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Troia Endpublikation Bd 1 Teil 2 Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 537 Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 537 STUDIA TROICA Monographien 5 2014 Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 538 STUDIA TROICA Monographien 5 Herausgeber Ernst Pernicka Charles Brian Rose Peter Jablonka Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 539 Herausgegeben von Ernst Pernicka, Charles Brian Rose und Peter Jablonka Troia 1987–2012: Grabungen und Forschungen I Forschungsgeschichte, Methoden und Landschaft Teil 2 VERLAG DR. RUDOLF HABELT GMBH BONN Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 540 Undertaken with the assistance of the Institute for Aegean Prehistory (INSTAP) – Philadelphia, USA The research and compilation of the manuscript for this final publication were made possible through a generous grant from The Shelby White – Leon Levy Program for Archaeological Publications Gefördert mit Mitteln der Deutschen Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) und der Daimler AG Teil 1: 536 Seiten mit 42 Farb- und 194 Schwarzweißabbildungen Teil 2: 552 Seiten mit 30 Farb- und 229 Schwarzweißabbildungen Herausgeber: Lektorat: Ernst Pernicka Hanswulf Bloedhorn Charles Brian Rose Donald F. Easton Peter Jablonka Dietrich und Erdmute Koppenhöfer Wissenschaftliche Redaktion: Layout, Satz: Stephan W. E. Blum Frank Schweizer, Göppingen Peter Jablonka Mariana Thater Druck: Diane Thumm-Doğrayan Bechtel Druck GmbH & Co. KG, Ebersbach/Fils Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über <http://dnb.d-nb.de> abrufbar. © 2014 by Dr. Rudolf Habelt GmbH, Bonn ISBN: 978-3-7749-3902-8 Das Werk einschließlich aller seiner Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Verwertung außerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes ist ohne Zustimmung des Verlages unzulässig und strafbar. Dies gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigung, Übersetzung, Mikroverfilmung und die Speicherung und Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen. Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 541 Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 542 542 Inhalt Teil 1 Ernst Pernicka Preface 10 Forschungsgeschichte Rüstem Aslan Unterwegs nach Troia. Reisende in der Troas von Ruy González de Clavijo bis Heinrich Schliemann 18 Donald F. Easton The First Excavations at Troy: Brunton, Calvert and Schliemann 32 Diane Thumm-Doğrayan Die Ausgrabungen in Troia unter Wilhelm Dörpfeld und Carl W. Blegen 104 Getzel M. Cohen How Cincinnati returned to Troy 142 Peter Jablonka Bronzezeitliche Archäologie in Troia seit 1987 158 Charles Brian Rose Post-Bronze Age Excavations at Troy, 1988–2005 190 Methoden und Strategien Archäologie und Vermessungstechnik Peter Jablonka Der Raum: Die Fundstelle und ihre geographische Lage 218 Peter Jablonka Archäologischer Survey im Stadtgebiet von Troia 262 Ralf Becks und Stephan W. E. Blum Methoden der prähistorisch-archäologischen Ausgrabung und stratigraphischen Analyse in Troia 364 Eberhard Messmer Die Vermessungsarbeiten in Troia seit 1987 394 Matthias Cieslack Die Bestimmung einer hochgenauen Höhenbezugsfläche (DFHBF) für Troia 420 Erhaltung und Präsentation Elizabeth H. Riorden Conservation and Presentation of the Site of Troy, 1988–2008 428 Donna Strahan and Simone Korolnik Archaeological Conservation 520 Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:18 Seite 543 Inhalt 543 Teil 2 Methoden und Strategien Archäologische Untersuchungen am Fundmaterial Diane Thumm-Doğrayan Fundbearbeitung in Troia 548 Billur Tekkök – John Wallrodt – Sebastian Heath Post-Bronze Age Ceramic Data at Ilion, from In-Field Use to Digital Publication 582 Ivan Gatsov – Petranka Nedelcheva Lithic Industry of Troy I–VII: Objectives and Methods of the Excavations 1987–2006 592 Naturwissenschaftliche Methoden Simone Riehl – Elena Marinova Archäobotanik 602 Henrike Kiesewetter Paläoanthropologische Untersuchungen in Troia 610 Ernst Pernicka, Thorsten Schifer, Cornelia Schubert Keramikanalysen in Troia 642 Norbert Blindow – Christian Hübner – Hans Günter Jansen (†) Geophysikalische Prospektion 666 İlhan Kayan Geoarchaeological Research at Troia and its Environs 694 Die Troas: Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsgeschichte Landschafts- und Besiedlungsgeschichte Simone Riehl – Elena Marinova – Hans-Peter Uerpmann Landschaftsgeschichte der Troas. Bioarchäologische Forschungen 732 Stephan W. E. Blum – Mariana Thater – Diane Thumm-Doğrayan Die Besiedlung der Troas vom Neolithikum bis zum Beginn der mittleren Bronzezeit: Chronologische Sequenz und Siedlungsstruktur 770 Peter Pavúk – Cornelia Schubert Die Troas in der Mittel- und Spätbronzezeit 864 Volker Höhfeld Die Troas in osmanisch-türkischer Zeit 924 Einzelstudien zur Besiedlung der Troas Utta Gabriel Die Keramik der troadischen Fundorte Kumtepe IA, Beşik-Sivritepe und Çıplak Köyü im Kontext ihrer überregionalen Vergleichsfunde 990 Jan-Krzysztof Bertram – Necmi Karul Anmerkungen zur Stratigraphie des Kumtepe. Die Ergebnisse der Grabungen in den Jahren 1994 und 1995 1058 Adressen der Autoren 1085 Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:19 Seite 694 İlhan Kayan* Geoarchaeological Research at Troia and its Environs Abstract Sedimentological and stratigraphical data obtained by core drillings on the alluvial plains and at the foot of slopes encircling the Troia ridge have provided an important source to illuminate changes of geographical environment during the Holocene. The stratigraphical sequence ofthe Holocene sediments consists of three main units which represent three different paleogeographical periods. They are (1) Early-Middle Holocene (in general, corresponds to the Neolithic and Chalcolithic period) marine environment, which extended as a long bay along the lower val- ley of the Karamenderes river; (2) Middle Holocene (Bronze Age) deltaic progradation, which was a period of faster development because of small sea level fall; and (3) Late Holocene slower deltaic progradation and aggra- dation, and alluvial-colluvial sedimentation period (formation of the present flood plain). It is possible to develop these interpretations by means of more detailed sedimentological and paleontological analyses. However, the data obtained from 318 core drillings and paleogeographical evidences are in good concordance, and they are quite sufficient for the present geoarchaeological interpretations. Zusammenfassung Sedimentologische und stratigraphische Daten, die aus Bohrkernen in den Schwemmlandebenen und Abhängen rund um den Troia-Rücken gewonnen wurden, dienen als wichtige Quelle, um Veränderungen der geographi- schen Umgebung während des Holozäns sichtbar zu machen. Die stratigraphische Abfolge der holozänen Sedi- mente besteht aus drei Haupteinheiten, die drei verschiedene paläogeographische Perioden repräsentieren. Das ist 1. die marine Umgebung des Früh- und Mittel-Holozän (entspricht ganz allgemein dem Neolithikum und Chalkolithikum), die sich als lange Bucht entlang des unteren Karamenderes-Tales erstreckte; 2. die Pro gradation des Deltas im Mittel-Holozän (Bronzezeit), die eine Periode schnellerer Entwicklung wegen eines geringen Ab- falls des Meeresspiegels war; 3. eine langsame Delta-Progradation und -Aggradation und alluviale Ablagerungs- periode (Entstehung der gegenwärtigen Flußebene). Diese Interpretation kann man durch detaillierte sedimen- tologische und paläontologische Analysen verfeinern. Jedoch stimmen die Daten, die wir aus 318 Bohrungen gewonnen haben, und die paläogeographischen Zeugnisse gut überein; sie reichen für die gegenwärtigen geoar- chäologischen Interpretationen aus. * Acknowledgements: This paper has been compiled from my previous publications on paleogeographical, geoar- chaeological research at Troia. This means that all knowledge here is also based on our research which had been per- formed under favour of continuous support and encouragement of Prof. Dr. Manfred O. Korfmann since 1983. The Troia Project, under his management, contributed greatly on my scientific life and experience. By this way, also many students and assistants of me from our Geography Department in Ege University had training chance in Troia. In addition, he greatly supported us to develop our laboratory in our Department. I will remain grateful to him forever for his friendly interest and support. Prof. Dr. William Aylward has read the paper and corrected it for better English. Mrs. Erdmute Koppenhöfer and Prof. Dr. Dietrich Koppenhöfer also worked patiently on the paper to improve it during the course of editing. I thank them for their kind cooperation and contribution. Troia Endpublikation Bd 1_Teil 2_Layout 1 20.06.2014 12:19 Seite 695 Geoarchaeological Research at Troy and its Environs 695 Fig. 1 Geomorphological outlines of the Troia area. Introduction Important in archaeology and the history of culture, Troia is a very special site concerning the geographical changes in the surrounding area, and has been the subject of great interest and sci- entific research. Of course, the most important reason for this interest is the detailed description of the geographical environment made by Homer as he narrates events occurring in Troia and its surroundings. However, suspicions as to how much Homer’s descriptions represent reality have provoked much discussion. Nevertheless, descriptions of the geographical environment of around 2700 or 3250 years ago – depending if one assumes Homer describes the landscape at his own lifetime, or at the supposedly earlier time of the Trojan War – which
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