Anti Oxidant Role of Selected Medicinal Plants K
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International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 7, July-2018 1586 ISSN 2229-5518 Anti Oxidant Role of Selected Medicinal Plants K. Elizabath mathew1 A.J.A.Ranjitsingh3 1. Research scholar, Manonmaniam Sundaranar 3. Department of Biotechnology, Prathyusha University, Tirunelveli Engineering College, Chennai. C.Padmalatha2 G.Athinarayanan4 2. Department of Animal Science, Manonmaniam 4. PG and Research department of Microbiology, Sundaranar University, Tirunelveli Sri Ram Nallamani Yadava College of Arts and Science, Tenkasi. eliminate many of today’s common health 1. Introduction problems. Medicinal plants were nature’s priceless Emilia sonchifolia Emilia sonchifolia is an annual herbaceous gift to human. The development in the field of plant which is found mainly in tropical and sub modern medicine temporarily subdued the traditional herbal Medicine. But today herbal tropical countries and in India and other countries of Asia. E.sonchifolia commonly known as medicine renaissance is blooming across the world. Heranakhuri in Hindi belongs to Asteraceae Green medicines are healthier, safer and harmless than synthetic ones. The traditional medicine is Family. E.sonchifolia is a tuberulous slender herb growing 30-40 cm height. It is edible and used as accepted as an alternative form of health care a salad before flowering. Stem and leaves are (Kumar et al., 2015). Herbal remedies represent one of the most cooked and eaten as vegetable. E.sonchifolia is reported to have anticancer property, anti important fields of traditional medicines ‘ In rural areas ,ethnomedicine is practiced by large group inflammatory and antioxidant activity. Many studies revealed that the plant contains alkaloids, of people for the treatment of several physical , flavonoids and terpenoids (Shen et al., physiological and social ailments(Swarnkar ,et al.,2009).Hence there is an urgent need to search 2012).Hence this plant is being used in Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of various new compounds from plant extracts .In the present diseases (Sophia et al,. 2011 ). study, two plants were chosen viz., ,Withania Medicinal plants and male infertility somnifera and Emilia sonchifolia to find out their Recent time’s nutrition research on dietary efficacy in curing male infertility through their antioxidants and its effects on human health have antioxidant properties.. become a major interest. The synthetic antioxidant Withania somniferaIJSER leaves a lot of side effects. Many herbals and Withania somnifera (L) is a small , erect medicinal plants are powerful antioxidants, due to evergreen woody shrub that grows up to a height the presence of phenolic bioactive compounds of 1-m and belongs to the family of Solanaceae (Gadallah, 2018). Free radicals are formed as a ).This plant is cultivated in India, Bangladesh, result of adenosine tri phosphate (ATP) production South Africa, Congo, Moroco, Jordan, Pakisthan by mitochondria, when the cells use oxygen to and Afganistan. The plant is reported to have many generate energy. Free radicals are generally called chemical and pharmacological properties .Hence it as Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS).Based on is widely used as therapeutic agents in Ayurvedic concentrations they are classified into lower, and Unani systems for treatment(Chopra,1994). moderate and high levels. Lower and moderate In Ayurveda, Withania somnifera levels exert beneficial effects in cellular response (Ashwakanda) is widely claimed for having potent and immune function (High concentration of ROS aphrodisiac, rejuvenative, sedative and life generates oxidative stress and damages all cell prolonging properties. Ayurvedic practitioners are structure), ( Aitken ,1989) using this plant traditionally to promote youthful Male infertility is associated with various vigour, strength, endurance and health. It increases anatomical abnormalities, environmental factors, the production of vital fluid, blood, lymph, muscle life style disorders, inflammation and urino-genital fat, semen and cells,. (Bhattacharyaand trauma in male reproductive system and oxidative Muruganandam ,2003). stress ( Agarwal et al., 2014 ). Mammalian W.somnifera also act as an spermatozoa membranes are very sensitive to free immunosuppressive agent for the inflammatory radical induced damage mediated by lipid disease (Devi ,1996 and Bhattacharya et al., peroxidise due its rich poly unsaturated fatty acids 2000,2001, 2002).Hence the plant deserves component. Reactive Oxygen Species attacks the attention as herbal therapy to ease or even fluidity of the sperm plasma membrane and the integrity of DNA in the sperm nucleus. Thereby IJSER © 2018 http://www.ijser.org International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 9, Issue 7, July-2018 1587 ISSN 2229-5518 DNA damage accelerate germ cell apoptosis ( of total phenolics and tannins was calculated as Opuwari and Henkel , 2016). gallic acid equivalents (GAE) as described by DNA damage, decrease the motility and Shahidi et al., 1992. The total flavonoid content induce, abnormal morphology which affect the was determined by the method described various spermatic physiological processes such as previously by Pieta, 2000. cap acitation, sperm -oocyte fusion and hyper Metal chelating activity activation ( Zini et al., 2009) The chelating activity of ferrous ions by Male infertility treatment can be done by the extracts of the two plant leaves was estimated the support of antioxidant supplementation by the method described by (Hebbel et al., 1990). (Agarwal et al., 201 5).The beneficial effect of Absorbance of the solution was measured antioxidant treatment for the improvement of sperm spectrophoto metrically at 562nm. The results were parameters in men as well as fertilization or expressed as mg ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid pregnancy rates in their partners are reported (EDTA) equivalent/g extract. (Agarwal et al., 2003,2014,2015) . The DPPH radical scavenging activity of An improvement in sperm quality, mainly the two extracts was measured using the method of sperm motility, sperm concentration and in sperm Blois (1958). Lc50 value of the extract morphology was reported due to the reduction of concentration of extract necessary to decrease the oxidation treatments ( Ko et al., 2014). Drugs initial concentration of DPPH by 50% was with anti oxidative properties had been postulated calculated. for the management of male fertility Antioxidant Activity problems(Makker etal.,2009) .Reduction of Determination of total phenolics in the tested antioxidants, lack of vitamin A and elements such plants as flavonoids, carnitine, folate, zinc, selenium ,Vit. Total phenolic compounds in both the C and E etc., in diet were the reasons for plants were estimated.. Total phenolic activity was infertility especially in the cases of oligospermia high at a concentration of 1000 µg for the plant and asthenospermia in humans.(Lombardo et al., samples and it was found to be 1.010 nm and 1.030 2011).Recently oxidative stress has become the nm for Withania sominifera and Emilia sonchifolia focus of interest as potential cause of male (Fig.1). In another study it is reported that the infertility and non- hormonal treatment is also Iranian Ocimum, which are often present in Iranian needed for patients with idiopathic, or non curable dishes, are strong radical scavengers and can be oligo-astheno- terato-zoospermia and for non-non considered as good sources of natural antioxidants zoospermia infertile patients’(Gadallah,2018). for side dishes, medicinal and commercial uses.( Javanmardi et al., 2002 ). 2. Materials and Methods ` Polyphenolic compounds were known to Fresh leaves of the two plants were have antioxidant activity ( Raj, 2012)). This collected from Sri IJSERParamakalyani College campus. activity was believed to be mainly due to their The plant was authenticated by the Botany redox properties, which played an important role in Department of the college. The plant leaves were absorbing and neutralizing free radicals, quenching washed thoroughly in tap water, shade dried at o singlet and triplet oxygen, or decomposing room temperature (25 C), powdered and used for peroxides (Sophia, et al.,2012). solvent extraction. Preliminary phyto chemical Determination of Total Flavonoids in the tested screening was done using standard procedures. The plants. powdered samples were packed into a Soxhlet In terms of flavonoids content, both the apparatus and were extracted sequentially with plants showed good activity in 1000µg and it was methanol and the air dried residue was further found to be 1.25nm for Withania sominifera and extracted with hot water by the method of 1.60nm for Emilia sonchifolia. The total content maceration. The material was dried in a hot air of flavonoids was influenced by the interaction oven at 40oC. The solvents were evaporated using a o between varieties and parts of plants. In fact, many rotary vacuum-evaporator at 50 C and the medicinal plants contain large amount of remaining water was removed by lyophilisation. antioxidants such as polyphenols (Cibin et al ., The extract recovery in the solvents was expressed 2006) Previous studies had shown that some as percent of the plant sample dry matter. The flavonoids components such as quercetin had freeze-dried extracts thus obtained was dissolved in anticancer activities and good antioxidant activity the solvents at the concentration of 1mg/1ml and .They were able to inhibit cancer cell growth (Lija used for assessment of antioxidant capacity through