IDENTIFICATION OF FAMILY AT UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA, DEPOK

Ririn Oktarina and Andi Salamah Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, University of Indonesia, UI Campus Depok, 16424, Indonesia *)e-mail: [email protected]

Abstrak Penelitian identifikasi Asteraceae di Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok di lakukan pada bulan September hingga Oktober 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis Asteraceae yang terdapat di Kampus Universitas Indonesia, Depok. Tanaman didentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi menggunakan kunci determinasi buku Flora of Java dan buku morfologi tumbuhan. Terdapat 21 jenis dari 20 marga Asteraceae tersebar di Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok. Asteraceae yang ditemukan di Kampus Universitas Indonesia tersebar di tempat - tempat yang terpapar cahaya matahari seperti lapangan, jalan raya, lahan bangunan, perbatasan hutan dan selokan. Lokasi yang memiliki jumlah jenis Asteraceae terbanyak adalah Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Indonesia dengan jumlah total jenis 16. Asteraceae yang umum dijumpai di Kampus Universitas Indonesia Depok yaitu Mikania micrantha, Cyanthilliumcinereum, nodiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, dan sonchifolia.

Keywords: Identification, description, morphology, Asteraceae, University of Indonesia INTRODUCTION houstonianum, Eupatorium riparium, and Asteraceae consist of herbaceous Tegetes erecta are known as biocontrol agents and shrubs which include one of the largest in pests controlling. extracts of families in the flowering . These consist Eupatoriumriparium effectively reduce a about 1.100 genera and more than 23.000 number of Aedesaegypty larvaes. species (Taylor, 1985; Broholm et al., 2008). Ecologically, Asteraceae plants have an Asteraceae are also plants that easy to be important role in ecosystem. These plants maintained and cosmopolitan plant that are prevent land erosion by reducing velocity of scattered in various area such as fields, gardens, rain-water. Moreover, roots of Asteraceae and the edge of the road. Several plants belong plants can act as a habitat for soil biota and add to Asteraceae are well known. These are organic materials to the soil. In addition, Helianthus annuus, Sphagneticola trilobata, existence of these plants can increase soil Sonchus arvensis, Blumea balsamifera, and resistance against erosion. A lot of potential in Ageratum conyzoides (Tjiroosepomo, 1996; members of Asteraceae family make them Burke et al., 2002). interesting as an object of research (Kumolo Asteraceae plants have many functions, and Utami, 2011). such as ornamental, vegetable, and medicinal METHODS plants. These plants also have ecological roles The research was conducted at in ecosystem (Tjitrosoepomo, 1996). One kind University of Indonesia, Depok during of Asteraceae, such as Ageratum conyzoides September to October 2012. The equipment has big potential to cure various diseases. which were used for scan location and identify Another kind of these, such as Ageratum species were a camera [Canon Power Shot

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A2300], a black cloth, a ruler 30 cm [butterfly], borders, curbs, and shrubs. a sewing meter, a stationary, a board, Flora of Cyanthilliumcinereum, Synedrella nodiflora, Java book (Backer and Brink, 1965), Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, and Tjitrosoepomo (2001) book, and map of UI are kinds of Asteraceae campus. plant which common in roadsides of UI The first step in the research was campus, Depok. observation of the locations where Asteraceae Tithonia diversifoliais a herbaceous can be found in the University of Indonesia plant to 1,5 m tall. The stem is round, erect, area. Then, these locations were put into site and green. Length of peduncle can reach 35 cm. plan. Next step, the plants were identified in The are simple, green, rhomboid, the field. It was adjusting plants morphology alternate, nerve palmate, acute at the apex, and data with determination keys in Flora of serrate. The inflorescence consists of marginal Java(Backer and Brink, 1965). and disk flowers. It is yellow and located in terminal. According to Jama et al. 2000, this RESULTS AND DISCUSSION plant is used as green fertilizer by farmer in There are 21 species of 20 genera of because it contains high N, P, and K. Asteraceae family in University of Indonesia Also, it is used as bearing up erosion, treating area. The species are shown in Figure 2. hepatitis, and being fungicides. In addition, it Asteraceae plants are found in almost all is used as ruminant feed supplement especially location in the campus, except in forest city during dry season when there is limition in (Figure 1 and Table 1). These plants were availability of animal feed (Firsoni, 2011). found scattered in places which more exposed Clibadiumsurinamense is a shrub plant to sun light such as in pitch, highway, building to 2 m tall. The stem is round, erect, and green. land, forest borders, and gutter. Location with The leaves are simple, green, elliptic, rounded highest number of Asteraceae species is in area at the base, acute apex, and shallowly serrate. of The Faculty of Mathematics and Natural The inflorescence consists of white marginal Sciences. It is about 16 species. Common and purple pale disk flowers. It is located in species of Asteraceae in University of terminal. According to Adijaya (2008), this Indonesia are Mikania micrantha, plant can reduce erosion. Also, its leaves and Cyanthilliumcinereum, Synedrella nodiflora, young stem which are crushed can cure Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, wounds. andEmilia sonchifolia. Synedrella nodiflora is a herbaceous Most of Mikania micranthaare found plant to 22 cm tall. The stem is round, erect, clambering in big trees and shrubs. These and green. The leaves are hairy, elliptic or plants can cover all parts of host trees. These ovate, nerve pinnate, acute apex, obtuse at the plants also can be found in several locations in base, and serrate. The inflorescence consists of the campus, such as in building land, forest marginal and disk flowers. It is yellow and 242

Ririn, O. & Andi, S.: Species Identification of Asteraceae Family at Universitas Indonesia, Depok located in terminal. According to Bhogaonkar three nerved, opposite, dentate, acute at the (2011), this plant is used to cure arthritis pain. apex, and cuneate at the base. The flower can Juice of leaf can be used to treat earaches and not be founded. According to Arifin et al. headaches after child birth. Leaf’s sap also can (2012), it can be used as compost. It can be used to cure abdominal pain. Decoction of improve the physical, chemical, and biological root used as cough medicine. In addition, it can soil. Decomposition of Chromolaena odorata act as insecticidal and antimicrobial. can increase organic material in soil and Eclipta prostrata is a herbaceous plant Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC). Moreover, with ± 5 cm-20 cm tall. The stem is round, it can provide nutrients such as nitrogen, erect, and brown purplish. The Leaves are phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and oblong ±12,5 x 3,5 cm, nerve pinnate, opposite, magnesium in soil. serrate, and acute at the apex and base. The Mikania micranthais a herbaceous plant. inflorescence is corymbs which is located in The stem habit is creeping and sprawling, head terminal and in the upper leaf axil. It round, and green. The leaves are broad cordate consists of white marginal and disk flowers. or shortly contracted base, acutely acuminate The flower has yellow anther and white pistil. apex, pinnate with three nerved, opposite, and The fruits are achene oblong-turbinate, black, crenate. This plant can be found in place that is few hairs at the top, have needle shape, long ± exposed to full sunlight. According to – 2 mm. According to Tzonev (2007) Eclipta Pacific Forest Invasive Species Network prostrata widely used as a hairs supplement (2007), this plant is used as animal feed, that makes these more health and black, antibacterial, covering rubber plantation, and antiseptic, antiviral, and for asthma and cough treatment for stomach ache and curative medication. disease. Sphagneticola trilobatais a herbaceous Ageratum conyzoidesis a herbaceous plant to 20 cm tall. The stem is erect or plant to 40 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, creeping, round, and green. The leaves are and green. The leaves are ovate, pinnate, elliptic, opposite, serrate, hairy, and acute at serrate, obtuse at the apex, and rounded at the the apex and base. The inflorescence consists base. The inflorescence is corymbs, has many of yellow marginal and disk flowers. It is flowered, white purplish, and located in the located in terminal. The marginal flower is a terminal. According to Sukamto (2007), this female because it has pistil. It has 2-3 dentate. plant is widely used to cure wounds, According to Kade et al. (2010) inflammation, and itching. Babadat on extract Sphagneticolacan be used as medicine for which is mixed with ginger extract effectively diabetes. treat inflammation which is caused by Chromolaena odorata is a shrub plant to Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in the 2,5 m tall. The stem is erect, round, and green. experiment. Moreover, this plant can inhibit The leaves are triangular, hairy, pinnate with growth of Bacillus subtilis, Eschericichia coli, 243

Jurnal Pro-Life Volume 4 Nomor 1, Maret 2017 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The roots are when ripen, with a similar hook-barbed needle useful to treat dysentery, diarrhea, and fever. jagged edges, useful to attach to the shirt and Porophyllum ruderale is a herbaceous pants that help spread the seeds. According to plant to 40 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, Chang et al. (2007), this plant is used to cure and reddish purple. The leaves are pinnate, stomach ache, malaria, liver diseases, and alternate, green, blunt ends, and inverted diabetes. In addition, phytochemicals which is triangle at the base. The inflorescence is brown contained in this plant can act as anti- and located in terminal. According to Gabrielle inflammatory, immunosuppressive, anti- et al. (2011), this plant is used as an aromatic bacterial, and anti-malaria. The herbal, anti-inflammatory, fungicide, anti- phytochemicals also can inhibit prostaglandin bacterial, anti-stress, antidote of snake, and function in the synthesis pathway. arthritis and pain release. Emilia sonchifolia is a herbaceous plant Cyanthilliumcinereum is a herbaceous to 32 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, and plant with14--20cm tall. The stem is erect green. The leaves are cordate, elongate, stems, round, and brown. The leaves are alternate, dentate, green, pinnate, acute at the oblong, pinnate, alternate, serrate, green, and apex, and notched at the base. The acute at the apex and base. The inflorescence inflorescence has purple disk flowers. It is has yellow disk flower and is located in located in the terminal. According to Couto et terminal. The flowers of Cyanthilliumcinereum al. (2011), this plant has advantage as a that are founded at UI have a variety ofcolors medicinal plant. It is traditionally used to treat such as pink, purple and white. According asthma, fever, wounds, and rheumatism by toArifin et al. (2008), this plant can be used to Brazilians. The leaves can be used either raw cure fever, cough, dysentery, hepatitis, or cooked as a vegetable. insomnia, and constipation. In , the plant Sonchusarvensis is a herbaceous plant. is used for uterine tumors treatment. Medicine Height of the plant is 10cm and can reach up to from this plant also makes birth easier because 40cm. The stem is erect, round, and green. The it induces contraction of uterus. This plant leaves are oblong and pinnate. Bottom of the contains alkaloid, saponins, and triterpens leavesare large and attach directlyto the soil compounds. (sessile). Also this leaves have dentate edge, Bidens pilosa is a herbaceous plant to 50 green, roundedat the apex, and acute at the cm tall. The stem is erect, round, and base. The inflorescence consists of yellow combination green and red color. The leaves marginal and disk flower. It is located in the are oblong, pinnate, serrate, green, and acute at terminal. According to Katno (2006), the the apex and base. The inflorescence consists leaves of this plant can dissolve kidney stones. of white marginal and yellow disk flower. It is Also, the young leaves can be served as salads located in the terminal. Achene elongated or cooked like spinaches. The leaves are rich in slender, length 0.5 to 1, 3 cm, blackish brown mineral salt sand vitamin C. There are about 244

Ririn, O. & Andi, S.: Species Identification of Asteraceae Family at Universitas Indonesia, Depok

47 mg of vitamin C and 2% protein (dry According to Ankita and Jain (2012), the weight). The root can be used as a coffee leaves of this plant can be cooked and eaten substitute. like a vegetable. This plant is used to treat Youngiajaponica is a herbaceous plant bronchial catarrh, dysentery and diarrhea, liver to 25 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, and disease, blood pressure, malaria, abdominal green. The leaves are oblong, pinnate, lower pain, headache, wound healing, and prevents leaves gatherina rosette and the other leaves on hair loss. The flowers and leaves can be used petioles. Upper leaves are smaller than lower. as an antiseptic. They have pharmacological They are green, rounded at the apex, obtuseat activitysuch asanti-diabetic, antioxidant, and the base, and wavy leaf margins (repand).The anti-inflammatory. inflorescence has yellow color and islocated in Blumea balsamifera is a herbaceous the terminal. This plant can be used to treat a plant to 20 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, fever, ulcers, and snake bites. Moreover, this and green. The leaves are oblong, pinnate, plant can act as anticancer and antimicrobial alternate, dentate, acuminate at the tip and base, (Ooi et al., 2006). and green. Marginal flower is yellow and Tridax procumbens is a herbaceous phalli shaped. According to Norikura (2008), plant with 15—20 cm tall. The stem is this plant has benefit as medicinal plant to cure creeping on the ground, round, and green. The diarrhea, fever, and irregular menstruation. leaves are elliptice, pinnate, serrate, acute at The leaves are an antioxidant. These are also the tip, sagitate at the base, and green. The used as a tea, a medicine for rheumatic, and peduncle of flower is erect. The inflorescence anti fungal. has yellow disk and white marginal flower.

Figure 1. Locations of Asteraceae plants at University of Indonesia, Depok 245

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Conyza japonica is a herbaceous plant to green. There is no flower. According to 25 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, green, and Manguro (2010), this plant can cure small pox, hairy. The leaves are oblong, pinnate, alternate, sore, skin diseases, toothache, and can stop the dentate, obtuse at the tip, acute at the base, and bleeding which is caused by wound.

Table 1. Locations of Asteraceae plants at University of Indonesia, Depok

Numbers Locations Species of species Behind Student Tithonia diversifolia, Clibadium surinamense, HealthCenter(SHC), near rail 3 Chromolaenaodorata. roads. Clibadium surinamense, Porophyllum ruderale, Bidens pilosa, Boulevard Sphagneticola trilobata, Mikania micrantha, Conyza japonica, 8 Tridax procumbens, Chromolaena odorata. Along Faculty of Engineering’s Chromolaenaodorata, Cyanthilliumcinereum, Emilia 5 road sonchifolia, Synedrella nodiflora, Mikania micrantha. Porophyllum ruderale, Synedrella nodiflora, Cyanthilliumcinereum, Elephantopus scaber, Ageratum Faculty of Mathematics and conyzoides, Eclipta prostrata, Sphagneticola trilobata, 16 Natural Sciences (FMIPA) area Mikania micranta, Emilia sonchifolia, caudatus, Cosmos sulphureus, Sonchus arvensis, Tridax procumbens, Youngia japonica, Blumea balsamifera, Conyzajaponica. Elephantopus scaber, Cyanthilliumcinereum, Emilia Faculty of Pharmacy – Senate sonchifolia, Sonchus arvensis, Synedrella nodiflora, Building – across Senate 8 Sphagneticola trilobata, Mikania micrantha, Tridax Building’s street procumbens.

Roadside along FMIPA UI area Sonchus arvensis, Emilia sonchifolia, Eclipta prostrata, - Hockey field – Kukusan Cyanthilliumcinereum, Synedrella nodiflora, Elephantopus 8 Kelurahan village scaber, Tridax procumbens, Ageratum conyzoides. Faculty of Engineering’s road-- Cyanthilliumcinereum, Emilia sonchifolia, Synedrella 3 Agathis Lake nodiflora. Forest along Faculty of Cyanthilliumcinereum, Emilia sonchifolia, Chromolaena 5 Engineering’s road odorata, Synedrella nodiflora, Mikania micrantha. Tridax procumbens, Eclipta prostata, Road between FMIPA- Cyanthilliumcinereum , Emilia sonchifolia,Elephanthopus 10 Boulevard-FKM-Senggol scaber, Youngia japonica,Conyza japonica, Mikania Pondok Cina Lane micrantha, Synedrella nodiflora, Ageratum conyzoides. Water tower Cosmos sulphureus, Eclipta prostata, Emilia sonchifolia. 3 Youngia japonica, Galinsoga parviflora, Mikania micrantha, Road side along Makara Inn 5 Tridax procumbens, Synedrella nodiflora. Tridax procumbens, cinereum, Emilia Balai Sidang 4 sonchifolia, Youngia japonica. Rotunda - Road side of Tridax procumbens, Emilia sonchifolia, Elephantopus scaber, university head office - Science Synedrella nodiflora, Ageratum conyzoides, Cyanthillium 6 Park cinereum.

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Ririn, O. & Andi, S.: Species Identification of Asteraceae Family at Universitas Indonesia, Depok

Galinsoga parviflora is a herbaceous all part of the plant including leaves, stem, and plant to 15 cm tall. The stem is erect, round, fresh bud of flower can be as salads or added and green. The leaves are oval, three midrib to soups. This plant can also be dried and with pinnate vein, serrate, green, obtuse at the become food flavouring powder. Moreover, tip, cuneate at the base. The inflorescence this plant is mixed with tomato or other consists of white marginal and yellow disk vegetable become a juice. flowers. According to Plants for future (2012),

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Figure 2. Species of Asteraceae around UI Campus 247

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CONCLUSION 16 species on this place. Asteraceae which are There are 21 species of 20 genera in commonly founded are Mikania micrantha, Asteraceae which are scattered around UI Cyanthilliumcinereum, Synedrella nodiflora, campus. The Location with the highest Ageratum conyzoides, Tridax procumbens, numbers of species which belong to Emilia sonchifolia. They generally are founded Asteraceae family is in the Faculty of on the edge of the street. Mathematics and Natural Sciences. There are

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