INTRODUCTION TO VEDIC – LENT TERM 2014 (MJCS)

Vedic Bibliography

General Introductions:

FORTSON, Benjamin W. (IV). 2010. “Indo-Iranian I: Indic” in Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction (Second Edition), 202-226. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. (Cf. also “Indo-Iranian II: Iranian” pp.227-247) JAMISON, Stephanie W. 2004. “”. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, ed. by R.D. WOODARD, 673-716. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. LAZZERONI, Romano. 1998. “Sanskrit”. The Indo-European Languages, ed. by A.G. RAMAT & P. RAMAT, 98-124. London & New York: Routledge.

Dictionaries:

*BÖHTLINGK, Otto & Rudolph ROTH. 1855-1875. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch (7 Vols.). St. Petersburg: Buchdr. der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften. (Known as the Petersburger Wörterbuch, and stands as the fundamental basis for all modern Sanskrit dictionaries. Online version searchable on the Universität zu Köln website: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/PWGScan/disp2/index.php) *GRAßMANN, Hermann. 1873-1875. Wörterbuch zum Rig-Veda. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus. (Exhaustive. Unaltered reprints since the 3rd ed. (1955) by Harrassowitz Verlag in th Wiesbaden. The 6 edition of 1996 has been revised by Maria KOZIANKA, taking into account our improved understanding of the Vedic text, however the text of the dictionary has not been re-set.) LUBOTSKY, Alexander. 1997. A R̥gvedic Word Concordance. New Haven: American Oriental Society. (A new computer-prepared concordance based on NOOTEN and HOLLAND’s new metrically restored text.) MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1924. A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary: With Transliteration, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout. London: Oxford University Press. (A good hand-dictionary, but largely obsolete because of the online Cologne dictionaries.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1956-1980. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. *MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1992-2001. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (3 vols.). Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. (The standard etymological dictionary of Sanskrit. On occasion it refers back to the Kurzgefaßtes for in-depth discussion however, which is sometimes quite annoying.) *MONIER-WILLIAMS, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary - Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (The print dictionary is organized by lexical roots; there is also a useful digitized online version searchable by headword on the Universität zu Köln website: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/) *WHITNEY, William Dwight. 1885. The Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language: A Supplement to His Sanskrit Grammar. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel. (Handy for quick reference for forms derived to a particular verbal root. Cf. also WERBA 1997 under Morphology below.)

NB: Sanskrit dictionaries follow the Indological alphabetical order, i.e. that of Devanāgarī: a ā i ī u ū r̥ r̥ ̄ l̥ k kh g gh n̄ c ch j jh ñ ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v ś ṣ s h. Dictionaries normally cite lexical roots in zero- grade as per the native lexicographical tradition, however some modern etymological dictionaries follow the

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Indo-Europeanist practice of citing roots in the full-grade of the root (i.e. at guṇa strength), e.g. √r̥ -¹ ‘go’ would be found under √ar-¹.

Grammars:

COULSON, Michael. 1976. Teach Yourself Sanskrit. Kent: Hodder & Stoughton. (Surprisingly good, as far as Teach Yourself Books go. An excellent introduction to the Classical language based principally on Classical Sanskrit drama. Many reprints.) *GOLDMAN, Robert P. & Sally J. SUTHERLAND GOLDMAN. 1999. Devavāṇīpraveśikā: An Introduction to the Sanskrit Language (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Lit. “Introduction to the Language of the Gods”. This book has arguably superseded COULSON (1976) as the best introduction to Classical Sanskrit available in English. It does however necessitate the learning of the Devanāgarī script from the very beginning, and its presentation of Sanskrit grammar with reference to the Indian grammatical tradition can at times obscure descriptions of finer points of grammar to the student from being entirely diglossic.) JACKSON, A. V. Williams. 1892. An Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit - Part 1: Phonology, Inflection, Word-formation, with an Introduction on the Avesta. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag. (Useful for Indo-Iranian comparison.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1972. A Sanskrit Grammar. Translated from the German with revisions and introd. by Gordon B. Ford. Huntsville: University of Alabama Press. (Handy, but the German version is better.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1978. Sanskrit-Grammatik mit sprachvergleichenden Erläuterungen. : Walter de Gruyter. (A good pocket-grammar of Sanskrit.) *MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1910. Vedic Grammar. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner Verlag. (The best English reference for Vedic grammar, but a little tricky to use – you won’t find a single paradigm here.) *MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1916. A Vedic Grammar for Students. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (The student-abridged form of the preceding. Essential for reading; has a nice appendix of roots of verbs found in Vedic.) MORGENROTH, Wolfgang. 1973. Lehrbuch des Sanskrit. Leipzig: Veb Verlag Enzyklopädie. (Contains a useful appendix of the principal differences between Classical Sanskrit and Vedic.) OBERLIES, Thomas. 2003. A Grammar of Epic Sanskrit. Berlin: De Gruyter. STENZLER, Adolf Friedrich, Karl Friedrich Geldner & Richard Pischel. 2003. Elementarbuch der Sanskrit-Sprache (19., durchgesehene und verbesserte Auflage). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (Handy for Vedic and Classical Sanskrit.) *WACKERNAGEL, Jacob & Albert DEBRUNNER. 1896–1957. Altindische Grammatik (3 Vols.). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. (Simply the most exhaustive treatment of Sanskrit grammar anywhere in print. I. Lautlehre. -- II.1. Einleitung zur Wortlehre. Nominalkomposition. -- II.2. Die Nominalsuffixe, von A. Debrunner. -- III. Nominalflexion, Zahlwort, Pronomen, von A. Debrunner und J. Wackernagel. -- Register zur Altindische Grammatik, von J. Wackernagel und A. Debrunner.) *WHITNEY, William Dwight. 1889. Sanskrit Grammar: Including both the Classical Language and the older Dialects, of Veda and Brahmana (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (The classic single volume English language reference grammar for Classical Sanskrit. Equivalent to SMYTH-MESSING for Greek.) ZIEGLER, Sabine. 2012. Klassisches Sanskrit [Kurzgrammatiken indogermanischer Sprachen und Sprachstufen 1]. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. (A new Indo-Europeanist oriented

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outline of Classical Sanskrit grammar. Handy for updated linguistic perspectives and references, considering most of the other reference grammars are over a century old.)

Phonology (A Selection):

ALLEN, William Sidney. 1953. Phonetics in Ancient India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ALLEN, William Sidney. 1962. Sandhi: The Theoretical, Phonetic, and Historical Bases of Word-junction in Sanskrit. The Hague: Mouton. GIPPERT, Jost. 1997. “Laryngeals and Vedic Metre”. Sound Law and Analogy: Papers in honor of Robert S.P. Beekes on the occasion of his 60th birthday, ed. by A. LUBOTSKY, 63-80. Amsterdam: Rodopi. KLEIN, Jared S. 1992. On Verbal Accentuation in the . New Haven: American Oriental Society. LIPP, Reiner. 2009. Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen. Band I: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni. Band II: Thorn-Problem, indoiranische Laryngalvokalisation. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. LUBOTSKY, Alexander. 1988. The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto- Indo-European. Leiden: E.J. Brill. SCHINDLER, Jochem. 1967. “Das idg. Word für „Erde‟ und die dentalen Spiranten” Die Sprache 13.191-205. SCHINDLER, Jochem. 1977. “A Thorny Problem” Die Sprache 23.25-35. SIHLER, Andrew. 1969. “Sievers-Edgerton Phenomena and Rigvedic Meter” Language 45:248-73. SIHLER, Andrew. 2006. Edgerton's Law: The Phantom Evidence. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag.

Morphology (including word-formation and derivation):

*DAHL, Eystein. 2010. Time, Tense and Aspect in Early Vedic Grammar: Exploring Inflectional Semantics in the Rigveda. Leiden: Brill. GOTŌ, Toshifumi. 1987. Die „I. Präsensklasse“ im Vedischen: Untersuchung der vollstufigen thematischen Wurzelpräsentia. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. KEYDANA, Götz. 2013. Infinitive im R̥gveda: Formen, Funktion, Diachronie. Leiden: Brill. HEENEN, François. 2006. Le désidératif en védique. Amsterdam: Rodopi. HILL, Eugen. 2007. Die Aorist-Präsentien des Indoiranischen: Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Semantik einer Präsensklasse. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. *HOFFMANN, Karl. 1967. Der Injunktiv im Veda. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag. JAMISON, Stephanie W. 1983. Function and Form in the -áya-Formations of the Rig-Veda and Atharva-Veda. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. JOACHIM, Ulrike. 1978. Mehrfachpräsentien im R̥gveda. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag. KULIKOV, Leonid. 2012. The Vedic -ya-presents: Passives and intransitivity in Old Indo- Aryan. Amsterdam: Rodopi. KÜMMEL, Martin. 1996. Stativ und Passivaorist im Indoiranischen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. KÜMMEL, Martin Joachim. 2000. Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. MELAZZO, Roberta. 2010. I Bahuvrīhi del R̥g Veda. Innsbruck: Innsbrucker Beiträge zur Sprachwissenschaft.

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*NARTEN, Johanna. 1964. Die sigmatischen Aoriste im Veda. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz. *NARTEN, Johanna. 1968. “Die altindische Verb in der Sprachwissenschaft” Die Sprache 14.113-34. RUBIO ORECILLA, Francisco Javier. 1995. El sufijo de derivación nominal *-ii̯o-/*-i̯o - en los gerundios y gerundivos del Rg-Veda y el Avesta. Zaragoza: Institución Fernando el Católico. SCARLATA, Salvatore. 1999. Die Wurzelkomposita im R̥g-Veda. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. SCHAEFER, Christiane. 1994. Das Intensivum im Vedischen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. TICHY, Eva. 1995. Die Nomina agentis auf -tar- im Vedischen. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Carl Winter. TICHY, Eva. 2006. Der Konjunktiv und seine Nachbarkategorien. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. TIKKANEN, Bertil. 1987. The Sanskrit Gerund: A Synchronic, Diachronic and Typological Analysis. Helsinki: The Finnish Oriental Society. WERBA, Chlodwig H. 1997. Verba Indoarica: Die primären und sekundären Wurzeln der Sanskrit Sprache. Pars I: Radices Primariae. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften.

Syntax:

DELBRÜCK, Berthold. 1874. Das Altindische Verbum aus den Hymnen des R̥igveda. Seinem baue nach dargestellt. Halle: Verlag der Buchhandlung des Waisenhauses. DELBRÜCK, Berthold. 1888. Altindische Syntax. Halle. ETTER, Annemarie. 1985. Die Fragesätze im R̥gveda. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. GONDA, Jan. 1979. The Medium in the R̥gveda. Leiden: E. J. Brill. *HALE, Mark Robert. 1987. Studies in the Comparative Syntax of the Oldest Indo-Iranian Languages. Ph.D. Diss. Harvard University. HETTRICH, Heinrich. 1988. Untersuchungen zur Hypotaxe im Vedischen. Berlin: de Gruyter. KLEIN, Jared S. 1978. The Particle u in the Rigveda: A Synchronic and Diachronic Study. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. KLEIN, Jared S. 1985. Toward a Discourse Grammar of the Rigveda. Volume I: Coordinate Conjuction. Part 1: Introduction, ca, utá. Part 2: u; áthā, átho, ádha, ā́ d; vā; ápi. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. *SPEIJER, Jakob Samuel. 1886. Sanskrit Syntax. Leyden: E. J. Brill.

Texts/Editions:

HOCK, Hans Heinrich. 2007. An Early Upaniṣadic Reader: With Notes, Glossary, and an Appendix of Related Vedic Texts. New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishers. *LANMAN, Charles Rockwell. 1883. A Sanskrit Reader: Text and Vocabulary and Notes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. *MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1917. A Vedic Reader for Students. Oxford: Clarendon Press. *NOOTEN, Barend A. van & Gary B. HOLLAND. 1994. Rig Veda: A Metrically Restored Text. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. OLIVELLE, Patrick. 1998. The Early Upanisads: Annotated Text and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ROTH, Rudolph, William Dwight WHITNEY & Max LINDENAU. 1924. Atharva Veda Sanhita. Berlin: Ferd. Dümmlers Verlagsbuchhandlung.

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Translations:

BLOOMFIELD, Maurice. 1897. Hymns of the Atharva-Veda together with Extracts from the Ritual Books and the Commentaries [Sacred Books of the East Vol. 42]. Oxford: Clarendon Press. *GELDNER, Karl Friedrich. Der Rig-Veda. Aus dem Sanskrit ins Deutsche übersetzt und mit einem laufenden kommentar versehen [3 Vols., Harvard Oriental Series 33-35]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (Recently republished in 2003 as a single volume, Harvard Oriental Series Vol. 63. This is the only reliable complete translation.). GRIFFITH, Ralph. 1896. The Hymns of the Rigveda: Translated with a popular commentary (2nd ed.). Benares: E. J. Lazarus & Co. (The translation is wholly unreliable and ought to be avoided, unfortunately it’s the most widely available English translation online.) KEITH, Arthur Berriedale. 1914. The Veda of the Black Yajus School entitled Taittiriya Sanhita [2 Vols.; Harvard Oriental Series Vols. 18 & 19]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. KEITH, Arthur Berriedale. 1920. Rigveda Brahmanas: The Aitareya and Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇas of the Rigveda [Harvard Oriental Series Vol. 25]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. O’FLAHERTY, Wendy Doniger. 1981. The Rig Veda: An Anthology. Hammondsworth: Penguin. (Contains a selection of 108 translated and commented hymns.) OLIVELLE, Patrick. 1998. The Early Upanisads: Annotated Text and Translation. Oxford: Oxford University Press. WHITNEY, William Dwight & Charles Rockwell LANMAN. 1905. Whitney's Atharva-Veda Translation and Notes [2 Vols.; Harvard Oriental Series Vols. 7 & 8]. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. WITZEL, Michael & Toshifumi GOTŌ. 2007. Rig-Veda: Das heilige Wissen. Erster und zweiter Liederkreis. Frankfurt am Main: Insel Verlag. (A new translation into German, only books 1 & 2.)

For Classical Sanskrit texts, the Clay Sanskrit Library (http://www.claysanskritlibrary.org/) has a wide range of texts available in transcription and translation. The Clay project has however been suspended due to financial problems (titles are still available for purchase and widely distributed). The Murty Classical Library of India (http://www.murtylibrary.com/) from Harvard University Press is a similar project proposing to handle Classical Indian literature, not only in Sanskrit, but also including other Indian languages of literature (e.g. Bengali, Kannada, Persian, Telugu, etc.). No titles have been published to date, but the first should appear in 2014.

Miscellaneous (A Selection):

BURROW, Thomas, 1973. The Sanskrit Language (revised ed.). London: Faber & Faber. ERDOSY, George (ed.) 1995. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture, and Ethnicity. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (A good collection of essays on the interface of linguistic and archaeological problems pertaining to the Indo-Iranians and Indo-Iranian texts. For the textual history of the R̥gveda cf. esp. Michael WITZEL’s article in this volume cited below.) JAMISON, Stephanie W. 1991. The Ravenous Hyenas and the Wounded Sun: Myth and Ritual in Ancient India. Ithaca: Cornell University Press. KUIPER, F. B. J. 1991. Aryans in the Rigveda. Amsterdam: Rodopi. KUZ'MINA, Elena A. 2007. The Origin of the Indo-Iranians. Leiden: Brill. (An extensive archaeological study on Indo-Iranian origins.) POLLOCK, Sheldon. 2006. The Language of the Gods in the World of Men: Sanskrit, Culture,

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and Power in Premodern India. Berkeley: University of California Press. RENOU, Louis. 1942. Terminologie grammaticale du Sanskrit. Paris: Champion. (Essentially, a dictionary of Sanskrit grammatical terminology.) WITZEL, Michael. 1995. “R̥gvedic history: poets, chieftains and polities”. The Indo-Aryans of Ancient South Asia: Language, Material Culture and Ethnicity, ed. by G. ERDOSY, 307-52. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter.

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