Supplemental Rare Plant Survey for the Proposed

Home , Prosartes hookeri, Rumex aquaticus, Rumex salicifolius

Prepared for: SUPPLEMENTAL RARE PLANT SURVEY FOR

Westcoast Energy Inc. THE PROPOSED carrying on business as: WESTCOAST ENERGY INC. SOUTH PEACE PIPELINE PROJECT

Spectra Energy Transmission

Prepared by:

TERA Environmental Consultants Suite 1100, 815 ‐ 8th Avenue S.W. Calgary, Alberta T2P 3P2 Ph: 403‐265‐2885

July 2008 5589

Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 1 1.1 Environmental Setting...... 1 1.2 Rare Plant Survey Objectives...... 4 2.0 METHODS ...... 5

3.0 KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN...... 7

4.0 RESULTS ...... 7 4.1 Rare Plants ...... 8 4.1.1 Riverbank Anemone (S1)...... 8 4.1.2 Northern Bog Bedstraw (S2S3)...... 13 4.2 Rare Ecological Communities ...... 13 5.0 DISCUSSION AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS ...... 14 5.1 Riverbank Anemone (S1) ...... 14 5.2 Northern Bog Bedstraw (S2S3)...... 14 5.3 Ecological Communities...... 14 6.0 REFERENCES ...... 15 6.1 Personal Communications...... 15 6.2 Literature Cited ...... 15

LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix 1 Potential Rare Vascular Plant Species in the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone ...... 17 Appendix 2 Potential Natural Plant Communities at Risk in the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone...... 21 Appendix 3 Observed Plant Species – by Type and Common Name ...... 22

LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey Areas along the Proposed Westcoast Energy South Peace Pipeline...... 3 Figure 2 Observed Rare Plant Locations along the Proposed South Peace Pipeline Project ...... 9

LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Location of Rare Plant Surveys ...... 4

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

LIST OF PLATES Plate 1 Close up of riverbank anemone at KP 47.0 in 1‐21‐78‐17 W6M (June 10, 2008)...... 12 Plate 2 View west of riverbank anemone habitat at KP 47.0 in 1‐21‐78‐17 W6M (June 10, 2008)...... 12 Plate 3 Potential northern bog bedstraw population at KP 38.3 in NE 27‐77‐17 W6M (June 11, 2008)...... 13

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

1.0 INTRODUCTION

Westcoast Energy Inc. (Westcoast), doing business as Spectra Energy Transmission (SET), is proposing to construct the South Peace Pipeline Project (the Project) to transport unprocessed sour natural gas from producer facilities, located approximately 40 km southwest of Dawson Creek, British Columbia (BC) to Westcoast’s existing McMahon Plant in Taylor, BC.

The Project will consist of approximately 87.5 km of 508 mm O.D. (20‐inch) pipeline (South Peace Pipeline), commencing at a‐96‐E/93‐P‐08 in the Oetata Ridge area and ending at SW 4‐82‐17 W6M, on the south side of the Peace River near Taylor, BC where the pipeline will tie into an existing pipeline, the Peace River Crossing Pipeline constructed in 2007 (Figure 1). The Peace River Crossing Pipeline is an approximately 11.7 km long 323.9 mm O.D. (12‐inch) pipeline that extends under the Peace River and currently ties into the Westcoast Milligan Peejay Pipeline at 15‐31‐82‐17 W6M. The Project will also consist of approximately 4.2 km of 508 mm O.D. (20‐inch) pipeline commencing from the Peace River Crossing Pipeline on the north side of the Peace River at NE 31‐82‐17 W6M and ending at the McMahon Plant at NE 25‐82‐18 W6M (McMahon Tie‐in Pipeline). Pending regulatory approval construction is anticipated to commence in winter 2009 with completion by July 2009.

The report is intended as a follow‐up to the 2007 Rare Plant Survey for the Proposed Westcoast Energy Inc. South Peace Pipeline Project (TERA Environmental Consultants [TERA] 2007).

1.1 Environmental Setting

The proposed route traverses both Crown‐owned lands and private lands. The Project lies within the Peace River Regional District in northeastern BC. Current land use for both private and Crown‐owned lands include agriculture, oil and gas activity, forestry, trapping and guide/outfitting activities. Outdoor recreation activities include: hunting, fishing and snowmobiling. Topography along the route is generally flat to gently rolling. Mountain Pine Beetle infested trees are present wherever pine stands occur along the Project.

In BC, the Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classification (BEC) System identifies Biogeoclimatic (BGC) Zones and Subzones. The proposed pipeline traverses the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone in the Peace Forest District of BC (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

The Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone is one of the largest zones in BC, covering approximately 10% of the province. This zone is subject to very short growing seasons. The winters are much longer and colder than in other parts of BC and the ground freezes deeply for a large part of the year. The most common tree species in this zone are white spruce (Picea glauca), trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides), lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta), black spruce (Picea mariana), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), tamarack (Larix laricina), subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa), paper birch (Betula papyrifera) and Alaska paper birch (Betula neoalaskana). Forests of variable successional stages are present in this zone, due to frequent forest fires (Meidinger and

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

Pojar 1991). The Project footprint crosses two subzones in the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone.

The Peace Moist Warm Subzone (Boreal White and Black Spruce mw1) of the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone is characterized by trembling aspen‐dominated forests. Balsam poplar and white spruce are common on wetter sites (DeLong et al. 1990). Distinguishing understory species in this subzone include: creamy peavine (Lathyrus ochroleucus); tall bluebells (Mertensia paniculata); northern bedstraw (Galium boreale) and common mitrewort (Mitella nuda) (Meidinger and Pojar 1991). Lodgepole pine may be present on drier poorer sites and black spruce is common on organic soils (DeLong et al. 1990).

The Murray Wet, Cool Subzone (Boreal White and Black Spruce wk1) of the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone is characterized by mature white spruce forests with minor amounts of black spruce on wetter, poorer sites and pure black spruce stands on very wet sites on organic soils. Lodgepole pine is the dominant seral species forming widespread forests, and trembling aspen is common as a seral species at lower elevations (DeLong et al. 1990). The presence of subalpine fir and black huckleberry (Vaccinium membranaceum) distinguish the wet cool subzone from the other subzones (Meidinger and Pojar 1991).

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1.2 Rare Plant Survey Objectives

A rare plant survey was conducted along segments of the proposed pipeline route traversing native vegetation that were not surveyed during the 2007 rare plant survey. Early season surveys were conducted from June 6 to 18, 2008. The main objectives of the surveys were to:

• identify rare plant species and rare ecological communities along the route as defined by the Species At Risk Act (SARA), the Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada (COSEWIC) or the BC Conservation Data Centre (CDC);

• identify unique features or sites on the proposed route that have a high potential to support rare plant species; and

• provide mitigation recommendations in the event that rare plants or rare ecological communities are observed.

Table 1 details the locations where rare plant surveys were conducted along the proposed route. The rare plant survey locations are also indicated on Figure 1.

TABLE 1

LOCATION OF RARE PLANT SURVEYS

KP Legal Location 0.0 to 14.2 a-96-E/93-P-8 to b-28-D/93-P-9 14.9 to 16.0 b-38-D/93-P-9 to b-48-D/93-P-9 17.7 to 21.3 3-1-76-17 W6M to 16-12-76-17 W6M 25.8 to 27.7 3-26-76-17 W6M to 13-26-76-17 W6M 29.4 to 36.1 1-2-77-17 W6M to 14-23-77-17 W6M 37.7 to 38.25 12-26-77-17 W6M to 16-27-77-17 W6M 41.5 to 43.2 5-3-78-17 W6M to 5-10-78-17 W6M 46.3 to 47.9 15-16-78-17 W6M to 10-21-78-17 W6M 50.95 to 51.4 2-32-78-17 W6M 52.2 to 53.5 10-32-78-17 W6M to 7-4-79-17 W6M 66.05 to 72.2 1-7-80-17 W6M to 6-25-80-18 W6M 72.8 to 73.1 11-25-80-18 W6M to 14-25-80-18 W6M 73.8 to 74.1 7-36-80-18 W6M 75.5 8-1-81-18 W6M 78.2 14-7-81-18 W6M 82.15 to 85.9 10-20-81-17 W6M to 6-33-81-17 W6M 86.8 to 87.5 3-4-82-17 W6M to 6-4-82-17 W6M 2.15 to 2.45 1-1-83-18 W6M

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

2.0 METHODS

Prior to the field assessment, a literature review was conducted to identify rare vascular plant species and rare ecological communities with potential to occur in the project area. Using 2008 data available from the BC CDC, COSEWIC and SARA, tables of potential rare vascular plant species (Appendix 1) and rare ecological communities (Appendix 2) were confirmed and updated from the 2007 versions (COSEWIC 2008, Environment Canada 2008). Definitions of rarity ranks and classes are included in the footnotes of the appendices.

Current rare vascular plant data was obtained from the BC CDC (BC CDC 2008a) by BGC Zone and Forest District (FD). All Red and Blue‐listed vascular plants in the BGC Zone and FD of the project were included in the table. Habitats were added using Douglas et al. (2002) and Douglas et al. (1998‐2002). The table was modified to include whether the known range and habitat of each plant is in the vicinity of the project. The range was based on the distribution maps in Douglas et al. (1998‐2002) and information from the BC CDC. Habitat decisions were made during the survey based on the habitat types present.

Current BC CDC rare ecological community data is provided by BGC Subzone and FD (BC CDC 2008a). All Red and Blue‐listed communities in the subzone and FD of the project were included. The table was modified to include whether the known range of the community is in the vicinity of the project. This was accomplished using the distribution maps of the component species and through personal communication with the BC CDC, if necessary.

None of the potential rare plant species or rare ecological communities in the Project area has a designation under COSEWIC or SARA. Records of known rare plant or rare ecological community occurrences within the vicinity of the Project were sought from the BC CDC (BC CDC 2008b). These results are included in Section 3.0.

Satellite images and field data from 2007 were reviewed in order to identify areas of potential habitat for rare plant species (seepage areas, riparian areas, under‐represented ecosystems).

Rare plant surveys were conducted based on established rare plant survey guidelines (Alberta Native Plant Council [ANPC] 2000, Penny and Klinkenberg 2007). Rare plant specialists walked each selected portion of the route, noted the dominant plant communities, noted all identifiable species and searched for rare plants and unique habitat. A purposeful meander technique was used to survey the 18‐25 m wide proposed right‐of‐way. At locations where potentially significant microsites were observed, more detailed searches were performed. Species nomenclature is according to the BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer (BC CDC 2008a) with more current taxonomic information drawn from NatureServe (2008a) when necessary.

A list of all species observed during the survey is provided as Appendix 3. In the event that a rare plant species is observed, a thorough search is conducted to determine the extent of the population. The population is mapped, a GPS location is recorded, photographs are taken, and a detailed BC CDC report form is completed and submitted. With the exception of SARA‐listed

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589 plant species, which are not collected barring possession of the appropriate permits or agreements, voucher specimens of rare plant species are collected following the 1:50 guideline put forth by ANPC (2006), (i.e., 1 specimen may be collected for every 50 observed). However, due to the importance of voucher specimens to the verification of rare plant observations, specimens may be collected under certain circumstances at the lower population numbers (i.e., 1 specimen may be collected for every 20 observed) suggested in the ANPC rare plant survey guidelines (ANPC 2000). Circumstances under which specimens may be collected from smaller populations include encountering a species that is difficult to identify by photograph alone, or instances when collection is not likely to adversely impact the continued reproductive success of the population, such as when numerous flowering individuals are encountered. Any plant species requiring verification is confirmed at the University of BC herbarium or by other established botanists.

In the event that a rare ecological community is observed, the community is mapped or marked on a satellite image and UTM co‐ordinates are recorded. A description of the site and vegetation is documented on BC CDC forms. A species list for a representative plot of the appropriate size (20 m x 20 m for forested, 10 m x 10 m for shrub‐dominated communities and 5 m x 5 m for grasslands) is recorded and percent cover for each species is estimated.

This survey does not address all rare nonvascular species (mosses, liverworts, lichens). However, if an identifiable rare nonvascular species is observed, the population will be assessed and reported in the same manner as a vascular species.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

3.0 KNOWN SPECIES OF CONCERN

There are no potential species listed for the Boreal White and Black Spruce BGC Zone that have a SARA or COSEWIC designation.

The BC CDC has two records of rare plant occurrences in the vicinity of the proposed pipeline. Meadow willow (Salix petiolaris) was observed on swampy ground along with black spruce, tamarack, willows and sedges (BC CDC 2008b). The proposed pipeline route traverses the polygon for this rare plant occurrence. Another occurrence in the vicinity of the proposed pipeline route is long‐leaved mugwort (Artemisia longifolia). This plant was observed in the vicinity of Taylor, BC near the Peace River. The polygon associated with this occurrence is approximately 500 m away from the proposed pipeline route (BC CDC 2008b).

The BC CDC reported no records of rare ecological communities in the Project area (BC CDC 2008b).

In the 2007 rare plant survey, one rare plant species was observed along the proposed route: small bedstraw (Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum). Mitigation for small bedstraw is detailed in the 2007 rare plant report (TERA 2007). Since the 2007 survey, the rank of small bedstraw (formerly an S2S3 and on the Blue‐list in BC) has been downlisted by the BC CDC to S4 and moved to the Yellow‐list (Penny pers. comm.). This is with the understanding that efforts will be made to protect any previously observed populations. Therefore, the population observed on the proposed route in 2007 will still need to be mitigated for.

4.0 RESULTS

Of the areas surveyed, the dominant vegetation community was a trembling aspen ‐ white spruce mixedwood community. In addition to the dominant trees, balsam poplar and lodgepole pine were often present in lesser amounts. The most prevalent understory species included: prickly rose; highbush‐cranberry; green alder; black twinberry; tall bluebells; creamy peavine; showy aster and dwarf red raspberry.

Many of the areas visited were isolated watercourse crossings. The communities surrounding these areas were often similar to the above‐described trembling aspen ‐ white spruce community. However, there was frequently an increased quantity of balsam poplar. The riparian vegetation directly adjacent to the creeks varied from location to location.

A few areas along the route, generally toward the southern end, were dominated by black spruce. Common understory species in these areas included: Labrador tea; velvet‐leaved blueberry; cloudberry; bunchberry; palmate‐leaved coltsfoot; lingonberry and sedges.

A list of all identifiable species observed at the time of survey is included in Appendix 3.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

4.1 Rare Plants

During the 2008 rare plant survey of the Project, two BC CDC listed rare plant species were observed. The rare plants observed were:

• riverbank anemone (Anemone virginiana var. cylindroidea) (S1); and

• northern bog bedstraw (Galium labradoricum) (S2S3) (requires confirmation).

The locations of these rare plant observations are mapped on Figure 2.

No BC CDC listed rare ecological communities were observed during the survey. No COSEWIC or SARA‐listed species were found during the survey.

4.1.1 Riverbank Anemone (S1)

Riverbank anemone (Anemone virginiana var. cylindroidea Boivin) is a 30‐100 cm tall perennial herb that occurs in gravel bars, streambanks and forests. The soft, hairy, basal leaves are divided into three segments which are coarsely toothed and lobed. Riverbank anemone also has several leaf‐like floral bracts (involucral bracts) with the lower set of bracts often resembling the basal leaves. The flowers are borne on long stalks and have five white to greenish petal‐like sepals. The fruits are small achenes with long woolly hairs (not feathery). Long stalked involucral bracts, the presence of a secondary involucre and the type and position of teeth along the leaf margin distinguish riverbank anemone from other similar species (Douglas et al. 1998‐2002). It is ranked S1 in BC and is on the Red‐list.

A population of 10 plants was observed in a 20 m x 10 m area in 1‐21‐78‐17 W6M at KP 47.0 (Plates 1 and 2). The observed population extends approximately 20 m east from the edge of an existing pipeline right‐of‐way. The population extends from approximately 20 m below the start of aspen woodland at the top of the slope, to 30 m below the start of aspen. The area where the plants were observed is on a slope toward the east bank of the southern Kiskatinaw River crossing.

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TWP. 77, RGE. 17 W6M 2008 OBSERVED RARE PLANT LOCATIONS

PROPOSED WESTCOAST ENERGY INC. SOUTH PEACE PIPELINE PROJECT

DATE PROJECT SHEET July 20085589 Figure 2A

SCALE: 1: 10,000

m 0 100 200 300 (All Locations Approximate)

Although there is no reason to believe that there are any errors associated with the data used to generate this product or in the product itself, users of these data are advised that errors in the data may be present.

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Plate 1 Close up of riverbank anemone at KP 47.0 in 1‐21‐78‐17 W6M (June 10, 2008).

Plate 2 View west of riverbank anemone habitat at KP 47.0 in 1‐21‐78‐17 W6M (June 10, 2008).

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

4.1.2 Northern Bog Bedstraw (S2S3)

Northern bog bedstraw (Galium labradoricum Weig.) is a slender perennial herb growing 10‐30 cm tall. It has 2‐5 cm long, narrow leaves which are roughened on the margins and are arranged in whorls of four around the stem. Flowers are white, 2 mm across, and occur in threes at the ends of branches. The fruit is smooth and 1‐2 mm long. Northern bog bedstraw grows in marshy ground, moist woods and bogs (Moss 1983). In BC, this plant is ranked S2S3 and is on the Blue‐list.

Several potential populations of northern bog bedstraw were observed in NE 27‐77‐17 W6M (KP 38.3), NW 23‐77‐17 W6M (KP 35.8) and SW 23‐77‐17 W6M (KP 35.25) (Plate 3). The identification of this species could not be positively confirmed since the plants were not in flower at the time of the survey.

Plate 3 Potential northern bog bedstraw population at KP 38.3 in NE 27‐77‐17 W6M (June 11, 2008).

4.2 Rare Ecological Communities

No rare ecological communities were observed along the proposed route.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

5.0 DISCUSSION AND MITIGATION RECOMMENDATIONS

It is recommended that an additional survey be conducted to collect additional information regarding the species as described below and to search for any late‐flowering species that may occur along the proposed right‐of‐way.

5.1 Riverbank Anemone (S1)

Due to the ranking of the riverbank anemone (S1), complete protection is preferred. There are several options recommended:

• bore/drill the entire slope and utilize the existing shoo‐fly for access along the right‐of‐way;

• reroute the pipeline to the west side of the existing pipeline (currently being paralleled on the east side); and

• reroute the pipeline further east to avoid the population. This option would isolate the plants between two disturbances and may reduce the fitness of the population.

In order to determine the most appropriate mitigation, this site is recommended to be revisited during mid‐August. The late survey would allow the extent of the population to be confirmed and would aid in determining the most appropriate mitigation option.

5.2 Northern Bog Bedstraw (S2S3)

Several potential populations of northern bog bedstraw were observed on the proposed right‐of‐way. The identification of this species could not be positively confirmed since these plants were not in flower at the time of the survey. It is recommended that these potential populations be revisited during mid‐August to confirm their identification, determine the extent of the populations and, if necessary, to determine the most appropriate mitigation option.

If species presence is confirmed during the mid‐August survey, proposed mitigation would likely include returning the landscape to its original contours in order to maintain similar hydrological function in the area. Since the populations observed were extensive, and only a small portion of each population will be impacted by the proposed pipeline, by restoring habitat, the population would likely recolonize disturbed areas.

5.3 Ecological Communities

Since no rare ecological communities were observed during the survey, no specific mitigation is warranted to address ecological community issues along the proposed pipeline route.

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

6.0 REFERENCES

6.1 Personal Communications

Penny, J. Program Botanist. BC Conservation Data Centre. Vancouver, BC.

6.2 Literature Cited

Alberta Native Plant Council. 2000. ANPC Guidelines for Rare Plant Surveys in Alberta. Website: http://www.anpc.ab.ca/assets/rareplant.pdf.

Alberta Native Plant Council. 2006. Plant Collection Guidelines for Researchers, Students and Consultants. Website: http://www.anpc.ab.ca/assets/researchers_students.pdf.

Argus, G.W. and K.M. Pryer. 1990. Rare Vascular Plants in Canada. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa.

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2008a. BC Species and Ecosystems Explorer. Ministries of Sustainable Resource Management and Water, Land and Air Protection. Website: http://srmapps.gov.bc.ca/apps/eswp.

British Columbia Conservation Data Centre. 2008b. Conservation Data Centre Mapping Service. Website: http://maps.gov.bc.ca/imf50/imf.jsp?site=cdc. Accessed: May 23, 3008.

Committee on the Status of Endangered Wildlife in Canada. 2008. Canadian species at risk. Website: http://www.cosewic.gc.ca/eng/sct5/index_e.cfm.

DeLong, C., A. MacKinnon and L. Jang. 1990. A Field Guide for Identification and Interpretation of Ecosystems of the Northeast Portion of the Prince George Forest Region. Land Management Handbook No. 22. Research Branch, BC Ministry of Forests. Victoria, BC.

Douglas, G., (G.B. Straley), D. Meidinger and J. Pojar. 1998‐2002. Illustrated Flora of British Columbia. Volumes 1‐8. Ministry of Sustainable Resource Management and Ministry of Forests. Province of British Columbia.

Douglas, G.W., D. Meidinger and J.L. Penny. 2002. Rare Native Vascular Plants of British Columbia. 2nd Edition. Province of British Columbia.

Environment Canada. 2008. Species at Risk. Website: http://www.speciesatrisk.gc.ca/search/default_e.cfm.

Hitchcock, C.L. and A. Cronquist. 1973. Flora of the Pacific Northwest. University of Washington Press. Seattle, Washington.

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Meidinger D. and J. Pojar. 1991. Ecosystems of British Columbia. Special Report Series No. 6. Research Branch and Forest Sciences Section of the BC Ministry of Forests. Victoria, BC.

Moss, E.H. 1983. Flora of Alberta. Second Edition. Revised by J.G. Packer. University of Toronto Press. Toronto, Ontario. 687 pp.

NatureServe. 2008a. NatureServe Explorer ‐ An Online Encyclopedia of Life. Website: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/index.htm.

NatureServe. 2008b. Heritage Status: Global, National and Subnational Conservation Status Ranks. Website: http://www.natureserve.org/explorer/ranking.htm.

Penny, J. and R. Klinkenberg. 2007. Protocols for Rare Vascular Plant Surveys. Website: http://www.eflora.bc.ca/.

TERA Environmental Consultants. 2007. Rare plant Survey for the Proposed Westcoast Energy Inc. South Peace Pipeline Project. Prepared for Westcoast Energy Inc. carrying on business as Spectra Energy Transmission. February 2008.

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APPENDIX 1

POTENTIAL RARE VASCULAR PLANT SPECIES IN THE BOREAL WHITE AND BLACK SPRUCE BIOGEOCLIMATIC ZONE

Preferred Right-of-Way Habitat on within Known Proposed Provincial Federal/Global Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Species Range Right-of-Way Designations Designations Alopecurus alpinus alpine meadow-foxtail Moist calcareous rocks. y --- S1S31, --- Red2 Anemone canadensis Canada anemone Moist meadows and forest y y S2S31, --- openings. Blue2 Anemone virginiana riverbank anemone Moist to mesic sites. y y Red2 --- var. cylindroidea Arabis lignifera woody-branched Mesic to dry forests. y y S2S31, --- rockcress Blue2 Arabis sparsiflora sickle-pod rockcress Mesic grasslands, riverbanks y y Red2 --- and disturbed areas. Arnica chamissonis meadow arnica Wet meadows. y y S2S31, G5T3T53 ssp. incana Blue2 Page Artemisia longifolia long-leaved mugwort Eroded slopes and dry saline y --- S21, --- plains. Red2 17 Atriplex nuttallii Nuttall's orache Dry slopes. y y Red2 --- Calamagrostis plains reedgrass Dry slopes and open forests. y y S31, --- montanensis Blue2 Carex bicolor two-coloured sedge Moist to wet meadows and --- y S2S31, --- shorelines. Blue2 Carex scoparia pointed broom sedge Mesic meadows, shorelines and --- y S2S31, --- open forests. Blue2 Carex torreyi Torrey's sedge Meadows and moist woods. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Carex xerantica dry-land sedge Dry slopes and open forests. y y S21, --- Red2 Chenopodium hians Hian`s goosefoot Open, dry or moist areas. y y S21, --- Red2 Chrysosplenium Iowa golden-saxifrage Streambanks and marshy sites. --- y S2S31, G3?3 iowense Blue2 Cicuta virosa European water- Wet sites. y y S2S31, G4G5 hemlock Blue2 Cirsium drummondii Drummond's thistle Moist open fields. y y Red2 --- Draba cinerea gray-leaved draba Dry meadows and cliffs. y y S2S31, --- Blue2

APPENDIX 1 Contʹd

Preferred Right-of-Way Habitat on within Known Proposed Provincial Federal/Global Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Species Range Right-of-Way Designations Designations Galium labradoricum northern bog bedstraw Marshy ground, moist woods, y y S2S31, --- bogs. Blue2 Glyceria pulchella slender manna grass Ponds and ditches. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Gymnocarpium Nahanni oak fern Moist, cool, shale talus slopes. ------S31, G5T4 jessoense ssp. Blue2 parvulum Helianthus nuttallii var. Nuttall's sunflower Wet to moist sites in lowland y y Red2 --- nuttallii areas. Helictotrichon hookeri spike-oat Dry sites. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Juncus arcticus ssp. arctic rush Tidal flats and wet meadows. ------S2S31, --- alaskanus Blue2 Lomatium fennel-leaved desert- Dry open slopes. y y Red2 --- Page foeniculaceum var. parsley foeniculaceum 18 Luzula nivalis Arctic wood-rush Imperfectly drained areas around --- y S2S31, --- pond margins, marshes and Blue2 streams. Luzula rufescens rusty wood-rush Dry to mesic, open forests and y y S2S31, --- forest margins. Blue2 Oxytropis campestris davis' locoweed Mesic to dry meadows, gravel y y S31, G5T33 var. davisii bars, forest openings, turfy heath Blue2 and tundra from the montane to alpine zones. Penstemon gracilis slender penstemon Moist prairie grasslands, sandy y --- S21, --- or rocky soil. Red2 Pinguicula villosa hairy butterwort Sphagnum bogs. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Piptatherum canadense Canada ryegrass Dry, nutrient-poor, sandy or y y Red2 --- rocky soils, where vegetation is sparse or has openings created by frequent disturbance. Polemonium boreale northern Jacob's-ladder Mesic to dry meadows and rock y y S2S31, --- outcrops. Blue2

APPENDIX 1 Contʹd

Preferred Right-of-Way Habitat on within Known Proposed Provincial Federal/Global Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Species Range Right-of-Way Designations Designations Polemonium western Jacob's-ladder Wet to moist swamps, y y S2S31, G5?T5?3 occidentale ssp. streambanks, meadows and Blue2 occidentale thickets. Polygala senega Seneca-snakeroot Moist to mesic grassy sites. --- y Red2 G4G5 Polypodium sibiricum Siberian polypody Dry to mesic rocks. y --- Red2 G5?3 Prenanthes racemosa purple rattlesnake-root Dry sites. --- y Red2 G5T4?3 ssp. multiflora Pyrola elliptica white wintergreen Dry to moist forests. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Ranunculus heart-leaved buttercup Moist to mesic opening and y y Red2 --- cardiophyllus meadows. Ranunculus pedatifidus birdfoot buttercup Moist meadows. y y S2S31, --- ssp. affinis Blue2 Ranunculus prairie buttercup Dry grasslands and open forests. y y Red2 --- Page rhomboideus 1

19 Rosa arkansana var. Arkansas rose Open hills and edges of lakes y y S2S3 , --- arkansana and streams. Blue2 Rumex arcticus Arctic dock Moist to wet sites. --- y S31, --- Blue2 Salix petiolaris meadow willow Wet thickets. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Salix serissima autumn willow Wet thickets, slough margins, y y S2S31, G4 meadows and fens. Blue2 Sarracenia purpurea common pitcher-plant Bogs and fens. y y S2S31, --- ssp. gibbosa Blue2 Scolochloa festucacea rivergrass Ponds, marshes, lakeshores and y y S21, --- streambanks. Red2 Selaginella rupestris rock selaginella Dry grassy ridges. --- y Red2 --- Senecio congestus marsh fleabane Marshes, ponds and ditches. y y S1S31, --- Red2 Senecio plattensis plains butterweed Dry, open forests. y y S2S31, --- Blue2 Silene drummondii var. Drummond's campion Sagebrush slopes to alpine y --- S31, --- drummondii ridges. Blue2 Sphenopholis slender wedgegrass Moist stream and lake margins, y y S31, --- intermedia meadows and hot springs. Blue2

APPENDIX 1 Contʹd

Preferred Right-of-Way Habitat on within Known Proposed Provincial Federal/Global Scientific Name Common Name Habitat Species Range Right-of-Way Designations Designations Stuckenia vaginata sheathing pondweed Lakes. ------S2S31, --- Blue2 Utricularia ochroleuca ochroleucous Oligotrophic and dystrophic ------S2S31, G4?3 bladderwort lakes. Blue2 Sources: Argus and Pryer 1990; BC CDC 2008a,b; COSEWIC 2008; Douglas et al. 2002,1998-2001; Environment Canada 2008; Hitchcock and Cronquist 1973; NatureServe 2008b Notes: 1. Provincial (S) ranks are assigned by the provincial and federal Conservation Data Centre(s); in cases of conflict or missing data, the provincial CDC will have preference. Ranks range from 1 (five or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions); all definitions below are from NatureServe 2008b. S1 = Critically Imperilled: because of extreme rarity or because of some factor(s) making it especially vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 5 or fewer occurrences or very few remaining individuals (<1,000). S2 = Imperilled: because of rarity or because of some factor(s) making it very vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 6-20 occurrences or few remaining Page individuals (1,000-3,000).

20 S3 = Vulnerable: because rare and uncommon, or found in a restricted range (even if abundant at some locations), or because of other factors making it vulnerable to extirpation. Typically 21-100 occurrences or between 3,000 and 10,000 individuals. S4 = Apparently Secure: uncommon but not rare, and usually widespread in the province. Possible cause of long-term concern. Usually more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S5 = Secure: common, widespread, and abundant in the province. Essentially ineradicable under present conditions. Typically with considerably more than 100 occurrences and more than 10,000 individuals. S#S# = Range Rank: a numeric range rank (e.g., S2S3) is used to indicate the range of uncertainty about the exact status of the element. ? = Inexact numeric rank: denotes inexact numeric rank. Q = Questionable taxonomy: taxonomic status is questionable; numeric rank may change with taxonomy. T = Designates a rank associated with a subspecies. NR = Unranked: rank not yet assessed. 2. BC Provincial List (BC CDC 2008a). Only Red and Blue-list designations are displayed. Red-List: Includes species that have been legally designated as endangered or threatened under the Wildlife Act; are extirpated; or are candidates for such designation. Blue-List: Includes species not immediately threatened but of concern because of characteristics that make them particularly sensitive to human activities or natural events. 3. Global (G) ranks are based on species status world-wide and follow a system parallel to that for Provincial Ranks (Note 1), ranging from 1 (5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably secure under present conditions). Only Global Ranks of concern (G1 to G3) or questionable ranks are displayed (NatureServe 2008b).

Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

APPENDIX 2

POTENTIAL NATURAL PLANT COMMUNITIES AT RISK IN THE BOREAL WHITE AND BLACK SPRUCE BGC ZONE

Right-of-Way Within Community BC BC Scientific Name Common Name Range Rank1 Status2 BGC Zone3 FOREST / WOODLAND Juncus arcticus - Puccinellia Arctic rush - Nuttall's alkaligrass - yes S2 Red BWBSmw1/00 nuttalliana - Suaeda calceoliformis seablite Muhlenbergia richardsonis - Juncus mat muhly - Arctic rush - Nevada --- S2 Red BWBSmw1/00 arcticus - Poa secunda ssp. juncifolia bluegrass Picea glauca / Ribes triste / white spruce / red swamp currant / yes S3 Blue BWBSmw1/05 Gymnocarpium dryopteris oak fern Picea glauca / Ribes triste / white spruce / red swamp currant / yes S3 Blue BWBSmw1/06; Mertensia paniculata tall bluebells BWBSwk1/05; BWBSwk2/05 Picea glauca / Vaccinium white spruce / black huckleberry / yes S3 Blue BWBSwk1/01; membranaceum / Hylocomium step moss BWBSwk2/01; splendens BWBSwk3/01 Populus balsamifera (ssp. (balsam poplar, black cottonwood) yes S2 Red BWBSdk1/ 12; balsamifera, ssp. trichocarpa) - Picea - spruces / red-osier dogwood BWBSdk1/Fm02; spp. / Cornus stolonifera BWBSmw1/09; BWBSmw1/Fm02; ICHwk4/10; ICHwk4/Fm02; SBSdk/08;SBSwk1/13; SBSwk1/Fm02 Source: BC CDC 2008a Notes: 1. Provincial (S#) ratings range from 1 (critically imperilled, 5 or fewer occurrences) to 5 (demonstrably widespread, abundant, and secure). 2. Species are assigned to one of six provincial lists depending on their Subnational Conservation Status. RED = Plant communities in the wild of BC which either no longer exist, face imminent extirpation or extinction, or are likely to become endangered if limiting factors are not reversed. BLUE = Includes indigenous plant communities of BC considered at risk, (i.e., having characteristics making them sensitive or vulnerable to human activities or natural events). 3. Indicates the BGC unit(s) and subzones in which each plant community is known to occur. Meidinger and Pojar 1991, BC Ministry of Forests and Range 2004. ESSF (Engelmann Spruce - Subalpine Fir); BWBS (Boreal White and Black Spruce); SWB (Spruce - Willow - Birch); SBS (Sub-Boreal Spruce) Precipitation: d (dry); m (moist); w (wet); Climate: w (warm); k (cool); c (cold); v (very cold) /nn Ministry of Forests site series Classification (00 = not classified but recognized)

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APPENDIX 3

OBSERVED PLANT SPECIES – BY TYPE AND COMMON NAME

Common Name Scientific Name TREES balsam poplar Populus balsamifera ssp. balsamifera black spruce Picea mariana lodgepole pine Pinus contorta var. latifolia paper birch Betula papyrifera subalpine fir Abies lasiocarpa var. lasiocarpa tamarack Larix laricina trembling aspen Populus tremuloides white spruce Picea glauca SHRUBS Alaska paper birch Betula neoalaskana Bebb's willow Salix bebbiana bilberry willow Salix myrtillifolia birch-leaved spirea Spiraea betulifolia ssp. lucida black twinberry Lonicera involucrata choke cherry Prunus virginiana devil's club Oplopanax horridus green alder Alnus viridis ssp. crispa highbush-cranberry Viburnum edule Labrador tea Ledum groenlandicum low birch Betula pumila var. glandulifera Mackenzie willow Salix prolixa meadow willow Salix petiolaris mountain alder Alnus incana ssp. tenuifolia narrow-leaf willow Salix exigua northern blackcurrant Ribes hudsonianum northern gooseberry Ribes oxyacanthoides pin cherry Prunus pensylvanica prickly rose Rosa acicularis pyramid spirea Spiraea pyramidata red raspberry Rubus idaeus ssp. strigosus red swamp currant Ribes triste red-osier dogwood Cornus stolonifera saskatoon Amelanchier alnifolia scrub birch Betula nana silverberry Elaeagnus commutata skunk currant Ribes glandulosum soopolallie Shepherdia canadensis thimbleberry Rubus parviflorus var. parviflorus water birch Betula occidentalis western mountain-ash Sorbus scopulina western snowberry Symphoricarpos occidentalis willow species Salix sp. FORBS, DWARF SHRUBS American dragonhead Dracocephalum parviflorum American milk-vetch Astragalus americanus American speedwell Veronica beccabunga var. americana

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APPENDIX 3 Contʹd

Common Name Scientific Name American vetch Vicia americana arrow-leaved coltsfoot Petasites sagittatus baneberry Actaea rubra blue columbine Aquilegia brevistyla blue lettuce Lactuca tatarica ssp. pulchella blueberry species Vaccinium sp. bluejoint reedgrass Calamagrostis canadensis blunt-fruited sweet-cicely Osmorhiza depauperata blunt-leaved sandwort Moehringia lateriflora bog cranberry Oxycoccus oxycoccos boreal starwort Stellaria borealis bunchberry Cornus canadensis Canada goldenrod Solidago canadensis Canada violet Viola canadensis var. rugulosa celery-leaved buttercup Ranunculus sceleratus cinquefoil species Potentilla sp. cloudberry Rubus chamaemorus common cattail Typha latifolia common horsetail Equisetum arvense common mare's-tail Hippuris vulgaris common mitrewort Mitella nuda common silverweed Potentilla anserina cow-parsnip Heracleum maximum creamy peavine Lathyrus ochroleucus crowberry Empetrum nigrum curled dock Rumex crispus cut-leaved anemone Anemone multifida dryland ragwort Senecio eremophilus ssp. eremophilus dwarf red raspberry Rubus pubescens var. pubescens dwarf scouring-rush Equisetum scirpoides early blue violet Viola adunca var. adunca enchanter's-nightshade Circaea alpina fairy-slipper Calypso bulbosa false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum racemosum ssp. amplexicaule false toad-flax Geocaulon lividum field chickweed Cerastium arvense field pussytoes Antennaria neglecta fireweed Epilobium angustifolium floating marsh-marigold Caltha natans foliose oxytrope Oxytropis deflexa glaucous-leaved honeysuckle Lonicera dioica var. glaucescens golden corydalis Corydalis aurea great northern aster Aster modestus ground-cedar Diphasiastrum complanatum heart-leaved Alexanders Zizia aptera heart-leaved arnica Arnica cordifolia heart-leaved twayblade Listera cordata hemlock water-parsnip Sium suave

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APPENDIX 3 Contʹd

Common Name Scientific Name Hooker's fairybells Prosartes hookeri var. oregana kidney-leaved buttercup Ranunculus abortivus kidney-leaved violet Viola renifolia kinnikinnick Arctostaphylos uva-ursi kneeling angelica Angelica genuflexa Lapland buttercup Ranunculus lapponicus large round-leaved rein orchid Platanthera orbiculata large-leaved avens Geum macrophyllum Lindley's aster Aster ciliolatus lingonberry Vaccinium vitis-idaea locoweed species Oxytropis sp. long-bracted frog orchid Coeloglossum viride var. virescens long-stalked starwort Stellaria longipes lousewort species Pedicularis sp. marsh cinquefoil Comarum palustre marsh horsetail Equisetum palustre marsh speedwell Veronica scutellata marsh valerian Valeriana dioica ssp. sylvatica marsh violet Viola palustris var. palustris meadow horsetail Equisetum pratense milk-vetch species Astragalus sp. moschatel Adoxa moschatellina mountain blue-eyed-grass Sisyrinchium montanum mouse-ear chickweed Cerastium fontanum ssp. triviale nagoonberry Rubus arcticus ssp. acaulis northern bedstraw Galium boreale northern bog violet Viola nephrophylla northern fairy-candelabra Androsace septentrionalis northern golden-saxifrage Chrysosplenium tetrandrum northern starflower Trientalis europaea ssp. arctica Nuttall's pussytoes Antennaria parvifolia oak fern Gymnocarpium dryopteris one-leaved rein orchid Platanthera obtusata ssp. obtusata one-sided wintergreen Orthilia secunda ostrich fern Matteuccia struthiopteris paintbrush species Castilleja sp. Pennsylvania buttercup Ranunculus pensylvanicus Pennsylvanian bitter-cress Cardamine pensylvanica pink wintergreen Pyrola asarifolia prairie sagewort Artemisia frigida rattlesnake fern Botrychium virginianum Richardson's pondweed Potamogeton richardsonii riverbank anemone Anemone virginiana var. cylindroidea rosy pussytoes Antennaria rosea rough-fruited fairybells Prosartes trachycarpa scouring-rush Equisetum hyemale ssp. affine shore buttercup Ranunculus cymbalaria showy aster Aster conspicuus

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APPENDIX 3 Contʹd

Common Name Scientific Name showy locoweed Oxytropis splendens Siberian yarrow Achillea sibirica silky phacelia Phacelia sericea small bedstraw Galium trifidum ssp. trifidum small yellow water-buttercup Ranunculus gmelinii spiny wood fern Dryopteris expansa spotted coralroot Corallorhiza maculata spreading dogbane Apocynum androsaemifolium star-flowered false Solomon's-seal Maianthemum stellatum stiff club-moss Lycopodium annotinum stinging nettle Urtica dioica striped coralroot Corallorhiza striata var. striata swamp horsetail Equisetum fluviatile sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus var. frigidus sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus var. nivalis sweet coltsfoot Petasites frigidus var. palmatus sweet-scented bedstraw Galium triflorum tall bluebells Mertensia paniculata tall larkspur Delphinium glaucum touch-me-not species Impatiens sp. twinflower Linnaea borealis veiny meadowrue Thalictrum venulosum velvet-leaved blueberry Vaccinium myrtilloides water avens Geum rivale water-starwort species Callitriche sp. western dock Rumex aquaticus var. fenestratus western meadowrue Thalictrum occidentale wild lily-of-the-valley Maianthemum canadense wild sarsaparilla Aralia nudicaulis wild strawberry Fragaria virginiana willow dock Rumex salicifolius wood horsetail Equisetum sylvaticum yarrow Achillea millefolium yellow coralroot Corallorhiza trifida yellow cress species Rorippa sp. GRASSES, SEDGES AND RUSHES alpine rush Juncus alpinoarticulatus Baltic rush Juncus balticus beaked sedge Carex utriculata bentgrass species Agrostis sp. common spike-rush Eleocharis palustris common sweetgrass Hierochloe hirta ssp. arctica Falkland Island sedge Carex macloviana false melic Schizachne purpurascens foxtail barley Hordeum jubatum fuzzy-spiked wildrye Leymus innovatus golden sedge Carex aurea hairlike sedge Carex capillaris

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Westcoast Energy Inc. July 2008 Supplemental Rare Plant Survey 5589

APPENDIX 3 Contʹd

Common Name Scientific Name inland sedge Carex interior Kentucky bluegrass Poa pratensis little meadow-foxtail Alopecurus aequalis many-flowered wood-rush Luzula multiflora meadow sedge Carex praticola northern mannagrass Glyceria borealis Peck's sedge Carex peckii poor sedge Carex magellanica ssp. irrigua rough-leaved ricegrass Oryzopsis asperifolia rush species Juncus sp. Scandinavian sedge Carex media Scheuchzer's cotton-grass Eriophorum scheuchzeri sheathed cotton-grass Eriophorum vaginatum ssp. vaginatum small-flowered bulrush Scirpus microcarpus small-flowered wood-rush Luzula parviflora smooth brome Bromus inermis ssp. Pumpellianus soft-leaved sedge Carex disperma tall mannagrass Glyceria elata water sedge Carex aquatilis wildrye Elymus sp. MOSSES, LIVERWORTS AND LICHENS hornwort Ceratophyllum demersum yellow reindeer lichen Cladina mitis grey reindeer lichen Cladina rangiferina step moss Hylocomium splendens green-tongue liverwort Marchantia polymorpha peat moss Sphagnum sp.

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