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Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables

Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables

Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of and Vegetables

Victor T. Artero, Frank J. Cruz, and Vincent M. Santos, with Jesse P. Bamba

College of Natural & Applied Sciences University of Guam | Unibetsedåt Guahan Foreword Common name Chamoru name Botanical name Amaryllis Family Amaryllidaceae Garlic Åhos (a hos) his publication was developed to provide information on local Onion, bulb Siboyas Allium cepa Tand scientific names of fruits and vegetables grown on Guam. (se bojas) Be aware, however, notice is given that botanical (scientific) names Onion, green bunching Siboyas Chamoru Allium fistulosum of change periodically as taxonomic work refines (si bo jas Chamoru) groupings. Local names, with their pronunciation in parentheses, are based on the authors’ experience and are not necessarily the Arum Family Araceae official local names. Because Chamoru is principally a spoken Coco yam Sunen ‘Honolulu’ Xanthosoma voilaceum4 language, some of the names and spellings may vary among (White tuber ) (su nin Honolulu) Giant dryland taro Piga’ Alocasia indica1 Chamoru speakers. For example, “Kamba” for cucumber, has (pee ga) evolved as a result of farmers’ common usage. Some local names Giant swamp taro Ba’ba’ Cyrtosperma edule2 vary between Guam and the Commonwealth­ of the Northern (ba ba) Red taro Suni Colocasia esculenfa3 Mariana Islands. (su ni)

Island history reveals that many fruits and vegetables were introduced during the Spanish era. As such, most of the local Banana Family Musaceae Banana, dessert-type Aga’5 Musa spp. and cultivars6 names are similar to Spanish-sounding names. In contrast, the (a ga) more recently introduced species have either English- or Asiatic- Cavendish Group sounding names, or in some instances, the English or Asiatic Giant Cavendish Lakatån Dwarf Cavendish Guåhu names are adopted as local names. Valerie Chikita (Taiwan7) Williams In this publication, names of the fruits and vegetables are Lady Finger Group grouped in their plant families. Both the family names and the banana Manila common plant names under them are listed alphabetically. This Fiji Fiyi publication can also function as a reference guide for those Jamaican red practicing crop rotation by ensuring that the alternate crop is from Other Makåo

a different family. In addition, the numbers in superscript refer to Banana, cooking-type Chotda8 Musa spp. and cultivars6 the notes on page 12. (chot da)

Common varieties Gålayan Long Sabå (also called Palau) Tanduki

2 | Foreword Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables | 3 Common name Chamoru name Botanical name Common name Chamoru name Botanical name

Bixa Family Bixaceae or Rue Family Annatto, Achote Achote Bixa orellana Calamondin Kalamanse’ Citrus mitis (Lipstick plant) (a cho te) (ka Ia man si) Kåhet Må’gas9 Citrus x paradisi (ka hit ma gas) Cactus Family Cactaceae Kusai Lemon-lime Citrus aurantifolia Pitaya/ Dragon Fruit Hylocereus undatus Lemon Lemmon-riåt Citrus limon (le mon re at) Lime (Local) Lemmon Limonia aurantifolia Capers Family Capparidaceae (le mon chee na) Capers (local) Atkapåres Capparis spinosa Limeberry Lemmon di china trifolia Capers (imported) (at ka pa ras) var. mariana (le mon de chee na) Capparis cordifolia) Mexican/Keylime Lemmon ademelong Citrus aurantifolia (le mon a da me long) Kåhet Citrus sinensis Carica or Papaya Family Caricaceae (ka hit) Papaya Papåya Carica papaya Kåhet-Må’gas9 Citrus grandis (pa pa ja) (ka hit ma gas) Sour orange Lalångha Citrus aurantium (Ia lang ha) Family Anacardiaceae Lalanghita Citrus reticulata Cashew Kasoi Anacardium occidentale (Ia Ia nghi ta) (ka soy) Mango Mångga Mangifera indica (mang ga) Coffee Family Rubiaceae Mango, Saipan Månggan Saipan Mangifera odorata Coffee Kafe (mang gan sa i pan) (ka fae) Spanish plum Siniguelas Spondias purpurea Arabian Coffea arabica (si ne gue las) Liberian Coffea liberica Vi apple Vi apple* Spondias cytherea Robusta Coffea canephora * Sometimes mistakenly called lychee

Combretum Family Combretaceae Local almond Talisai Terminalia catappa (ta lee sai)

Custard Apple or Annona Family Annonaceae Custard apple Anonas Annona reticulata (Bullocks-heart) (a no nas) Sweetsop Åtes Annona squamosa (Sugar apple) (a tis) Soursop Laguanå Annona muricata (la gwa na)

4 | Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables | 5 Common name Chamoru name Botanical name Common name Chamoru name Botanical name

Cycad Family Cycadaceae Grass Family Poaceae Federico palm Fadang Cycas cirinalis Corn Mais-Ilotis10 Zea mays (fa dang) (ma is) - (Ilo tis) Rice Få’i Oryza sativa (fa e) Family Zingiberaceae Sugarcane Tupo Saccharum officinarum Chinese ginger (white) Åsngot Zingiber officinale (tu pu) Laurel Family Lauraceae (as ngot) Avocado Alageta Persea americana Tumeric (yellow) Åsngot Curcuma Ionga (a Ia ge ta) (ma ngu)

Lily Family Liliaceae or Cucurbit Family Asparagus Asparagus Asparagus officinalis11 Bittermelon Atmagosu charantia (at ma go su) Bottle gourd Kalabasa Lagenaria siceraria Mahogany Family Meliaceae (ka la ba sa) Santol Santot Sandoricum koetjape Cantaloupe Mellon Båstos Cucumis melo (san tot) (me lon bas tus) Cucumber Kåmba Cucumis sativus (kam ba) Mallow Family Malvaceae Pepinu7 (Gumbo) Okra Abelmoschus esculentus (pi pi no) Honey dew Mellon Finu Cucumis melo Marant Family Marantaceae (me lon fee ) Arrowroot Aroru or sågu Maranta arundinacea12 Melon: Local white and Pipinu Cucumis melo (a ro ro/ sa gu) oriental yellow varieties (pu pi no) Pipinon-pakpak7 (pi pi non - pak pak) Mint Family Lamiaceae Muskmelon Mellon Båstos Cucumis melo var. reticulatus Mint or Spanish mint Yerba buena Mentha arvensis (me lon bas tus) (jet ba bwe na) Pumpkin Kalamasa Cucurbita pepo (ka Ia ma sa) Spanish gourd Chaiote Sechium edule Morning Glory Family Convolvulaceae (Chayote) (chai o te) Swamp cabbage Kangkong Ipomoea aquatica Vegetable Patola (kang kong) (Sponge gourd) (pa to Ia) Sweet potato Kamuti Ipomoea batatas Watermelon Chandiya Citrullus lanatus (ka mu ti) (chan di yo) Waxgourd Kondot Benincasa hispida Mulberry Family (kon dot) Lemmai altilis (le mai) Breadfruit Dokdok Artocarpus mariannensis (dog dog) Jak-fruit or Jackfruit Långka’ Artocarpus heterophyllus (Lang ka)

6 | Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables | 7 Common name Chamoru name Botanical name Common name Chamoru name Botanical name

Mustard or Crucifer Family Brassicaceae Palm Family Arecaceae Broccoli Broccoli Brassica oleracea Betel- Pugua’ Areca catechu Brussels sprouts Brussuels sprouts (pu gwa) Cauliflower Cauliflower Red flesh nut Ugam Chinese cabbage Napa Brassica rapa (u gam) (na pa) White flesh nut Chångga Pak-Choy Petsai (chang nga) Petsai Petsai Chinese betel-nut Pugua’ china Veitchia merrillii Won-Bok (pu gwa chee na) Head cabbage Cabbage Brassica oleracea Coconut Niyok Cocos nucifera Rapollo7 (nee jog) ( po ju) Radish Radis Raphanus sativus (ra dis) Pandanas/Screw Pine Family Pandanaceae Spreading plant/large Påhong Pandanus dubius fruits Myrtle Family (Broad thorny (pa hong) Guava Åbas Psidium guajava leaves-nuts edible) (a bas) Tall plant/small fruits Kaffo’ Pandanus fragrans Java plum or Jambolan Limboi cumini (Thin thorny leaves-nuts (ka fu) (lim boy) generally not eaten) Malay apple Makupa Syzygium malaccense Textile pandan Åkgak A variety of P. fragrans (Mountain apple) (ma ku pa) Spreading plant/ (ag gag) Wax jambu Makupa no fruits (Leaves used for weaving) Small plant/small fruits Fayåo A variety of P. fragrans Nightshade Family Solanaceae (Leaves used as spice) (fa jao) Eggplant Birenghenas Solanum melongena (be re nghe nas) Pepper, cayenne chili Donne’ Pika Capsicum annuum Parsley Family Apiaceae (do ni pee ka) Carrot Yanahoria Dacus carota Pepper, sweet or bell Donne’ Mames Capsicum annuum (ya na ho ria) (do ni ma mis) Pepper, wild chili Donne’ Sali Capsicum frutescens (do ni sa lee) Pasionaria/Granadilla Family Passifloraceae Potato Batåtas Solanum tuberosum Passion fruit Passion fruit Passiflora edulis (ba ta tas) Tomato Tumåtes Solanum lycopersicum (to ma tis) Pepper Family Piperaceae Betel pepper Pupulu Piper betle (Betel-leaf) (pu pu lu) Olax Family Olacaeae Black pepper Primenta Piper nigrum Sour cherry Pi’ot Ximenia americana (pree men ta) (pee ut)

8 | Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables | 9 Common name Chamoru name Botanical name Common name Chamoru name Botanical name

Pineapple or Bromeliad Family Bromeliaceae Spurge Family Euphorbiaceae Pineapple Piña Ananas comosus Cassava Mendioka Manihot esculenta13 (pee na) (men di o ka) Tahitian gooseberry lba Phyllanthus acidus (i ba) Pomegranate Family Punicaceae Pomegranate Granåda Punica granatum (gra na da) Tacca Family Taccaceae Arrowroot Gåpgap Tacca leontopetaloides14 (gab gab) Protea Family Proteaceae Macadamia Macadamia Macadamia integrifolia Tilia Family Tiliaceae Panama cherry Mansanita Muntingia calabura Pulse or Pea Family Fabaceae (man sa nee fa) Cuamenchitl Kamachili Pithecellobium dulce (ka ma chee lee) Mungbean Monggos Phaseolus radiata Family Vitaceae (mong gus) Grape Ubas Vitis rotundifolia Peanut Kakaguatis Arachis hypogaea (u bas) (ka ka gwa tis) Pole bean Abuchuelas Phaseolus vulgaris (a bu chwe las) Wood-Sorrel Family Oxalidaceae Tamarind Kalamendo’ Tamarindus indica Pickle Pikols Averrhoa bilimbi (ka Ia men do) (pee kuls) Yam bean Hikamas Pachyrrhizus erosus Starfruit (Carambola) Bilembines Averrhoa carambola (hi ka mas) (be lem be nis) Yardlong bean Friholes Vigna unguiculata subsp. (fri ho lis) sesquipedalis Wingbean Sigidiyas Psophocarpus Yam Family Dioscoreaceae (si gi di jas) tetragonolobus Yam15 (round stem) Dågon å’paka’ Dioscorea routundeta Globular tubers with (da gon a pa ka) white crumbly flesh Spinda Family Sapidaceae Yam15 (winged stem) Dioscorea alata Longan Longan Euphoria longana Purplish flesh and skin Dågon agaga’ Rambutan Rambutan Nephelium lappaceum with globular tubers (da gon a ga ga) Purplish flesh and skin Dågon lulok with long tubers (da gon lu luk) Sapota Family Sapotaceae White flesh and firm Dågon håya Chicle Chiku Manilkara zapota branched like tubers (da gon ha ja) (chee ku) Yam, spiny Gaddo’ Dioscorea esculenta Thorny and roots (ga du) var. spinosa Yam, wild Nika Dioscorea esculenta Thorny vines (ni ka) var. fasciculata

10 | Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables Common, Chamoru, and Scientific Names of Fruits and Vegetables | 11 Notes Published by the College of Natural & Applied Sciences (CNAS), University of Guam, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, under Dr. Lee S. Yudin, Director/Dean. University of Guam, CNAS, UOG Station, Mangilao, 1 Alocasia is primarily known as an ornamental species and includes the popular Guam 96923. Copyright 2015. For reproduction and use permission, contact giant Elephant Ear. In the South Pacific, however, the parent or tubers of the [email protected], (671) 735-2000. The University of Guam is edible varieties of Alocasia are important and economically significant. an equal opportunity/affirmative action institution providing programs and services to the people of Guam without regard to race, sex, gender identity 2 Cyrtosperma is an economically important species in Micronesia. It is principally and expression, age, religion, color, national origin, ancestry, disability, marital a wetland taro grown for consumption of the corm. status, arrest and court record, sexual orientation, or status as a covered veteran. 3 Colocasia includes dryland and wetland varieties. The corm of Colocasia is the Find CNAS publications at CNAS-RE.uog.edu. principal product of its cultivation, but the leaves of most species are edible when cooked. Special thanks to the CNAS Media Office for layout and design. 4 In Guam, Xanthosoma is cultivated primarily for its side shoots or “sucker corms” rather than for the parent corm. Some new introductions are also First printing August 1993. grown for their leaves and petioles and prepared as a type of spinach. Revised layout by Kyle Santos and Emily Shipp, April & August, 2015. 5 The term “aga” means “ripe banana fruit.” It is also used to distinguish dessert varieties from cooking varieties. Thanks to Ronald T. Laguña and Joe Tuquero for additions to the 2015 version. 6 The origin of most dessert varieties is the species Musa balbisiana and the origin of most cooking varieties is the species Musa acuminata. As a result of mutations and cross breeding between these two principal edible species, however, several varietal groups and subgroups of dessert and cooking bananas have emerged. Thus, not all dessert varieties are of the species balbisiana and not all the cooking varieties are of the species acuminata. In addition, there are numerous ornamental plants in the Musaceae. 7 Local name used primarily in the Northern Marianas. 8 The term “chotda” could mean either “banana plant” or “unripe banana fruit.” It is also used to distinguish cooking varieties from dessert varieties. Cooking varieties are generally harvested and prepared when not fully ripe, thus, the term “chotda.” However, cooking varieties may be prepared when fully ripe as well. 9 The term “kahet magas” is often used for both large fruited citrus, (i.e., the pomelo and grapefruit, Citrus x paradisi). No other local term is known to distinguish between Pomelo and Grapefruit. 10 The term “helotis” implies corn with young and soft kernels, sweet corn, or “corn-on-the-cob.” The term “mais” is used for mature, hard kernels, and generally to differentiate field corn from sweet corn. 11 The ornamental “leaf” asparagus grown locally is A. plumosus. 12 The root of the aroru can be milled into a fine starch. 13 Cassava root milled into flour is called tapioca. 14 Tubers of the gabgab are edible if processed into a fine starch. 15 The local name “” can be used to refer to all round- and winged-stem yams.

12 13 College of Natural & Applied Sciences University of Guam | Unibetsedåt Guahan

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