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Sejarah Pergerakan Nasional MODUL GURU PEMBELAJAR Mata Pelajaran Sejarah Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA)/ Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Kelompok Kompetensi E : Profesional : Problematika Materi Sejarah Lanjut Pedagogik : Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran Sejarah PENYUSUN Yudi Setianto, M.Pd. Syachrial Ariffiantono, M.Pd. Didik Budi Handoko,S.Pd. Rif’atul Fikriya, S.Pd., S.Hum. Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidian Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Tahun 2016 Penulis: Yudi Setianto, M.Pd., PPPPTK PKn dan IPS, 081336091997, 1. [email protected] Syachrial Ariffiantono, M.Pd., PPPPPTK PKn dan IPS, 081334222929, 2. [email protected] Didik Budi Handoko, S.Pd., PPPPTK PKn dan IPS, 08113778815, 3. [email protected] Rif’atul Fikriya, S.Pd., S.Hum, 08564653357,PPPPTK PKn dan IPS 4. [email protected] Penelaah: 1. Drs. Kasimanuddin Ismain, M.Pd, Universitas Negeri Malang, 081334063349, [email protected] 2. Endang Setyoningsih, S.Pd., SMAN 10 Malang, 081334469744 3. Deny Yudo Wahyudi, M.Hum, Universitas Negeri Malang, 081944858400, [email protected] 4. Budi Santoso, S.Pd., 081334732990, SMP Negeri 02 Batu [email protected] Copyright © 2016 Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Bidang PKn dan IPS Hak Cipta Dilindungi Undang-Undang Dilarang mengkopi sebagian maupun keseluruhan isi buku ini untuk kepentingan komersial tanpa ijin dari Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan KATA SAMBUTAN Peran guru profesional dalam proses pembelajaran sangat penting sebagai kunci keberhasilan belajar siswa. Guru profesional adalah guru yang kompeten membangun proses pembelajaran yang baik sehingga dapat menghasilkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Hal tersebut menjadikan guru sebagai komponen yang menjadi fokus perhatian pemerintah pusat maupun pemerintah daerah dalam peningkatan mutu pendidikan terutama menyangkut kompetensi guru. Pengembangan profesionalitas guru melalui program Guru Pembelajar (GP) merupakan upaya peningkatan kompetensi untuk semua guru. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, pemetaan kompetensi guru telah dilakukan melalui uji kompetensi guru (UKG) untuk kompetensi pedagogik danprofesional pada akhir tahun 2015. Hasil UKG menunjukkan peta kekuatan dan kelemahan kompetensi guru dalam penguasaan pengetahuan. Peta kompetensi guru tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi 10 (sepuluh) kelompok kompetensi. Tindak lanjut pelaksanaan UKG diwujudkan dalam bentuk pelatihan guru pasca UKG melalui program Guru Pembelajar. Tujuannya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi guru sebagai agen perubahan dan sumber belajar utama bagi peserta didik. Program Guru Pembelajar dilaksanakan melalui pola tatap muka, daring (online), dan campuran (blended) tatap muka dengan online. Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaa Kependidikan (PPPPTK), Lembaga Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Kelautan Perikanan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (LP3TK KPTK), dan Lembaga Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Kepala Sekolah (LP2KS) merupakan Unit Pelaksana Teknis di lingkungan Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan yang bertanggungjawab dalam mengembangkan perangkat dan melaksanakan peningkatan kompetensi guru sesuai bidangnya. Adapun perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan tersebut adalah modul untuk program Guru Pembelajar (GP) tatap muka dan GP online untuk semua mata pelajaran dan kelompok kompetensi. Dengan modul ini diharapkan program GP memberikan sumbangan yang sangat besar dalam peningkatan kualitas kompetensi guru. Mari kita sukseskan program GP ini untuk mewujudkan Guru Mulia Karena Karya. Jakarta, Februari 2016 Direktur Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan, Sumarna Surapranata, Ph.D, NIP.19590801 198503 1002 i KATA PENGANTAR Salah satu komponen yang menjadi fokus perhatian dalam peningkatan kualitas pendidikan adalah peningkatan kompetensi guru. Hal ini menjadi prioritas baik oleh pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, maupun kewajiban bagi Guru. Sejalan dengan hal tersebut, peran guru yang profesional dalam proses pembelajaran di kelas menjadi sangat penting sebagai penentu kunci keberhasilan belajar siswa. Disisi lain, Guru diharapkan mampu untuk membangun proses pembelajaran yang baik sehingga dapat menghasilkan pendidikan yang berkualitas. Sejalan dengan Program Guru Pembelajar, pemetaan kompetensi baik Kompetensi Pedagogik maupun Kompetensi Profesional sangat dibutuhkan bagi Guru. Informasi tentang peta kompetensi tersebut diwujudkan, salah satunya dalam Modul Pelatihan Guru Pembelajar dari berbagai mata pelajaran. Pusat Pengembangan dan Pemberdayaan Pendidik dan Tenaga Kependidikan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial (PPPPTK PKn dan IPS) merupakan salah satu Unit Pelaksana Teknis di lingkungan Direktorat Jenderal Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan, mendapat tugas untuk menyusun Modul Pelatihan Guru Pembelajar, khususnya modul untuk mata pelajaran PPKn SMP, IPS SMP, PPKn SMA/SMK, Sejarah SMA/SMK, Geografi SMA, Ekonomi SMA, Sosiologi SMA, dan Antropologi SMA. Masing- masing modul Mata Pelajaran disusun dalam Kelompok Kompetensi A sampai dengan J. Dengan selesainya penyusunan modul ini, diharapkan semua kegiatan pendidikan dan pelatihan bagi Guru Pembelajar baik yang dilaksanakan dengan moda Tatap Muka, Daring (Dalam Jaringan) Murni maupun Daring Kombinasi bisa mengacu dari modul- modul yang telah disusun ini. Semoga modul ini bisa dipergunakan sebagai acuan dan pengembangan proses pembelajaran, khususnya untuk mata pelajaran PPKn dan IPS. ii DAFTAR ISI Kata Sambutan i Kata Pengantar ii Daftar Isi iii Daftar Gambar v Daftar Tabel vi Pendahuluan 1 A. Latar Belakang 1 B. Tujuan 2 C. Peta Kompetensi 3 D. Ruang Lingkup 4 E. Saran Penggunaan Modul 4 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 1 6 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran 6 B. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi 6 C. Uraian Materi 6 D. Aktivitas Pembelajaran 17 E. Latihan / Kasus / Tugas 18 F. Rangkuman 19 G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut 20 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 2 21 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran 21 B. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi 21 C. Uraian Materi 21 D. Aktivitas Pembelajaran 45 E. Latihan / Kasus / Tugas 45 F. Rangkuman 47 G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut 48 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 3 49 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran 49 B. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi 49 C. Uraian Materi 49 D. Aktivitas Pembelajaran 76 E. Latihan / Kasus / Tugas 77 F. Rangkuman 77 G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut 78 Kompetensi Pedagogik, Pelaksaaan Pembelajaran Sejarah 79 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 4 80 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran 80 B. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi 80 C. Uraian Materi 80 D. Aktivitas Pembelajaran 93 iii E. Latihan / Kasus / Tugas 94 F. Rangkuman 97 G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut 98 Kegiatan Pembelajaran 5 99 A. Tujuan Pembelajaran 99 B. Indikator Pencapaian Kompetensi 99 C. Uraian Materi 99 D. Aktivitas Pembelajaran 115 E. Latihan / Kasus / Tugas 116 F. Rangkuman 122 G. Umpan Balik dan Tindak Lanjut 122 Daftar Pustaka 124 iv DAFTAR GAMBAR 1.1 Tulang rahang Bawah Meganthropus Paleojavanicus 11 1.2 Fosil Tengkorak dan Tulang paha Pithecanthropus Erectus 11 1.3 Tempat Temuan Manusia Purba 14 1.4 Tempat Temuan Alat Masa Berburu dan Mengumpulkan Makanan Tingkat Sederhana 15 1.5 Tempat Temuan Alat Masa Berburu dan Mengumpulkan Makanan Tingkat Lanjut 15 1.6 Tempat Temuan Alat Bercocok Tanam dan Benda-benda Megalithik 16 1.7 Tempat Temuan Kapak Persegi dan Kapak Lonjong 16 1.8 Peta Persebaran Kapak Persegi dan Kapak Lonjong Jaman Megalithik dan Kebudayaan Perunggu di Nusantara 17 2.1 Candi Jago 26 2.2 Candi Borobudur 27 2.3 Relief Candi Borobudur 27 v DAFTAR TABEL 4.1 Format RPP berdasarkan Permendikbud No.104 Tahun 2014 90 5.1 Lembar Penilaian Kegiatan Diskusi 100 5.2 Format Penilaian Diri Setelah Peserta Didik Tuntas 1 KD 102 5.3 Format Penilaian Diri Setelah Peserta Didik Melaksanakan 1 Tugas 103 5.4 Rekapitulasi Penilaian Diri Peserta Didik 104 5.5 Format Penilaian Diri Antar Peserta Didik 105 5.6 Format Penilaian Jurnal 1 107 5.7 Format Penilaian Jurnal 2 107 5.8 Tekhnik dan Bentuk Instrumen Penilaian 108 5.9 Format Observasi Diskusi dan Tanya Jawab 109 5.10 Instrumen Penilaian Tugas Dalam 1 KD 110 5.11 Tekhnik dan Bentuk Instrumen Penilaian Kinerja 111 5.12 Format penilaian Proyek 113 5.13 Format Penilaian Produk 124 vi PENDAHULUAN A. Latar Belakang Pendidik adalah tenaga kependidikan yang berkualifikasi sebagai guru, dosen, konselor, pamong belajar, widyaiswara, tutor, instruktur, fasilitator, dan sebutan lain yang sesuai dengan kekhususannya, serta berpartisipasi dalam menyelenggarakan pendidikan. Guru dan tenaga kependidikan wajib melaksanakan kegiatan pengembangan keprofesian secara berkelanjutan agar dapat melaksanakan tugas profesionalnya. Program Pengembangan Keprofesian Berkelanjutan (PKB) adalah pengembangan kompetensi Guru dan Tenaga Kependidikan yang dilaksanakan sesuai kebutuhan, bertahap, dan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan profesionalitasnya. Pengembangan keprofesian berkelanjutan sebagai salah satu strategi pembinaan guru dan tenaga kependidikan diharapkan dapat menjamin guru dan tenaga kependidikan mampu secara terus menerus memelihara, meningkatkan, dan mengembangkan kompetensi sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan. Pelaksanaan kegiatan PKB akan mengurangi kesenjangan antara kompetensi yang dimiliki guru dan tenaga kependidikan dengan tuntutan profesional yang dipersyaratkan. Guru dan tenaga kependidikan wajib melaksanakan PKB baik secara mandiri maupun kelompok. Khusus untuk PKB dalam bentuk diklat dilakukan oleh lembaga pelatihan sesuai dengan jenis kegiatan dan kebutuhan guru. Penyelenggaraan diklat PKB dilaksanakan oleh PPPPTK dan LPPPTK KPTK atau penyedia layanan diklat
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