGeneres Essay, UK. (November 2013). Context is Fundamental to Discourse Talk Show is “like expression” because Analysis English Language this talk show is entertaining and the Essay.https:www.ukessay.com/ess ay/english-language/context-is- topics discussed are according to what fundamental-to-discourse-analysis- the guest stars like. The emotive english-language-essay. functions work in performance by the George, Yule. (1996). Pragmatics. New actors in the Ellen DeGeneres talk show York. Oxford University Press. to express the actor’s feelings to other Hymes, Dell. (1974). Foundations of people based on the context and Sociolinguistics: An Ethnographic Approach. Philadelphia. situation of the conversation.

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Performance “Ellen With Will Smith Full Interview” Talk Show: Emotive Language Functions (Kartika, Faidah Yusuf, dan Umar Thamrin) 11