Vol 10, Issue 9, Sept / 2019 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 REVIEW ON THE THERAPEUTIC STUDY OF DASHAPUSHPAM : TEN SACRED PLANTS OF KERALA STATE IN INDIA Ms SREEDEVY K Dr. PRASEETHA P.K Research Scholar Prof & Head Noorul Islam Center for Higher Studies Dept of Nano Technology Noorul Islam Center for Higher Studies MALAYALAM BOTANICAL SOURCE SANSKRIT NAME PARTS USED NAME Aerva lanata (L.) Juss.ex.Schult. Cheroola Bhadra Whole plant Biophytum sensitivum (L.) DC Mukkutty Viparitha lajjalu Whole plant Cardiospermum halicacabum L. Valliyuzhinja Indravalli Shoot, leaves Curculiogo orchioides Gaertn. Nilappana Musali Tuber Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Karuka Durva Leaves Eclipta alba (L.)Mant Kayyunyam Bringharajan Shoots, leaves Emilia sonchifolia (L.) DC Muyalcheviyan Akhukarni Shoots, leaves Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) Vishnukranthi Hari Krantha Whole plant L.var.alsinoides Ipomea sepiaria Koen. ex Roxb. Thiruthali Lakshmana Whole plant Vernonia cinerea (L.)Less. Puvamkurunnel Sahadevi Whole plant TABLE1: DASAPUSHPAM ABSTRACT ten sacred plants in Kerala and make a way to In pharmaceutical industry the main popularize them. source of life saving drugs are plants. Kerala is famous for its medicinal plant wealth and Keywords: - Dashapushpam, karkkidakakanji, traditional system of therapy, specifically sacred plants, therapeutic potential. Ayurveda. Dashapushpam, a group of ten potential herbs which are culturally and INTRODUCTION medicinally very much important to the people Plants are abundant source of natural of Kerala. Women in Kerala celebrate the compounds, which can be used for different traditional festival thiruvathira by decorating applications for the welfare of human their hair using Dashapushpam, in the population [1] [15]. These phytomolecules are Malayalam month of dhanu [December- compounds synthesized by the primary and January]. It is also used to prepare secondary metabolic pathways in plants [2] [16]. karkkidakakanji in the month of karkkidakam In early days people used to depend on plants [mid July – mid august] to improve immunity in for food, medicine, clothes and shelter [3] [17], the monsoon season. These ten group of plants and now many of the commercial products are mainly used both internally and externally including pharmaceutical and healthcare, food for the treatment of various skin diseases and beverages, textiles, cosmetics and aromas urogenital disease, indigestion and intermittent are obtained from plants [15]. Hence, plants fever etc. some of them are scientifically always play an important role for the wellbeing validated for various bioactivities. The current of life on earth [16]. review will open a new world of exposure in front of the scientific community for exploring In india, kerala is a famous biodiversity spot the therapeutic potential of Dashapushpam the which is situated in the western ghats due to www.jespublication.com Page No:750 Vol 10, Issue 9, Sept / 2019 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 its abundant plant resources. It is famous for and Madhya Pradesh. its medicinal plants wealth and traditional This plant is cultivated throughout India, therapy called Ayurveda. Biodiversity and Ceylon, Arabia, Tropical Africa, Java and traditional knowledge is interlinked as two Philippines. sides of a coin and loss of one leads to loss of the other. Traditional healthcare system has a Chemical properties significant role in the local community Chemical constituents [18] healthcare [1]. Dasapushpam is a combination Plant contains biological active canthin-6-one of ten scared herbs which has both medicinal alkaloids such as 10-hydroxy-canthin-6-one, 10- and cultural importance to the people of methoxy-canthin-6-one, 10-methoxy-canthine- Kerala. Dashapushpam is used by the ladies to 6-one (methyl-ervine), 10-O-β-D-gluco- decorate their hair during the thiruvathira in pyranosyloxy-canthin-6-one, 10 hydroxy- the month of dhanu (dec-jan), it is also used in canthin -6-one(ervine), methyl-aervine (10- the preparation of karkkidaka kakanji in the methoxy canthin-6-one), 10-β-D-gluco- month of karkkidakam (July to august) for pyranosyl-oxycanthin -6-one (ervoside), better health in the monsoon season. These aervine(10-hydroxycanthin-6-one) and plants are also used in folklore medicine for aervoside (10-β-D-gluco pyrano-syloxy-canthin- the treatment of skin diseases, urogenital 6-one). Aerva lanata is a rich source of diseases, vomiting, digestive disorders, fever flavanoids such as quercetin, isorhamnetin, etc. The plants which are called as kaempferol, isorhamnetin 3-O-β-[4-p- Dasapushpam are listed in the following coumaroyl-α-rhamnosyl(1→6) galactoside and table1 [16]. flavanone glucoside persinol, persinosides A and B, 5, 4’-hydroxy-3, 6, 7-trimethoxyflavone, AERVA LANATA (L.) JUSS. EX. SCHULT: 5-hydroxy-3, 6, 7, 4-tetramethoxyflavone, 5- hydroxy 2’, 3,5’, 6, 7-pentamethoxyl flavone, TAXONOMY11 3,3’,5,7-trihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone, 7-O-β- BOTANICAL NAME : Aervalanata D-glucopyranoside and apigenin 7-O-β-D- KINGDOM : Plantae glucoside.2[18]. SUBKINGDOM : Viridaeplantae . INFRAKINGDOM : Strptophyta Pharmacodynamics [19] PHYLUM : Magnoliophyta Rasa: tikta (bitter), kashaya (astringent),Virya: CLASS : Mangnoliopsida SUBCLASS : Caryophyllidae usna (hot), Guna: laghu (light), teekshna SUPERORDER : Caryophyllanae (Penetrating), Vipaka: katu (pungent) ORDER : Caryophyllales Doshakarma: kaphavata shamana (pacifying FAMILY : Amaranthaceae kapha and vata dosha). DIVISION : Tracheophyta SUBDIVISION : Spermatophyta Uses INFRADIVISION : Angiospermae Therapeutic uses [18] GENUS : Aerva The whole plant is diuretic, used in lithiasis [2]. SPECIES : lanata The root is useful in strangury and also used in the treatment of headache. The herb is used for Habit and distribution curing cough in Ceylon; also used as a vermifuge Aerva lanata is a shrub which is erect and for children. The root juice of the herb is given prostrate and very commonly seen in the orally to the patients with liver disorders like fields.[1] The plant has long tap-root, branched liver congestion, jaundice, biliousness and from near the base with white to pale pink dyspepsia. In certain places the decoction of the clusters of flowers 1 to 1.5 inches long . In the whole plant is used to treat prolonged fevers like tropical region of India plant is seen from 6000 pneumonia, typhoid etc.. The medicinal feet altitude. It is also seen in Andhra Pradesh, properties of the plant include antimicrobial, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Gujarat, Rajasthan, antitumor, antidiarrhoeal and antihelminthi www.jespublication.com Page No:751 Vol 10, Issue 9, Sept / 2019 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 activity[3, 4]. Pharmacodynamics [20] Virya: sheeta (cold) , Rasa: tikta (bitter), kashaya (astringent) Guna: laghu (light), ruksha (dry), Vipaka:katu (pungent), Doshakarma: kaphapitta shamana (pacifying kapha and pitta dosha) Uses Therapeutic uses [21] The herb is used for the treatment of chest complaints diabetics cramps, tumors, stomach ache, inflammations, asthma convulsions and insomnia, convulsions, cramps, chest- complaints, inflammations and tumors. Different parts of the plants is used for treating various diseases. Crushed root juice is given for lithiasis and gonorrhea. The diuretic properties observed in leaves. The seed powder FIG 1: AERVA LANATA (L.) JUSS. EX. SCHULT has wound healing activity. The plant decoction is used to treat chronic skin diseases BIOPHYTUM SENSITIVUM (L.) DC: Pharmacological studies TAXONOMY[12] The plant is reported as antioxidant [47], KINGDOM : Plantae antidiabetic [49], anti cancer [51], anti- PHYLUM : Tracheophyta inflammatory [48], anti angiogenic activity, CLASS : Magnoliposida [50], chemo protective [52], radio-protective, ORDER : Oxalidales immuno modulatory, and wound healing [53]. FAMILY : Oxalidaceae GENUS : Biophytum CYNODON DACTYLON (LINN.) PERS.: SPECIES : Sensitivum TAXONOMY Habit and distribution [20] KINGDOM : plantae The plant is mainly seen in the hottest areas of PHYLUM : tracheophyta India as weeds in the waste lands and fields. GENUS : cynodon This herb also be seen in Africa, Asia and CLASS : liliopsida Philippines. This is a ery small plant flowering ORDER : poales annually and has a stout or slender straignt stem FAMILY : poaceae [45]. Each plant produces five to ten small SPECIUS : dactylon flowers with yellow petals [5]. Fruiting and flowering season :In warm climate Chemical properties Habit and distribution [22] Chemical constituents [20] The herb is seen in the southern part of India. It The main constituent isolated from this plant is is a large twining herb with gray bark with soft insulin. The other constituent includes two extremities and the old steams are corky and biflavones amentoflavone, and cupressuflavone; deeply furrowed. three flavonoids, luteolin -7-methyl ether, This herb is known as Durva, belonging to isoorientin and 3-methoxyluteolin 7-O- family Poacea and can grow in poor soil. It is a glucoside and two acids, 4-caffeoylquinic acid creeping grass growing throughout the country. were also isolated from this plant It grows in open areas where there are frequent www.jespublication.com Page No:752 Vol 10, Issue 9, Sept / 2019 ISSN NO: 0377-9254 disturbances such as grazing, flooding, and Pharmacological studies fire. The various common names are Bermuda The over ground parts of Cynodon dactylon grass, Bahama grass, Devil’s grass. In ayurved (Linn.) Pers. evaluated for in vitro antioxidant this herb is used in medicines specially the stem activity by DPPH free radical scavenging parts and the leaves[54,7]. The leaves are activity,