INTRODUCTION TO VEDIC – LENT TERM 2014 (MJCS) Vedic Bibliography General Introductions: FORTSON, Benjamin W. (IV). 2010. “Indo-Iranian I: Indic” in Indo-European Language and Culture: An Introduction (Second Edition), 202-226. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. (Cf. also “Indo-Iranian II: Iranian” pp.227-247) JAMISON, Stephanie W. 2004. “Sanskrit”. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the World's Ancient Languages, ed. by R.D. WOODARD, 673-716. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. LAZZERONI, Romano. 1998. “Sanskrit”. The Indo-European Languages, ed. by A.G. RAMAT & P. RAMAT, 98-124. London & New York: Routledge. Dictionaries: *BÖHTLINGK, Otto & Rudolph ROTH. 1855-1875. Sanskrit-Wörterbuch (7 Vols.). St. Petersburg: Buchdr. der K. Akademie der Wissenschaften. (Known as the Petersburger Wörterbuch, and stands as the fundamental basis for all modern Sanskrit dictionaries. Online version searchable on the Universität zu Köln website: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/scans/PWGScan/disp2/index.php) *GRAßMANN, Hermann. 1873-1875. Wörterbuch zum Rig-Veda. Leipzig: F. A. Brockhaus. (Exhaustive. Unaltered reprints since the 3rd ed. (1955) by Harrassowitz Verlag in th Wiesbaden. The 6 edition of 1996 has been revised by Maria KOZIANKA, taking into account our improved understanding of the Vedic text, however the text of the dictionary has not been re-set.) LUBOTSKY, Alexander. 1997. A R̥gvedic Word Concordance. New Haven: American Oriental Society. (A new computer-prepared concordance based on NOOTEN and HOLLAND’s new metrically restored text.) MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1924. A Practical Sanskrit Dictionary: With Transliteration, Accentuation, and Etymological Analysis Throughout. London: Oxford University Press. (A good hand-dictionary, but largely obsolete because of the online Cologne dictionaries.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1956-1980. Kurzgefaßtes etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen. Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. *MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1992-2001. Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen (3 vols.). Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag. (The standard etymological dictionary of Sanskrit. On occasion it refers back to the Kurzgefaßtes for in-depth discussion however, which is sometimes quite annoying.) *MONIER-WILLIAMS, Monier. 1899. A Sanskrit-English Dictionary - Etymologically and Philologically Arranged with Special Reference to Cognate Indo-European Languages. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (The print dictionary is organized by lexical roots; there is also a useful digitized online version searchable by headword on the Universität zu Köln website: http://www.sanskrit-lexicon.uni-koeln.de/monier/) *WHITNEY, William Dwight. 1885. The Roots, Verb-Forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language: A Supplement to His Sanskrit Grammar. Leipzig: Breitkopf und Härtel. (Handy for quick reference for forms derived to a particular verbal root. Cf. also WERBA 1997 under Morphology below.) NB: Sanskrit dictionaries follow the Indological alphabetical order, i.e. that of Devanāgarī: a ā i ī u ū r̥ r̥ ̄ l̥ k kh g gh n̄ c ch j jh ñ ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v ś ṣ s h. Dictionaries normally cite lexical roots in zero- grade as per the native lexicographical tradition, however some modern etymological dictionaries follow the 1 INTRODUCTION TO VEDIC – LENT TERM 2014 (MJCS) Indo-Europeanist practice of citing roots in the full-grade of the root (i.e. at guṇa strength), e.g. √r̥ -¹ ‘go’ would be found under √ar-¹. Grammars: COULSON, Michael. 1976. Teach Yourself Sanskrit. Kent: Hodder & Stoughton. (Surprisingly good, as far as Teach Yourself Books go. An excellent introduction to the Classical language based principally on Classical Sanskrit drama. Many reprints.) *GOLDMAN, Robert P. & Sally J. SUTHERLAND GOLDMAN. 1999. Devavāṇīpraveśikā: An Introduction to the Sanskrit Language (3rd ed.). Berkeley: University of California Press. (Lit. “Introduction to the Language of the Gods”. This book has arguably superseded COULSON (1976) as the best introduction to Classical Sanskrit available in English. It does however necessitate the learning of the Devanāgarī script from the very beginning, and its presentation of Sanskrit grammar with reference to the Indian grammatical tradition can at times obscure descriptions of finer points of grammar to the student from being entirely diglossic.) JACKSON, A. V. Williams. 1892. An Avesta Grammar in Comparison with Sanskrit - Part 1: Phonology, Inflection, Word-formation, with an Introduction on the Avesta. Stuttgart: W. Kohlhammer Verlag. (Useful for Indo-Iranian comparison.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1972. A Sanskrit Grammar. Translated from the German with revisions and introd. by Gordon B. Ford. Huntsville: University of Alabama Press. (Handy, but the German version is better.) MAYRHOFER, Manfred. 1978. Sanskrit-Grammatik mit sprachvergleichenden Erläuterungen. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (A good pocket-grammar of Sanskrit.) *MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1910. Vedic Grammar. Strassburg: K. J. Trübner Verlag. (The best English reference for Vedic grammar, but a little tricky to use – you won’t find a single paradigm here.) *MACDONELL, Anthony Arthur. 1916. A Vedic Grammar for Students. Oxford: Clarendon Press. (The student-abridged form of the preceding. Essential for reading; has a nice appendix of roots of verbs found in Vedic.) MORGENROTH, Wolfgang. 1973. Lehrbuch des Sanskrit. Leipzig: Veb Verlag Enzyklopädie. (Contains a useful appendix of the principal differences between Classical Sanskrit and Vedic.) OBERLIES, Thomas. 2003. A Grammar of Epic Sanskrit. Berlin: De Gruyter. STENZLER, Adolf Friedrich, Karl Friedrich Geldner & Richard Pischel. 2003. Elementarbuch der Sanskrit-Sprache (19., durchgesehene und verbesserte Auflage). Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. (Handy for Vedic and Classical Sanskrit.) *WACKERNAGEL, Jacob & Albert DEBRUNNER. 1896–1957. Altindische Grammatik (3 Vols.). Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. (Simply the most exhaustive treatment of Sanskrit grammar anywhere in print. I. Lautlehre. -- II.1. Einleitung zur Wortlehre. Nominalkomposition. -- II.2. Die Nominalsuffixe, von A. Debrunner. -- III. Nominalflexion, Zahlwort, Pronomen, von A. Debrunner und J. Wackernagel. -- Register zur Altindische Grammatik, von J. Wackernagel und A. Debrunner.) *WHITNEY, William Dwight. 1889. Sanskrit Grammar: Including both the Classical Language and the older Dialects, of Veda and Brahmana (2nd ed.). Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. (The classic single volume English language reference grammar for Classical Sanskrit. Equivalent to SMYTH-MESSING for Greek.) ZIEGLER, Sabine. 2012. Klassisches Sanskrit [Kurzgrammatiken indogermanischer Sprachen und Sprachstufen 1]. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag. (A new Indo-Europeanist oriented 2 INTRODUCTION TO VEDIC – LENT TERM 2014 (MJCS) outline of Classical Sanskrit grammar. Handy for updated linguistic perspectives and references, considering most of the other reference grammars are over a century old.) Phonology (A Selection): ALLEN, William Sidney. 1953. Phonetics in Ancient India. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ALLEN, William Sidney. 1962. Sandhi: The Theoretical, Phonetic, and Historical Bases of Word-junction in Sanskrit. The Hague: Mouton. GIPPERT, Jost. 1997. “Laryngeals and Vedic Metre”. Sound Law and Analogy: Papers in honor of Robert S.P. Beekes on the occasion of his 60th birthday, ed. by A. LUBOTSKY, 63-80. Amsterdam: Rodopi. KLEIN, Jared S. 1992. On Verbal Accentuation in the Rigveda. New Haven: American Oriental Society. LIPP, Reiner. 2009. Die indogermanischen und einzelsprachlichen Palatale im Indoiranischen. Band I: Neurekonstruktion, Nuristan-Sprachen, Genese der indoarischen Retroflexe, Indoarisch von Mitanni. Band II: Thorn-Problem, indoiranische Laryngalvokalisation. Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter. LUBOTSKY, Alexander. 1988. The System of Nominal Accentuation in Sanskrit and Proto- Indo-European. Leiden: E.J. Brill. SCHINDLER, Jochem. 1967. “Das idg. Word für „Erde‟ und die dentalen Spiranten” Die Sprache 13.191-205. SCHINDLER, Jochem. 1977. “A Thorny Problem” Die Sprache 23.25-35. SIHLER, Andrew. 1969. “Sievers-Edgerton Phenomena and Rigvedic Meter” Language 45:248-73. SIHLER, Andrew. 2006. Edgerton's Law: The Phantom Evidence. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag. Morphology (including word-formation and derivation): *DAHL, Eystein. 2010. Time, Tense and Aspect in Early Vedic Grammar: Exploring Inflectional Semantics in the Rigveda. Leiden: Brill. GOTŌ, Toshifumi. 1987. Die „I. Präsensklasse“ im Vedischen: Untersuchung der vollstufigen thematischen Wurzelpräsentia. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. KEYDANA, Götz. 2013. Infinitive im R̥gveda: Formen, Funktion, Diachronie. Leiden: Brill. HEENEN, François. 2006. Le désidératif en védique. Amsterdam: Rodopi. HILL, Eugen. 2007. Die Aorist-Präsentien des Indoiranischen: Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Semantik einer Präsensklasse. Bremen: Hempen Verlag. *HOFFMANN, Karl. 1967. Der Injunktiv im Veda. Heidelberg: Winter Verlag. JAMISON, Stephanie W. 1983. Function and Form in the -áya-Formations of the Rig-Veda and Atharva-Veda. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. JOACHIM, Ulrike. 1978. Mehrfachpräsentien im R̥gveda. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang Verlag. KULIKOV, Leonid. 2012. The Vedic -ya-presents: Passives and intransitivity in Old Indo- Aryan. Amsterdam: Rodopi. KÜMMEL, Martin. 1996. Stativ und Passivaorist im Indoiranischen. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck und Ruprecht. KÜMMEL, Martin Joachim. 2000. Das Perfekt im Indoiranischen. Wiesbaden: Reichert