Prepared For: RARE PLANT SURVEY

Westcoast Energy Inc. Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

APPENDIX D

RARE PLANT SURVEY

Prepared for: RARE PLANT SURVEY

Westcoast Energy Inc. FOR THE PROPOSED carrying on business as: WESTCOAST ENERGY INC. SOUTH PEACE PIPELINE PROJECT

Spectra Energy Transmission

Prepared by:

TERA Environmental Consultants Suite 1100, 815 - 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Ph: 403-265-2885

February 2008 5098

Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Environmental Setting...... 1 1.2 Rare Plant Survey Objectives ...... 3 2.0 METHODS ...... 4 3.0 KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN ...... 5 4.0 RESULTS...... 5 4.1 Rare Plants ...... 5 4.1.1 Small Bedstraw (Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum) (S2S3)...... 7 4.2 Rare Ecological Communities...... 7 4.3 Forest Pests ...... 7 4.4 Weeds ...... 7 5.0 DISCUSSION AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 8 6.0 REFERENCES...... 8 6.1 Personal Communications ...... 8 6.2 Literature Cited...... 8

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 Potential Rare Vascular Plant Species in the Boreal White and Black Spruce Biogeoclimatic Zone and Peace Forest District ...... 10 Appendix 2 Potential Rare Ecological Communities in the Biogeoclimatic Subzones (BWBSmw1, BWBSwk1) of the Project Area in the Peace Forest District...... 12 Appendix 3 Observed Plant Species – by Scientific Name ...... 13

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Regional Location of the Proposed South Peace Pipeline Project...... 2 Figure 2 South Peace Pipeline Project Observed Rare Plant Locations ...... 6

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Location of Rare Plant Surveys ...... 3

LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Close-up of small bedstraw in NW 7-81-17 W6M (July 27, 2007)...... 7

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

1.0 INTRODUCTION Westcoast Energy Inc. (Westcoast) doing business as Spectra Energy Transmission (SET) is proposing to construct the South Peace Pipeline Project [the Project] to transport unprocessed sour natural gas from producer facilities, located approximately 40 km southwest of Dawson Creek, British Columbia (BC) to Westcoast’s existing McMahon Plant in Taylor, BC.

The Project will consist of approximately 87.5 km of 508.0 mm Outside Diameter (O.D.) (20-inch) pipeline (herein referred to as the South Peace Pipeline), commencing at c-95-E/93-P-08 in the Oetata Ridge area and ending at SW 1/4 4-82-17 W6M, on the south side of the Peace River near Taylor where the pipeline will tie-in to an existing pipeline, the Peace River Crossing Pipeline constructed in 2007. The Peace River Crossing Pipeline is an approximate 11.7 km long 323.9 mm O.D. (12-inch) pipeline that extends under the Peace River and currently ties-in to the Westcoast Milligan Peejay Pipeline at 15-31-82-17 W6M. The Project will also consist of approximately 2 km of 508.0 mm O.D. (20-inch) pipeline commencing from the Peace River Crossing Pipeline on the north side of the Peace River at NE 1/4 31-82-17 W6M and ending at the McMahon Plant at NE 1/4 25-82-18 W6M. This section of pipeline is herein referred to as the McMahon Tie-in Pipeline. A 1 km length of 508.0 mm O.D. (20-inch) pipeline will be installed within the same trench as the McMahon Tie-in Pipeline in the vicinity of the McMahon Plant to provide capability for liquids handling. This section of pipeline is herein referred to as the Liquids Handling Loop. The South Peace Pipeline Project consists of the South Peace Pipeline, the McMahon Tie-in Pipeline and the Liquids Handling Loop.

Pending regulatory approval construction is anticipated to commence in winter 2009 with completion by July 2009. Section 2.0 of this Environmental and Socio-Economic Assessment (ESA) provides a more detailed description of the Project.

The proposed Project has been aligned to parallel existing linear disturbances (i.e., pipeline right-of-ways, roads) to the extent reasonably possible. Overall, the Project parallels existing rights-of-way for approximately 23.5% of its length.

1.1 Environmental Setting The proposed route traverses approximately 17.4 km of Crown-owned lands with the remainder consisting of private lands. The Project lies within the Peace River Regional District in northeastern BC. Current land use for both private and Crown-owned lands include agriculture, oil and gas activity, forestry, trapping and guide/outfitting activities. Outdoor recreation activities include: hunting, fishing and snowmobiling. Topography along the route is generally flat to gently rolling.

In BC, the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) System identifies Biogeoclimatic (BGC) Zones and Subzones. The proposed pipeline traverses the Boreal White and Black Spruce (BWBS) BGC Zone in the Peace Forest District of BC (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The BWBS BGC Zone is one of the largest zones in BC, covering approximately 10% of the province. This zone is subject to very short growing seasons. The winters are much longer and colder than in other parts of BC and the ground freezes deeply for a large part of the year. The most common tree species in this zone are white spruce (Picea glauca), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), black spruce (Picea mariana), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), tamarack (Larix laricina), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), white birch (Betula papyrifera) and Alaska birch (Betula neoalaskana). Forests of variable successional stages are present in this zone, due to frequent forest fires (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). The Project Footprint crosses two subzones in the BWBS BGC Zone:

• The Peace Moist Warm Subzone (BWBSmw1) of the BWBS BGC Zone is characterized by trembling aspen dominated forests. Balsam poplar and white spruce are common on wetter sites (DeLong et al. 1990). Distinguishing understory species in this subzone include: creamy peavine (Lathyrus ochroleucus), tall lungwort (Mertensia paniculata), northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) and bishop's- cap (Mitella nuda) (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) may be present on drier poorer sites and black spruce is common on organic soils (DeLong et al. 1990).

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• The Murray wet, cool Subzone (BWBSwk1) of the BWBS BGC Zone is characterized by mature white spruce forests with minor amounts of black spruce (Picea mariana) on wetter, poorer sites and pure black spruce stands on very wet sites on organic soils. Lodgepole pine is the dominant seral species forming widespread forests and trembling aspen is common as a seral species at lower elevations (DeLong et al. 1990). The presence of subalpine fir and black huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) distinguish the wet cool subzone from the other subzones (Meindinger and Pojar 1991).

1.2 Rare Plant Survey Objectives A rare plant survey was conducted by TERA Environmental Consultants (TERA) in July and August 2007, on sites along the proposed route that have a high potential to support rare plant species or rare ecological communities. Table 1 details the locations where rare plant surveys were conducted along the currently proposed route. Although rare plant surveys can confirm the presence of rare plants, they cannot definitively state that rare plant species are not present on a site.

The main objectives of the surveys were to:

• identify rare vascular plant species and rare ecological communities on the proposed route as defined by Canada's Species at Risk Act (SARA), the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC), or the BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC);

• identify unique features or sites on the proposed route that have a high potential to support rare plant species; and

• provide mitigation recommendations in the event that rare plants or rare ecological communities are observed.

TABLE 1

LOCATION OF RARE PLANT SURVEYS

KP Legal Location Area 4.2 to 4.3 c-34-L/93-P-08 adjacent to Oetata Creek 22.1 to 22.7 5,12-13-76-17 W6M adjacent to Brassey Creek 39.8 to 39.9 10-34-77-17 W6M area along a small tributary 78.3 to 78.4 14-7-81-17 W6M adjacent to Eight Mile Creek Notes: KPs are only approximate and are based on the route as of February 5, 2008.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

2.0 METHODS Prior to the field assessment, a literature review was conducted to identify rare vascular plant species and rare ecological communities with potential to occur in the project area. Using data available from the BC CDC, tables of potential rare vascular plant species (Appendix 1) and rare ecological communities (Appendix 2) were compiled. Definitions of rarity ranks and classes are included in the footnotes of the Appendices.

The BC CDC provides rare vascular plant data (BC CDC 2007a) by BGC Zone and Forest District. All Red and Blue-listed vascular plants in the BGC Zone and Forest District of the Project were included. Habitats were added using Douglas et al. (2002) and Douglas et al. (1998-2002). The tables were modified to include whether the known range and habitat of each plant is in the vicinity of the Project. The range was based on the distribution maps in Douglas et al. (1998-2002). Habitat decisions were made during the survey based on the habitat types present.

The BC CDC provides rare ecological community data by BGC Subzone and Forest District (BC CDC 2007a). All red and blue-listed communities in the Subzone and Forest District of the Project were included. The tables were modified to include whether the known range of the community is in the vicinity of the project. This was accomplished using the distribution maps of the component species and through personal communication with the BC CDC, if necessary.

None of the potential rare plant species or rare ecological communities in the Project area have a designation under COSEWIC or SARA.

Information regarding records of known rare plant or rare ecological community occurrences within the local project area was sought from the BC CDC (2007b). These results are included in Section 3.0.

Air photographs were reviewed in order to identify areas of high potential habitat for rare plant species (e.g., seepage areas, riparian areas, under-represented ecosystems).

Rare plant surveys were conducted in accordance with the rare plant survey guidelines as created by the Alberta Native Plant Council (ANPC) to the extent feasible (ANPC 2000). Rare plant specialists surveyed the proposed route, noted the dominant plant communities occurring along the route and searched for rare plants. A stratified meander technique was used to survey the 18-25 m wide proposed right-of-way for rare plant species. At locations where potentially significant microsites were observed, more detailed searches were performed. Species nomenclature is according to the BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer (BC CDC 2007a) with more current taxonomic information drawn from NatureServe (2007a) when necessary.

In the event that a rare plant species is observed, a thorough search would be done to determine the extent of the population. The population would be mapped, a GPS location recorded, photographs taken and a detailed BC CDC rare plant report form would be completed and submitted. Voucher specimens of rare plant species may be collected following the 1:50 guideline put forth by the ANPC (2006), (i.e., one specimen may be collected for every 50 observed). However, due to the importance of voucher specimens to the verification of rare plant observations, specimens may be collected under certain circumstances at the lower population numbers (i.e., one specimen may be collected for every 20 observed). Circumstances under which specimens may be collected from smaller populations include encountering a species that is difficult to identify by photograph alone, or instances when collection is not likely to adversely impact the continued reproductive success of the population, such as when numerous flowering individuals are encountered. Any plant species requiring verification would be confirmed at the University of British Columbia herbarium or by other recognized botanists.

In the event that a rare ecological community is observed, the community would be mapped or marked on an air photo and a GPS location recorded. A description of the site and vegetation would be documented on BC CDC ecological community forms. A species list for a representative plot of the appropriate size (20 m2 for forested, 10 m2 for shrub dominated and 5 m2 for grasslands) would be recorded and percent cover for each species would be estimated.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

This survey does not address all rare nonvascular species (mosses, liverworts, lichens). However, if an identifiable rare nonvascular species is observed, the population will be assessed and reported in the same manner as a vascular species.

A list of all species observed during the survey is provided as Appendix 3.

Weeds of management concern as per the BC Weed Control Act were reviewed prior to field surveys. Provincial noxious weeds are those that must be controlled in all regions and regional noxious weeds are those that must be controlled in the region(s) for which they are listed. Nuisance weeds in BC are identified (Cranston et al. 2002) but are not regulated by the BC Weed Control Act. Other weeds may be determined to be of management concern by officials responsible for weed management in each area.

Weed densities are determined as trace (1% cover), low (occasional plants, ≥1% and <5%), moderate (scattered plants, ≥5% and <25%), or high (fairly dense, ≥25%). Density levels are determined by visual estimation.

3.0 KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN There are no potential species listed for the BWBS BGC Zone that have a SARA or COSEWIC designation.

The BC CDC has two records of rare plant occurrences in the vicinity of the proposed pipeline. Meadow willow (Salix petiolaris) was observed on swampy ground along with black spruce, tamarack, willows and sedges (BC CDC 2007b). The proposed pipeline route intersects the polygon for this rare plant occurrence. Another occurrence in the vicinity of the proposed pipeline route is long-leaved mugwort (Artemisia longifolia). This plant was observed in the vicinity of Taylor, near the Peace River. The polygon associated with this occurrence is approximately 500 m away from the proposed pipeline route.

The BC CDC reported no records of rare ecological communities in the Project area (BC CDC 2007b).

4.0 RESULTS A general description of the vegetation community types present along the proposed route follows.

Of the areas surveyed, the dominant vegetation community was a trembling aspen - white spruce mixedwood community. In addition to the dominant trees, balsam poplar and lodgepole pine were often present in lesser amounts. The most prevalent understory species included: prickly rose, highbush- cranberry, green alder, black twinberry, tall lungwort, creamy peavine, showy aster and dwarf red raspberry.

Many of the areas visited during the 2007 survey were isolated watercourse crossings identified as high rare plant potential habitats. The communities surrounding these areas were often similar to the above described trembling aspen - white spruce community. However, there was frequently an increased quantity of balsam poplar. The riparian vegetation directly adjacent to the creeks varied from location to location.

A limited number of areas along the route, generally toward the southern end, were dominated by black spruce. Common understory species in these areas included Labrador tea, velvet-leaved blueberry, cloudberry, bunchberry, palmate-leaved coltsfoot, lingonberry and sedges.

A list of all identifiable species observed at the time of survey is included in Appendix 3.

4.1 Rare Plants During the rare plant survey of the proposed South Peace Pipeline, one BC CDC-listed rare plant species, small bedstraw (Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum) was observed. The location of the small bedstraw population is mapped on Figure 2.

No COSEWIC or SARA-listed species were observed during the survey.

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SOUTH PEACE PIPELINE PROJECT OBSERVED RARE PLANT LOCATIONS

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4.1.1 Small Bedstraw (Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum) (S2S3) Small bedstraw (Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum L.) is a perennial herb that grows from creeping underground roots (rhizomes). Stems are four-angled and 5-60 cm long. Stem leaves are narrow and arranged in whorls of four (Plate 1). Flowers are small, white and arranged in groups of one to three. Sub- species trifidum is distinguished by conspicuous rough, short hairs on the fruiting stalk (Douglas et al. 1998-2002). Small bedstraw is on the Blue list in BC and is ranked S2S3. Globally, it is ranked G5T5.

Small bedstraw was observed at one location along the proposed route. The population was located at NW 7-81-17 W6M. One plant was observed on a moss covered, decaying log (Plate 1) leaning into Eight Mile Creek (nearly dry at the time of the survey).

Plate 1 Close-up of small bedstraw in NW 7-81-17 W6M (July 27, 2007).

4.2 Rare Ecological Communities No rare ecological communities were observed along the proposed route.

4.3 Forest Pests The proposed pipeline route is located within an Aggressive Emergency Bark Beetle Management Area for mountain pine beetles (MPBs) (BC MOFR 2007). MPB pose a serious threat to mature coniferous forests. Although MPB was not observed during the Rare Plant Survey in August 2007, presence of MPB has been observed in the project area north of Oetata Creek during subsequent route changes. Presence of MPB in the Project area will be confirmed during the 2008 Rare Plant Survey.

4.4 Weeds One noxious weed was observed during the survey. Creeping (Canada) thistle is classified as noxious within all regions of BC (Cranston et al. 2002). In total, 12 nuisance weeds were observed which include: common plantain, bull thistle, common chickweed, foxtail barley, hemp-nettle, lamb's-quarters, nodding beggarticks, pineapple weed, shepherd's-purse, creeping buttercup, common horsetail and field

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098 pennycress. The following non-native introduced or invasive species also occur along the proposed route: smooth brome, annual hawk's-beard, orchard grass, bristly stickseed, black medic, alfalfa, white sweet- clover, yellow sweet-clover, common timothy, creeping yellow cress and clover.

During the survey, creeping thistle density was generally very low. In SE 34-77-17 W6M (KP 39.8 to KP 39.9), creeping thistle was observed in low amounts (<5%). Other weed species were generally present in isolated areas at trace to low density, with the exception of introduced species which were often common in areas adjacent to pasture lands.

5.0 DISCUSSION AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS Small bedstraw is currently ranked S2S3 and on the Blue list. Due to the frequency at which TERA found it in the Project area and in two other proposed project areas, TERA contacted the BC CDC to discuss the rarity of this species. In light of the submitted records, the rank has been reviewed and will be downlisted to S4 and moved to the yellow list (Penny pers. comm.). This is with the understanding that efforts must be made to protect any observed populations; otherwise the revised rank is not justified. Small bedstraw was observed in one location along the currently proposed route. The population was associated with a decaying log. Due to the low rank of this species it is recommended that the log, or a portion of the log, be salvaged and placed off right-of-way prior to construction. During follow up surveys in 2008, sites off right-of-way with similar habitats will be identified where the salvaged log can be relocated to. Monitoring during the first full growing season after construction should be conducted to determine the success of the relocation.

MPB is a forest health concern identified within the Project area. If feasible clearing activities should be scheduled outside of the flight period (May to September). If MPB are observed during construction, then an appropriate strategy should be developed in consultation with the Forest Officer and following methods outlined in the Bark Beetle Management Guidebook (BC MOF 1995).

The abundance of weedy species along the segments of the proposed pipeline route surveyed in 2007 is currently low. Therefore, attention should be paid to ensure that equipment is clean and free of weeds or any soil, which may contain weed seeds, prior to the start of construction so that weed densities in this area will remain low following the construction of this pipeline.

There are several locations along the proposed route that will require surveys in summer 2008 as a result of route refinements that were completed following the 2007 surveys and areas for which land access had not yet been obtained.

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Personal Communications Penny, J. Program Botanist. BC Conservation Data Centre. Vancouver, BC.

6.2 Literature Cited Alberta Native Plant Council. 2000. ANPC Guidelines for Rare Plant Surveys in Alberta. Website: http://www.anpc.ab.ca/assets/rareplant.pdf.

Alberta Native Plant Council. 2006. Plant Collection Guidelines for Researchers, Students and Consultants. Website: http://www.anpc.ab.ca/assets/researchers_students.pdf.

Argus, G.W. and K.M. Pryer. 1990. Rare Vascular Plants in Canada. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, Ontario.

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2007a. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. Ministries of Sustainable Resource Management and Water, Land and Air Protection. Website: http://srmapps.gov.bc.ca/apps/eswp.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2007b. Conservation Data Centre Mapping Service. Website: http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=cdc. Accessed: August 29, 2007.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests. 1995. Bark Beetle management Guidebook. Website: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/tasb/legsregs/fpc/fpcguide/beetle/betletoc.htm.

British Columbia Ministry of Forests and Range. 2007. Mountain Pine Beetles in BC. Website: http://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hfp/mountain_pine_beetle/maps/ebbma/. Accessed: October 2007.

British Columbia Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management. 2002. Species Ranking in British Columbia. Website: http://wlapwww.gov.bc.ca/wld/documents/ranking.pdf.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2007. Canadian species at risk. Website: http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct0/index_e.cfm.

Cranston, R., D. Ralph and B. Wikeem. 2002. Field Guide to Noxious and Other Selected Weeds of British Columbia. Fourth Edition. British Columbia Ministry of Agriculture and Lands.

DeLong, C., A. MacKinnon and L. Jang. 1990. A Field Guide for Identification and Interpretation of Ecosystems of the Northeast Portion of the Prince George Forest Region. Land Management Handbook No. 22. Research Branch, BC Ministry of Forests. Victoria, BC.

Douglas, G., (G.B. Straley), D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1998-2002. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volumes 1-8. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and Ministry of Forests. Province of British Columbia.

Douglas, G.W., D. Meidinger and J.L. Penny. 2002. Rare Native Vascular Plants of British Columbia. 2nd Edition. Province of British Columbia.

Environment Canada. 2007. Species at Risk. Website: http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca/search/default_e.cfm.

Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington.

Meidinger D. and J. Pojar. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series No. 6. Research Branch and Forest Sciences Section of the BC Ministry of Forests. Victoria, British Columbia.

Moss, E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. Second Edition. Revised by J.G. Packer. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, Ontario. 687 pp.

NatureServe. 2007a. NatureServe Explorer - An Online Encyclopedia of Life. Website: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/index.htm.

NatureServe. 2007b. Heritage Status: Global, National and Subnational Conservation Status Ranks. Website: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/servlet/NatureServe?init=Species.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. Rare Plant Survey South Peace Pipeline Project February 2008 / 5098

APPENDIX 1

POTENTIAL RARE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES IN THE BOREAL WHITE AND BLACK SPRUCE BIOGEOCLIMATIC ZONE AND PEACE FOREST DISTRICT

Right-of-Way Preferred within Known Habitat on Species Proposed Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Range Right-of-Way Rank1 Designations Alopecurus alpinus alpine meadow-foxtail Moist calcareous rocks. y --- S1S3 Red3 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Moist meadows and forest openings. y y S2S3 Blue3 Anemone virginiana var. riverbank anemone Moist to mesic sites. y y S1 Red3 cylindroidea Arabis lignifera woody-branched rockcress Mesic to dry forests. y y S2S3 Blue3 Arabis sparsiflora sickle-pod rockcress Mesic grasslands, riverbanks and y y S1 Red3 disturbed areas. Arnica chamissonis ssp. meadow arnica Wet meadows. y y S2S3 G5T3T52, incana Blue3 Artemisia longifolia long-leaved mugwort Eroded slopes and dry saline plains. y --- S2 Red3 Atriplex nuttallii Nuttall's orache Dry slopes. y y S1 Red3 Calamagrostis plains reedgrass Dry slopes and open forests. y y S2 Red3 montanensis Carex bicolor two-coloured sedge Moist to wet meadows and --- y S2S3 Blue3 shorelines. Carex scoparia pointed broom sedge Mesic meadows, shorelines and --- y S2S3 Blue3 open forests. Carex torreyi Torrey's sedge Meadows and moist woods. y y S2S3 Blue3 Carex xerantica dry-land sedge Dry slopes and open forests. y y S2 Red3 Chrysosplenium iowense Iowa golden-saxifrage Streambanks and marshy sites. --- y S2S3 G3?2, Blue3 Cicuta virosa European water-hemlock Wet sites. y y S2S3 Blue3 Cirsium drummondii Drummond's thistle Moist open fields. y y S1 Red3 Draba cinerea gray-leaved draba Dry meadows and cliffs. y y S2S3 Blue3 Galium labradoricum northern bog bedstraw Marshy ground, moist woods, bogs. y y S2S3 Blue3 Glyceria pulchella slender manna grass Ponds and ditches. y y S2S3 Blue3 Gymnocarpium jessoense Nahanni oak fern Moist, cool, shale talus slopes. ------S3 Blue3 ssp. parvulum Helianthus nuttallii var. Nuttall's sunflower Wet to moist sites in lowland areas. y y S1 Red3 nuttallii Helictotrichon hookeri spike-oat Dry sites. y y S2S3 Blue3 Juncus arcticus ssp. arctic rush Lakeshores in the montane to ------S2S3 Blue3 alaskanus subalpine zones. Lomatium foeniculaceum fennel-leaved desert- Dry open slopes. y y S1 Red3 var. foeniculaceum parsley Luzula nivalis arctic wood-rush Imperfectly drained areas around --- y S2S3 Blue3 pond margins, marshes and streams. Luzula rufescens rusty wood-rush Dry to mesic, open forests and forest y y S2S3 Blue3 margins. Oxytropis campestris ssp. Davis' locoweed Mesic forest openings, gravely sites y y S3 G5T32, davisii and meadows. Blue3 Penstemon gracilis slender penstemon Moist prairie grasslands, sandy or y --- S2 Red3 rocky soil. Pinguicula villosa hairy butterwort Sphagnum bogs. y y S2S3 Blue3 Piptatherum canadense Canada ryegrass Dry, nutrient-poor, sandy or rocky y y SH Red3 soils, where vegetation is sparse or has openings created by frequent disturbance. Polemonium boreale northern Jacob's-ladder Mesic to dry meadows and rock y y S2S3 Blue3 outcrops. Polemonium occidentale western Jacob's-ladder Wet to moist swamps, streambanks, y y S2S3 Blue3 ssp. occidentale meadows and thickets. Polygala senega Seneca-snakeroot Moist to mesic grassy sites. --- y S1 Red3 Polypodium sibiricum Siberian polypody Dry to mesic rocks. y --- SH Red3

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APPENDIX 1 Cont'd

Preferred Right-of-Way Habitat on within Known Proposed Provincial Additional Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Species Range Right-of-Way Rank1 Designations Prenanthes racemosa purple rattlesnake-root Dry sites. --- y SH Red3 ssp. multiflora Pyrola elliptica white wintergreen Dry to moist forests. y y S2S3 Blue3 Ranunculus cardiophyllus heart-leaved buttercup Moist to mesic opening and y y S1 Red3 meadows. Ranunculus pedatifidus birdfoot buttercup Moist meadows. y y S2S3 Blue3 ssp. affinis Ranunculus rhomboideus prairie buttercup Dry grasslands and open forests. y y S1 Red3 Rosa arkansana var. Arkansas rose Open hills and edges of lakes and y y S2S3 Blue3 arkansana streams. Rumex arcticus arctic dock Moist to wet sites. --- y S3 Blue3 Salix petiolaris meadow willow Wet thickets. y y S2S3 Blue3 Salix serissima autumn willow Wet thickets, slough margins, y y S2S3 Blue3 meadows and fens. Sarracenia purpurea ssp. common pitcher-plant Bogs and fens. y y S2S3 Blue3 gibbosa Scolochloa festucacea rivergrass Ponds, marshes, lakeshores and y y S2 Red3 streambanks. Selaginella rupestris rock selaginella Dry grassy ridges. --- y S1 Red3 Senecio congestus marsh fleabane Marshes, ponds and ditches. y y S1S3 Red3 Senecio plattensis plains butterweed Dry, open forests. y y S2S3 Blue3 Silene drummondii var. Drummond's campion Sagebrush slopes to alpine ridges. y --- S3 Blue3 drummondii Sphenopholis intermedia slender wedgegrass Moist stream and lake margins, y y S3 Blue3 meadows and hot springs. Stuckenia vaginata sheathing pondweed Lakes. ------S2S3 Blue3 Utricularia ochroleuca ochroleucous bladderwort Oligotrophic and dystrophic lakes. ------S1 Red3 Sources: Argus and Pryer 1990, BC CDC 2007a, COSEWIC 2007, Douglas et al 2002, Douglas et al 1998-2002, Environment Canada 2007, Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973, NatureServe 2007a Notes: 1. Provincial (S) ranks are assigned by the provincial and federal CDC(s); in cases of conflict or missing data, the provincial CDC will have preference. Ranks range from 1 (five or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions); all definitions below are from NatureServe 2007b. S1 = Critically Imperilled: because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). S2 = Imperilled: because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 6-20 occurrences or few remaining individuals (1,000-3,000). S3 = Vulnerable: because rare and uncommon, or found in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21-100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S5 = Secure: common, widespread, and abundant in the province. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S#S# = Range Rank: a numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty about the exact status of the element. SH = Historical occurrence; usually not verified in the last 20 years, but with some expectation that it may be rediscovered. T = Designates a rank associated with a subspecies. 2. Global (G) ranks are based on species status world-wide and follow a system parallel to that for Provincial Ranks (Note 1), ranging from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). Only Global Ranks of concern (G1 to G3) or questionable ranks are displayed (NatureServe 2007b). 3. BC Provincial List (BC Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management 2002) Red List: Includes species that have been legally designated as endangered or threatened under the Wildlife Act; are extirpated; or are candidates for such designation. Blue List: Includes species not immediately threatened but of concern because of characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events.

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APPENDIX 2

POTENTIAL RARE ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES IN THE BIOGEOCLIMATIC SUBZONES (BWBSmw1, BWBSwk1) OF THE PROJECT AREA IN THE PEACE FOREST DISTRICT

Right-of-Way Within Community BC BC Scientific Name Common Name Range Rank1 Status2 Biogeoclimatic Zone3 FOREST / WOODLAND Juncus arcticus - Puccinellia nuttalliana - Arctic rush - Nuttall's alkaligrass - yes S2 Red BWBSmw1/00 Suaeda calceoliformis seablite Muhlenbergia richardsonis - Juncus mat muhly - Arctic rush - Nevada --- S2 Red BWBSmw1/00 arcticus - Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia bluegrass Picea glauca / Ribes triste / Gymnocarpium white spruce / red swamp currant / oak yes S3 Blue BWBSmw1/05 dryopteris fern Picea glauca / Ribes triste / Mertensia white spruce / red swamp currant / tall yes S3 Blue BWBSmw1/06; paniculata bluebells BWBSwk1/05; BWBSwk2/05 Picea glauca / Vaccinium membranaceum / white spruce / black huckleberry / step yes S3 Blue BWBSwk1/01; Hylocomium splendens moss BWBSwk2/01; BWBSwk3/01 Populus balsamifera (ssp. balsamifera, (balsam poplar, black cottonwood) - yes S2 Red BWBSdk1/ 12; ssp. trichocarpa) - Picea spp. / Cornus spruces / red-osier dogwood BWBSdk1/Fm02; stolonifera BWBSmw1/09; BWBSmw1/Fm02; ICHwk4/10; ICHwk4/Fm02; SBSdk/08;SBSwk1/13; SBSwk1/Fm02 Source: BC CDC 2007a Notes: 1. Provincial (S#) ratings range from 1 (critically imperilled, 5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably widespread, abundant, and secure). 2. Species are assigned to a list depending on their Subnational Conservation Status. RED - Plant communities in the wild of BC which either no longer exist, face imminent extirpation or extinction, or are likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. BLUE - Includes indigenous plant communities of BC considered at risk, i.e., having characteristics making them sensitive or vulnerable to human activities or natural events. 3. Indicates the BGC unit(s) and subzones in which each plant community is known to occur. AT (Alpine Tundra); BG (Bunchgrass); CWH (Coastal Western Hemlock); ESSF (Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir); ICH (Interior Cedar - Hemlock); IDF (Interior Douglas-fir); MS (Montane Spruce); MH (Mountain Hemlock); SBPS (Sub-Boreal Pine-Spruce); SBS (Sub-Boreal Spruce); SWB (Spruce Willow Birch); BWBS (Boreal White and Black Spruce); PP (Ponderosa Pine); CDF (Coastal Douglas Fir) Precipitation: x (very dry); d (dry); m (moist); w (wet); v (very wet) Climate: h (hot); w (warm); m (mild); k (cool); c (cold); v (very cold) [Maritime] Continentality: h (hypermaritime); m (maritime); s (submaritime) /nn Ministry of Forests site series classification (00 = not classified but recognized)

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APPENDIX 3

OBSERVED PLANT SPECIES – BY SCIENTIFIC NAME

Scientific Name Common Name Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa subalpine fir Achillea millefolium yarrow Achillea sibirica Siberian yarrow Actaea rubra baneberry Agrostis scabra hair bentgrass Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia mountain alder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa green alder Amelanchier alnifolia saskatoon Anaphalis margaritacea pearly everlasting Anemone cylindrica long-headed anemone Anemone multifida cut-leaved anemone Anemone parviflora northern anemone Angelica genuflexa kneeling angelica Antennaria pulcherrima var. anaphaloides showy pussytoes Antennaria sp. pussytoes Apocynum androsaemifolium spreading dogbane Aquilegia sp. columbine Aralia nudicaulis wild sarsaparilla Arctostaphylos rubra red fruit bearberry Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kinnikinnick Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved arnica Artemisia absinthium wormwood Aster ciliolatus Lindley's aster Aster conspicuus showy aster Astragalus americanus American milk-vetch Athyrium filix-femina ssp. cyclosorum lady fern Beckmannia syzigachne American sloughgrass Betula nana scrub birch Betula neoalaskana Alaska paper birch Betula papyrifera paper birch Betula pumila var. glandulifera low birch Bidens cernua nodding beggarticks Botrychium lunaria common moonwort Botrychium pinnatum northwestern moonwort Botrychium virginianum rattlesnake fern Bromus ciliatus fringed brome Bromus inermis smooth brome Calamagrostis canadensis var. canadensis bluejoint reedgrass Calamagrostis purpurascens var. purpurascens purple reedgrass Caltha natans floating marsh-marigold Capsella bursa-pastoris shepherd's-purse Cardamine pensylvanica Pennsylvanian bitter-cress Carex aquatilis ssp. aquatilis water sedge Carex atherodes awned sedge Carex aurea golden sedge Carex bebbii Bebb's sedge Carex disperma soft-leaved sedge Carex macloviana Falkland Island sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua poor sedge Carex microglochin few-seeded fen sedge Carex sp. sedge Carex utriculata beaked sedge Carex vaginata sheathed sedge Castilleja miniata scarlet paintbrush

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APPENDIX 3 Cont'd

Scientific Name Common Name Chenopodium album lamb's-quarters Chrysosplenium tetrandrum northern golden-saxifrage Circaea alpina enchanter's-nightshade Cirsium arvense var. horridum creeping (Canada) thistle Cirsium vulgare bull thistle Cladina sp. reindeer lichen Clematis occidentalis ssp. grosseserrata Columbia bower Comarum palustre marsh cinquefoil Conocephalum conicum liverwort Corallorhiza maculata spotted coralroot Cornus canadensis bunchberry Cornus stolonifera red-osier dogwood Crepis tectorum annual hawk's-beard Cypripedium passerinum sparrow's-egg lady's-slipper Dactylis glomerata orchard-grass Delphinium glaucum tall larkspur Deschampsia cespitosa ssp. cespitosa tufted hairgrass Diphasiastrum complanatum ground-cedar Dryopteris carthusiana toothed wood fern Elaeagnus commutata silverberry Eleocharis palustris common spike-rush Elymus lanceolatus ssp. lanceolatus thickspike wildrye Elymus trachycaulus ssp. trachycaulus slender wheatgrass Empetrum nigrum crowberry Epilobium angustifolium fireweed Epilobium ciliatum purple-leaved willowherb Epilobium sp. willowherb Equisetum arvense common horsetail Equisetum fluviatile swamp horsetail Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine scouring-rush Equisetum pratense meadow horsetail Equisetum scirpoides dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum sylvaticum wood horsetail Equisetum variegatum ssp. variegatum northern scouring-rush Erysimum inconspicuum small wallflower Fragaria virginiana wild strawberry Galeopsis tetrahit hemp-nettle Galium boreale northern bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. subbiflorum small bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum small bedstraw Galium triflorum sweet-scented bedstraw Gentianella amarella ssp. acuta northern gentian Geocaulon lividum false toad-flax Geranium bicknellii Bicknell's geranium Geum aleppicum yellow avens Geum macrophyllum large-leaved avens Geum rivale water avens Glyceria grandis reed mannagrass Glyceria striata fowl mannagrass Goodyera oblongifolia rattlesnake-plantain Goodyera repens dwarf rattlesnake orchid Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern Hedysarum sp. hedysarum Heracleum maximum cow-parsnip Hieracium umbellatum ssp. umbellatum narrow-leaved hawkweed

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APPENDIX 3 Cont'd

Scientific Name Common Name Hippuris vulgaris common mare's-tail Hordeum jubatum ssp. jubatum foxtail barley Impatiens capensis spotted touch-me-not Juncus balticus Baltic rush Juncus bufonius toad rush Lactuca biennis tall blue lettuce Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella blue lettuce Lappula squarrosa bristly stickseed Larix laricina tamarack Lathyrus ochroleucus creamy peavine Ledum groenlandicum Labrador tea Leymus innovatus fuzzy-spiked wildrye Linnaea borealis twinflower Lonicera dioica var. glaucescens glaucous-leaved honeysuckle Lonicera involucrata black twinberry Lycopodium annotinum stiff club-moss Maianthemum canadense wild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum star-flowered false Solomon's-seal Matricaria discoidea pineapple weed Medicago lupulina black medic Medicago sativa ssp. sativa alfalfa Melilotus alba white sweet-clover Melilotus officinalis yellow sweet-clover Mertensia paniculata var. paniculata tall bluebells Mitella nuda common mitrewort Moehringia lateriflora blunt-leaved sandwort Oplopanax horridus devil's club Orthilia secunda one-sided wintergreen Osmorhiza berteroi mountain sweet-cicely Osmorhiza depauperata blunt-fruited sweet-cicely Oxycoccus oxycoccos bog cranberry Parnassia parviflora small-flowered grass-of-Parnassus Pedicularis groenlandica elephant's-head lousewort Petasites frigidus var. palmatus sweet coltsfoot Petasites sagittatus arrow-leaved coltsfoot Phleum pratense common timothy Picea engelmannii x glauca hybrid white spruce Picea glauca white spruce Picea mariana black spruce Pinus contorta lodgepole pine Plantago major common plantain Platanthera aquilonis northern green rein orchid Platanthera obtusata ssp. obtusata one-leaved rein orchid Platanthera orbiculata large round-leaved rein orchid Pleurozium schreberi red-stemmed feathermoss Polygonum arenastrum oval-leaved knotweed Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera balsam poplar Populus tremuloides trembling aspen Potamogeton gramineus grass-leaved pondweed Potamogeton sp. pondweed Potentilla norvegica Norwegian cinquefoil Prosartes hookeri var. oregana Hooker's fairybells Prunus pensylvanica pin cherry Pyrola asarifolia pink wintergreen

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APPENDIX 3 Cont'd

Scientific Name Common Name Pyrola chlorantha green wintergreen Ranunculus aquatilis white water-buttercup Ranunculus gmelinii small yellow water-buttercup Ranunculus repens creeping buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculus uncinatus little buttercup Rhinanthus minor yellow rattle Rhododendron albiflorum white-flowered rhododendron Ribes bracteosum stink currant Ribes hudsonianum northern blackcurrant Ribes lacustre black gooseberry Ribes oxyacanthoides ssp. oxyacanthoides northern gooseberry Rorippa sylvestris creeping yellow cress Rosa acicularis prickly rose Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis nagoonberry Rubus chamaemorus cloudberry Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus red raspberry Rubus parviflorus var. parviflorus thimbleberry Rubus pedatus five-leaved bramble Rubus pubescens var. pubescens dwarf red raspberry Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus western dock Rumex maritimus golden dock Salix exigua narrow-leaf willow Salix spp. willow Sambucus racemosa ssp. pubens red elderberry Schizachne purpurascens false melic Scirpus microcarpus small-flowered bulrush Senecio triangularis arrow-leaved groundsel Shepherdia canadensis soopolallie Sium suave hemlock water-parsnip Solidago canadensis Canada goldenrod Solidago spathulata spikelike goldenrod Sonchus sp. sow-thistle Sorbus scopulina western mountain-ash Sparganium angustifolium narrow-leaved bur-reed Spiraea pyramidata pyramid spiraea Spiranthes romanzoffiana hooded ladies' tresses Stachys palustris swamp hedge-nettle Stellaria borealis boreal starwort Stellaria longipes long-stalked starwort Stellaria media common chickweed Streptopus amplexifolius clasping twistedstalk Symphoricarpos albus common snowberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis western snowberry Taraxacum officinale common dandelion Thalictrum occidentale western meadowrue Thalictrum venulosum veiny meadowrue Thlaspi arvense field pennycress Trifolium pratense red clover Trifolium sp. clover Triglochin maritima seaside arrow-grass Typha latifolia common cattail Urtica dioica stinging nettle Vaccinium caespitosum dwarf blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides velvet-leaved blueberry

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APPENDIX 3 Cont'd

Scientific Name Common Name Vaccinium vitis-idaea lingonberry Veronica beccabunga var. americana American speedwell Veronica peregrina var. xalapensis purslane speedwell Viburnum edule highbush-cranberry Vicia americana American vetch Viola canadensis var. rugulosa Canada violet Viola sp. violet

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