Pony Express National Historic Trail Ausgewiesen Und in Das National Trails System Aufgenommen

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Pony Express National Historic Trail Ausgewiesen Und in Das National Trails System Aufgenommen Pony---Express-Express Pony-Express-Denkmal in St. Joseph, Missouri Der Pony-Express war ein als Reiterstafette organisierter Postbeförderungsdienst in den Vereinigten Staaten. Er war für rund ein Jahr die schnellste Postverbindung in Nordamerika. Sie nahm nach der Initiative von William Hepburn Russell am 3. April 1860 den Betrieb auf. Ihr Verlauf wurde 1992 als Pony Express National Historic Trail ausgewiesen und in das National Trails System aufgenommen. Betrieb Hauptquartier des Pony-Express' im Patee House in St. Joseph, Missouri Die Route verlief von Saint Joseph (Missouri) nach Sacramento über eine Distanz von 3.200 km. Ungefähr alle 15 bis 20 km stand eine Zwischenstation. Die Postboten waren zu Pferd unterwegs. Die Arbeit war nicht ungefährlich, so wurden vornehmlich junge, ungebundene Männer angestellt, die nicht älter als 18 Jahre und nicht schwerer als 60 kg waren. Sie waren oftmals Waisen. Sie durften keine Waffen tragen. Einer der bekanntesten war Buffalo Bill. Der Pony-Express war wegen seines Stafettensystems sehr schnell. Jeder Kurier wurde nach maximal 300 km ausgewechselt. Er führte etwa 10 kg Eilpost mit sich, die er in lediglich zwei Minuten dem nächsten Reiter übergeben musste. Im Schnitt übernahm nach 80 km ein neuer Junge die Post. Für die gesamte Strecke benötigten sie etwa 75 Ponys und 40 Reiter. Nach zehn Tagen waren sie am Ziel. Der Pony-Express umfasste 153 Zwischenstationen, 80 Kuriere, 500 Pferde sowie 200 Pferdepfleger. Der größte Teil ihres Ritts ging durch feindliches Indianerterritorium. Immer wieder musste der Betrieb aufgrund von Angriffen feindlicher Indianer eingestellt werden. Auß erdem stießen Pferde und Reiter schnell an ihre Leistungsgrenzen. Am 22. Oktober 1861 , also nach nur etwas mehr als einem Jahr, wurde ihr Dienst von der transkontinentalen Telegrafenleitung übernommen. Der Pony-Ex press war ein finanzielles Desaster, hatte jedoch bei der Bevölkerung großes Ansehen genossen. Streckenf ueueue hrung Pony Express Streckenkarte des National Park Service Die sich über etwa 3.100 km erstreckende Route folgte dem Oregon Trail und dem California Trail bis Fort Bridger in Wyoming sowie weiter dem Mormon Trail bis Salt Lake City , Utah. Von hier folgte sie etwa der Central Nevada Route bis nach Carson City, Nevada , um von dort die Sierra Nevada nach Sacramento in Kalifornien zu überqueren. Rechnet man die Beförderung bis San Francisco ein, die zu Pferde oder per Schiff erfolgte, ergibt sich eine Gesamtlänge von etwa 3200 km. Pony-Express-Route durch Utah Die Route begann in Saint Joseph (Missouri) und folgte der heutigen Route 36 (dem „Pony Express Highway“) bis Marysville in Kansas , um von dort in nordwestlicher Richtung dem Little Blue River bis Fort Kearny in Nebraska zu folgen. Von hier folgte sie der Great Platte River Road durch Gothenburg (Nebraska), Courthouse Rock, Chimney Rock und Scotts Bluff bis sie in Julesburg Colorado erreichte, von wo sie weiter nach Fort Laramie und Register Cliff in Wyoming verlief. Von hier folgte sie dem Sweetwater River entlang nach Independence Rock, Devil's Gate (Wyoming) und Split Rock bis nach Fort Caspar , über den South Pass nach Fort Bridger und weiter nach Salt Lake City. Von Salt Lake City folgte sie exakt der Central Nevada Route, wie sie 1859 von Captain James H. Simpson vom Corps of Topographical Engineers kartographiert worden war. Diese Strecke entspricht etwa dem heutigen US Highway 50 durch Nevada und Utah. Sie überquert das Große Becken , die Utah- Nevada-Wüste und die Sier ra Nevada bei Lake Tahoe , bevor sie Sacramento erreicht. Von hier wurde die Post mit dem Dampfschiff über den Sacramento River nach San Francisco weitergeschickt. Falls gerade kein Dampfschiff zur Verfügung stand, brachten die Reiter die Post noch zu Pferde weiter nach Oakland, Kalifornien. Statistik Erster Ritt: 3. April 1860 - 14. April 1860 • Jüngste Reiter: David Lay und WM F. Cody jeweils 14 Jahre alt • Schnellster Transfer: 7 Tage, 17 Stunden mit Abraham Lincolns Antrittsrede • Längste Ritte: "Pony Bob" Haslam mit 380 Meilen und WM F. Cody mit 384 Meilen • Gesamtstatistik: 120 Reiter, 650.000 zurückgelegte Meilen, 1 Reiter wurde von Indianern getötet, eine Sendung ist nicht vollständig angekommen, eine ist verloren gegangen. Rezeption Frank E. Webner, Pony-Express-Reiter, etwa 1861 Signed: ranger (mildi) Quelle: Wikipedia .
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