DOCSLIB.ORG

Case Studies

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Case Studies Case Studies VII Networks, Club Goods, and Partnerships for Sustainability: The Green Power Market Development Group Liliana B. Andonoa Colby College Introduction Multi-stakeholder partnerships are now a significant domain of envi- ronmental governance.1 Over a period of the last 10-15 years, the number of environmental partnerships, involving a variety of corporate, advocacy, public, or local actors have skyrocketed. This phenomenon is furthermore broad and diverse. There are several large international programs that either support or showcase hundreds of partnerships. The World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) and subsequently the United Nations Commission on Sustainable Development (CSD) have endorsed and reg- istered over 330 partnerships for sustainable development.2 The United Nations Fund for International Partnerships supported 140 environmental partnership projects between 1998 and 2005.3 The Global Environmental Facility (GEF) through its Small Grants Program has financed over 9,000 multi-stakeholder projects at the local level for climate change, biodiversity, land degradation, international waters, and persistent organic pollutants.4 The SEED Partnership and the Equator Initiative, in turn, have held annual I am grateful to Alexander Perera and Robert Heilmayr from the WRI for discussing with me the history and experience of GPMDG and facilitating contact with member companies; as well as to Lars Lundahl, Tetra Pak, and Dan Usas, Johnson & Johnson, for sharing insights from the experience of their companies with GPMDG and green power. Steve Erario provided timely and detailed research assistance, for which I am much obliged. All analysis, interpreta- tion of data, and arguments expressed in the report are that of the author. http://webapps01.un.org/dsd/partnerships/public/welcome.do. http://www.un.org/unfip/YPAEnironment.htm. http://sgp.undp.org/index.cfm?module=ActieWeb&page=WebPage&s=IntheSpotlight. 65 66 ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENEss OF SUSTAINABILITY PARTNERshIps or bi-annual competitions and awards for grass-roots partnerships, draw- ing hundreds of applications from around the world.5 In parallel, many prominent non-governmental organizations and associations such as the World Economic Forum, the World Business Council for Sustainable Devel- opment, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Clinton Foundation, the World Resources Institute, the World Wildlife Fund for Nature, the World Conservation Union, and others have announced multi-stakeholder partnerships for sustainability. And this is only the tip of the partnership iceberg in a sea of 21st-century governance options. How is the academic community to approach a subject of sustainability governance so amorphous, seemingly unbounded, and rapidly evolving? So far, there have been a number of case studies of multi-stakeholder partner- ships, highlighting their functional advantages as a mode of governance (Kaul 2005; Reinicke 1999; Reinicke and Deng 2000). The WSSD partner- ships have also drawn a fair amount of analysis, some of which examine with greater scrutiny the characteristics of partnership entrepreneurs, and issues of legitimacy and accountability (Andonova 2006a; Andonova and Levy 2003; Hale and Mauzerall 2004; Witte et al. 2003). There has been little effort, however, to link research projects in order to address important cross-cutting questions about the diverse origins and structures of partner- ships, and the mechanisms through which they influence (or fail to influ- ence) sustainability. Detailed and comparative analysis of the impacts and effectiveness of partnerships is in particularly short supply. Indicative of the fragmentation of research are the many terms used to conceptualize partnerships as a governance phenomenon: “public policy networks” (Reinicke 1999), “multi-sectoral networks” (Benner, Reinicke, and Witte 2003), “learning networks” (Ruggie 2002), and public-private institutions (Andonova 2006a). Each of these concepts emphasizes a some- what different aspect in the functions of partnerships as well as the com- monality of their network structure. More recently, Andonova, Betsill, and Bulkeley (2007) have proposed a broader framework for conceptualizing network governance and a typology to facilitate a more systematic exami- nation of its role in transnational climate change politics. The typology is particularly useful for the purposes of the present study since it distin- guishes between governance networks on the basis of two criteria: the types of actors involved in the network and its primary function. In terms of stakeholder participation, three network types are identified: largely “private networks” (e.g., where members are non-state actors), “public net- works” (involving a variety of public organizations across jurisdictions and scales), and “hybrid networks” (in which both governmental and non-state actors participate). In terms of functional focus, the typology distinguishes See http://www.seedinit.org/ and http://www.undp.org/equatorinitiatie/. ThE GREEN POWER MARKET DEVELOPMENT GROUP 6 between “information sharing,” “capacity building and implementation,” or “rule-setting” networks on the basis of their primary governance objec- tive, while also recognizing that a single network could involve several of these functions (Andonova, Betsill, and Bulkeley 2007). This study uses the concept of “multi-stakeholder partnerships,” which is the one most widely employed in the policy literature and practice. Part- nerships are defined as governance networks based on voluntary agreements between actors representing at least two different sectors (business, govern- ment, or non-profit), which steer its membership to act by establishing a common a set of norms, rules, practices of information and capacity diffu- sion, and implementation procedures. Partnerships can be thus described as agreements of the willing, establishing flexible, network-based systems of governance in areas of common interest. The partnership examined in this report, the Green Power Market Development Group (GPMDG), exemplifies a particular type of governance network in terms of the typology discussed above. Structurally, it fits the category of “private networks” as it involves collaboration among private (in the sense of non-state) actors—large commercial companies and a non- profit environmental think tank. The primary functional objective of the partnership is the implementation of a specific sustainability good, green power, which is also supported through information diffusion and learning functions. The report advances the argument that this particular type of partnership network is well suited to provide a set of sustainability “club goods” for its members in terms of supporting their capacity to implement sustainable outcomes by leveraging knowledge and other resources. The voluntary, non-hierarchical nature of the organization facilitates member inputs and the tailoring of the “club goods” to the collective and indi- vidual needs of participants. It thus facilitates collective action and self- enforcement of partnership goals. At the same time, these “club goods” are intended to support broader societal and public objectives, in the specific instance of GPMDG—increasing the share of renewable energy in U.S. energy markets as a means of addressing global climate change and other environmental externalities associated with the burning of fossil fuels. The case study examines the organizational characteristics of this particular partnership type, its results, and the factors which contributed to its suc- cess in linking multiple interests and sources of information to advance the implementation of renewable technologies. The report proceeds as follows. The first section provides a background of the GPMDG partnership. The analysis then examines the incentives of its main stakeholders to engage in a network of learning and the provision of sustainability goods. The structure and internal governance of GPMDG is then discussed, providing a basis for illuminating some of the similarities and differences between this and other types of multi-stakeholder networks, 6 ENHANCING THE EFFECTIVENEss OF SUSTAINABILITY PARTNERshIps as well as a comparison with other, non-network-based institutions for link- ing science, technology, and environmental practice. The section on imple- mentation examines the outcomes of GPMDG and seeks to identify through counterfactual analysis the partnership impacts on social processes, and the ways in which these impacts were facilitated by the multi-stakeholder structure. An assessment of the comparative advantages and disadvantages of the club-goods model of partnerships is followed by a conclusion on possible directions for future research. Context The GPMDG initiative was launched in 2000 by the World Resources Institute (WRI), a non-profit environmental organization, in cooperation with 10 U.S. corporations—Alcoa Inc.; Cargill Dow, LLC; Delphi Cor- poration; DuPont; General Motors; IBM; Interface; Johnson & Johnson; Kinko’s, Inc.; and Pitney Bowes. The main goal of the partnership was to engage major commercial consumers of energy in the development of green power markets.6 The concept of “green power” was summarized as “both renewable and clean energy sources that are commonly accepted as having a relatively low impact on human, animal, and ecosystem health.”7 The net- work established as its central objective to provide a specific good: “1,000 megawatts of new, cost-competitive green power by 2010 in
Load more

Recommended publications
  • True Confessions, End Papers and the Dakar Conference
    Hermann Giliomee True Confessions, End Papers and Hermann Giliomee was Professor of the Dakar conference: A review of Political Studies at the University of Cape Town and is presently Professor the political arguments Extraordinary at the History Department, University of Stellenbosch. E-mail: [email protected] True Confessions, End Papers and the Dakar conference: A review of the political arguments As a social critic Breyten Breytenbach published two books of political commentary and political analysis during the mid-1980s without the opportunity of engaging with commentators at home. While True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist is part autobiography and part searing comment on prison life, End Papers is a more detached dissection of the major political and cultural issues confronting South Africa. Breytenbach was now one of the respected international voices on the political crisis in South Africa. The violent break-up of apartheid had changed Breytenbach’s social criticism. In the place of the earlier rejection and denunciation had come a willingness to engage and reason with his audience. The Dakar conference of 1987, which Breytenbach co-organised, offered an ideal opportunity for this. The conference was given wide publicity and was seen by some as the catalyst that broke the ice for the negotiations between the government and the ANC two and a half years later. Key words: Afrikaans literature, Dakar conference, National Party, African National Congress, South Africa, violence, negotiations. Introduction Shortly after being released from jail in 1982 Breyten Breytenbach published two non-fiction books, The True Confessions of an Albino Terrorist (1984) and End Papers (1986).
    [Show full text]
  • PRENEGOTIATION Ln SOUTH AFRICA (1985 -1993) a PHASEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS of the TRANSITIONAL NEGOTIATIONS
    PRENEGOTIATION lN SOUTH AFRICA (1985 -1993) A PHASEOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE TRANSITIONAL NEGOTIATIONS BOTHA W. KRUGER Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts at the University of Stellenbosch. Supervisor: ProfPierre du Toit March 1998 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it at any university for a degree. Signature: Date: The fmancial assistance of the Centre for Science Development (HSRC, South Africa) towards this research is hereby acknowledged. Opinions expressed and conclusions arrived at, are those of the author and are not necessarily to be attributed to the Centre for Science Development. Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za OPSOMMING Die opvatting bestaan dat die Suid-Afrikaanse oorgangsonderhandelinge geinisieer is deur gebeurtenisse tydens 1990. Hierdie stuC.:ie betwis so 'n opvatting en argumenteer dat 'n noodsaaklike tydperk van informele onderhandeling voor formele kontak bestaan het. Gedurende die voorafgaande tydperk, wat bekend staan as vooronderhandeling, het lede van die Nasionale Party regering en die African National Congress (ANC) gepoog om kommunikasiekanale daar te stel en sodoende die moontlikheid van 'n onderhandelde skikking te ondersoek. Deur van 'n fase-benadering tot onderhandeling gebruik te maak, analiseer hierdie studie die oorgangstydperk met die doel om die struktuur en funksies van Suid-Afrikaanse vooronderhandelinge te bepaal. Die volgende drie onderhandelingsfases word onderskei: onderhande/ing oor onderhandeling, voorlopige onderhande/ing, en substantiewe onderhandeling. Beide fases een en twee word beskou as deel van vooronderhandeling.
    [Show full text]
  • SOUTH AFRICA, the COLONIAL POWERS and 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' by the Same Author
    SOUTH AFRICA, THE COLONIAL POWERS AND 'AFRICAN DEFENCE' By the same author ECONOMIC POWER IN ANGLO-SOUTH AFRICAN DIPLOMACY DIPLOMACY AT THE UN (edited with Anthony Jennings) INTERNATIONAL POLITICS: States, Power and Conflict since 1945 THE POLITICS OF THE SOUTH AFRICA RUN: European Shipping and Pretoria RETURN TO THE UN: UN Diplomacy in Regional Conflicts South Africa, the Colonial Powers and'African Defence' The Rise and Fall of the White Entente, 1948-60 G. R. Berridge Readerill Politics University ofLeicester © G. R. Berridge 1992 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1992 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or * transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, london W1T 4lP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Published by PAlGRAVE Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 Companies and representatives throughout the world PAlGRAVE is the new global academic imprint of St. Martin's Press llC Scholarly and Reference Division and Palgrave Publishers ltd (formerly Macmillan Press ltd). ISBN 978-1-349-39060-1 ISBN 978-0-230-37636-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9780230376366 This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources.
    [Show full text]
  • Improv in International Diplomacy: Creating a Cooperative Narrative
    IMPROV IN INTERNATIONAL DIPLOMACY: CREATING A COOPERATIVE NARRATIVE A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts By PRESTON J. EBERLYN B. A., Theatre and Political Science, The University of Findlay, 2015 2017 Wright State University WRIGHT STATE UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL July 29th, 2017 I HEREBY RECOMMEND THAT THE THESIS PREPARED UNDER MY SUPERVISION BY Preston J. Eberlyn ENTITLED Improv in International Diplomacy: Creating a Cooperative Narrative BE ACCEPTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF Master of Arts. ______________________________ R. William Ayres, Ph.D. Thesis Director ______________________________ Laura M. Luehrmann, Ph.D. Director, Master of Arts Program in International and Comparative Politics Committee on Final Examination: ___________________________________ R. William Ayres, IV, Ph.D. Department of Political Science ___________________________________ Liam Anderson, Ph.D. Department of Political Science ___________________________________ Jerri Killian, Ph.D. Department of Urban Affairs ______________________________ Robert E. W. Fyffe, Ph.D. Vice President for Research and Dean of the Graduate School Abstract Eberlyn, Preston J. M.A., Department of Political Science, International and Comparative Politics Graduate Program, Wright State University, 2017. Improv in International Diplomacy: Creating A Cooperative Narrative. The utilization of improvisation theatre in businesses and organizations to revolve conflict began to be used at the turn of the century. This new and growing tool has helped with company mergers and internal disputes. Thus, why not use these same improv theatre elements in international conflicts? The analysis of three distinct cases of track two diplomacy and improv theatre has shown the possibility of a new tool for diplomacy mediators to utilize.
    [Show full text]
  • A Framework for Constitutional Settlements: an Analysis of Diverging Interpretations of the South African Constitution
    A Framework for Constitutional Settlements: An Analysis of Diverging Interpretations of the South African Constitution by Salomé Marjanne Teuteberg Dissertation presented for the degree of Doctor of Political Science in the Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences at Stellenbosch University Supervisor: Professor PVDP du Toit March 2015 Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Declaration By submitting this dissertation electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Date: 15 February 2015 Copyright © 2015 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za Abstract South Africa’s transition to democracy has been hailed as exemplary in the field of conflict resolution and constitution-making. The negotiated settlement was expected to serve as a consensual constitutional framework boding well for the newly democratic regime, but by 2014 evidence was accumulating of an emerging dissensus on the South African Constitution. The literature on the South African transition does not anticipate this emerging constitutional dissensus, or address the possibility that the constitution meant different things to different stakeholders. While there was widespread endorsement of the ratification of the constitution, an apparent divergence has emerged about its meaning and what is stands for. Many studies addressed the process of constitutional negotiations and the outcome thereof, but few examine the meaning that the original negotiators invested into this outcome.
    [Show full text]
  • Footprints on the Sands of Time;
    FOOTPRINTS IN THE SANDS OF TIME CELEBRATING EVENTS AND HEROES OF THE STRUGGLE FOR FREEDOM AND DEMOCRACY IN SOUTH AFRICA 2 3 FOOTPRINTS LABOUR OF LOVE IN THE SANDS OF TIME Unveiling the Nkosi Albert Luthuli Legacy Project in August 2004, President Thabo Mbeki reminded us that: “... as part of the efforts to liberate ourselves from apartheid and colonialism, both physically and mentally, we have to engage in the process of telling the truth about the history of our country, so that all of our people, armed with this truth, can confidently face the challenges of this day and the next. ISBN 978-1-77018-205-9 “This labour of love, of telling the true story of South Africa and Africa, has to be intensified on © Department of Education 2007 all fronts, so that as Africans we are able to write, present and interpret our history, our conditions and All rights reserved. You may copy material life circumstances, according to our knowledge and from this publication for use in non-profit experience. education programmes if you acknowledge the source. For use in publication, please Courtesy Government Communication and Information System (GCIS) obtain the written permission of the President Thabo Mbeki “It is a challenge that confronts all Africans everywhere Department of Education. - on our continent and in the Diaspora - to define ourselves, not in the image of others, or according to the dictates and Enquiries fancies of people other than ourselves ...” Directorate: Race and Values, Department of Education, Room 223, President Mbeki goes on to quote from a favourite 123 Schoeman Street, Pretoria sub·lime adj 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Africa and the OAU Zdenel< Cervenl<A
    The Unfinished Quatfor Unity THE UMFIMISHED QUEST FORUMITY Africa and the OAU Zdenel< Cervenl<a JrFRIEDMANN Julian Friedmann Publishers Ltd 4 Perrins Lane, London NW3 1QY in association with The Scandinavian Institute of African Studies, Uppsala, Sweden. THE UNFINISHED QUEST FOR UNITY first published in 1977 Text © Zdenek Cervenka 1977 Typeset by T & R Filmsetters Ltd Printed in Great Britain by ISBN O 904014 28 2 Conditions of sale This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not by way of trade or otherwise, be lent, re-sold, hired out or otherwise circulated without the publisher's prior consent in any form or binding or cover other than that in which it is published and without a similar condition inc1uding this condition being imposed on the subsequent purchaser. CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction by Raph Uwechue ix Author's Note xiv Map xx CHAPTER l:The Establishment of the Organization of African Unity 1 1. Africa before the OAU 1 2. The Addis Ababa Summit Conference 4 CHAPTER II: The OAU Charter 12 1. The purposes .12 2. The principles .13 3. Membership .16 CHAPTER III: The Principal Organs of the OAU. .. 20 1. The Assembly of Heads of State and Government .20 2. The Council of Ministers .24 3. The General Secretariat .27 4. The Specialized Commissions .36 5. The Defence Commission .38 CHAPTER lY: The OAU Liberation Committee . .45 1. Relations with the liberation movements .46 2. Organization and structure .50 3. Membership ..... .52 4. Reform limiting its powers .55 5. The Accra Declaration on the new liberation strategy .58 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Joint Statement of the Regional Conference on Aviation Security in Africa
    Joint Statement of the Regional Conference on Aviation Security in Africa Dakar, Senegal 18 October 2011 We, the Directors General of Civil Aviation and other senior officials of 35 African States (named in the Annex), the African Civil Aviation Commission (AFCAC), observer participants, the 1st Vice-President of the Council of the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) and representatives of the aviation industry, met in Dakar, Senegal on 17 and 18 October 2011 to consider progress toward strengthening aviation security in accordance with the Declaration on Aviation Security, adopted unanimously by the ICAO Assembly at its 37th Session in Montréal, Canada in October 2010. We recalled our commitment to the Joint Declaration on Civil Aviation Security agreed in Abuja, Nigeria on 13 April 2010, affirming States’ commitment to prevent unlawful interference against civil aviation in all its forms, with particular attention to countering terrorist threats against civil aviation, and took into consideration the action plan defined by the African Roadmap on Aviation Security and adopted as a result of the Abuja Conference, as well as the role of AFCAC in implementing this Roadmap. We also took into consideration established mechanisms for promoting cooperation between ICAO and the African Union, AFCAC and other African bodies concerned with the development of civil aviation. We acknowledged ICAO’s leadership role in strengthening aviation security at the global and regional levels, and recalled the Abuja Declaration recommendation that States coordinate with ICAO to establish, approve and implement procedures, mechanisms and cooperative actions that strengthen their capacities to assess and counter civil aviation security threats and risks, thereby facilitating legitimate passenger and air cargo flows.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamics of Reform and Revolt in Current South Africa
    The Dynamics of Reform and Revolt in Current South Africa F. VAN ZYL SLABBERT THE TANNER LECTURES ON HUMAN VALUES Delivered at Brasenose College, Oxford University October 27 and 29 and November 5, 1987 FREDERIK VAN ZYL SLABBERT was born in Pretoria, South Africa, and completed his undergraduate and graduate work at Stellenbosch University. He has written widely in academic journals and co-authored two books, one with Professor David Welsh, South Africa’s Option: Strategies for Sharing Power, and, with Professor J. Opland, South Africa: Dilemma of Evolutionary Change. He is also the author of The Last White Parliament. In addition to being a Professor and Head of the Department of Sociology at the University of the Wit- watersrand, he is co-founder and Director of the Insti- tute for a Democratic Alternative for South Africa. I. FROM APARTHEID TO REFORM: THE IDEOLOGICAL PREPARATION FOR THE TOTAL ONSLAUGHT INTRODUCTION All the ingredients for a climactic eruption in South Africa have been present for decades. Even this potential remains unful- filled. So much so that one rates doomsday scenarios not so much on predictive accuracy as on the originality and freshness of new assumptions. South Africa is waiting to become — a hovering society. Almost universal agreement on the untenability of the present is matched by equally deep differences on the pattern for the future. The conflict is also rooted in the divergence and diver- sity of hopes about what is to come. South Africa is not a hope- less society; perhaps that is why its central conflict appears to be so intractable.
    [Show full text]
  • 838-5030 Minutes, ACOA Executive Board Meeting
    American Committee on Africa 305 East 46th Street New York, N.Y. 10017 (212) 838-5030 Minutes, ACOA Executive Board Meeting , March 11, 1976 Present: Elizabeth Landis presiding until relieved by William Booth; Elombe Brath, Robert Browne, Michael Davis , Janet Hooper, Jay Jacobson, Leonard Jeffries, WEliam Johnston, Dav i d Lampel, Gail Morlan, David Robinson, Adelaide Schulkind,. Timothy Smith, Rob ert Van Lierop, Peter Weiss Staff: George Houser , Paul Irish, Jennifer Davis, Raphael Gould, Richard Knight, Seana Blackman Apologies: Winifred Courtney, Moe Fone~, Collin Gonze, Edgar Lockwood, Herbert Shore, Donald Wi lson 1. The minutes . of the Dec emb e1 11 , 1975 meeting were accepted as received. 2. Finance Report: Geo ::ge Houser noted that we did better than expected in 197 5, taking in over $102,000 while reducing expenses bel ow projections to approxi­ mately $95,000; thus helping to offset the deficit , George noted that the res­ ponse from the ACOA list to the end of year appeal could be considered a "vote of confidence" in ACOA's future role. Michael Davis suggested that, since so little was expended on the move from the old office on Madison Avenue to the new location, we hire someone temporialy to finish off unpacking. 3. Nominating Committee: The Committee appointed was Dorothy Hibbert, Chairman; Tilden LeMelle, Elsie Carrington, David Lampel, Gail Morlan, William Booth and George Houser, ex-officio . 4. Brief Reports: Paul Irish reported on a meeting of the steering committee of 11 groups of the Cealition for the Liberation of Southern Africa, which emerged from the Madi- son meeting in the fall.
    [Show full text]
  • A Letter from South Africa
    Notebook Hermann Giliomee A LETTER FROM SOUTH AFRICA n July 1987, a group of Afrikaner dissidents spokesmen, particularly the Minister of Defense, metI in Dakar, Senegal, with officials of the African General Magnus Malan. When the strongest bomb National Congress. Among the Afrikaners attending blast ever in South Africa occurred in Johannesburg were Frederick Van Zyl Slabbert, former leader of a few days after the group's return, Malan declared the parliamentary opposition, Beyers Naude, former "conferees with terrorists owe an explanation to secretary of the South African Council of Churches, those injured in the explosion." the writers André Brink and Breyten Breytenbach, This was deliberately to miss the point. As Peter and the Capetown political scientist, editor of Die Gastrow, a member of the South African group, Suid-Afrikaan, Hermann Giliomee, who wrote the said: "There will always be South Africans deter- following report for Dissent. mined to investigate all possible avenues out of the cycle of death and destruction in an effort to History cast a long shadow over a recent meeting in establish a nonracial democracy." Dakar, the capital of Senegal, between a group of 62 internal South Africans, most of whom were Afrikaners, and a delegation of the African National Congress (ANC), the exiled liberation organization. Compared to the Palestinian Liberation Organiza- For a century now, Afrikaner and African national- tion with its quasi-state organization, the ANC is a ism have developed alongside each other. The first considerably more modest outfit. In 1983 its Afrikaner political organizations were founded in approximate budget was $100 million with a total 1880, just a few years before the African ones membership of 10,000.
    [Show full text]
  • Le Méridien Président Dakar Conference Centre
    The joint 7th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer and 17th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer 12 to 16 December 2005 Associated Meetings – 7 to 10 December 2005 Meeting Venue: Le Méridien Président Dakar Conference Centre Pointe des Almadies BP: 8181 Dakar, Yoff / Senegal Tel: (+221) 869 69 69 Fax:( +221) 869 6924 Internet: www.lemeridien-dakar.com IMPORTANT NOTICE PLEASE PRESENT YOUR PASSPORT AT THE REGISTRATION AREA. SECURITY OFFICERS WILL ALLOW ENTRY TO THE CONFERENCE CENTRE ONLY TO DELEGATES WHO CAN PROVE THEIR IDENTITY. THANK YOU. GENERAL INFORMATION: 2005 in Conference Room C05/06 on level 0. By invitation only. The joint 7th Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Convention for the Protection The 2nd Meeting of the Bureau of the 6th Meeting of of the Ozone Layer and the 17th Meeting of the the Conference of the Parties to the Vienna Parties to the Montreal Protocol on Substances that Convention and the 2nd Meeting of the Bureau of Deplete the Ozone Layer, and associated meetings the 16th Meeting of the Parties to the Montreal will be held in Dakar, Senegal from 7 to 16 Protocol will be held on Saturday, 10 December December 2005. 2005, from 10:00 hrs in Conference Room C05/06 on level 0. By invitation only. REGISTRATION: The joint 7th Meeting of the Conference of the Pre-registration could be done by downloading and Parties (COP) to the Vienna Convention for the completing the registration form from our website: Protection of the Ozone Layer and the 17th Meeting http://www.unep.org/ozone and sending it by fax to of the Parties (MOP) to the Montreal Protocol on (+254 20) 624691 / 624692 / 624693 or by email to Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer will take [email protected].
    [Show full text]