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Practices Cope with Climate Change from Villages in Yunnan Province of China

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Practices Cope with Climate Change from Villages in Yunnan Province of China Communication Initiative for China Civil Climate Action Stories Technology-assisted Poverty Alleviation? Climate Adaptation? Straw, Garlic and Silage: Practices Cope with Climate Change from Villages in Yunnan Province of China 2019.12 Straw Weaving: Appears at the right time At the beginning of 2018, when organizing the first "Straw Weaving Workshop", LIU Chuang planned to train only 50 villagers in his village. Unexpectedly, more than 200 villagers from more than 10 villages nearby were attracted on the first day alone. Finally, he had to extend the 5-day training to 2 weeks. "The room could barely accommodate so many people, and even the cost of free meals for them almost went beyond our budget.” The processing room of "Eryuan Jiayi Handicraft Weaving Professional Cooperative" is just next to LIU Chuang's home. The room is not large, and in the most conspicuous place are hung a row of nameplates of the cooperative, which clearly indicate the organizational structure, director- general working system, file management, operation and financial systems. Three or four villagers were busy weaving straw mats at that moment. The corn bran braids and thick straw were interwoven and twisted in their hands and soon a mat took its shape. Behind the processing room is the warehouse of the cooperative, in which are neatly stacked some finished products: more than a dozen vases of different sizes and shapes, a thick stack of futons and mats, straw hats of different styles, slippers and baskets, especially the woven baskets that can be held with the arm during shopping are quite ingenious and stylish, and seem to be very likely to win the favor of ladies in cities. At present, members of the cooperative only work here irregularly in spare time and no mass production has been formed. Therefore, these beautiful handicrafts have yet to be marketed on a large scale. LIU Chuang and the villagers are not in a hurry. Their main goal in the near future is to break through the technical bottleneck and keep improving their skills. They will slowly stock up the goods and take orders when they have got a considerable quantity. 01 CANGO 2019.12 Though straw weaving is not a unique local folk craft in Yousuo Town, Eryuan County, Dali, most villagers know how to weave straw mats with reeds and, therefore, they learn straw weaving very quickly because of similarities between techniques of the two. The idea of founding this cooperative originated from a friend's recommendation. LIU Chuang and Dr. ZHOU from Pesticide Eco- Alternatives Centre (PEAC) have been friends for many years. "Dr. ZHOU once recommended to us the inheritor of straw weaving intangible cultural heritage in Linwei area of Shaanxi Province (in northwest China). We jointly held the first training workshop which turned out to achieve remarkable results. The inheritor spoke highly of us, saying that despite his experience of giving training in so many places, the craftsmanship of our villagers is the most exquisite among beginners.” Eryuan County is located at the source of Erhai Lake in the northernmost part of Dali Prefecture, alongside Cibi Lake, the largest fresh water lake in the upper reaches of Erhai Lake. Miju River, one of the tributaries of Lancang River, passes through the whole county, and still goes through two wetlands (Donghu Lake and Xihu Lake) before flowing into Erhai Lake. It contributes more than 60% of water in Erhai Lake. October is a harvest month in Eryuan County, where one can see patches of golden rice fields to be harvested and crystal clear sky. Looking far along the rice fields, one can clearly see the mountains going up and down at the end of the horizon. In view of such a scene, the newcomers can hardly imagine that 4 or 5 years ago, Eryuan County was a place where disgusting garbage and animal excrement were piled on the roadside and annoying mosquitoes were everywhere. With the advent of autumn, the most common sight in the county used to be the villagers burning straw in the fields which generate heavy and choking smoke in the air. Now, one can hardly see any burning of straw here. "Now if you go to the villagers' houses, you would see all the straw piled up in their backyards, waiting to be used to make braids.” Much of the straw used to be burned is now collected in LIU Chuang's cooperative, and most of it has been collected from his own village and the villages nearby. After harvested with machine, the straw is peeled and aired, and fumigated with sulfur as required for better color and luster. The processed straw and corn husks are first made into twisted ropes to serve as the primary material for straw weaving. Villagers who are familiar with the craftsmanship further make various products out of these twisted ropes. If you talk with the local residents in Eryuan County, most people would tell you that the local policies of development and industrial restructuring and upgrading in Dali of Yunnan Province over the past few years have been centered on the theme of "environmental protection". In the past, burning was a common way to dispose of straw in rural areas in autumn and winter. But now "ban on burning" has been released all over China to control air quality, Dali is no exception. Under the strict prohibition of local government in recent years, straw burning has almost become a thing of the past in Eryuan County. With the help of local agro-technicians and NGOs, a large amount of corn straw has been returned to the field, turning the pollution source into a measure of improving soil fertility. Other channels of disposal include the growing Eryuan Jiayi Handicraft Weaving Professional Cooperative project, which was just "born at the right time". 02 CANGO 2019.12 Garlic Ban: A county's “pain in transformation" In fact, the story is not about straw alone. Since the "tough battle" of comprehensive environmental improvement started in Erhai basin of Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture in 2015, the soil, atmosphere and water of Eryuan County have become the key targets for improvement due to the county’s special geographical location. In 2015, with the implementation of the newly revised Regulations on the Protection and Administration of Erhai Lake in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, the local government has strengthened pollution interception and control in the basin with Erhai Lake as the key target, and taken the lead in enhancing control of agriculture, animal husbandry, pollution discharge and farm pollution storage in relevant areas. Two years later, the Notice on Special Rectification of Catering and Inn Services in the Core Area of the Water Ecological Protection Zone of Erhai Lake Basin was released (referred to as "Notice No.3") to drive large-scale rectification of the core tourist areas along the bank of Erhai Lake. By May 30, 2018, Dali municipal government announced the "Three-Line" Delineation Plan for the Ecological Environment Protection of Erhai Lake in Dali City (1), emphasizing that the protection and treatment of Erhai Lake must be implemented with "emission reduction" and "capacity expansion" combined. The "emission reduction" refers to the pollution prevention and treatment system to reduce the pollution load into the lake, while the "capacity expansion" refers to the restoration of the encroached lakeside zone, the construction of ecological wetlands and the building of healthy water ecosystem in the lake. "We, Yousuo Village, can be said to have sacrificed the most for the protection of Erhai Lake, and we are still in the ‘painful period' of transformation.” By “pain”, LIU Chuang mainly refers to the ban on garlic planting just released by the local government last year. On August 28, 2018, Dali Prefecture Communist Party Committee and Prefecture Government issued a "Three Bans and Four Promotions" policy in line with the "Regulations on the Protection and Administration of Erhai Lake in Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture" and other relevant policies newly introduced: namely, banning the sale and use of nitrogenous and phosphorus-containing fertilizers, promoting organic fertilizer alternative; banning the sale and use of highly toxic and high residue pesticides, promoting green prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests; banning the cultivation of crops consuming a large amount of water and fertilizers with garlic as the typical example, adjusting the industrial structure and promoting green ecological cultivation of crops, promoting standardization of livestock and poultry, and healthy ecological cultivation in fishery industry. (1) Three Lines refer to blue, green and red lines to circle three areas around Erhai Lake. 03 CANGO 2019.12 In the past 20 years, garlic has been the most important cash crop in Yousuo Village. Due to the excellent soil and water conditions, this area is suitable for the growth of super high-grade red garlic with a maximum output value of 10,000 yuan per mu (2). It can be said that the whole Yousuo Town which Yousuo Village belongs to, and even the neighboring Dengchuan Town, have developed over the past 20 years relying on this high-quality garlic industry. A complete industrial chain has been formed from planting to processing and to logistics. Now, the garlic industry has become the top priority of "Three Bans and Four Promotions" policy and prevention of agricultural non-point source pollution. The reason is that garlic planting in the traditional way needs to consume a large amount of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and water, which easily cause soil eutrophication. The tail water generated thereby flows into Erhai Lake and further aggravates the nitrogen and phosphorus load in the water. Eryuan County is located in the upstream of the water source of Erhai Lake, with higher potential hazard of pollution than elsewhere.
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